专题四
词句猜测题
词句猜测题 词句猜测类考查形式以猜测生词、短语和代词指代或语块蕴含的意义为主。语篇文本注重对词汇的深层考查。
阅读B篇 阅读B篇选材往往与人文类相关。如2025全国一卷阅读B篇为记叙文(写作老师对写作的领悟),2025全国二卷阅读B篇为说明文(医院教师帮助患者在住院期间继续进行课业学习),2024新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B篇为新闻稿(美国兽医中西医结合治疗动物),2023新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B篇为记叙文(John发明生态机器)。
试练真题·品考向
2025·全国一卷·B 体裁:记叙文 主题语境:人与自我——教育
In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question:“Why is writing important ” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance—the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
1.Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1
A. Ninth graders. B. Students’ parents.
C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters.
2.Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A. They were not given enough time. B. They had a very limited vocabulary.
C. They misunderstood the question. D. They had little interest in the topic.
3.What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Mixed. B. Amazing. C. Similar. D. Disturbing.
4.What does the author’s experience show
A. Teaching is learning. B. Still waters run deep.
C. Knowledge is power. D. Practice makes perfect.
B篇人文类记叙文/说明文
强调“以人为本”
通过讲述个体人物故事(如教师、医院教师、兽医、发明者)这些真实社会场景中的“微小变革者”,传递共情、包容、创新,启迪学生认识到个人行为对社会的积极影响。
把握写作结构
结构上基本是“问题—解决—意义/感悟”式(如2025全国一卷B篇:学生写作困境→调整策略→感悟),针对该结构均会有设题(如上面的2~4题)。
①尾段常引用人物的话或感悟收尾,也是设题点(如2025全国一卷B篇的“teach us what it means to be human”,2025全国二卷B篇的“keep those dreams alive”,2024新课标Ⅰ卷B篇的“do anything to help an animal”)。
②前3题常侧重考查细节理解题、推理判断题和观点态度题,最后一题(必关联结尾升华段)常考查推断题或主旨题。
③新闻稿:冲突引入+案例佐证+数据支撑(如2024新课标Ⅰ卷B篇中Farber的革新疗法与行业趋势)
关注4点
①记叙文时间线+主题递进:具体年月日、时间状语从句,表时间先后顺序的衔接词(如上文加框的3个时间点)
②特殊点:表转折的but、 however、 although、 actually等词后的内容;表因果的词如so前后的内容、表褒贬感彩的形容词、副词或动词或短语(涉及观点态度/人物特征题)。
③加汉语注释的词:加注释的词汇有时会在选项中出现。
④关注干扰项特征:张冠李戴、偷梁换柱、推断过度、以偏概全、无中生有、颠倒是非。
热点考法·巧图解
高考热考法1 单词/短语含义猜测题——4角度快猜词
1.2025·浙江高考1月·C第1段 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与自然——自然环境 A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. What does the underlined word“Eschewing”in the first paragraph mean A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of. 2.2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·C第1~2段 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与社会——科学研究 Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often“no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, 主题句 learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. What does the underlined phrase“shine through”in paragraph 2 mean A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 3.2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·C第2~3段 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与社会——社会生活 To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting
this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 数码净化的办法:step away→add back a small number What does the underlined word“declutter”in paragraph 3 mean A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over. 4.2024·全国甲卷·B第3段 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与自然——人与动物 Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! Which best explains the phrase“take ... up a notch”in paragraph 3 A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better. 5.新高考Ⅱ卷·B第3~4段 体裁:记叙文 主题语境:人与自我——校园生活 Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect (感染) other students. Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare,“But I’m just not creative.” What does the underlined word“downside”in paragraph 4 probably mean A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden. 设题特点 猜测画线词/短语的含义包括理解生僻词块含义、特定语境下熟词的生僻含义。 常见设问方式 ①What does/do the underlined word(s) ... mean/refer to ②What can best replace the underlined word(s) 图解技巧13 4角度快猜词 1.据语境/瞻前顾后推词义—瞻前顾后,寻找上下文可以推断画线词词义的线索 2.4种逻辑关系猜词法—利用逻辑衔接词前后的内容猜画线词含义 3.利用语法关系猜测词义 4.根据构词法猜词义
高考热考法2 代词猜测题——就近原则找指代
