Unit 4 Changing and Growing 词汇、短语和句型背记
一、核心词汇
英文单词 音标 中文释义 词性 备注(常见搭配/例句提示)
sense /sens/ 感觉;感官;意识到 n./v. 名词义:five senses(五官);动词义:sense danger(察觉到危险)
stress /stres/ 压力;强调 n./v. 名词义:schoolwork stress(学业压力);动词义:stress the importance(强调重要性)
control /k n tr l/ 控制;管理 v./n. 动词义:control stress(调节压力);名词义:lose control(失控)
flu /flu / 流感 n. 不可数名词,have the flu(得流感)
lonely / l nli/ 孤独的;寂寞的 adj. 强调情感孤独,feel lonely(感到孤独)
regret /r gret/ 后悔;遗憾 v./n. 动词义:regret doing sth.(后悔做过某事);名词义:express regret(表达遗憾)
breath /breθ/ 呼吸;气息 n. 不可数名词,take a deep breath(深呼吸)
upset / p set/ 难过的;使心烦 adj./v. 形容词义:feel upset(感到难过);动词义:upset sb.(让某人心烦)
nervous / n v s/ 紧张的;焦虑的 adj. be nervous about(对……紧张)
message / mes d / 信息;消息 n. 可数名词,send a message(发信息)
mistake /m ste k/ 错误;失误 n. 可数名词,make a mistake(犯错误)
failure / fe lj (r)/ 失败 n. 不可数名词,fear failure(害怕失败)
pressure / pre (r)/ 压力;压迫 n. 不可数名词,peer pressure(同龄人压力)
period / p ri d/ 时期;阶段 n. 可数名词,a difficult period(困难时期)
teenage / ti ne d / 青少年的 adj. teenage years(青少年时期)
teenager / ti ne d (r)/ 青少年 n. 可数名词,a 15-year-old teenager(15岁的青少年)
develop /d vel p/ 发展;发育;养成 v. develop a habit(养成习惯);develop skills(培养技能)
character / k r kt (r)/ 性格;角色 n. 可数名词,good character(良好性格)
purpose / p p s/ 目的;意图 n. 可数名词,reading with a purpose(带着目的阅读)
courage / k r d / 勇气;胆量 n. 不可数名词,have the courage to do(有勇气做某事)
confident / k nf d nt/ 自信的 adj. be confident in(对……自信)
absent / bs nt/ 缺席的;不在的 adj. be absent from(缺席……)
moment / m m nt/ 片刻;瞬间 n. 可数名词,at the moment(此刻)
disappointed / d s p nt d/ 失望的;沮丧的 adj. be disappointed about(对……失望)
honest / n st/ 诚实的;坦诚的 adj. be honest with sb.(对某人坦诚)
spare /spe (r)/ 抽出(时间);空闲的 v./adj. 动词义:spare time(抽出时间);形容词义:spare time(空闲时间)
warn /w n/ 警告;告诫 v. warn sb. not to do sth.(警告某人不要做某事)
allow / la / 允许;准许 v. allow sb. to do sth.(允许某人做某事)
suggest /s d est/ 建议;提议 v. suggest doing sth.(建议做某事)
solve /s lv/ 解决;解答 v. solve problems(解决问题)
argue / ɑ gju / 争论;争辩 v. argue with sb.(与某人争论)
relationship /r le n p/ 关系;联系 n. 可数名词,family relationship(家庭关系)
similar / s m l (r)/ 相似的;类似的 adj. be similar to(与……相似)
challenge / t l nd / 挑战;考验 n./v. 名词义:face challenges(面对挑战);动词义:challenge oneself(挑战自己)
balanced / b l nst/ 平衡的 adj. a balanced life(平衡的生活)
manage / m n d / 管理;设法做到 v. manage time(管理时间);manage to do sth.(设法做成某事)
review /r vju / 复习;回顾 v./n. 动词义:review lessons(复习功课);名词义:a book review(书评)
advice / d va s/ 建议;忠告 n. 不可数名词,ask for advice(征求建议)
receive /r si v/ 收到;接收 v. receive a letter(收到一封信)
joy /d / 喜悦;快乐 n. 不可数名词,fill with joy(充满喜悦)
successful /s k sesfl/ 成功的 adj. 派生词(success + ful),a successful student(成功的学生)
harmful / hɑ mfl/ 有害的 adj. be harmful to(对……有害)
helpful / helpfl/ 有帮助的;有益的 adj. be helpful to(对……有帮助)
useless / ju sl s/ 无用的;无效的 adj. 派生词(use + less),useless advice(无用的建议)
careful / ke fl/ 小心的;仔细的 adj. be careful with(小心……)
careless / ke l s/ 粗心的;疏忽的 adj. 派生词(care + less),a careless mistake(粗心的错误)
二、重点短语
英文短语 中文释义 搭配/例句
take a deep breath 深呼吸 She took a deep breath before giving the speech.(演讲前她深呼吸了一下。)
have the flu 得流感 He has the flu and can’t go to school.(他得了流感,不能去上学了。)
keep in touch with 与……保持联系 We should keep in touch with our old friends.(我们应该和老朋友保持联系。)
get along with 与……相处 She gets along well with her classmates.(她和同学们相处得很好。)
deal with 处理;应对 How do you deal with growing pains (你如何应对成长的烦恼?)
