专题三
把握主线,精准提炼 争分主旨大意题
主旨大意题 主旨大意类主要有3种:归纳段落大意、理全文主旨和选定最佳标题。2025全国一、二卷均有1道最佳标题题,2025全国二卷有1道考查段落大意题、1道考查全文大意题。
阅读C、D篇 说明文为主(占比约20%),侧重客观事实与逻辑链条,介绍科技、环保方案、社会项目等;议论文逐渐深化(占比约20%),覆盖问题——解决型(如2025全国一卷C篇);因果分析型和对比论证型(如2024新课标Ⅰ卷C篇数字阅读效果差的归因及电子文本与纸质文本的区别)。
试练真题·品考向
2025·全国一卷·C 体裁:议论文 主题语境:人与社会——历史、社会与文化
While/although/though+从句,+主句,主句内容是主旨(设题点)
While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.引出现象
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Br mmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the
提出solution
role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. 典型案例(expressway VS park)+类似抗争→抗争目标
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million
数据支撑主题:汽车需求仍为主导,暗示理想与现实的落差
people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
与第2段观点形成闭环,提出倡议
1.What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1
A. Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C. People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
2.What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do 考查案例本身
A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity.
C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible.
3.What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s
A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective.
C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Why the Rush B. What’s Next C. Where to Stay D. Who to Blame
高考基本按段落顺序命题,1~2段对应一个题目,可先串联题干关键词,预估文章大意,同时留意一下选项重叠的关键词。如浏览一眼2025全国一卷阅读C篇选项,可看到与现象、运动、车辆、交通相关的词汇,猜测话题与交通现象相关。
C/D篇多元话题说明文/议论文
多元化社会话题
社会发展引发的问题/现象 2025全国一卷C篇城市交通规划失衡(议论文),可持续发展问题:2025全国二卷D篇餐馆用食材边角料制作美食(说明文),2024新课标Ⅱ卷C篇缩短食物到餐桌的距离
现代生活方式引发的问题/现象 2024新课标Ⅱ卷D篇人工智能伦理(也是书评),2024新课标Ⅰ卷C篇有纸化与无纸化学习的区别(议论文),2024浙江高考1月D篇网络时代信息过载与自控力(议论文)
篇章结构
议论文常见论证模式:现象/问题→原因/案例支撑→解决方案→提出建议/反思结论。思辨性增强:呈现矛盾观点,分析利弊(如2024新课标Ⅰ卷C篇电子文本VS纸质文本)。
①主题句明确 多位于段首,常是although/while引导的状语从句后的主句或强转折词but后的内容(如2025全国一卷C篇的第1、第4和第5段主题句),其后的支撑句为例证、对比论证。所考查的目的题、推断题均与该主题句相关。
②逻辑词明显 高频使用衔接词:however、instead、nevertheless、moreover、for example、such as、therefore、thus 引导对比、补充、例证或结论。这些逻辑词后常设推断题、目的题或段落主旨题。
③结尾常以“行动倡议或建议”收尾(如2025全国一卷C篇“think differently about that street”,2024浙江高考1月D篇 “resisting the temptation of the mental ‘junk food’”)。题干常为:What is ... suggestion about ... What does the author suggest ...