6.2025·全国二卷·B第3~4段 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与社会——教育 Still, in room 386, academics don’t come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority.“If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,”Ho says.“I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.” There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,”Ho says.“They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” What does the underlined word“it”refer to in paragraph 4 A. Offering regular lessons. B. Paying extra attention. C. Assigning no schoolwork. D. Showing no sympathy. 7.新高考Ⅰ卷·C第1~2段 体裁:记叙文 主题语境:人与社会——文学 In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea. His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers. What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 2 refer to A. Developing a serious mental disease. B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia. C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea. 设题特点 代词猜测题常出现在人物或事物变换多,动作转换频繁的语境中,应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的所指。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。 常见设问方式 ①What does the underlined word“this/it/them/which ...”refer to ②The underlined part“it/that/they/which ...”in paragraph ... refers to ____________. 图解技巧14 就近原则找指代
高考热考法3 句意猜测题——意义吻合推句意
8.全国甲卷·C第2段 体裁:记叙文 主题语境:人与社会——人际关系 Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don’t worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting:“Safe! Safe! Safe!”And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. What do the underlined words“Safe! Safe! Safe!”probably mean A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don’t worry! 设题特点 理解某一个句子的本意或外延含义,需理解前后句所表达的含义。 常见设问方式 What does the underlined sentence/the expression in paragraph 1 mean 图解技巧15 意义吻合推句意
抢分必备·三赢练
猜测阅读障碍词的能力 (2025全国一卷B篇+3个技巧对应片段)
重点词 demonstrate vt. ①_______________ reject vt. ②_______________
派生词 in-+tolerable→intolerable adj. ③_______________ persuade+-sive→persuasive adj. ④_______________
合成词 heart+break→heartbreak n. ⑤_______________ year+book→yearbook n. ⑥_______________
熟词生僻义 subject 熟义:n.主题;课程 生僻义:n. ⑦_______________ academic 熟义:adj.学业的,教学的,学术的 生僻义: n. ⑧________________
语块 broaden one’s view ⑨_______________ at any given time ⑩_________
in and of itself 11______________ put us in another’s skin 12___________
strike sb. as 13___________ gain in popularity 14___________
分析长难句的能力
1.Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement.
试分析:该句是并列句。that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement是①__________________________,修饰名词②____________________。
试翻译:大多数文章连一页纸都没写满, ③ 。
2.Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.
试分析:主语是①________________,谓语是②____________,不定式复合结构for nature to do ... and ... designing 为宾语。过去分词短语Referred to as matrix planting为状语。
试翻译:③_________________________________________,旨在让自然承担花园里大部分的繁重工作,甚至参与部分设计。
文本再开发
语法填空
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a ①________________ (persuade) piece on a health-related topic of their ②________________ (choose). This time they found the exercise much ③________________ (interesting). For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit ④________________ (follow) by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre and that it contain a thesis. The results ⑤________________ (be) staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned ⑥________________ stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters ⑦________________ broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class ⑧________________ (believe) that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell ⑨________________ (ring) in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful ⑩________________ (significant)—the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
仿写 (仿效加黑体部分写续写结尾句)当我离开时,托马斯的话仍在我耳边回响,永远提醒我:爱,无论以何种形式存在,都有联系我们、治愈创伤、唤醒灵魂的力量。
As I walked away, the echoes of Thomas’s words rang in my ears, a timeless reminder that love, in all its forms, has 11 .
