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人教版必修三Unit 5 The Value of Money 语法专练（核心考点：情态动词、过去将来时）
目录
课本片段精讲篇 --------------------------------------------------------1
单句语法填空初级篇---------------------------------------------------5
单句语法填空高级篇- ------------------------------------------------15
精讲篇
选材：Unit 5 《百万英镑》剧本拓展片段
Two wealthy gentlemen made a bet about whether a man could survive with a million-pound banknote. They found Henry Adams, a poor American sailor who had landed in London by accident. One of the gentlemen said to Henry, “You mustn’t spend the note; you can only use it to prove your identity.” Henry was confused but nodded. He thought he would starve to death if no one accepted the note, but he had no choice but to try. The gentlemen told Henry that they would check on him in a month. When Henry walked into a restaurant, the waiter thought he was a beggar and wanted to drive him away. Henry took out the million-pound note, and the waiter’s attitude suddenly changed—he knew this man could not be a common beggar. He said, “Sir, you may sit wherever you like, and we will serve you the best food.” Henry realized that the note would bring him unexpected changes, but he still decided to keep his integrity.
1. 逐句分析情态动词含义与用法、过去将来时构成与语境
① Two wealthy gentlemen made a bet about whether a man could survive with a million-pound banknote.
——情态动词could（表可能性，“能够”）
解析：could是can的过去式，此处用于宾语从句中，主句时态为过去时（made），从句用could表过去的可能性，说明打赌的核心是“一个人是否能靠百万英镑生存”。
② You mustn’t spend the note; you can only use it to prove your identity.
——情态动词mustn’t（表义务，“禁止”）、can（表许可，“可以”）
解析：mustn’t强调“禁止花费钞票”的义务要求；can此处表许可，说明“只能用钞票证明身份”的限定条件，均符合两位绅士对亨利的规则设定。
③ He thought he would starve to death if no one accepted the note...
——过去将来时would starve（构成：would+动词原形）
解析：主句谓语thought为过去时，宾语从句中用would starve表示“在亨利当时的认知中，未来可能发生的事”，即基于过去视角描述的未来动作，此处无明确计划，仅为单纯预测。
④ The gentlemen told Henry that they would check on him in a month.
——过去将来时would check（构成：would+动词原形）
解析：主句时态为过去时（told），宾语从句中用would check表示“绅士们在过去承诺的、未来要做的事”，语气较正式，符合书面化叙述语境。
⑤ ...he knew this man could not be a common beggar.
——情态动词could not（表可能性，“不可能”）
解析：could not是can not的过去式，此处用于宾语从句中，主句knew为过去时，表“服务员当时判断‘这个人不可能是普通乞丐’”，体现过去的否定推测。
⑥ Sir, you may sit wherever you like...
——情态动词may（表许可，“可以”）
解析：may此处用于服务场景中，表对亨利的许可，语气礼貌，符合服务员态度转变后的语境。
⑦ Henry realized that the note would bring him unexpected changes...
——过去将来时would bring（构成：would+动词原形）
解析：主句realized为过去时，宾语从句中用would bring表示“亨利当时意识到，钞票在未来会给他带来变化”，基于过去视角的单纯预测，无提前计划含义。
2. 核心词汇与固定搭配总结
① 核心词汇：bet（n./v. 打赌）、charity（n. 慈善）、debt（n. 债务）、integrity（n. 诚信）、survive（v. 生存）、identity（n. 身份）、beggar（n. 乞丐）、wealthy（adj. 富有的）、gentleman（n. 绅士）、accident（n. 意外）、serve（v. 服务）
② 固定搭配：
make a bet（打赌）、by accident（偶然）、
prove one’s identity（证明身份）、starve to death（饿死）、
have no choice but to do（别无选择只能做）、check on（查看；核实）、
serve sb. food（为某人提供食物）、keep one’s integrity（坚守诚信）、
pay off debt（偿还债务）、donate to charity（捐赠慈善）
3. 即时练习题
（1）单句填空：选择合适的情态动词（must, can, may, could, should）填入空白处（每空限填一词）
① You ____ pay off your debt on time to keep your credit.
② The poor man thought he ____ not survive the cold winter without help.
③ —____ I use your phone to call my friend —Yes, you may.
④ He ____ have kept his promise; otherwise, no one would trust him now.
⑤ The boss said we ____ finish the task before Friday, or we would be punished.
