人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Reading and Thinking课件(共46张PPT，内镶嵌视频)

(共46张PPT)
Reading and Thinking
Unit 4
Adversity and Courage
Teaching objectives
语言能力
思维品质
学习能力
文化意识
掌握与 “逆境、勇气、探险” 相关的核心词汇和短语，能在语境中理解并运用描述人物情感、动作及场景的重点句式。
能快速阅读日记体语篇，梳理 “坚忍号” 南极探险的关键事件，把握文本的整体脉络和结构特点。
能运用所学词汇和句式，描述探险历程、人物情感变化，并用英语表达对“逆境与勇气”主题的初步看法。
能根据日记中的时间线和事件发展，梳理人物行为与处境的逻辑关系，形成对探险历程的完整认知。
能通过分析人物的言行举止，推断其性格特征和心理变化，辩证看待探险行为的价值与意义。
能结合自身经历，思考如何借鉴文本中人物的勇气与智慧，提出应对生活中困难的个性化解决方案。
能熟练运用略读、扫读等阅读技巧，快速定位关键信息，提升获取和梳理文本内容的效率。
能主动查阅生词、补充南极探险相关背景知识，养成课前预习、课后拓展的自主学习习惯。
能积极参与小组讨论，围绕文本主题交流观点、分享见解，在合作中提升语言运用和问题解决能力。
了解 20 世纪初人类南极探险的历史背景，认识西方探险家在极端环境中展现的探索精神和团队协作意识。
对比中外文化中面对逆境的典型案例，理解 “坚韧不拔、勇于担当” 等品质在不同文化中的共通价值。
认同文本中人物展现的勇气、责任与坚守等优秀品质，树立积极面对困难的人生态度，增强文化自信和精神力量。
01
Lead-in
Great works are performed not by strength, but perseverance.
—Samuel Johnson
伟大的成就并非源于力量，而是源于坚持不懈。
——塞缪尔·约翰逊
塞缪尔·约翰逊（1709年9月7日－1784年12月3日），英国作家、文学评论家、诗人，出生于斯塔福德郡利奇菲尔德。1728年入牛津大学学习，因贫困于1731年辍学。1755年编纂完成《英语大辞典》，该辞典系统规范英语词汇拼写与释义，被视作现代英语词典奠基之作。1764年协助约书亚·雷诺兹创立文学俱乐部，聚集詹姆斯·鲍斯韦尔、奥利弗·哥尔德斯密斯、埃德蒙·伯克等文化界人士 。
1737年起为《绅士杂志》撰写文章，1750年创建文学周刊《漫步者》。文学创作涵盖诗歌、散文与传记，代表作品包括长诗《伦敦》（1738年）、哲理诗《人类欲望的虚幻》（1749年）及小说《阿比西尼亚王子》（1759年）。1775年出版《苏格兰西部诸岛纪游》，记录当地风土与历史观察 。晚年编注《莎士比亚戏剧集》（1765年），完成《诗人传》收录52位英国诗人评传。1784年逝世后安葬于威斯敏斯特教堂。
Look and discuss
1 What happened to the ship in the photo
2 How would you feel and what would you do if you were on this ship
This ship in the photo looks like it has got stuck in some ice.
If I were on that ship, I would feel worried because it is probably far from any land or town and one could run out of supplies quickly. Although it might be best to stay on the ship and wait for help to come, I think I would leave and try to find help, because no one would find you in such a place. Any rescue ship would face the same problem!
02
Pre-reading
Watch the video
1
According to the advertisement, what kind of men was Ernest Shackleton looking for
Read this advertisement that was posted by a famous British explorer.
Discuss the questions with your group members.
According to the advertisement, Shackleton was looking for men who were not interested in money or comfort, but in honour and achievement, which cannot be bought.
Would you like to join an expedition like this Why or why not
I would like to join an expedition like this. Although it would be extremely tough, the sense of achievement I would get from doing it would be worth it. I don't think I could get the same feeling from anything else.
1
Read this advertisement that was posted by a famous British explorer.
Discuss the questions with your group members.
Born in 1874 in Ireland, Shackleton left school at 16 and then joined the NW Shipping Company, becoming a master mariner in 1898. Before captaining the ship Endurance, Shackleton accompanied Robert Scott on the Discovery expedition and also led the Nimrod expedition, both of which went to Antarctica. Although the Endurance expedition was a failure, there was no loss of life, thanks to Shackleton's daring rescue mission. Shackleton died from a heart attack in 1922 while on the Quest expedition. He is celebrated as one of the world's greatest explorers, and the Endurance expedition story is said by many to be the greatest rescue mission of all time.