专题四
试练真题·品考向
本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了九年级写作课上,教师通过调整教学方式,让学生从最初写作表现不佳到创作出优秀作品,并领悟到写作能连接人心、传递人性的意义。
1.D 细节理解题。第一段首句列举了作者在写作课上结识的人物:拯救了小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲,一位现代版的朱丽叶。第二句表达作者的疑惑:塑造了这些人物的学生,究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的。关键信息“my students, who’d created these people”明确表明牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶这些人物是学生创作的虚构角色。
2.D 推理判断题。由题干关键词their first essay 定位到第二段。第一句引入第一篇作文题目(Why is writing important )。第二句说明第一篇作文学生表现不佳的情况:篇幅短、无论点。第四句指出问题根源是题目本身。第五句具体解释学生认为写作本身不重要,并对比反证,假设换成“电脑必要性”则能写好,由此推知,学生对话题缺乏兴趣导致表现不佳。
3.B 词句猜测题。第三段承接第二段尾句介绍作者对教学的调整和效果。第一和第二句介绍作者更换学生感兴趣的话题(健康话题),激发写作兴趣。第三句说明对随后的两篇作文放宽要求:仅限定体裁+论点。接着引入结果:“The results were staggering.”,最后一句描述学生的表现:“diverse topics (选题多样)”“10 to 20 pages each”(篇幅激增→对比首篇“不足一页”)“characters that broadened my view and touched my heart”(内容深刻动人)→所有描述均指向积极、超预期的惊人效果。故staggering与amazing [(尤指好的)惊人的]语义一致,体现从彻底失败到超预期成功的“惊人反转”。
4.A 主旨大意题。首段通过学生写作案例引出写作教学,第二段分析学生第一次写作失败的原因,第三段展示调整教学策略后的显著成效,末段揭示作者认知的转变——从写作是沟通工具到写作是连接人性的桥梁。全文通过教学实践案例,印证了教学相长(Teaching is learning)的教育理念。故选A。
积累
重点词 ①reject vt.拒绝接受 ②workshop n.研讨会,研习班 ③demonstrate vt.表明
派生词 ①(persuade+-sive) persuasive adj.有说服力的 ②(assign+-ment) assignment n. (学生的)作业 ③(state+-ment) statement n.陈述
合成词 ①(heart+break) heartbreak n.心碎 ②(year+book)yearbook n.学校年刊
熟词 生僻义 subject熟义: n.主题;课程 生僻义:n.描述的对象
语块 ①straight A’s全A(满分)成绩 ②modern-day Juliet现代版朱丽叶(比喻因爱情悲剧受苦的人物) ③be interpreted as被理解为…… ④in and of itself本身,本质上 ⑤strike sb. as给某人留下……印象 ⑥meet the specifications符合规范/要求 ⑦take on呈现 ⑧turn in上交 ⑨broaden one’s view拓宽某人的视野 ⑩touch one’s heart触动某人的心 a means of一种……的方式 walk away with最终收获 put us in another’s skin设身处地,换位思考
热点考法·巧图解
1.B 语境猜词义。首句引入话题:“矩阵种植”的创新的园艺设计方法,第二句说明该方法的原则:发挥自然在园艺和设计方面的更大作用(即“让自然主导”的原则)。尾句强调该方法遵循“模仿自然园艺方式”的简洁原则。Eschewing后列举的2种人工手段 (化肥/电动工具),与“让自然主导”的原则相悖。故此处指该方法摒弃化肥与电动工具,Eschewing指“避开,摒弃”,与keeping away from“避免接近;远离;勿靠近”意义相近,故选B。
积累
语块 ①gain in popularity渐受欢迎 ②be referred to as被称为…… ③heavy lifting重担,艰巨的工作 ④run out of用完,耗尽 ⑤put up with忍受;容忍 ⑥take advantage of利用
2.D 逻辑关系+语境猜词义。本段首句是本段段落主旨句:在阅读几百字以上的文本时,相比于在屏幕上阅读,纸质阅读通常更能促进学习。该句强调纸质阅读的好处。画线所在句是对段落主旨的论证,进一步解释纸质书的优势。由此可知, 当实验者把任务从易到难推进的时候,纸质书的优势就会shine through,即它的优势特别明显,更容易被人注意到。因此“shine through”的意思是“变得容易注意到”,即变得明显,与段落主旨相呼应。故选D。