答案：
must
解析：考查情态动词表必要性。句意为“为了保持信用，你必须按时偿还债务”，must表强烈的必要性，符合语境。
could
解析：考查情态动词表过去的可能性。主句thought为过去时，从句用could not表“这个人当时认为自己无法在寒冬生存”，符合过去视角的可能性推测。
May
解析：考查情态动词表许可。根据答语Yes, you may. 可知问句用May表礼貌的请求许可，符合交际语境。
should
解析：考查情态动词表义务。句意为“他本应该遵守承诺，否则现在没人会信任他”，should表“本该做却未做”的义务，符合诚信主题的语境。
⑤ must
解析：考查情态动词表过去的必要性。主句said为过去时，从句用must表“老板当时要求‘必须在周五前完成任务’”，体现过去的必要性要求。
（2）句式改写：将下列句子中的一般将来时改为过去将来时（保持原意不变）
① He says, “I will donate all the money to charity.”
② She tells me that she is going to pay off her brother’s debt.
③ The gentleman announces, “The winner will get a big prize.”
④ My mother says, “I will prepare a big meal for you when you come back.”
答案:
① He said that he would donate all the money to charity.
解析：主句时态由says改为said（过去时），直接引语中的will改为would，符合“主句过去时，宾语从句用过去将来时”的规则，同时补充引导词that。
② She told me that she was going to pay off her brother’s debt.
解析：主句tells改为told（过去时），直接引语中的is going to改为was going to（过去将来时的另一种构成：was/were going to+动词原形），此处表“过去计划好的动作”，保持原意。
③ The gentleman announced that the winner would get a big prize.
解析：主句announces改为announced（过去时），will改为would，构成过去将来时，表“过去的承诺”，符合时态一致原则。
My mother said that she would prepare a big meal for me when I came back.
解析：主句says改为said（过去时），will改为would，同时调整人称（you改为I，your改为my），使句子逻辑连贯，符合间接引语的变化规则。
单句语法填空--初级篇
一．单句语法填空+单句改写
（1）单句语法填空：填入合适的情态动词（must, can, may, could, should）或过去将来时结构（每空限填1-3个单词）
1. We ____ save money for unexpected needs.
2. The little girl asked if she ____ borrow some money to buy a book.
3. He told his parents that he ____ (find) a part-time job to earn pocket money.
4. You ____ not spend all your money on unnecessary things; it’s not wise.
5. My father said that he ____ (take) me to the bank to open a savings account next weekend.
答案：
must
解析：考查情态动词表必要性。句意为“我们必须为意外需求存钱”，must表客观必要性，符合理财的主题。
could
解析：考查情态动词表过去的许可。主句asked为过去时，宾语从句用could表“小女孩当时询问是否可以借钱买书”，符合过去的请求语境。
would find / was going to find
解析：考查过去将来时。主句told为过去时，宾语从句用would find或was going to find表示“他当时告诉父母，自己会找兼职赚零花钱”，两种结构均为过去将来时的正确构成；would find表单纯的未来承诺，was going to find表提前计划好的打算。
should
解析：考查情态动词表义务。should not表“不应该”，句意为“你不应该把钱花在不必要的东西上”，体现合理消费的义务，符合主题。
5. would take / was going to take
解析：考查过去将来时。主句said为过去时，宾语从句用would take或was going to take表示“父亲当时说会带我去开储蓄账户”，would take表单纯的未来安排，was going to take表提前计划好的事，符合过去将来时的语境要求。
（2）单句改写：将下列句子中的一般将来时改为过去将来时（保持原意不变）
6. She says, “I will help the poor boy pay for his education.”
7. The teacher tells us, “We will have a discussion about money management tomorrow.”
8. He announces, “I am going to donate my old clothes to charity.”
9. The shopkeeper says, “I will give you a discount if you buy more.”
10. My sister says, “I will learn to manage my pocket money properly.”
答案与解析
6. She said that she would help the poor boy pay for his education.
解析：主句says改为said，will改为would，补充引导词that，构成过去将来时，表“过去的承诺”，符合时态一致原则。
7. The teacher told us that we would have a discussion about money management the next day.
解析：主句tells改为told，will改为would，同时调整时间状语tomorrow为the next day（间接引语中时间状语的变化），保持语义准确，此处would表单纯的未来安排。
8. He announced that he was going to donate his old clothes to charity.
解析：主句announces改为announced，am going to改为was going to，构成过去将来时，表“过去计划好的捐赠行为”，符合规则。
9. The shopkeeper said that he would give me a discount if I bought more.
解析：主句says改为said，will改为would，调整人称you改为I，your改为my，buy改为bought（条件状语从句中时态与主句一致），使句子逻辑连贯，would表单纯的未来承诺。