沙克尔顿于 1874 年出生在爱尔兰，16 岁时就辍学了，随后加入了西北航运公司，于 1898 年成为了一名资深船员。在担任“坚韧号”船长之前，沙克尔顿曾陪同罗伯特·斯科特参加了“发现号”探险队，还领导了“伊莫罗德”探险队，这两支队伍都前往了南极洲。尽管“坚韧号”探险队失败了，但没有人员伤亡，这要归功于沙克尔顿大胆的救援行动。沙克尔顿于 1922 年在“欧斯特”探险队中因心脏病发作去世。他被誉为世界上最伟大的探险家之一，而“坚韧号”探险队的故事据说也是有史以来最伟大的救援行动。
Look at the title and the picture, and answer the following questions.
2. What is the type of the text
A. exposition (说明文)
B. argumentation (议论文)
C. narrative (记叙文)
1. What rhetorical device (修辞手法) is used in the article title
Oxymoron 矛盾修辞法
Oxymoron（矛盾修辞法） 是一种将两个意义相反或矛盾的词紧密结合，以表达复杂情感、强化语义或创造独特修辞效果的修辞手法。
常见类型及例句
形容词 + 名词
cruel kindness（残忍的仁慈） living death（行尸走肉）
副词 + 形容词
terribly glad（喜极而泣） falsely true（似假还真）
动词 + 副词
hurry slowly（不紧不慢地赶） shout silently（无声地呐喊）
表达效果
精准传递复杂情感：用简洁的矛盾组合，表达难以用单一词汇描述的复杂心理，如 “sweet sorrow”（甜蜜的忧伤）精准刻画离别时的矛盾心情。
增强语言表现力：通过语义冲突制造反差感，吸引读者注意力，使表达更生动、深刻，让读者产生强烈的情感共鸣。
引发深层思考：矛盾的表述促使读者深入思考事物的两面性，如 “open secret”（公开的秘密），揭示事物表面与本质的差异。
记叙文（Narrative Writing）是一种以叙述为主要表达方式，通过讲述故事、描写人物、叙述事件来表达思想情感、传递主题意义的文体。
核心特征：
六要素完整：时间（time）、地点（place）、人物（characters）、事件的起因（cause）、经过（process）和结果（result）。
叙事视角清晰：常用第一人称（I/we）增强真实性，或第三人称（he/she/they）拓展叙事空间。
情节有逻辑：遵循 “开端（beginning）- 发展（development）- 高潮（climax）- 结局（ending）” 的叙事结构。
高频考点
（一）阅读考点
梳理情节脉络：快速定位叙事六要素，理清事件发展的时间线和逻辑关系。
分析人物形象：通过人物的语言、动作、心理描写，概括人物性格特征和情感变化。
把握主题思想：结合情节和人物行为，提炼文本传递的情感、道理或价值观。
（二）写作考点
结构完整：遵循规范叙事结构，确保情节连贯、逻辑清晰，避免内容碎片化。
细节生动：运用动作、神态、心理等细节描写，增强文章的画面感和感染力。
情感真挚：通过情节推进和细节刻画，自然流露情感，传递明确的主题思想。
阅读与写作技巧
（一）阅读技巧
略读抓主线：快速浏览开头和结尾，把握故事核心事件和主题方向。
扫读找细节：定位时间词、人物动作词，梳理情节发展的关键节点。
精读析深意：聚焦高潮部分和人物关键言行，挖掘文本背后的情感和主题。
（二）写作技巧
开头引入：用场景描写、悬念设置或直接点题的方式，快速吸引读者注意力。
细节刻画：多用动词和形容词，少用抽象概括，让人物和情节更具体可感。
结尾升华：通过感悟、启示或情感总结，升华文章主题，增强感染力。
03
While-reading
Skim the text and match the main idea with each part.
Para.1
Diary1
Diary2
How “We” abandoned the ship
How “We” struggled to survive on Elephant Island.
Introduction to the expedition
Diary3
How “I” joined the expedition
Read para.1 and find the basic information about the expedition.
who: .
where: To .
how: ______________________
when: ____________
in 1914
Antarctica
Sir Ernest Shackleton
Perce Blackborow
the ship Endurance
Read diary 1 and find out how Blackborow joined the expedition. Fill in the blanks.