热点考法·巧图解
高考热考法1 段落大意题——依段落结构定段意
1.2025·全国二卷·D第5段 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与社会——社会发展 It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. What is paragraph 5 mainly about A. Why the ingredients were used. B. Which dishes were best liked. C. What the dishes were made of. D. Where the ingredients were bought. 2.2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·B第1、第3段 体裁:记叙文 主题语境:人与社会——文化借鉴与融合 “I am not crazy,”says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit.“I am ahead of my time.”If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing“holistic”medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. 引入话题:兽医,整体医学针灸,按摩,草药 ... Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy,“moves more easily and rides more comfortably”after a chiropractic adjustment. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 设题特点 在理解段落内容的基础上提炼核心信息,然后对比选项,选出最契合段落主要内容的选项。 常见设问方式 ①What is the first paragraph mainly about ②What does paragraph ... mainly talk about ③What is the main idea of the first paragraph 图解技巧10 依段落结构定段意 排除3种干扰项
高考热考法2 全文大意题——体裁+串线法定大意
3.2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·C 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与自然——现代技术 We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,”said a BMF employee. What does the text mainly talk about A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 设题特点 理解全文大意题需要在理解全文内容的基础上,通过归纳概括和推理判断等,概括出全文大意。 常见设问方式 ①What is the text mainly about ②What is the main idea of the text ③What is mainly talked about in the text 图解技巧11 体裁+串线法定主旨 主旨句不明确时,串线法很好用
高考热考法3 最佳标题类——4大法定最佳标题
4.2025·全国二卷·C 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与自然——人与植物 When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,”says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida.“People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating,”she says.“Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.”Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,”says Knuth.“This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it.“Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,”Detrinidad says. What can be a suitable title for the text A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home 设题特点 概括出文章的中心思想,并对中心思想再次加以提炼,拟定出文章的标题。文章标题可以是单词、短语,也可以是句子。 常见设问方式 Which is/What/Which of the following can be the most suitable title for the text 图解技巧12 4大法定最佳标题 融合标题4特征 关注记叙文标题4特点
抢分必备·三赢练
猜测阅读障碍词的能力 (2025全国一卷C篇+3个技巧对应语篇/片段)
重点词 sustain vt.①_______________ decent adj.②_______________
alone adv. ③_______________ brighten vt.& vi. ④____________
派生 词/合 成词 owner+-ship→ownership n. ⑤_______________ campaign+-er→campaigner n. ⑥_______________
destroy +-tion→destruction n. ⑦_______________ plant+rich→plant-rich adj. ⑧______________
熟词 生僻义 champion 熟义:n. ⑨_______________ 生僻义:n. ⑩___________ vt. 11_____________ condition 熟义: n.状态;状况 生僻义: n. 12______________
语块 pack sb. into sth. 13_______________ fight back 14_______________
make way for 15_______________ rush through 16_______________
分析长难句的能力
In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
试分析:本句主干是①________________________________________; of our streets and the role they play in our lives 是介词短语作后置定语,修饰rethink,其中they play in our lives 是省略 that/which 的定语从句,修饰②____________。
试翻译:在他们合著的新书《出行之道:如何夺回我们的街道并改变我们的生活》中, ③______________________________________________及其在我们生活中扮演的角色。
文本再开发
语法填空