10. My sister said that she would learn to manage her pocket money properly.
解析：主句says改为said，will改为would，构成过去将来时，准确传达“姐姐当时说会学会合理管理零花钱”的含义，表单纯的未来打算。
二．单句改错
下列句子均存在一处错误（聚焦情态动词误用、过去将来时与一般将来时混淆），请找出并改正。
1. He said that he will pay back the money he borrowed next month.（____）
2. You must to keep your promise to repay the debt on time.（____）
3. The old man thought that he can not earn enough money to support his family.（____）
4. She told me that she is going to donate some money to the orphanage.（____）
5. You should not to spend the money that belongs to others.（____）
6. The boy said he may use his pocket money to help the homeless.（____）
7. We must finish our work before dark, or we would be punished.（____）
8. My mother told me that I will be able to manage my own money when I grow up.（____）
9. He can borrow my money if he promises to return it on time, I think.（____）（提示：表许可，语气更委婉）
10. The manager said that the company will give a bonus to employees who work hard.（____）
答案与解析
答案：will→would
解析：考查过去将来时与一般将来时混淆。主句said为过去时，宾语从句需用过去将来时，将will改为would。
2. 答案：去掉to
解析：考查情态动词用法错误。must为情态动词，后接动词原形，不能加to，故删除to。
3. 答案：can→could
解析：考查情态动词时态错误。主句thought为过去时，宾语从句中表过去的可能性需用could，将can改为could。
4. 答案：is→was
解析：考查过去将来时结构错误。主句told为过去时，宾语从句中was going to构成过去将来时，将is改为was。
5. 答案：去掉to
解析：考查情态动词用法错误。should为情态动词，后接动词原形，不能加to，删除to。
6. 答案：may→might / could
解析：考查情态动词时态错误。主句said为过去时，宾语从句中表过去的许可需用might或could，将may改为might/could。
7. 答案：would→will
解析：考查时态混淆。主句为一般现在时（must finish），or引导的并列句表将来的结果，用will，将would改为will。
8. 答案：will→would
解析：考查过去将来时与一般将来时混淆。主句told为过去时，宾语从句需用过去将来时，将will改为would。
9. 答案：can→may
解析：考查情态动词误用。表委婉的许可时，may比can更合适，符合“借钱”的礼貌交际语境，将can改为may。
10. 答案：will→would
解析：考查过去将来时与一般将来时混淆。主句said为过去时，宾语从句需用过去将来时，将will改为would。
三．短语句式转换
将下列直接引语改为间接引语，注意将一般将来时改为过去将来时，调整人称和时间/地点状语。
1. Tom says, “I will not spend money on things I don’t need.”
答案：Tom said that he would not spend money on things he didn’t need.
解析：主句says改为said，will改为would，I改为he，don’t改为didn’t（时态一致），would表单纯的未来承诺。
2. Mary tells her friend, “My parents will teach me how to manage money.”
答案：Mary told her friend that her parents would teach her how to manage money. 解析：主句tells改为told，will改为would，My改为her，me改为her，would表单纯的未来安排。
3. The teacher says, “We will have a debate about ‘Money and Happiness’ tomorrow.”
答案：The teacher told us that we would have a debate about “Money and Happiness” the next day.
解析：主句says改为said/told，will改为would，tomorrow改为the next day，would表单纯的未来计划。
4. Jack announces, “I am going to donate half of my pocket money to charity.”
答案：Jack announced that he was going to donate half of his pocket money to charity.
解析：主句announces改为announced，am going to改为was going to，I改为he，表过去计划好的捐赠行为。
5. Lily says to me, “You will realize that integrity is more important than money.”
答案：Lily said to me / told me that I would realize that integrity is more important than money.
解析：主句says to改为said to/told，will改为would，You改为I（宾语从句人称与间接宾语me一致），would表单纯的未来认知。
6. The old man says, “I will never borrow money from others if I can’t pay it back.”
答案：The old man said that he would never borrow money from others if he couldn’t pay it back.
解析：主句says改为said，will改为would，can’t改为couldn’t，I改为he，would表单纯的未来原则。
7. Peter tells us, “My uncle will take me to a bank to open an account next week.”
答案：Peter told us that his uncle would take him to a bank to open an account the next week.
解析：主句tells改为told，will改为would，My改为his，me改为him，next week改为the next week，would表单纯的未来安排。
8. The speaker says, “Money will not bring true happiness to people.”
答案：The speaker said that money would not bring true happiness to people.
解析：主句says改为said，will改为would，保持原句其他成分不变，would表单纯的未来观点。
9. Lucy says, “I am going to save every penny to buy a gift for my mother.”
答案：Lucy said that she was going to save every penny to buy a gift for her mother.
解析：主句says改为said，am going to改为was going to，I改为she，my改为her，表过去计划好的储蓄行为。
10. The father says to his son, “You will learn to be responsible for your own money.”
答案：The father said to his son that he would learn to be responsible for his own money.