1. happened to read __________________
2. _____________to join the expedition
3. _________ him _______
4. secretly ______________
5. _____________him to be a steward
applied
turned
down
assigned
went aboard
the advertisement
Linking words:
At the very beginning, then, however, later, finally
Read dairy 2 and answer the following questions.
1. What happened to Endurance
2. What did the crew members have to do before they left the ship
3. Why did Shackleton throw away all his gold
They rescued their most essential supplies.
The ship Endurance became stuck in the ice and crushed by the ice and finally sank.
They were not allowed to take most personal belongings, and he set a good example for others.
Read dairy 3 and choose the best answers.
1. Why didn't Shackleton take all the members to South Georgia Island to find help
A. It is too distant.
B. It was too dangerous and the boat was too small.
C. It had no hope.
D. He wanted to survive alone.
2.What did the crew members do to make sure they could survive
A. Caught sea animals to eat. B. Thought of happier things.
C. Encouraged each other. D. all of the above.
3. What did the writer speak highly of Frank and Ernest
A. Their concern for others. B. Their resolve.
C. Their perseverance. D. All of the above.
Read the text and answer the questions.
2
1 How did Blackborow come to join the expedition
2 What happened to Endurance What did the crew members have to do
3 What did Shackleton do to make sure they could survive
Blackborow tried to join the expedition by applying but was rejected for lack of
experience. So, he hid on the ship and was later discovered. Shackleton let him have a job rather than turn back.
Endurance got stuck in ice as it approached Antarctica. The ship got crushed and the crew had to abandon it. The crew had to collect essential supplies and camp on the ice.
Shackleton made sure they survived by leaving with a few men to find help. It was too dangerous for all the men to go.
04
Post-reading
What do the highlighted words mean Use your own words to explain them.
3
The word “vigour” means health and energy.
The phrase “turned ... down” means to reject or refuse something or someone.
The word “crushed” means to be squeezed until damaged.
The phrase “keep our spirits up” means to stay positive usually in a bad situation.
The word “miserable” means very unhappy or uncomfortable.
The word “cosy” means very comfortable, safe, and warm.
Read the text again and discuss the questions with your partner.
4
Infer character traits and emotions
To infer means to guess something based on the evidence. When inferring character traits and emotions in a story, you need to look at the characters' words and actions. What do these tell us about their personal qualities and feelings
推断人物性格和情绪
“推断”指的是根据现有证据来猜测某些事物。在分析故事中的人物性格和情绪时，你需要关注人物的言语和行为。这些会向我们透露关于他们个人品质和情感的哪些信息呢？
Read the text again and discuss the questions with your partner.
4
1 How did Blackborow's feelings about being on the expedition change as the days passed
2 What personal qualities did Shackleton, Wild, and Blackborow exhibit Find examples from the text to support your answers.
Blackborow's feeling about being on the expedition changed from enthusiasm at the start to fear and extreme discomfort after Endurance got stuck.
Shackleton showed kindness when he allowed Blackborow to stay on the ship and gave him a job. He showed calmness when he asked the crew to collect essentials. He showed he was not selfish when he left his gold behind, but showed he was thinking of others' feelings by allowing Hussey to keep his banjo. He showed great bravery by setting off to find help for the rest of the crew. Wild was shown to be kind when he tried to lift Blackborow's spirits. Blackborow was enthusiastic at first making sure he got on the expedition. Although he felt low later, he tried to think about better things, showing again his positive character.
Imagine you are Perce Blackborow. Write a message in a bottle to explain your situation and ask for help.
5
Help! My shipmates and I are trapped on Elephant Island, near South Georgia Island. We have no decent place to sleep and almost no food and water. Please send help as soon as possible!
Yours faithfully,
Perce Blackborow of the Sir Ernest Shackleton expedition to the South Pole
05
Vocabulary
turn sb. down 拒绝（某人）
例句：She had to turn him down because she already had other plans for the
weekend. 她不得不拒绝他，因为周末已经有其他安排了。
用法拓展
宾语位置：若宾语是代词（如 him/her/them），需放在 turn 和 down 之间；若为名词，可放在中间或后面。
正确：turn it down /turn down the request
错误：turn down it
语域：属于口语化短语，适用于日常对话、书信等非正式场景，书面语中可替换为 refuse/reject。
同义替换：refuse sb. / reject sb.'s proposal / decline an invitation
enthusiastic adj. 热情的，热心的
例句：She is enthusiastic about learning English and practices every day.