积累
重点词 ①comprehension [ k mpr hen n] n.理解;领悟 ②onscreen [ nsk ri n] adj. & adv.屏幕上(的) ③multitask [ m lti tɑ sk] v.同时做数件事情
派生词 ①experiment n.实验→experimenter n.实验员 ②abstract adj.抽象的→abstraction [ b str k n] n.抽象;提取
熟词 生僻义 ①print n.印刷品,出版物 ②pose v.提出
语块 ①relate to涉及;与……相关;理解 ②draw inferences from从……中推断
3.A 语法关系+语境猜词义。画线词前有冒号,冒号后的内容是对前面的进一步解释、说明。根据冒号的作用可知, “this philosophy”即“the digital declutter”,也就是第二段最后一句提到的“the digital minimalism philosophy”。在第三段开头,作者推荐读者采用declutter的方法来实践,下文接着描述了该方法的具体实施过程,即远离非必要的网上活动,只恢复那些对自己有益的一小部分精选活动,就是做减法,A选项意为“打扫,清理”。故选A。
积累
重点词 ①minimalism n.极简主义 ②examination n.研究,考察 ③massive adj.大量的
派生词 ①(philosophy+-ical) philosophical adj.哲学的 ②(increase+-ing+-ly) increasingly adv.越来越多地 ③tolerable adj.可接受的;可忍受的;可容忍的→intolerable adj.无法忍受的;不能容忍的;完全不可接受的
语块 ①step away from远离 ②move on to接着
4.D 逻辑关系+语境猜词义。第一句为主题句,通过but强对比:狗的抓取习惯本已令人印象深刻,但猫take this behavior up a notch→暗示猫的行为更复杂/有意义。第二句具体说明猫的行为:随意找到东西带给主人。第三句和第四句从“古老食肉动物本能”和“送礼表达爱意”两个方面解释猫的行为。由此推出猫在狗的基础上将“捡回行为”更上一层楼,上升到“有爱意的”馈赠行为,即做得更好或更出色,故选D。do better “做得更好,更胜一筹”。
5.B 构词法猜词义。downside是由“down(向下)+side(方面)”构成的合成词,且后文提到冒着失去那些有不同思维风格的学生的风险。由此可猜测画线词的意思是“不足,缺点”,故选B项。
6.C 代词指代题。画线词所在句提到一些老师的行为:不布置作业(don’t give assignments)+仅表达同情(express sympathy),画线词后一句强调孩子们则认为老师这样做是不关心他们的学业。前后对比说明不布置作业反而对孩子们来说是一种伤害。故it指代前面提到的“Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments”,即C项“Assigning no schoolwork.”,故选C。
积累
重点词 priority n.优先事项;最重要的事
熟词 生僻义 academic熟义:adj.学业的,教学的,学术的 生僻义:n. (学校或学院的)课程
派生词 (dis-相反+service) disservice n.伤害,危害
语块 at any given time在规定时间
7.D 代词指代题。画线词在第二段首句,that用来指代上文提到的事情,因此推断that指代第一段的内容,根据第一段最后一句可知,他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章,由此可推断出that指代“写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章”那件事。故选D。
8.B 句意猜测题。根据画线词上文的“Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don’t worry about it.”可知,safe 此处意为“棒极了”;又由下文“And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.” 可知,作者掌握了滑板落地技巧,他的朋友大声欢呼,由此可推出本句与赞美的话相关,故选B“做得好!”。
抢分必备·三赢练
猜测阅读障碍词的能力
①表明 ②拒绝接受 ③无法忍受的;不能容忍的;完全不可接受的 ④有说服力的 ⑤心碎 ⑥学校年刊 ⑦描述的对象 ⑧(学校或学院的)课程 ⑨拓宽某人的视野 ⑩在规定时间 本身,本质上 设身处地,换位思考 给某人留下……印象 渐受欢迎
分析长难句的能力
1.①定语从句 ②sentence ③几乎找不到一句能称得上是论点的句子
2.①this approach ②aims ③这种方法被称为“矩阵种植”
文本再开发
①persuasive ②choice ③more interesting
④followed ⑤were ⑥in ⑦that/which ⑧believing
