北京市丰台区2024-2025学年高二上学期期末英语试题 （ 含答案）

丰台区2024~2025学年度第一学期期末练习
高二英语
2025.01
考生须知
1. 答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。
2. 本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。
3. 请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。
4. 本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。
笔试（共三部分100分）
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I was just a kid, my mother would frequently take me to our local community centre to play with my friends. One sunny afternoon, when we were playing outside, one of my friends brought a visiting relative, who clung to (紧紧抓住) his cousin like a shadow, eyes wide with ____1____.
He had a speech impediment (障碍) and couldn’t get his mouth to ____2____. He couldn’t even say the name of the town where he lived. I had never seen someone stutter (结巴) like that. I thought he must have been joking, so I ____3____. My friend shot me a concerned glance, but my giggles (咯咯笑) continued. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw my mother looking at me with a(n) ___4___ I’d never seen before. It was a mix of horror, anger, and shame, all focused on me, which stopped my laughing instantly.
She waved me over with seriousness that left no room for ____5____. She told me how wrong it was to laugh at someone’s struggle, and how there was never an excuse for such behavior. She asked me to apologize to the boy, give him a hug, and tell him that I love him.
My heart ____6____, a mix of regret and fear of my peers’ judgement eating away at me. But my mother’s look, a silent yet powerful force, left me no other option. With trembling steps, I approached the boy and gave him a(n) ___7___ hug. I think I ___8___ him by grabbing him like that, but when he realized that I was trying to hug him, his body relaxed and he hugged me back.
“Uh... also uh... I love you...” I tried to say it as insincerely as I could get away with and half-smiled as I spoke. I was still hugging the boy, so he couldn’t see the unnatural look on my youthful face.
But then the boy hugged me tighter and whispered in my ear ____9____, without a stutter and without hesitation.
“I love you, too!” There was such softness and _____10_____ in his voice, and just like that, I thought I would start crying.
1. A. nervousness B. determination C. confusion D. amazement
2. A. respond B. move C. recover D. cooperate
3. A. smiled B. laughed C. jumped D. screamed
4. A. manner B. vision C. mood D. expression
5. A. performance B. forgiveness C. improvement D. hesitation
6. A. sank B. beat C. ached D. broke
7. A. soft B. awkward C. formal D. strong
8. A. inspired B. comforted C. shocked D. angered
9. A. proudly B. modestly C. sincerely D. patiently
10. A. confidence B. firmness C. courage D. calmness
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
By sending seeds on short trips into space, China is developing new crop varieties, ____11____ (contribute) to the advancement of agricultural science. This process exposes seeds to cosmic radiation (宇宙辐射), which changes their genes and leads to the creation of new varieties with greater diversity. Since China’s first experiment in August 1987, the country ____12____ (send) seeds from thousands of plant species into space using satellites and spacecraft, ____13____ resulted in the development of nearly 1,000 new plant varieties, including grains, vegetables and fruits.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Chocolate fans will soon be able to create Willy Wonka-style rooms in their house, using a newly ____14____ (develop) chocolate paint. The spreadable “chocolate paint” uses real chocolate. It has been created by paint technicians in Scotland and it can be thinned down by mixing with water. People who choose ____15____ (decorate) their walls with the paint will need to re-do them regularly because the chocolate ____16____ (natural) fades over time as it reacts with oxygen in the air.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A young supercycler Aleksandr, who is 11 years old, has raised more than 4,000 ____17____ charity after cycling 217 miles through Switzerland’s mountains. He ____18____ (inspire) to take on this challenge after a recent trip to South Africa with his family, where he saw ____19____ less fortunate people lived. Aleksandr’s money will go towards World Vision UK, a charity that supports children around the world. He said that the cycle was full of ____20____ (difficulty) but he wanted to help improve the lives of other children.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
United Nations Online Leadership Training Program
Event Objectives
The United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) is delighted to offer the UN Online Training Program. It aims to offer the global youth the chance to gain first-hand experience of the United Nations and will provide them with the necessary knowledge and skills to fully unfold their potential as global leaders.