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is ①________________ the majority of the western cities were ②________________ (complete) redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars ③________________ just over twenty-six million people, among the ④________________ (high) rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads ⑤________________ help us rush through, but we fail ⑥________________ (account) for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move ⑦________________ (safe) around our communities The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time ⑧________________ (think) differently about that street outside your front door.
仿写 (仿效加黑体部分写应用文观点句)尽管AI助手能提供有益支持,但实际情况是,过度依赖它们也许会限制我们批判性思考和独立解决问题的能力。
⑨
专题三
试练真题·品考向
本文是一篇议论文,通过引述荷兰作者的新书《出行之道》,批评了城市街道设计过度服务汽车、忽视行人尤其是儿童出行安全的问题,呼吁人们重新思考街道的功能,建设适宜居民生活的城市环境。
1.C 细节理解题。首段首句中的“declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility”为主题句,指出“行人,尤其是儿童活动减少”,第二句引用家长的话解释“儿童因出行安全问题,只得由汽车接送(they pack them into the car instead),直接对应C选项“人们步行次数减少,开车次数增多”的现象。A项“堵车”、B项“事故频发”、D项“行人违规”均未提及。
2.A 细节理解题。第三段先呈现了城市街道规划的现状:社区为道路交通网让步,有些社区反击。接着引出了加拿大记者Jane Jacobs对此现象的抗议,反对用高速公路取代公园,呼吁市长将纽约打造成“a decent place to live”(宜居之地)。尾句指出澳大利亚的类似运动也属同一性质。由此可知, Jane Jacobs和其他抗议者的反击行为是为了让城市变得宜居,livable是a decent place to live 的同义替换。
3.B 推理判断题。第三段尾句指出,20世纪60和70年代澳大利亚也发生了抗议“城市规划优先道路而牺牲社区”的活动。第四段首句中的“the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car”为主题句,指出“多数西方城市仍彻底围绕汽车需求改造”。尾句用澳大利亚汽车保有量数据(2 000万车/2 600万人)佐证汽车为主导,城市规划仍以道路为中心,故这些抗议运动效果有限。
4.A 标题归纳题。首段引出当今的交通现象(too much traffic),引出行人少了,汽车多了的 “匆忙”现象。第二段提出两位作家对这种现象的思考。第三、四段介绍反对城市仅作为“rush through”的通道的抗议活动及其结果(城市规划仍以汽车的需求为中心,追求快速的出行方式)。最后一段质问“rush through”的社会代价,质疑盲目追求交通效率的合理性,倡议重新思考街道的意义。由此可知,全文批判“以车为本”的街道设计而忽略安全、宜居的生活环境,A项Why the Rush 以反问形式点明主旨,引发读者反思,呼应文末“think differently”的呼吁。
积累
重点词 ①decline n.下降 ②rethink n.重新考虑 ③bother vt.打扰;使(某人)烦恼(或担忧、不安);给(某人)造成麻烦(或痛苦) ④widespread adj.广泛的 ⑤decent adj.相当不错的;合宜的
熟词 生僻义 champion熟义:n.冠军;第一名;优胜者 生僻义:n.斗争者;捍卫者;声援者;拥护者 vt.为……而斗争;捍卫;声援
派生词 ①(destroy+-tion) destruction n.摧毁;毁灭;破坏 ②(re-+design) redesign vt.重新设计 ③(campaign+-er) campaigner n.运动领导者,运动参加者 ④(mobile+-ity) mobility n.流动(性) ⑤(propose+-ed) proposed adj.提议的 ⑥(owner+-ship) ownership n.所有权
语块 ①pack sb. into sth.在(有限空间里)塞进(大量的人) ②take back夺回 ③call for (公开)要求 ④make way for给……让路 ⑤fight back 还击;忍住 ⑥rush through快速通过 ⑦account for考虑;解释;说明 与活动相关:①lead a campaign领导运动 ②call on sb. to do sth.呼吁某人做某事
热点考法·巧图解
1.C 段落大意题。首句指出菜单上的食材不是垃圾,第二句说明配料是餐厅弃用的肉块和农产品,第三句列举羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、淘汰的甘薯、黄瓜头等食材被重新利用变成佳肴。由此可知,本段主要介绍这些菜肴食材的构成。故选C。
积累 ①re-appropriate vt.重新利用 ②it should be noted that ...应该注意的是……
2.D 段落大意题。第三段提到了两个具体的治疗案例,分别是Leigh Tindale的狗Charlie在针灸治疗后病痛减轻,多活了几个月,及Priscilla Dewing的马Nappy在按摩治疗后行动更自如,这说明了整体医学疗法(holistic medicine)的有效性。 故选D。
积累
重点词 ①advocate [ dv ke t] vt.提倡;主张 ②holistic [h l st k] adj.整体的;全面的
派生词 ①defend+-sive→defensive adj.存有戒心的 ②complex adj.复杂的→complexity [k m pleks ti] n.复杂性 ③effective adj.有效的→effectiveness [ fekt vn s] n.效力,效果
熟词 生僻义 ①condition n.疾病;健康状况 ②practice v.实行;遵循;信奉;从事 n.惯常做法
语块 与治疗相关:①ease one’s suffering 缓解某人的病痛 ②herbal medicine草药疗法 ③put ... to sleep给(患病动物)实施安乐死 ④a heart condition心脏病 习语:①ahead of one’s time (观念)超前 ②have the last laugh笑到最后,取得最后胜利
3.A 全文大意题。本文第一段以新鲜食物的重要性及商店农产品运输的问题为导入,引出巴比伦微农场,指出其可缩短运输距离的优势。第二段强调巴比伦微农场通过其创新设计和功能,保证新鲜蔬菜供应。第三段详细说明巴比伦微农场依靠新技术,在节水等方面的优势。第四段指出巴比伦微农场在可持续发展方面的优势。第五段介绍巴比伦微农场员工在日常生活中的环保生活方式。串联各段落大意可知, 整篇文章围绕巴比伦微农场的优势展开介绍。故选A。