⑨rang ⑩significance the power to connect us, to heal wounds, to awaken souls(共66张PPT)
专题四
词句猜测题
词句 猜测题 词句猜测类考查形式以猜测生词、短语和代词指代或语块蕴含的意义为主。语篇文本注重对词汇的深层考查。
阅读B篇 阅读B篇选材往往与人文类相关。如2025全国一卷阅读B篇为记叙文(写作老师对写作的领悟)，2025全国二卷阅读B篇为说明文(医院教师帮助患者在住院期间继续进行课业学习)，2024新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B篇为新闻稿(美国兽医中西医结合治疗动物)，2023新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B篇为记叙文(John发明生态机器)。
2025·全国一卷·B 体裁：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我——教育
In my ninth-grade writing class last year , I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question：“Why is writing important ” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change.
As a new unit started , I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However , my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June , I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance—the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了九年级写作课上，教师通过调整教学方式，让学生从最初写作表现不佳到创作出优秀作品，并领悟到写作能连接人心、传递人性的意义。
1.Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1
A. Ninth graders. B. Students’ parents.
C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters.
细节理解题。第一段首句列举了作者在写作课上结识的人物：拯救了小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲，一位现代版的朱丽叶。第二句表达作者的疑惑：塑造了这些人物的学生，究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的。关键信息“my students, who’d created these people”明确表明牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶这些人物是学生创作的虚构角色。
解析
2.Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A. They were not given enough time.
B. They had a very limited vocabulary.
C. They misunderstood the question.
D. They had little interest in the topic.
推理判断题。由题干关键词their first essay 定位到第二段。第一句引入第一篇作文题目(Why is writing important )。第二句说明第一篇作文学生表现不佳的情况：篇幅短、无论点。第四句指出问题根源是题目本身。第五句具体解释学生认为写作本身不重要，并对比反证，假设换成“电脑必要性”则能写好，由此推知，学生对话题缺乏兴趣导致表现不佳。
解析
3.What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Mixed. B. Amazing.
C. Similar. D. Disturbing.
词句猜测题。第三段承接第二段尾句介绍作者对教学的调整和效果。第一和第二句介绍作者更换学生感兴趣的话题(健康话题)，激发写作兴趣。第三句说明对随后的两篇作文放宽要求：仅限定体
解析
裁+论点。接着引入结果：“The results were staggering.”，最后一句描述学生的表现：“diverse topics (选题多样)”“10 to 20 pages each”(篇幅激增→对比首篇“不足一页”)“characters that broadened my view and touched my heart”(内容深刻动人)→所有描述均指向积极、超预期的惊人效果。故staggering与amazing [(尤指好的)惊人的]语义一致，体现从彻底失败到超预期成功的“惊人反转”。