Participants
This program is specially designed for university students, high school students and other ambitious young leaders of similar background.
Content and Structure
The program consists of a 4-week e-learning course, including 2 different modules (模块), which can be studied in a self-paced manner.
Module 1: Leadership Skills
Module 2: The Sustainable Development Goals
The total number of online courses will be about 5 hours per week. Several 1.5 hour live-webinars (线上研讨会) will be delivered through the e-learning platform by UN experts. Additionally, there will be one 3.5 hour e-workshop per week. Participants have enough chances to exchange views with experts and fellows to gain a thorough understanding of the United Nations.
Methodology
The program will be run from UNITAR’s e-learning platform, where announcements and relevant links to activities will be posted. The platform will also contain online reading materials, interactive quizzes as well as pre-recorded videos, which participants are free to study anytime.
Registration
To register, kindly click on one of the links below and follow these steps:
1. On the event page, click on “registration”. The program will then be added to your shopping cart.
2. Click on the “check out” button and choose payment method: (i) credit card or (ii) bank transfer.
Additional information
The participants are responsible to ensure they are in possession of the basic necessary hardware, software and connectivity to engage in online training activities.
21. Who would be most qualified for the UN Online Leadership Training Program
A. A middle-aged official from a UN member state.
B. A staff member employed by the United Nations.
C. A university student with an interest in global issues.
D. An experienced professional in international relations.
22. In the UN Online Leadership Training Program participants will _________.
A. follow strict learning schedules B. get chances to interact with others
C. take the courses for free D. choose modules of their own interest
23. What’s the main purpose of the passage
A. To introduce course arrangements.
B. To promote an educational program.
C. To highlight the impact of the UN program.
D. To discuss the importance of leadership skills.
B
My school was nestled in a remote village in central Sri Lanka. When handball was introduced to Sri Lankan schools in 2010,I wanted to bring it to my school. As a new sport, I foresaw it as a golden opportunity for our school as we had never secured a place in traditional sports.
A group of boys were immediately interested and 40 students signed up to play. I had the support of their parents but I still couldn’t convince the sports teacher to agree. Ultimately, Heshan, a boy who graduated some nine years earlier, agreed to coach the team. He was a member of a handball team and he assigned exercises and drills to do in his absence. Although handball is an indoor game, we trained outdoors as our school had limited facilities. Training started early in the morning before class and continued after school until it was dark.
After three months of wholehearted training, we were able to send the team to compete with 50 other schools at the all-island school handball tournament held in Colombo — the country’s most populous city. Our boys played remarkably well and reached the semifinals. And that was when the real game started.
People from Colombo schools joined forces against us, saying they wouldn’t allow the cup to be taken out of Colombo. They considered it a shame to lose a match against boys from a rural village school who couldn’t even speak English. Even the referees favoured the Colombo schools, resulting in our team being far away from the victory we deserved. Defeated, the boys fell to the ground, sad and disappointed. Heshan and I were angry.
A few weeks after the defeat, Heshan and I met the national handball coach to discuss our treatment by the referees. He apologised and offered to send a Korean professional handball coach to our school for two weeks’ training.
The following year, nobody could stop our team from winning the all-island schools handball championship. Unexpectedly, media attention was drawn to the tournament. A member of the School Handball Association invited me to provide commentary on the tournament in English on a television channel. I found this rather ironic that they chose a teacher from a remote village school to provide commentary in English.
Heshan and I were extremely proud to have shown the boys that dreams can be fulfilled.