积累
重点词 ①innovative [ n ve t v] adj.创新的;革新的;采用新观念的 ②automated [ t me t d] adj.自动化的
派生词/ 合成词 ①sustainable→sustainability n.可持续性 ②single-use adj.一次性的(single+use)
熟词 生僻义 ①cover vt.走完(一段路程) ②solid adj.可靠的 ③monitor vt.监控,监测
语块 ①when it comes to说到…… ②fresh greens新鲜青菜 ③live out实践,践行 ④be passionate about热衷于 ⑤zero emissions零排放
4.B 标题归纳题。首段以Sonja Detrinidad的网店卖室内植物为例引入人们对绿植的喜爱和需求。第二段至第三段引用Melinda Knuth博士的话,说明植物对人们心理健康的好处,比如减压、提高生活满意度,提高学习和工作效率等。第四段提到即使植物养死了也没关系,鼓励大家多尝试。由此推出全文围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开, 选项B“Plants Boost Your Mood (植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括文章主旨,适合作为文章的标题。故选B。
积累
重点词 ①sustain vt.维持;使保持 ②order n.订单 ③industry n.行业 ④alone adv.仅仅,只
派生词 ①(bright+-en) brighten vt.& vi.使明亮,(使)快活起来;(使)增添乐趣 ②(productive+-ity) productivity n.生产率;生产效率 ③(explode+-sion) explosion n.爆炸;突增;猛增 ④(rate+-ing) rating n.程度,等级
合成词 ①(house+plant) houseplant n.室内盆栽植物 ②plant-rich adj.绿植充盈的
语块 ①beat oneself up过分自责 ②be invested in投入到…… ③have high hopes for对……充满期待 ④send out发出 ⑤translate into适用于,转化为 ⑥surround oneself with喜欢结交(某类人);喜欢身边总有(某类东西) ⑦make it存活,成功 ⑧tend to照料,照看(to是介词) ⑨in fashion流行 ⑩state of mind情绪,心态 sick leave病假
抢分必备·三赢练
猜测阅读障碍词的能力
①维持;使保持 ②相当不错的;合宜的 ③仅仅,只 ④使明亮,(使)快活起来;(使)增添乐趣 ⑤所有权
⑥运动领导者,运动参加者 ⑦摧毁;毁灭;破坏 ⑧绿植充盈的 ⑨冠军;第一名;优胜者 ⑩斗争者;捍卫者;声援者;拥护者 为……而斗争;捍卫;声援 疾病;健康状况 在(有限空间里)塞进(大量的人) 还击;忍住 给……让路 快速通过
分析长难句的能力
①they call for a rethink ②the role ③他们呼吁重新审视我们的街道
文本再开发
①that ②completely ③for ④highest ⑤that/which ⑥to account ⑦safely ⑧to think ⑨Although AI assistants can provide helpful support, the reality is that over-reliance on them may limit our ability to think critically and solve problems independently.(共65张PPT)
专题三
把握主线，精准提炼
争分主旨大意题
主旨大意题 主旨大意类主要有3种：归纳段落大意、理全文主旨和选定最佳标题。2025全国一、二卷均有1道最佳标题题，2025全国二卷有1道考查段落大意题、1道考查全文大意题。
阅读C、D篇 说明文为主(占比约20%)，侧重客观事实与逻辑链条，介绍科技、环保方案、社会项目等；议论文逐渐深化(占比约20%)，覆盖问题——解决型(如2025全国一卷C篇)；因果分析型和对比论证型(如2024新课标Ⅰ卷C篇数字阅读效果差的归因及电子文本与纸质文本的区别)。
2025·全国一卷·C 体裁：议论文 主题语境：人与社会——历 史、社会与文化
While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead.引出现象
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Br mmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement： How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
典型案例(expressway VS park)+类似抗争→抗争目标
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over
twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities The authors of Movement have it right： it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
本文是一篇议论文，通过引述荷兰作者的新书《出行之道》，批评了城市街道设计过度服务汽车、忽视行人尤其是儿童出行安全的问题，呼吁人们重新思考街道的功能，建设适宜居民生活的城市环境。
1.What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1
A. Cars often get stuck on the road.
B. Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C. People walk less and drive more.
D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
细节理解题。首段首句中的“declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility”为主题句，指出“行人，尤其是儿童活动减少”，第二句引用家长的话解释“儿童因出行安全问题，只得由汽车接送(they pack them into the car instead)，直接对应C选项“人们步行次数减少，开车次数增多”的现象。A项“堵车”、B项“事故频发”、D项“行人违规”均未提及。
解析
2.What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do 考查案例本身
A. Keep their cities livable.
B. Promote cultural diversity.
C. Help the needy families.
D. Make expressways accessible.
细节理解题。第三段先呈现了城市街道规划的现状：社区为道路交通网让步，有些社区反击。接着引出了加拿大记者Jane Jacobs对此现象的抗议，反对用高速公路取代公园，呼吁市长将纽约打造成“a decent place to live”(宜居之地)。尾句指出澳大利亚的类似运动也属同一性质。由此可知, Jane Jacobs和其他抗议者的反击行为是为了让城市变得宜居，livable是a decent place to live 的同义替换。