她对学习英语充满热情，每天都坚持练习。
be enthusiastic about (doing) sth. 对（做）某事热情
例句：He is enthusiastic about playing basketball and joins the school team.
他对打篮球充满热情，加入了校队。
enthusiasm (n.) 热情；热忱
例句：Her enthusiasm for music inspired everyone around her.
她对音乐的热情感染了身边的每一个人。
enthusiastically (adv.) 热情地；热心地
例句：The children waved enthusiastically as the parade passed by.
游行队伍经过时，孩子们热情地挥手致意。
aboard adv./prep. 上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）
例句：She walked aboard the ship and waved goodbye to her family.
她登上轮船，向家人挥手告别。
go aboard 上船 / 飞机 / 车
例句：We will go aboard the train at 8 o'clock tomorrow morning.
我们明天早上 8 点将登上火车。
abroad (adv.) 在国外；到国外（形近易混词，常与 aboard 混淆）
例句：He decided to study abroad after graduating from high school.
他高中毕业后决定去国外留学。
board (v./n.) 上（船、飞机等）；木板；董事会
例句：She boarded the bus quickly to avoid being late.
她迅速上了公交车，以免迟到。
assign v. 分派，布置，分配
例句：The teacher assigned us a lot of homework over the weekend.
老师给我们布置了很多周末作业。
assign sb. sth. 给某人分配 / 布置某物
例句：The professor assigned us a research paper at the beginning of the term.
学期初，教授给我们布置了一篇研究论文。
assign sth. to sb. 把某物分配 / 布置给某人
例句：The company assigned an important client to her because of her excellent
communication skills.
由于她出色的沟通能力，公司把一位重要客户分配给了她。
assign v. 分派，布置，分配
assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事
例句：The boss assigned him to organize the annual company meeting.
老板指派他组织公司年度会议。
assignment (n.) 任务；作业；分配
例句：I have to finish my English assignment before tomorrow morning.
我必须在明天早上之前完成英语作业。
assignable (adj.) 可分配的；可指派的
例句：These tasks are assignable to any member of the team.
这些任务可以分配给团队中的任何成员。
envy n./v. 羡慕，嫉妒
例句：She felt a twinge of envy when she saw her friend's new bike.
看到朋友的新自行车，她感到一阵羡慕。
I envy you your ability to speak English so fluently.
我羡慕你能说一口流利的英语。
feel envy at/for sth. 对某事感到羡慕 / 嫉妒
例句：Many people feel envy for his talent and achievements.
很多人羡慕他的才华和成就。
be the envy of sb. 成为某人羡慕的对象
例句：His new smartphone is the envy of all his colleagues.
他的新手机是所有同事羡慕的对象。
envy n./v. 羡慕，嫉妒
envy sb. sth. 羡慕某人某物
例句：I envy her her beautiful voice and stage presence.
我羡慕她优美的嗓音和舞台表现力。
envious (adj.) 羡慕的；嫉妒的
例句：She is envious of her sister's good luck in finding a great job.
她羡慕姐姐运气好，找到了一份好工作。
enviously (adv.) 羡慕地；嫉妒地
例句：They looked enviously at the winners receiving their awards.
他们羡慕地看着获奖者领取奖杯。
skin v. 沉没，下沉，下降；使下沉，使沉没
例句：The old ship slowly sank to the bottom of the sea after hitting the rock.
那艘旧船触礁后，慢慢沉入了海底。
sink in （消息、想法等）被充分理解；渗入
例句：It took a few moments for the bad news to sink in.
过了好几分钟，这个坏消息才被完全接受。
sink into 陷入（某种状态）；沉入
例句：She sank into deep sadness after hearing the tragic news.
听到这个悲惨的消息后，她陷入了深深的悲痛之中。
sinking (n.) 沉没，下沉；(adj.) 下沉的，令人担忧的
例句：The sinking of the Titanic remains one of the most famous maritime
disasters in history. 泰坦尼克号的沉没仍是历史上最著名的海难之一。
abandon v. 舍弃，抛弃，放弃
例句：The sailors had to abandon the burning ship and escape in lifeboats.
水手们不得不舍弃燃烧的船只，乘救生艇逃生。
abandon oneself to 沉湎于；放纵于
例句：He abandoned himself to grief after his grandmother passed away.