解析
4.What does the author’s experience show
A. Teaching is learning. B. Still waters run deep.
C. Knowledge is power. D. Practice makes perfect.
主旨大意题。首段通过学生写作案例引出写作教学，第二段分析学生第一次写作失败的原因，第三段展示调整教学策略后的显著成效，末段揭示作者认知的转变——从写作是沟通工具到写作是连接人性的桥梁。全文通过教学实践案例，印证了教学相长(Teaching is learning)的教育理念。故选A。
解析
积累
重点词 ①reject vt.拒绝接受 ②workshop n.研讨会，研习班
③demonstrate vt.表明
派生词 ①(persuade+-sive) persuasive adj.有说服力的
②(assign+-ment) assignment n. (学生的)作业
③(state+-ment) statement n.陈述
合成词 ①(heart+break) heartbreak n.心碎
②(year+book)yearbook n.学校年刊
熟词生僻义 subject熟义： n.主题；课程 生僻义：n.描述的对象
语块 ①straight A’s全A(满分)成绩 ②modern-day Juliet现代版朱丽叶(比喻因爱情悲剧受苦的人物) ③be interpreted as被理解为…… ④in and of itself本身，本质上 ⑤strike sb. as给某人留下……印象 ⑥meet the specifications符合规范/要求 ⑦take on呈现 ⑧turn in上交 ⑨broaden one’s view拓宽某人的视野 ⑩touch one’s heart触动某人的心 a means of一种……的方式
walk away with最终收获 put us in another’s skin设身处地，换位思考
B篇人文类记叙文/说明文
强调“以人为本”
通过讲述个体人物故事(如教师、医院教师、兽医、发明者)这些真实社会场景中的“微小变革者”，传递共情、包容、创新，启迪学生认识到个人行为对社会的积极影响。
把握写作结构
结构上基本是“问题—解决—意义/感悟”式(如2025全国一卷B篇：学生写作困境→调整策略→感悟)，针对该结构均会有设题(如上面的2~4题)。
①尾段常引用人物的话或感悟收尾，也是设题点(如2025全国一卷B篇的“teach us what it means to be human”，2025全国二卷B篇的“keep those dreams alive”，2024新课标Ⅰ卷B篇的“do anything to help an animal”)。
②前3题常侧重考查细节理解题、推理判断题和观点态度题，最后一题(必关联结尾升华段)常考查推断题或主旨题。
③新闻稿：冲突引入+案例佐证+数据支撑(如2024新课标Ⅰ卷B篇中Farber的革新疗法与行业趋势)
关注4点
①记叙文时间线+主题递进：具体年月日、时间状语从句，表时间先后顺序的衔接词(如上文加框的3个时间点)
②特殊点：表转折的but、 however、 although、 actually等词后的内容；表因果的词如so前后的内容、表褒贬感彩的形容词、副词或动词或短语(涉及观点态度/人物特征题)。
③加汉语注释的词：加注释的词汇有时会在选项中出现。
④关注干扰项特征：张冠李戴、偷梁换柱、推断过度、以偏概全、无中生有、颠倒是非。
高考热考法1
1.2025·浙江高考1月·C第1段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——自然环境
A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle： to garden more like nature does.
单词/短语含义猜测题——4角度快猜词
What does the underlined word“Eschewing”in the first paragraph mean
A. Running out of.
B. Keeping away from.
C. Putting up with.
D. Taking advantage of.
语境猜词义。首句引入话题：“矩阵种植”的创新的园艺设计方 法，第二句说明该方法的原则：发挥自然在园艺和设计方面的更大作用(即“让自然主导”的原则)。尾句强调该方法遵循“模仿自然园艺方式”的简洁原则。Eschewing后列举的2种人工手段 (化肥/电动工具)，与“让自然主导”的原则相悖。故此处指该方法摒弃化肥与电动工具，Eschewing指“避开，摒弃”，与keeping away from“避免接近；远离；勿靠近”意义相近，故选B。
解析
积累
语块 ①gain in popularity渐受欢迎 ②be referred to as被称为…… ③heavy lifting重担，艰巨的工作 ④run out of用完，耗尽 ⑤put up with忍受；容忍 ⑥take advantage of利用
2.2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·C第1~2段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——科学研究
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often“no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
What does the underlined phrase“shine through”in paragraph 2 mean
A. Seem unlikely to last.
B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use.