解析
3.What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s
A. They boosted the sales of cars.
B. They turned out largely ineffective.
C. They won government support.
D. They advocated building new parks.
推理判断题。第三段尾句指出，20世纪60和70年代澳大利亚也发生了抗议“城市规划优先道路而牺牲社区”的活动。第四段首句中的“the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car”为主题句，指出“多数西方城市仍彻底围绕汽车需求改造”。尾句用澳大利亚汽车保有量数据(2 000万车/2 600万人)佐证汽车为主导，城市规划仍以道路为中心，故这些抗议运动效果有限。
解析
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Why the Rush B. What’s Next
C. Where to Stay D. Who to Blame
标题归纳题。首段引出当今的交通现象(too much traffic)，引出行人少了，汽车多了的 “匆忙”现象。第二段提出两位作家对这种现象的思考。第三、四段介绍反对城市仅作为“rush through”的通道的抗议活动及其结果(城市规划仍以汽车的需求为中心，追求快速的出行方式)。最后一段质问“rush through”的社会代价，质疑盲目追求交通效率的合理性，倡议重新思考街道的意义。由此可知，全文批判“以车为本”的街道设计而忽略安全、宜居的生活环境，A项Why the Rush 以反问形式点明主旨，引发读者反思，呼应文末“think differently”的呼吁。
解析
重点词 ①decline n.下降 ②rethink n.重新考虑 ③bother vt.打扰；使(某人)烦恼(或担忧、不安)；给(某人)造成麻烦(或痛苦) ④widespread adj.广泛的 ⑤decent adj.相当不错的；合宜的
熟词 生僻义 champion熟义：n.冠军；第一名；优胜者 生僻义：n.斗争者；捍卫者；声援者；拥护者 vt.为……而斗争；捍卫；声援
派生词 ①(destroy+-tion) destruction n.摧毁；毁灭；破坏
②(re-+design) redesign vt.重新设计
③(campaign+-er) campaigner n.运动领导者，运动参加者 ④(mobile+-ity) mobility n.流动(性)
⑤(propose+-ed) proposed adj.提议的
⑥(owner+-ship) ownership n.所有权
语块 ①pack sb. into sth.在(有限空间里)塞进(大量的人) ②take back夺回 ③call for (公开)要求 ④make way for给……让路 ⑤fight back 还击；忍住 ⑥rush through快速通过 ⑦account for考虑；解释；说明
与活动相关：①lead a campaign领导运动
②call on sb. to do sth.呼吁某人做某事
高考基本按段落顺序命题，1~2段对应一个题目，可先串联题干关键词，预估文章大意，同时留意一下选项重叠的关键词。如浏览一眼2025全国一卷阅读C篇选项，可看到与现象、运动、车辆、交通相关的词汇，猜测话题与交通现象相关。
C/D篇多元话题说明文/议论文
多元化社会话题
社会发展引发的问题/现象 2025全国一卷C篇城市交通规划失衡(议论文)，可持续发展问题：2025全国二卷D篇餐馆用食材边角料制作美食(说明文)，2024新课标Ⅱ卷C篇缩短食物到餐桌的距离
现代生活方式引发的问题/现象 2024新课标Ⅱ卷D篇人工智能伦理(也是书评)，2024新课标Ⅰ卷C篇有纸化与无纸化学习的区别(议论文)，2024浙江高考1月D篇网络时代信息过载与自控力(议论文)
篇章结构
议论文常见论证模式：现象/问题→原因/案例支撑→解决方案→提出建议/反思结论。思辨性增强：呈现矛盾观点，分析利弊(如2024新课标Ⅰ卷C篇电子文本VS纸质文本)。
①主题句明确 多位于段首，常是although/while引导的状语从句后的主句或强转折词but后的内容(如2025全国一卷C篇的第1、第4和第5段主题句)，其后的支撑句为例证、对比论证。所考查的目的题、推断题均与该主题句相关。
②逻辑词明显 高频使用衔接词：however、instead、nevertheless、moreover、for example、such as、therefore、thus 引导对比、补充、例证或结论。这些逻辑词后常设推断题、目的题或段落主旨题。
③结尾常以“行动倡议或建议”收尾(如2025全国一卷C篇“think differently about that street”，2024浙江高考1月D篇 “resisting the temptation of the mental ‘junk food’”)。题干常为：What is ... suggestion about ... What does the author suggest ...