解析：主句says to改为said to，will改为would，You改为he（指代his son），your改为his，would表单纯的未来期望。
四、专项对比练习篇：过去将来时两种结构（would do vs was/were going to do）
核心区别梳理
1. would do：侧重单纯陈述过去的承诺、意愿或习惯性未来动作，无明确“提前计划”含义，语气较正式，多用于书面语或叙事语境；
2. was/were going to do：侧重表达过去“提前计划好的动作”，或有明显迹象表明即将发生的事，语气较口语化，常暗示计划可能实现或未实现。
题型1：选词填空（从would do 或 was/were going to do 中选择合适结构，并用所给动词的正确形式填空）
1. He ____ (return) the borrowed money the next day, but he suddenly fell ill and failed.
2. The millionaire said he ____ (donate) a large sum of money to the poor area.
3. The sky was dark and cloudy; we ____ (have) a heavy rain, so we decided to postpone the charity sale.
4. She told me that she ____ (save) enough money to help her friend pay off the debt.
5. When he was young, his father ____ (give) him some pocket money every month and taught him to manage it.
6. The shopkeeper promised that he ____ (refund) the money if the product was faulty.
7. They ____ (hold) a money management lecture last weekend, but it was canceled due to low registration.
8. My grandfather said he ____ (teach) me how to distinguish true from false banknotes when I grew up.
答案：
1. was going to return
解析： 表过去计划好的事，用was going to return，结合语境“生病未能兑现”，体现计划未实现的含义。
would donate
解析：表过去的承诺，无明确计划细节，用would donate，符合正式叙事语境。
were going to have
解析：有“乌云密布”的迹象表明即将下雨，用were going to have，贴合迹象类语境要求。
was going to save
解析：表过去计划好的储蓄行为，用was going to save，强调提前的打算。
would give
解析：表过去习惯性的未来动作（每月给零花钱），用would give，符合would表习惯性动作的用法。
would refund
解析：表过去的承诺，正式叙事语境，用would refund，语气更正式。
were going to hold
解析：表过去的承诺，正式叙事语境，用would refund，语气更正式。
would teach
解析：表过去的意愿，无明确计划时间，用would teach，符合would表单纯意愿的用法。
题型2：句子改写（根据括号内要求，将句子中的过去将来时结构改写为另一种，保持原意不变）
The gentleman announced that he was going to pay off the poor man’s debt.（改为would do 结构，表正式承诺）
2. She said she would bring some homemade food to the charity party.（改为was/were going to do 结构，表提前计划）
3. They told us they were going to launch a “integrity is more valuable than money” campaign.（改为would do 结构，表正式安排）
4. The old man said he would never accept money that he didn’t earn.（改为was/were going to do 结构，表过去的意愿）
5. We knew it was going to snow, so we prepared enough supplies for the homeless.（改为would do 结构，表基于迹象的预测）
答案：
The gentleman announced that he would pay off the poor man’s debt.
解析：原句was going to do 表计划，改为would do 后，更侧重正式的承诺，符合announced的正式语境。
She said she was going to bring some homemade food to the charity party.
解析：原句would do 表承诺，改为was going to do 后，强调“提前准备好自制食物”的计划，贴合语境。
They told us they would launch a “integrity is more valuable than money” campaign.
解析：原句was going to do 表计划，改为would do 后，突出“正式发起活动”的安排，符合told的叙事语境。
The old man said he was not going to accept money that he didn’t earn.
解析：原句would do 表意愿，改为was not going to do 后，强调“不接受不义之财”的提前打算，语气更口语化。
5. We knew it would snow, so we prepared enough supplies for the homeless.
解析：原句was going to do 表迹象预测，改为would do 后，仍可表预测，语气更简洁客观。
题型3：单句改错（聚焦两种结构的误用，找出错误并改正）
He said he would going to return the money on time.（____）
2. The dark clouds suggested that it would rain heavily soon.（____）
3. She told me she was going to help me whenever I needed money.（____）
4. They were going to visit the charity organization every month when they lived in the city.（____）
5. The boss announced that the company was going to give a bonus to employees who kept integrity.（____）
答案：
1. 去掉would 或 going to→go
解析：两种结构误用叠加，过去将来时不能同时用would和was/were going to，需删除其一，正确形式为was going to return 或 would return。
2. would→was going to
解析：有“乌云”的迹象表明即将下雨，需用was going to do，符合迹象类语境的用法要求。
3. was going to→would
解析：表“无论何时需要钱都会帮忙”的习惯性意愿，用would do 更合适，符合would表习惯性动作的用法。
4. were going to→would
解析：表“过去每月拜访慈善机构”的习惯性动作，用would do 更准确，was/were going to do 更侧重单次计划，不适合习惯性动作。
5. was going to→would
解析：老板宣布的正式承诺，用would do 语气更正式，符合announced的正式语境要求。
单句语法填空--高级篇
一．语篇语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词（情态动词或过去将来时结构）。
A few years ago, I met a millionaire who shared his views on money and happiness. He told me that he ____1____ (not pursue) money blindly when he was young; instead, he focused on doing what he loved. He said that many people thought money ____2____ bring them happiness, but in fact, it ____3____ not. “You ____4____ learn to distinguish between needs and wants,” he said. “Money ____5____ buy material things, but it ____6____ not buy true friendship or love.” He also mentioned that he ____7____ (donate) most of his money to charity after retiring, because he wanted to help those in need. When I asked him if he regretted his choice, he shook his head and said, “I ____8____ not be happier. Helping others makes me feel truly fulfilled.” His words made me realize that the value of money lies in how we use it, not in how much we have.