24. Why did the author introduce handball to his school
A. To improve the students’ sports skills.
B. To demonstrate its growing popularity.
C. To raise the school’s reputation in sports.
D. To secure opportunities for traditional sports.
25. What was the biggest problem the team encountered during the tournament
A. Not gaining fair treatment.
B. Not having enough practice.
C. Not forming a desired team spirit.
D. Not getting enough support from parents.
26. How did the author feel when he was invited to comment on TV channel
A. Confused but grateful. B. Astonished but honored.
C. Nervous but confident. D. Embarrassed but fortunate.
27. What can we conclude from this passage
A. Perseverance can be rewarded.
B. Innovation is the soul of progress.
C. Prejudice is the child of ignorance.
D. Crisis may stand in the way of success.
C
Beethoven’s notebooks show that he spent countless hours developing and revising the musical ideas. It was a painful and all-consuming process. Beethoven was also the most gifted improviser (即兴演奏者) of his time. He would sit at the piano and create, on demand, beautiful and imposing compositions.
Beethoven illustrates two modes of creativity. Most people are familiar with the first type — the creative struggle — from personal experience. But the latter kind — the flow state — is more elusive. Researchers knew little about its inner mechanisms, and this lack of understanding hindered the development of techniques for training flow to boost one’s creative production.
In a study at Drexel University’s Creativity Research Lab, we addressed this gap by posing a basic question about the nature of creative flow: Does it involve intense concentration and hyperfocused attention, or does it involve the release of attention and “letting go”
Our study examined flow in the context of jazz improvisation. We recruited 32 jazz guitarists for the study. Some were relative novices, whereas others were highly experienced. We directed them to improvise solos while listening to recorded jazz accompaniments.
Notably the most experienced musicians reported, on average, greater intensity and frequency of flow states. This finding makes sense because it is hard to imagine feeling effortless attention while performing an unfamiliar task. Also unsurprising was that, on average, the judges rated the experts’ improvisations as more creative than the novices’ improvisations.
Next, to identify brain regions associated with the flow state, we compared brain activity during high-flow performances with that during low-flow performances. One striking finding was that high-flow performance were associated with reduced activity in the brain’s frontal lobes (大脑前额叶), which are associated with executive function and cognitive control.
Then we compared the most experienced musicians with the least experienced ones. The most experienced participants showed activity in a network of brain areas associated with hearing and vision during a flow state — sensory regions that were not activated in the low-experience musicians.
So it seems that creative flow can occur when two conditions are met. First, one has to gain expertise by practicing the task enough to develop a specialized brain network for performing that task. Second, one must release conscious control so the specialized network can take over and produce ideas on autopilot, without the performer overthinking what they are doing.
The end result might not be like a Beethoven sonata (奏鸣曲). But if you can create it during a flow state, it will be your best work, and you will enjoy the process.
28. What does the word “elusive” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Worthy of practice. B. Attractive to figure out.
C. Accessible to achieve. D. Challenging to comprehend.
29. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The subjects of the study. B. A stage of the study.
C. An assumption of the study. D. The objective of the study.
30. What can we learn from the study
A. Flow is a state of low cognitive control rather than hyperfocus.
B. Flow state helps an inexperienced musician to concentrate easily.
C. The brain’s frontal lobes are less active during low-flow performance.
D. Hearing and vision networks are activated in less experienced musicians.
31. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To explain two modes of creativity.
B. To present the findings of a study of flow state.
C. To illustrate how to enter a state of effortless attention.
D. To stress how important it is to create music during a flow state.
D
Life, it could be argued, is like a long game of blackjack. In one common version of this, each person is dealt with two playing cards. The aim is for your hand to add to 21, or as close to this as you can get. Player can either “stick” with their existing hand or “twist”— asking to be dealt another card to add to their total. The risk, of course, is that you exceed 21 and are eliminated.
This may sound far removed from everyday choices, but many of our most important life decisions boil down to such dilemmas. Should I stay put or take the leap and move house Should I remain in my job or start my own business The inherent uncertainty leaves many of us ending up staying in the status quo, never giving ourselves the chance to win big.