高考热考法1
1.2025·全国二卷·D第5段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——社会发展
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.
段落大意题——依段落结构定段意
What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Why the ingredients were used.
B. Which dishes were best liked.
C. What the dishes were made of.
D. Where the ingredients were bought.
段落大意题。首句指出菜单上的食材不是垃圾，第二句说明配料是餐厅弃用的肉块和农产品，第三句列举羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、淘汰的甘薯、黄瓜头等食材被重新利用变成佳肴。由此可知，本段主要介绍这些菜肴食材的构成。故选C。
解析
积累
①re-appropriate vt.重新利用
②it should be noted that ...应该注意的是……
2.2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·B第1、第3段 体裁：记叙文 主题语境：人与社会——文化借鉴与融合
“I am not crazy，”says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit.“I am ahead of my time.”If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing“holistic”medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. 引入话题：兽医，整体医学针灸，按摩，草药
...
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy，“moves more easily and rides more comfortably”after a chiropractic adjustment.
What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
B. The complexity of veterinarians’work.
C. Examples of rare animal diseases.
D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
段落大意题。第三段提到了两个具体的治疗案例，分别是Leigh Tindale的狗Charlie在针灸治疗后病痛减轻，多活了几个月，及Priscilla Dewing的马Nappy在按摩治疗后行动更自如，这说明了整体医学疗法(holistic medicine)的有效性。 故选D。
解析
积累
重点词 ①advocate [ dv ke t] vt.提倡；主张 ②holistic [h l st k] adj.整体的；全面的
派生词 ①defend+-sive→defensive adj.存有戒心的 ②complex adj.复杂的→complexity [k m pleks ti] n.复杂性 ③effective adj.有效的→effectiveness [ fekt vn s] n.效力，效果
熟词 生僻义 ①condition n.疾病；健康状况
②practice v.实行；遵循；信奉；从事 n.惯常做法
语块 与治疗相关：①ease one’s suffering 缓解某人的病痛
②herbal medicine草药疗法 ③put ... to sleep给(患病动物)实施安乐死 ④a heart condition心脏病
习语：①ahead of one’s time (观念)超前
②have the last laugh笑到最后，取得最后胜利
设题特点
在理解段落内容的基础上提炼核心信息，然后对比选项，选出最契合段落主要内容的选项。
常见设问方式
①What is the first paragraph mainly about
②What does paragraph ... mainly talk about
③What is the main idea of the first paragraph
图解技巧10
依段落结构定段意
排除3种干扰项
高考热考法2
3.2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·C 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——现代技术
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However , most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
全文大意题——体裁+串线法定大意
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally , it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also , there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just
the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover , having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition , there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment，”said a BMF employee.
What does the text mainly talk about
A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards.
全文大意题。本文第一段以新鲜食物的重要性及商店农产品运输的问题为导入，引出巴比伦微农场，指出其可缩短运输距离的优势。第二段强调巴比伦微农场通过其创新设计和功能，保证新鲜蔬菜供应。第三段详细说明巴比伦微农场依靠新技术，在节水等方面的优势。第四段指出巴比伦微农场在可持续发展方面的优 势。第五段介绍巴比伦微农场员工在日常生活中的环保生活方 式。串联各段落大意可知, 整篇文章围绕巴比伦微农场的优势展开介绍。故选A。
解析
积累
重点词 ①innovative [ n ve t v] adj.创新的；革新的；采用新观念的 ②automated [ t me t d] adj.自动化的
派生词/ 合成词 ①sustainable→sustainability n.可持续性
②single-use adj.一次性的(single+use)
熟词 生僻义 ①cover vt.走完(一段路程) ②solid adj.可靠的
③monitor vt.监控，监测
语块 ①when it comes to说到…… ②fresh greens新鲜青菜
③live out实践，践行 ④be passionate about热衷于
⑤zero emissions零排放
设题特点
理解全文大意题需要在理解全文内容的基础上，通过归纳概括和推理判断等，概括出全文大意。
常见设问方式
①What is the text mainly about
②What is the main idea of the text
③What is mainly talked about in the text
图解技巧11
体裁+串线法定主旨
主旨句不明确时，串线法很好用
高考热考法3
4.2025·全国二卷·C 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——人与植物
When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened： She was flooded, shipping out 1，200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70，000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry.
最佳标题类——4大法定最佳标题
“Plants are in fashion right now，”says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida.“People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating，”she says.“Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.”Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body.