答案与解析
答案：would not pursue / was not going to pursue
解析：考查过去将来时。主句told为过去时，宾语从句中用would not pursue或was not going to pursue表示“他当时说自己年轻时不会盲目追求金钱”；would not pursue表单纯的意愿，was not going to pursue表提前的计划，两者均可。
2. 答案：would
解析：考查过去将来时。主句thought为过去时，宾语从句中用would表示“很多人当时认为金钱会给他们带来幸福”，基于过去视角的单纯预测，无计划含义。
3. 答案：could
解析：考查情态动词表可能性。主句为过去时（thought），从句用could not表“事实上，金钱不可能带来幸福”，体现过去的否定推测。
4. 答案：must
解析：考查情态动词表必要性。此处是富翁的建议，意为“你必须学会区分需求和欲望”，must表强烈的必要性，符合语境。
5. 答案：can
解析：考查情态动词表可能性。此处陈述客观事实“金钱能买到物质东西”，用can表现在的可能性，语气客观。
6. 答案：can
解析：考查情态动词表可能性。与前半句对应，表“但金钱不能买到真正的友谊或爱情”，用can not表客观否定可能性。
7. 答案：would donate / was going to donate
解析：考查过去将来时。主句mentioned为过去时，宾语从句中用would donate或was going to donate表示“他当时提到退休后会把大部分钱捐给慈善机构”；would donate表正式承诺，was going to donate表提前计划，两者均可。
8. 答案：could
解析：考查情态动词表程度。could not be happier是固定表达，意为“再幸福不过了”，could此处表程度，符合富翁对自己选择的满意态度。
二．短文改错
阅读下面短文，改正文中的错误。每句最多两处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
Henry, a poor American sailor, arrived in London by an accident.
①____
He had no money and didn’t know anyone in the city, so he will starve to death if no one helped him.
②____
One day, two wealthy gentlemen found him and gave him a million-pound note, tell him that he mustn’t spend it.
③____
They said that they will check on him in a month to see if he could survive with the note.
④____
Henry was confused, but he had no choice but to take the note.
When he walked into a restaurant, the waiter thought he was a beggar and refused to serve him, say that he can not afford the food.
⑤____
Henry had to take out the million-pound note.
The waiter was shocked and apologized immediately, saying that Henry may sit anywhere he liked.
⑥____
Henry realized that the note would bring him many troubles as well as opportunities.
He decided that he should not rely on the note, and he will try to find a job to support himself.
⑦____
答案与解析
答案：去掉an
解析：考查固定搭配错误。by accident为固定短语，意为“偶然”，无需加an，删除an。
2. 答案：will→would
解析：考查过去将来时错误。主句had和didn’t know为过去时，so引导的结果状语从句表过去的未来，用would starve，将will改为would。
3. 答案：tell→telling
解析：考查非谓语动词错误。句子已有谓语动词gave，tell需用非谓语形式，逻辑主语two wealthy gentlemen与tell为主动关系，用telling作伴随状语。
4. 答案：will→would
解析：考查过去将来时错误。主句said为过去时，宾语从句需用过去将来时，将will改为would；此处表绅士们的承诺，用would更符合正式叙事语境。
5. 答案：say→saying；can→could
解析：第一处：句子已有谓语动词refused，say需用非谓语形式saying作伴随状语；第二处：考查情态动词时态错误，主句thought为过去时，从句用could not表过去的否定推测，将can改为could。
6. 答案：may→might / could
解析：考查情态动词时态错误。主句was和apologized为过去时，宾语从句中表过去的许可需用might或could，将may改为might/could。
7. 答案：will→would
解析：考查过去将来时错误。主句decided为过去时，宾语从句中表过去的未来计划，用would try，将will改为would；此处表亨利的单纯意愿，用would更合适。
三．句式转换+翻译
将下列中文句子译为含情态动词或过去将来时的英文句子（提示：根据语境选择合适的语法点，必要时补充引导词）。
1. 我们必须坚守诚信，因为诚信比金钱更宝贵。（情态动词表义务）
2. 他承诺他会尽快偿还所有债务，以证明自己的诚信。（过去将来时，表承诺，用would do）
3. 一个人即使没有很多钱，也可能拥有幸福的生活。（情态动词表可能性）
4. 老师告诉我们，我们应该学会合理管理金钱，而不是盲目追求它。（情态动词表建议；过去将来时，表计划，用was/were going to do）
5. 她当时说，她会把多余的钱捐赠给慈善机构，帮助那些需要帮助的人。（过去将来时，表正式承诺，用would do）
答案与解析
翻译：We must keep our integrity, because integrity is more precious than money. 解析：考查情态动词表义务。“必须”译为must，后接动词原形keep；核心词汇：integrity（诚信）、precious（宝贵的）、keep one’s integrity（坚守诚信）。
2. 翻译：He promised that he would pay off all his debts as soon as possible to prove his integrity.