sign up for 报名参加 He signed up for the music club last month.(他上个月报名参加了音乐俱乐部。)
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 The teacher advised me to read more books.(老师建议我多读书。)
in public 公开地;在公共场合 Don’t speak loudly in public.(不要在公共场合大声说话。)
argue with sb. 与某人争论 She often argues with her brother about small things.(她经常和弟弟为小事争论。)
little by little 渐渐地;逐渐地 Little by little, she became more confident.(渐渐地,她变得更自信了。)
be busy with 忙于…… He is busy with his homework now.(他现在忙于做作业。)
at a loss 困惑;不知所措 I was at a loss when I faced the difficult problem.(面对这个难题,我不知所措。)
look forward to 期待;盼望 I look forward to hearing from you.(我期待收到你的来信。)
compare...with... 把……与……相比 Don’t compare yourself with others.(不要把自己和别人比较。)
fall behind 落后;跟不上 If you don’t study hard, you will fall behind.(如果你不努力学习,就会落后。)
make a difference 有影响;起作用 Your support can make a big difference.(你的支持会有很大影响。)
take part in 参加;参与 She took part in the school drama show.(她参加了校园戏剧表演。)
in order to 为了;以便 He studies hard in order to get good grades.(他努力学习是为了取得好成绩。)
face up to 勇敢面对 We should face up to our mistakes.(我们应该勇敢面对自己的错误。)
learn from 从……学习 We can learn a lot from our experiences.(我们可以从经历中学到很多。)
grow up 长大;成长 What do you want to be when you grow up (你长大后想成为什么?)
set a goal 设定目标 She set a goal to improve her English.(她设定了提高英语的目标。)
三、核心句型
句型结构 中文释义 例句 备注(用法说明)
What’s the problem with sb. 某人遇到什么问题了? —What’s the problem with Li Hong —She failed the English exam.(—李红遇到什么问题了?—她英语考试不及格。) 询问他人的困难或麻烦,同义句:What’s wrong with sb.
How do you deal with... 你如何处理……? —How do you deal with stress —I often listen to music.(—你如何应对压力?—我经常听音乐。) 询问处理问题的方式,同义句:What do you do with...
I regret doing sth. 我后悔做了某事。 I regret staying up late last night.(我后悔昨晚熬夜了。) regret后接动名词,表“后悔做过某事”
It’s important for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事很重要。 It’s important for teenagers to communicate with their parents.(对青少年来说,和父母沟通很重要。) it为形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式
Why not + 动词原形 为什么不……呢?(提建议) Why not share your feelings with your friends (为什么不和你的朋友分享你的感受呢?) 表委婉建议,语气亲切自然
Sb. be afraid to do sth. 某人害怕做某事。 She is afraid to speak in public.(她害怕在公共场合说话。) 强调因害怕而不敢做某事
Sb. spend time (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间做某事。 He spends two hours (in) reading every day.(他每天花两小时读书。) in可省略,后接动名词
As time goes by, ... 随着时间的推移,…… As time goes by, we grow up and become more mature.(随着时间的推移,我们长大并变得更成熟。) 描述随时间变化的情况
Although..., ... 虽然……,但是…… Although he made a mistake, he didn’t give up.(虽然他犯了一个错误,但他没有放弃。) 引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用
Sb. be busy with sth. / (in) doing sth. 某人忙于(做)某事。 She is busy with her project. / She is busy (in) preparing for the exam.(她忙于她的项目。/ 她忙于准备考试。) 两种搭配均可,in可省略