“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants，”says Knuth.“This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”
If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it.“Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one，”Detrinidad says.
What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Time to Replace Houseplants
B. Plants Boost Your Mood
C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants
D. Plants Brighten Your Home
标题归纳题。首段以Sonja Detrinidad的网店卖室内植物为例引入人们对绿植的喜爱和需求。第二段至第三段引用Melinda Knuth博士的话，说明植物对人们心理健康的好处，比如减压、提高生活满意度，提高学习和工作效率等。第四段提到即使植物养死了也没关系，鼓励大家多尝试。由此推出全文围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开, 选项B“Plants Boost Your Mood (植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。
解析
积累
重点词 ①sustain vt.维持；使保持 ②order n.订单
③industry n.行业 ④alone adv.仅仅，只
派生词 ①(bright+-en) brighten vt.& vi.使明亮，(使)快活起来；(使)增添乐趣
②(productive+-ity) productivity n.生产率；生产效率
③(explode+-sion) explosion n.爆炸；突增；猛增
④(rate+-ing) rating n.程度，等级
合成词 ①(house+plant) houseplant n.室内盆栽植物
②plant-rich adj.绿植充盈的
语块 ①beat oneself up过分自责 ②be invested in投入到……
③have high hopes for对……充满期待 ④send out发出
⑤translate into适用于，转化为 ⑥surround oneself with
喜欢结交(某类人)；喜欢身边总有(某类东西)
⑦make it存活，成功 ⑧tend to照料，照看(to是介词)
⑨in fashion流行 ⑩state of mind情绪，心态
sick leave病假
设题特点
概括出文章的中心思想，并对中心思想再次加以提炼，拟定出文章的标题。文章标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。
常见设问方式
Which is/What/Which of the following can be the most suitable title for the text
图解技巧12
4大法定最佳标题
融合标题4特征
关注记叙文标题4特点
猜测阅读障碍词的能力 (2025全国一卷C篇+3个技巧对应语篇/片段)
重点词 sustain vt.①___________ ______________ decent adj.②______________
____________________
alone adv. ③________ brighten vt.& vi. ④___________
________________________________________
维持；使保
持
相当不错的；
合宜的
仅仅，只
使明亮， (使)快活起来；(使)增添乐趣
派生 词/合 成词 owner+-ship →ownership n. ⑤___________ campaign+-er →campaigner n. ⑥_________
__________________________
destroy +-tion →destruction n. ⑦__________ _______________ plant+rich→ plant-rich adj. ⑧________
____________
所有权
运动领导者，运动参加者
摧毁；毁
灭；破坏
绿植充
盈的
熟词 生僻义 champion 熟义：n. ⑨__________ ____________ 生僻义：n. ⑩________________ __________________ vt. _____________ _______________ condition 熟义： n. 状态；状况 生僻义： n.
__________
_____________
语块 pack sb. into sth. ________________________________ fight back ________
___________
make way for _____________ rush through _________
冠军；第一
名；优胜者
斗争者；捍卫者；声援者；拥护者
为……而斗争；
捍卫；声援
疾病；健
康状况
在(有限空间里)
塞进(大量的人)
还击；忍
住
给……让路
快速通过
分析长难句的能力
In their new book Movement： How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives.
试分析：本句主干是①___________________; of our streets and the role they play in our lives 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰rethink，其中they play in our lives 是省略 that/which 的定语从句，修饰②_________。
they call for a rethink
the role
试翻译：在他们合著的新书《出行之道：如何夺回我们的街道并改变我们的生活》中, ③_____________________________及其在我们生活中扮演的角色。
他们呼吁重新审视我们的街道
文本再开发
语法填空
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is ①________ the majority of the western cities were ②_____________ (complete) redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars ③________ just over twenty-six million people, among the ④________ (high) rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads ⑤___________ help us rush through, but we fail ⑥__________
that
completely
for
highest
that/which
to account
(account) for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move ⑦__________ (safe) around our communities The authors of Movement have it right： it’s time
⑧___________ (think) differently about that street outside your front door.
safely
to think
仿写 (仿效加黑体部分写应用文观点句)尽管AI助手能提供有益支 持，但实际情况是，过度依赖它们也许会限制我们批判性思考和独立解决问题的能力。
⑨_________________________________________________________
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Although AI assistants can provide helpful support, the reality is that over-reliance on them may limit our ability to think critically and solve problems independently.