Perhaps we can learn a trick from “maximisers”: individuals with a strong urge to find the optimal(最佳的)outcome for every situation. They would be more willing to”twist” if their current options aren’t working. And this approach to life certainly has some advantages. For example, among a sample of students looking for work, maximisers ended up getting a 20% higher salary compared with “satisficers”, people who tend to choose the first acceptable option.
Nevertheless in reality there are simply too many options to weigh up the pros and cons of every choice. Natural maximisers can feel so overwhelmed with the options, and they are troubled by the doubt that a superior option might be among those they did not evaluate. Perhaps as a consequence, they tend to suffer badly from feelings of regret and”fear of missing out”, which affects their overall life satisfaction.
Fortunately, a technique appears to tackle the problem. The strategy is known as psychological distancing, which is akin to taking a fly-on-the-wall view of things. There are many ways to apply it. You might imagine you are advising a close friend in a similar dilemma, for example, or you could try to predict how you would view the decision and its consequences at some time in the mid-to-distant future.
Previous research has shown that psychological distancing techniques contribute to greater intellectual humility, which encourages people to consider more sources of information before coming to a judgement. This approach can also help us deal with the consequences of our big decisions. When using psychological distancing techniques, people are better able to regulate their emotions— which we must do to process the choices we have made. In addition, discussing life’s disappointments from such a distanced perspective helps us extract meaning from our experiences. That should prevent you becoming immersed in the feelings of regret that can follow stick-or-twist decisions.
As everyone knows, Lady Luck won’t work in your favour all the time, no matter how smart your decision making has been. Nevertheless, by applying this psychological research, you can make the most of your hand— and take greater pleasure in the thrill of the game.
32. The author mentions “maximisers” mainly to _______.
A. highlight the advantages of maximisers
B. bring out a sound way of making choices
C. illustrate the difficulty of decision making
D. emphasize the value of informed decisions
33. What can be inferred about psychological distancing
A. Intellectual humble people can optimize psychological distancing.
B. The increased psychological distance may expose people to a feeling of regret.
C. Increasing psychological distance assists in forming a proper view of negative moods.
D. Emotional regulation is crucial in the application of psychological distancing techniques.
34. What can we learn from the passage
A. The first choice should be prioritized.
B Resolving a dilemma ensures the chance to win big.
C. Stick-or-twist decisions are vital in reshaping people’s future.
D. Looking at the bigger picture results in better decision making.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You’re Not Perfect
Imagine that you are feeling down. Someone who loves you wants to help by saying something really affirming. How about “You’ re perfect just the way you are” That sounds nice! In fact, this is perhaps the most insidious (暗中有害的) thing that people tell us — or that we tell ourselves — when we feel sad or insecure.
____35____ This is called “self-enhancement bias”, and it gives rise to all sorts of distortions (曲解) in perception. Famously, back in the 1980s, research showed that up to 80 percent of motorists considered themselves to have above-average driving skills. Obviously, this cannot be true — even if you persist in believing it about yourself.
People also tend to rate themselves more highly on positive moral traits. ____36____ And they tend to rate other people higher on negative traits such as being lazy, cold, and insincere. This is especially true for young and middle-aged adults, who rank themselves as better-than-average on multiple measures.
____37____ Sooner or later, you’re bound to be confronted with a painful adjustment to the truth. For instance, research showed that when college students held an inflated (过高的) view of their own academic ability, it enhanced their mood and positive affect — that is, they enjoyed happier feelings. ____38____ In fact, the students tended to fail at their academic expectations, and that in part led to lower self-esteem over the long term.
So we face a dilemma in life: We want to feel better and make others feel better, but people’s tendency to do so through self-enhancement is a short-lived solution with possibly enduring ultimate costs. ____39____ Accepting your imperfections is healthier than trying to convince yourself that they don’t exist. What’s more, treating yourself with this kind of compassion (同情) makes you more compassionate toward others.