解析：考查过去将来时（would do）。主句promised为过去时，宾语从句用would pay off（过去将来时）表“承诺的未来动作”，符合would表承诺的用法；核心词汇：pay off debts（偿还债务）、as soon as possible（尽快）、prove（证明）。
3. 翻译：Even if a person doesn’t have much money, he can still have a happy life. 解析：考查情态动词表可能性。“可能”译为can，表客观可能性；核心词汇：even if（即使）、happy life（幸福的生活）。
4. 翻译：The teacher told us that we were going to learn to manage money properly instead of pursuing it blindly.
解析：考查情态动词表建议和过去将来时（was/were going to do）。主句told为过去时，宾语从句用were going to learn表“计划好的学习动作”，符合was/were going to do表计划的用法；核心词汇：manage money properly（合理管理金钱）、instead of（而不是）、pursue blindly（盲目追求）。
5. 翻译：She said at that time that she would donate her extra money to charity to help those in need.
解析：考查过去将来时（would do）。主句said为过去时，宾语从句用would donate（过去将来时）表“当时说的正式承诺”，符合would表正式承诺的用法；核心词汇：extra money（多余的钱）、donate to charity（捐赠慈善）、those in need（需要帮助的人）。
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)/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
人教版必修三Unit 5 The Value of Money 语法专练（核心考点：情态动词、过去将来时）
目录
课本片段精讲篇 --------------------------------------------------------1
单句语法填空初级篇---------------------------------------------------4
单句语法填空高级篇- ------------------------------------------------8
精讲篇
选材：Unit 5 《百万英镑》剧本拓展片段
Two wealthy gentlemen made a bet about whether a man could survive with a million-pound banknote. They found Henry Adams, a poor American sailor who had landed in London by accident. One of the gentlemen said to Henry, “You mustn’t spend the note; you can only use it to prove your identity.” Henry was confused but nodded. He thought he would starve to death if no one accepted the note, but he had no choice but to try. The gentlemen told Henry that they would check on him in a month. When Henry walked into a restaurant, the waiter thought he was a beggar and wanted to drive him away. Henry took out the million-pound note, and the waiter’s attitude suddenly changed—he knew this man could not be a common beggar. He said, “Sir, you may sit wherever you like, and we will serve you the best food.” Henry realized that the note would bring him unexpected changes, but he still decided to keep his integrity.
1. 逐句分析情态动词含义与用法、过去将来时构成与语境
① Two wealthy gentlemen made a bet about whether a man could survive with a million-pound banknote.
——情态动词could（表可能性，“能够”）
解析：could是can的过去式，此处用于宾语从句中，主句时态为过去时（made），从句用could表过去的可能性，说明打赌的核心是“一个人是否能靠百万英镑生存”。
② You mustn’t spend the note; you can only use it to prove your identity.
——情态动词mustn’t（表义务，“禁止”）、can（表许可，“可以”）
解析：mustn’t强调“禁止花费钞票”的义务要求；can此处表许可，说明“只能用钞票证明身份”的限定条件，均符合两位绅士对亨利的规则设定。
③ He thought he would starve to death if no one accepted the note...
——过去将来时would starve（构成：would+动词原形）
解析：主句谓语thought为过去时，宾语从句中用would starve表示“在亨利当时的认知中，未来可能发生的事”，即基于过去视角描述的未来动作，此处无明确计划，仅为单纯预测。
④ The gentlemen told Henry that they would check on him in a month.
——过去将来时would check（构成：would+动词原形）
解析：主句时态为过去时（told），宾语从句中用would check表示“绅士们在过去承诺的、未来要做的事”，语气较正式，符合书面化叙述语境。
⑤ ...he knew this man could not be a common beggar.