祖母去世后，他沉浸在悲痛之中。
abandon hope (of doing sth.) 放弃（做某事的）希望
例句：They did not abandon hope of finding the missing child.
他们没有放弃找到失踪孩子的希望。
with abandon 放纵地；尽情地
abandon v. 舍弃，抛弃，放弃
例句：The children ran and laughed with abandon in the playground.
孩子们在操场上尽情地奔跑欢笑。
abandoned (adj.) 被遗弃的；废弃的；放纵的
例句：We found an abandoned house in the middle of the forest.
我们在森林深处发现了一所废弃的房子。
abandonment (n.) 放弃；遗弃
例句：The abandonment of the project caused a lot of controversy.
这个项目的放弃引发了诸多争议。
decent adj. 相当不错的，正派的，得体的
例句： The hotel we stayed in was decent and not too expensive.
我们住的那家酒店相当不错，价格也不贵。
decent amount of 相当数量的
例句：She spent a decent amount of time preparing for the English exam.
她花了相当多的时间准备英语考试。
decently (adv.) 得体地；正派地；相当不错地
例句：He dressed decently for the job interview and made a good impression.
他穿着得体地去参加面试，给人留下了好印象。
decency (n.) 得体；正派；庄重
例句：We should always maintain a sense of decency in social interactions.
在社交场合中，我们应始终保持得体庄重。
例句： This is a genuine antique vase, not a modern copy.
这是一个真正的古董花瓶，不是现代仿制品。
She gave me a genuine smile when I helped her pick up the books.
我帮她捡书时，她给了我一个真诚的微笑。
genuinely (adv.) 真诚地；真正地
例句：I genuinely believe that hard work will pay off in the end.
我真诚地相信努力最终会有回报。
genuineness (n.) 真诚；真实
例句：The genuineness of his apology made her forgive him immediately.
他道歉的真诚让她立刻原谅了他。
genuine adj. 真正的，真诚的，可信赖的
例句：Her perseverance in learning English finally paid off, and she got high
marks in the exam. 她学习英语的毅力终于有了回报，考试取得了高分。
show perseverance in (doing) sth. 在（做）某事中表现出毅力
例句：He showed perseverance in practicing the piano, even when he felt tired.
即使感到疲惫，他在练习钢琴时也表现出了毅力。
with perseverance 凭借毅力；坚持不懈地
例句：She finished the challenging project with perseverance and won praise from
her boss. 她凭借毅力完成了这个有挑战性的项目，赢得了老板的表扬。
perseverance n. 毅力，韧性，不屈不挠的精神
test one's perseverance 考验某人的毅力
例句：The long-distance race tested the athletes' perseverance to the limit.
这场长跑比赛把运动员的毅力考验到了极限。
persevere (v.) 坚持；不屈不挠
例句：No matter how hard it is, you must persevere until you achieve your goal.
无论有多难，你都必须坚持下去，直到实现目标。
persevering (adj.) 坚持不懈的；有毅力的
例句：He is a persevering student who never gives up easily.
他是个坚持不懈的学生，从不轻易放弃。
resolve v. 决定，决心，解决（问题或困难）；n. 决心，坚定信念
例句：She resolved to study harder after failing the math exam.
数学考试失利后，她决心更加努力学习。
With great resolve, he overcame all the difficulties and succeeded.
凭借坚定的决心，他克服了所有困难，取得了成功。
resolve to do sth. 决心做某事
例句：He resolved to give up smoking for the sake of his health.
为了健康，他决心戒烟。
resolve a problem/conflict 解决问题 / 冲突
例句：The manager called a meeting to resolve the customer's complaint.
经理召开会议，解决顾客的投诉问题。
with resolve 带着决心；坚定地
例句：She faced the challenge with resolve and refused to give up.
她坚定地面对挑战，拒绝放弃。
resolute (adj.) 坚决的；坚定的
例句：He is a resolute leader who always sticks to his decisions.
他是个坚决的领导者，总是坚持自己的决定。
resolutely (adv.) 坚决地；坚定地
例句：They resolutely opposed the unfair plan and fought for their rights.
他们坚决反对这个不公平的计划，为自己的权利而抗争。
resolution (n.) 决心；决议；解决
例句：She made a New Year's resolution to read 50 books this year.
她立下新年决心，今年要读 50 本书。
06
Homework
1. Complete the exercises at the end of the class.
2. Preview pages 40 to 41 of Unit 4.