Unit 4 Friends forever Using language 定语从句 课件(共15张PPT)-外研版（2019）必修第一册

(共15张PPT)
定语从句
专项学习
外研版高一英语必修一
定语从句的概念
定语： 用来修饰、描述或限制名词的成分，说明其特征、性质、所属等。
例如：一个红色的苹果。（“红色的”就是定语，修饰“苹果”）
例如：我昨天买的书。（“昨天买的”也是定语，修饰“书”）
从句： 一个不能独立存在、需要依附于主句的句子。
定语从句的概念
结合起来： 当我们用一个完整的句子来充当定语，去修饰某个名词时，这个句子就是定语从句。
简单句： I like the book. The book is on the table.
含定语从句的复合句： I like the book which is on the table.
先行词： the book（被修饰的名词）
定语从句： which is on the table（用来修饰“the book”的整个句子）
关系词： which（引导定语从句，并指代先行词“the book”）
定语从句的三要素
一个完整的定语从句包含三个关键部分：
先行词：
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：
引导定语从句的词，它连接主句和从句，并指代先行词在从句中充当一定的成分（如主语、宾语、状语等）。
定语从句本身：
一个不完整的句子，其意义依赖于先行词和关系词。
关系词的种类和用法
关系代词
关系代词 指代对象 在从句中充当的成分 例句
who 人 主语、宾语（口语中可省略） The man who is standing there is my teacher. （作主语）
whom 人 宾语（常可省略） The girl (whom) you saw yesterday is my sister. （作宾语）
which 物、事 主语、宾语（作宾语时可省略） The book which is on the desk is mine. （作主语）
that 人、物、事 主语、宾语（作宾语时可省略） This is the best movie (that) I have ever seen. （作宾语）
whose 人、物（表所属） 定语（表示“...的”） I know a student whose father is a pilot. （作定语，修饰father）
关系词的种类和用法
关系副词 指代对象 在从句中充当的成分 相当于“介词+which” 例句
when 时间（如 time, day） 时间状语 on/in/at which I'll never forget the day when (on which) we first met.
where 地点（如 place, city） 地点状语 in/at which This is the house where (in which) I was born.
why 原因（reason） 原因状语 for which That is the reason why (for which) he was late.
定语从句结构
名词 / 代词+引导词+从句其他成分
叫做先行词（被从句修饰的词）
包括关系代（who,whom,that,which,whose）
关系副词（where,why,when）
连接先行词和从句，起引导作用。
替代了从句中的某一成分（谓语除外）
从句中不能再出现被替换的词
定语从句结构
Look at __________ who is standing on the street.
Linda is my favourite ftiend___________I like her very much.(×)
the woman
先行词
引导词
who/whom/×
定语从句进阶练习----whose用作定语
The boy __________ father is a doctor sits next to me.
This is the house __________ roof was damaged in the storm.
I have a friend __________ loves collecting stamps.
Do you know the woman __________ car was stolen
They are the scientists __________ discovery changed the world.
whose
whose
whose
whose
who
定语从句进阶练习----从句介词前置
The house we lived ten years ago has been sold.
The house _____ we lived in ten years ago has been sold.
This is the famous scientis t I told you.
This is the famous scientist ________ I told you about.
The problem she is dealing is very complicated.
The problem __________ she is dealing with is very complicated.
Do you know the man our boss is talking
Do you know the man __________ our boss is talking to
The goals he fought were finally achieved.
The goals ________ he fought were finally achieved for
in which
about whom
with which
to whom
for which
which
whom/who/that/×
which
whom/who/that/×
that/which/×
定语从句特殊用法-----用that不用which
定语从句特殊用法-----用that的情况
定语从句中先行词成分的判断补充
I live in the city
主语
谓语
介词
介词的宾语
介词短语作整个句子的地点状语
定语从句中先行词成分的判断
I remember the farm ______my father ever worked.
此外先行词是the farm,是物，再放到从句中，从句为
My father ever worked on the farm.加了介词on.on the farm在从句中做地点状语，所以用where.
注意：在从句是做地点状语时，不用on which
where
名词性从句练习补充
What did he say just now 他刚才说了什么话？
陈述语序：What he said just now 他刚才说过的话
How did you find the secret 你是如何发现这个秘密的？
陈述语序：How you found the secret.你找到秘密的方式。
两个句子同时放到一个句子当中。
What he said just now showed that How you found the secret
主语从句
主句谓语
宾语从句