——情态动词could not（表可能性，“不可能”）
解析：could not是can not的过去式，此处用于宾语从句中，主句knew为过去时，表“服务员当时判断‘这个人不可能是普通乞丐’”，体现过去的否定推测。
⑥ Sir, you may sit wherever you like...
——情态动词may（表许可，“可以”）
解析：may此处用于服务场景中，表对亨利的许可，语气礼貌，符合服务员态度转变后的语境。
⑦ Henry realized that the note would bring him unexpected changes...
——过去将来时would bring（构成：would+动词原形）
解析：主句realized为过去时，宾语从句中用would bring表示“亨利当时意识到，钞票在未来会给他带来变化”，基于过去视角的单纯预测，无提前计划含义。
2. 核心词汇与固定搭配总结
① 核心词汇：bet（n./v. 打赌）、charity（n. 慈善）、debt（n. 债务）、integrity（n. 诚信）、survive（v. 生存）、identity（n. 身份）、beggar（n. 乞丐）、wealthy（adj. 富有的）、gentleman（n. 绅士）、accident（n. 意外）、serve（v. 服务）
② 固定搭配：
make a bet（打赌）、by accident（偶然）、
prove one’s identity（证明身份）、starve to death（饿死）、
have no choice but to do（别无选择只能做）、check on（查看；核实）、
serve sb. food（为某人提供食物）、keep one’s integrity（坚守诚信）、
pay off debt（偿还债务）、donate to charity（捐赠慈善）
3. 即时练习题
（1）单句填空：选择合适的情态动词（must, can, may, could, should）填入空白处（每空限填一词）
① You ____ pay off your debt on time to keep your credit.
② The poor man thought he ____ not survive the cold winter without help.
③ —____ I use your phone to call my friend —Yes, you may.
④ He ____ have kept his promise; otherwise, no one would trust him now.
⑤ The boss said we ____ finish the task before Friday, or we would be punished.
（2）句式改写：将下列句子中的一般将来时改为过去将来时（保持原意不变）
① He says, “I will donate all the money to charity.”
② She tells me that she is going to pay off her brother’s debt.
③ The gentleman announces, “The winner will get a big prize.”
④ My mother says, “I will prepare a big meal for you when you come back.”