D. Become easy to notice.
逻辑关系+语境猜词义。本段首句是本段段落主旨句：在阅读几百字以上的文本时，相比于在屏幕上阅读，纸质阅读通常更能促进学习。该句强调纸质阅读的好处。画线所在句是对段落主旨的论证，进一步解释纸质书的优势。由此可知, 当实验者把任务从易到难推进的时候，纸质书的优势就会shine through，即它的优势特别明显，更容易被人注意到。因此“shine through”的意思是“变得容易注意到”，即变得明显，与段落主旨相呼应。故选D。
解析
积累
重点词 ①comprehension [ k mpr hen n] n.理解；领悟
②onscreen [ nsk ri n] adj. & adv.屏幕上(的)
③multitask [ m lti tɑ sk] v.同时做数件事情
派生词 ①experiment n.实验→experimenter n.实验员
②abstract adj.抽象的→abstraction [ b str k n] n.抽象；提取
熟词 生僻义 ①print n.印刷品，出版物 ②pose v.提出
语块 ①relate to涉及；与……相关；理解
②draw inferences from从……中推断
3.2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·C第2~3段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——社会生活
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting
this philosophy： the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 数码净化的办法：step away→add back a small number
What does the underlined word“declutter”in paragraph 3 mean
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
语法关系+语境猜词义。画线词前有冒号，冒号后的内容是对前面的进一步解释、说明。根据冒号的作用可知, “this philosophy”即“the digital declutter”，也就是第二段最后一句提到的“the digital minimalism philosophy”。在第三段开头，作者推荐读者采用declutter的方法来实践，下文接着描述了该方法的具体实施过程，即远离非必要的网上活动，只恢复那些对自己有益的一小部分精选活动，就是做减法，A选项意为“打扫，清理”。故选A。
解析
积累
重点词 ①minimalism n.极简主义 ②examination n.研究，考察 ③massive adj.大量的
派生词 ①(philosophy+-ical) philosophical adj.哲学的
②(increase+-ing+-ly) increasingly adv.越来越多地
③tolerable adj.可接受的；可忍受的；可容忍的→intolerable adj.无法忍受的；不能容忍的；完全不可接受的
语块 ①step away from远离 ②move on to接着
4.2024·全国甲卷·B第3段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——人与动物
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
Which best explains the phrase“take ... up a notch”in paragraph 3
A. Perform appropriately.
B. Move faster.
C. Act strangely.
D. Do better.
逻辑关系+语境猜词义。第一句为主题句，通过but强对比：狗的抓取习惯本已令人印象深刻，但猫take this behavior up a notch→暗示猫的行为更复杂/有意义。第二句具体说明猫的行为：随意找到东西带给主人。第三句和第四句从“古老食肉动物本能”和“送礼表达爱意”两个方面解释猫的行为。由此推出猫在狗的基础上将“捡回行为”更上一层楼，上升到“有爱意的”馈赠行为，即做得更好或更出色，故选D。do better “做得更好，更胜一筹”。
解析
5.新高考Ⅱ卷·B第3~4段 体裁：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我——校园生活
Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect (感染) other students.
Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare，“But I’m just not creative.”
What does the underlined word“downside”in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Mistake. B. Drawback.
C. Difficulty. D. Burden.
构词法猜词义。downside是由“down(向下)+side(方面)”构成的合成词，且后文提到冒着失去那些有不同思维风格的学生的风险。由此可猜测画线词的意思是“不足，缺点”，故选B项。
解析
设题特点
猜测画线词/短语的含义包括理解生僻词块含义、特定语境下熟词的生僻含义。
常见设问方式
①What does/do the underlined word(s) ... mean/refer to
②What can best replace the underlined word(s)
图解技巧13
4角度快猜词
1.据语境/瞻前顾后推词义—瞻前顾后，寻找上下文可以推断画线词词义的线索
2.4种逻辑关系猜词法—利用逻辑衔接词前后的内容猜画线词含义
3.利用语法关系猜测词义
4.根据构词法猜词义
高考热考法2
6.2025·全国二卷·B第3~4段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——教育
Still, in room 386, academics don’t come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority.“If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn，”Ho says.“I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.”