A. The zone of enjoyment moves up as you increase in skill.
B. But that didn’t translate into better academic performance.
C. One reason is that it acts as protection against the mental pain.
D. Although self-enhancement feels good, it is not a long-term solution.
E. They are likely to see themselves as hard-working, honest, and warm.
F. We always have a tendency to compare ourselves favorably with others.
G. The best way is to emphasize to yourself that you are normal in imperfection.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共10小题；共10分）
阅读下面文段，在设空处填入恰当的词或短语。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
40. If what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into a successful adult, then I know what I’m doing is ________. (根据句意单词拼写)
41. Most people believe when they are living ________ and earning enough money, they’ll have no worries. (根据句意单词拼写)
42. If your dream is to be the best, you had better be totally ________ to your sport. (根据句意单词拼写)
43. Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate at which this is now happening is cause for ________.(根据句意单词拼写)
44. ________ exercise also cuts the risk of heart disease by 50%.(根据句意单词拼写)
45. Mr Bean is an internationally ________ comedy character in films. (根据句意单词拼写)
46. Although learning is a gradual and painful process, Helen was so ________ about it. (根据句意单词拼写)
47. Knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more ________ to mankind. (根据句意单词拼写)
48. Readers of the book use their ________ to visualize characters. (根据句意单词拼写)
49. Some public advertisements nowadays aim to make a ________ to society and welfare instead of selling products and services for a profit. (根据句意单词拼写)
第二节（共2小题：第50小题3分，第51小题5分，共8分）
阅读下面文段，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Education goes beyond knowledge; it provides learners with the tools to develop skills, to think for themselves and to continue learning throughout their lives. For example, education can help individuals develop critical thinking skills, which will prevent them from uncritically following traditional ways and will enable them to act based on judgement.
50. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
According to the author, education will discourage individuals from carefully following traditional ways and will help them take action based on judgement.
________________________________________________________________________________
51. Reflecting on your personal experience, how are you shaped by school education (In about 40 words)
________________________________________________________________________________
第三节（14分）
52. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校英语社团即将举办英语戏剧比赛。请你给外教Mr Jenson写一封邀请信，请他担任本次活动的评委。邀请信的内容包括本次活动的基本信息以及评委需要做的工作。词数100左右。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. B
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
11.contributing 12. has sent 13. which 14. developed 15. to decorate
16. naturally 17. for 18. was inspired 19. how 20. difficulties
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
21. C 22. B 23. B
24. C 25. A 26. B 27. A
28. D 29. B 30. A 31. B
32. B 33. C 34. D
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
35. F 36. E 37. D 38. B 39. G
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共10小题；共10分）
40. worthwhile。
41.comfortably。
42. committed。
43. concern。
44. Regular。
45. recognized。
46. enthusiastic。
47. beneficial。
48. imaginations。
49.contribution。
第二节（共2小题：第50小题3分，第51小题5分，共8分）
50. According to the author, education will discourage individuals from carefully following traditional ways and will help them take action based on judgement.
According to the author, education will discourage individuals from uncritically following traditional ways and will help them take action based on judgement.
51. My school education has significantly shaped me by fostering critical thinking, instilling a love for learning, and teaching discipline. These experiences have guided my career choices and personal growth. School education has also taught me the importance of discipline and perseverance.
第三节（14分）
52. Dear Mr. Jenson,
I hope this message finds you well. I, Li Hua, a Sophomore from Hongxing High School, am writing to cordially invite you to serve as a judge at our upcoming English Drama Competition organized by our English Club.
The event, scheduled on the 15th of this month, aims to foster our language skills and creativity through dramatic performances. Your expertise in English and insights would greatly enrich the judging process. As a judge, you would evaluate the performances based on creativity, language proficiency, and overall presentation.
Your presence would be a great honor and motivation for all participants. Looking forward to your positive response.
Yours,
Li Hua