单句语法填空--初级篇
一．单句语法填空+单句改写
（1）单句语法填空：填入合适的情态动词（must, can, may, could, should）或过去将来时结构（每空限填1-3个单词）
1. We ____ save money for unexpected needs.
2. The little girl asked if she ____ borrow some money to buy a book.
3. He told his parents that he ____ (find) a part-time job to earn pocket money.
4. You ____ not spend all your money on unnecessary things; it’s not wise.
5. My father said that he ____ (take) me to the bank to open a savings account next weekend.
（2）单句改写：将下列句子中的一般将来时改为过去将来时（保持原意不变）
6. She says, “I will help the poor boy pay for his education.”
7. The teacher tells us, “We will have a discussion about money management tomorrow.”
8. He announces, “I am going to donate my old clothes to charity.”
9. The shopkeeper says, “I will give you a discount if you buy more.”
10. My sister says, “I will learn to manage my pocket money properly.”
二．单句改错
下列句子均存在一处错误（聚焦情态动词误用、过去将来时与一般将来时混淆），请找出并改正。
1. He said that he will pay back the money he borrowed next month.（____）
2. You must to keep your promise to repay the debt on time.（____）
3. The old man thought that he can not earn enough money to support his family.（____）
4. She told me that she is going to donate some money to the orphanage.（____）
5. You should not to spend the money that belongs to others.（____）
6. The boy said he may use his pocket money to help the homeless.（____）
7. We must finish our work before dark, or we would be punished.（____）
8. My mother told me that I will be able to manage my own money when I grow up.（____）
9. He can borrow my money if he promises to return it on time, I think.（____）（提示：表许可，语气更委婉）
10. The manager said that the company will give a bonus to employees who work hard.（____）
三．短语句式转换
将下列直接引语改为间接引语，注意将一般将来时改为过去将来时，调整人称和时间/地点状语。
1. Tom says, “I will not spend money on things I don’t need.”
2. Mary tells her friend, “My parents will teach me how to manage money.”
3. The teacher says, “We will have a debate about ‘Money and Happiness’ tomorrow.”
4. Jack announces, “I am going to donate half of my pocket money to charity.”
5. Lily says to me, “You will realize that integrity is more important than money.”
6. The old man says, “I will never borrow money from others if I can’t pay it back.”
7. Peter tells us, “My uncle will take me to a bank to open an account next week.”
8. The speaker says, “Money will not bring true happiness to people.”
9. Lucy says, “I am going to save every penny to buy a gift for my mother.”
10. The father says to his son, “You will learn to be responsible for your own money.”
四、专项对比练习篇：过去将来时两种结构（would do vs was/were going to do）
核心区别梳理
1. would do：侧重单纯陈述过去的承诺、意愿或习惯性未来动作，无明确“提前计划”含义，语气较正式，多用于书面语或叙事语境；
2. was/were going to do：侧重表达过去“提前计划好的动作”，或有明显迹象表明即将发生的事，语气较口语化，常暗示计划可能实现或未实现。
题型1：选词填空（从would do 或 was/were going to do 中选择合适结构，并用所给动词的正确形式填空）
1. He ____ (return) the borrowed money the next day, but he suddenly fell ill and failed.
2. The millionaire said he ____ (donate) a large sum of money to the poor area.
3. The sky was dark and cloudy; we ____ (have) a heavy rain, so we decided to postpone the charity sale.
4. She told me that she ____ (save) enough money to help her friend pay off the debt.
5. When he was young, his father ____ (give) him some pocket money every month and taught him to manage it.
6. The shopkeeper promised that he ____ (refund) the money if the product was faulty.
7. They ____ (hold) a money management lecture last weekend, but it was canceled due to low registration.
8. My grandfather said he ____ (teach) me how to distinguish true from false banknotes when I grew up.
题型2：句子改写（根据括号内要求，将句子中的过去将来时结构改写为另一种，保持原意不变）
The gentleman announced that he was going to pay off the poor man’s debt.（改为would do 结构，表正式承诺）
2. She said she would bring some homemade food to the charity party.（改为was/were going to do 结构，表提前计划）
3. They told us they were going to launch a “integrity is more valuable than money” campaign.（改为would do 结构，表正式安排）
4. The old man said he would never accept money that he didn’t earn.（改为was/were going to do 结构，表过去的意愿）
5. We knew it was going to snow, so we prepared enough supplies for the homeless.（改为would do 结构，表基于迹象的预测）
题型3：单句改错（聚焦两种结构的误用，找出错误并改正）
He said he would going to return the money on time.（____）
2. The dark clouds suggested that it would rain heavily soon.（____）
3. She told me she was going to help me whenever I needed money.（____）
4. They were going to visit the charity organization every month when they lived in the city.（____）
5. The boss announced that the company was going to give a bonus to employees who kept integrity.（____）
单句语法填空--高级篇
一．语篇语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词（情态动词或过去将来时结构）。
A few years ago, I met a millionaire who shared his views on money and happiness. He told me that he ____1____ (not pursue) money blindly when he was young; instead, he focused on doing what he loved. He said that many people thought money ____2____ bring them happiness, but in fact, it ____3____ not. “You ____4____ learn to distinguish between needs and wants,” he said. “Money ____5____ buy material things, but it ____6____ not buy true friendship or love.” He also mentioned that he ____7____ (donate) most of his money to charity after retiring, because he wanted to help those in need. When I asked him if he regretted his choice, he shook his head and said, “I ____8____ not be happier. Helping others makes me feel truly fulfilled.” His words made me realize that the value of money lies in how we use it, not in how much we have.
二．短文改错
阅读下面短文，改正文中的错误。每句最多两处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
Henry, a poor American sailor, arrived in London by an accident.
①____
He had no money and didn’t know anyone in the city, so he will starve to death if no one helped him.
②____
One day, two wealthy gentlemen found him and gave him a million-pound note, tell him that he mustn’t spend it.
③____
They said that they will check on him in a month to see if he could survive with the note.
④____
Henry was confused, but he had no choice but to take the note.
When he walked into a restaurant, the waiter thought he was a beggar and refused to serve him, say that he can not afford the food.
⑤____
Henry had to take out the million-pound note.
The waiter was shocked and apologized immediately, saying that Henry may sit anywhere he liked.
⑥____
Henry realized that the note would bring him many troubles as well as opportunities.
He decided that he should not rely on the note, and he will try to find a job to support himself.
⑦____
三．句式转换+翻译
将下列中文句子译为含情态动词或过去将来时的英文句子（提示：根据语境选择合适的语法点，必要时补充引导词）。
1. 我们必须坚守诚信，因为诚信比金钱更宝贵。（情态动词表义务）
2. 他承诺他会尽快偿还所有债务，以证明自己的诚信。（过去将来时，表承诺，用would do）
3. 一个人即使没有很多钱，也可能拥有幸福的生活。（情态动词表可能性）
4. 老师告诉我们，我们应该学会合理管理金钱，而不是盲目追求它。（情态动词表建议；过去将来时，表计划，用was/were going to do）
5. 她当时说，她会把多余的钱捐赠给慈善机构，帮助那些需要帮助的人。（过去将来时，表正式承诺，用would do）