代词猜测题——就近原则找指代
There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，”Ho says.“They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.”
What does the underlined word“it”refer to in paragraph 4
A. Offering regular lessons. B. Paying extra attention.
C. Assigning no schoolwork. D. Showing no sympathy.
代词指代题。画线词所在句提到一些老师的行为：不布置作业(don’t give assignments)+仅表达同情(express sympathy)，画线词后一句强调孩子们则认为老师这样做是不关心他们的学业。前后对比说明不布置作业反而对孩子们来说是一种伤害。故it指代前面提到的“Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments”，即C项“Assigning no schoolwork.”，故选C。
解析
积累
重点词 priority n.优先事项；最重要的事
熟词生僻义 academic熟义：adj.学业的，教学的，学术的
生僻义：n. (学校或学院的)课程
派生词 (dis-相反+service) disservice n.伤害，危害
语块 at any given time在规定时间
7.新高考Ⅰ卷·C第1~2段 体裁：记叙文 主题语境：人与社会——文学
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea： Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way： Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Developing a serious mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
代词指代题。画线词在第二段首句，that用来指代上文提到的事 情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句可知，他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章，由此可推断出that指代“写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章”那件事。故选D。
解析
设题特点
代词猜测题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的所指。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。
常见设问方式
①What does the underlined word“this/it/them/which ...”refer to
②The underlined part“it/that/they/which ...”in paragraph ... refers to ____________.
图解技巧14
就近原则找指代
高考热考法3
8.全国甲卷·C第2段 体裁：记叙文 主题语境：人与社会——人际关系
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite： Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don’t worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my
句意猜测题——意义吻合推句意
hand, and Toby came over, helping me up： Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting：“Safe! Safe! Safe!”And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
What do the underlined words“Safe! Safe! Safe!”probably mean
A. Be careful! B. Well done!
C. No way! D. Don’t worry!
句意猜测题。根据画线词上文的“Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don’t worry about it.”可知，safe 此处意为“棒极了”；又由下文“And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.” 可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，他的朋友大声欢呼，由此可推出本句与赞美的话相关，故选B“做得好!”。
解析
设题特点
理解某一个句子的本意或外延含义，需理解前后句所表达的含义。
常见设问方式
What does the underlined sentence/the expression in paragraph 1 mean
图解技巧15 意义吻合推句意
猜测阅读障碍词的能力 (2025全国一卷B篇+3个技巧对应片段)
重点词 demonstrate vt. ①_______ reject vt. ②__________
派生词 in-+tolerable →intolerable adj. ③________ ____________________________ ______________ persuade+ -sive→ persuasive adj. ④_________
______________
合成词 heart+break→heartbreak n. ⑤________ year+book →yearbook n. ⑥___________
表明
拒绝接受
无法忍受的；不能容忍的；完全不可接受的
有说服力的
心碎
学校年刊
熟词 生僻 义 subject 熟义：n.主题；课程 生僻义：n. ⑦____________ academic 熟义：adj.学业的，教学的，学术的 生僻义： n.
⑧_______________
_______________
描述的对象
(学校或学院的)课程
语块 broaden one’s view ⑨____________ ______________ at any given time ⑩____________
in and of itself ____________ put us in another’s skin ____________
______________
strike sb. as ____________ ______________ gain in popularity ____________
拓宽某人的视野
在规定时间
本身，本质上
设身处地，换位思考
给某人留下……印象
渐受欢迎
分析长难句的能力
1.Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement.
试分析：该句是并列句。that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement是①______________，修饰名词②____________。
试翻译：大多数文章连一页纸都没写满, ③______________________ ___________________。
定语从句
sentence
几乎找不到一句能称得上是论点的句子
2.Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.
试分析：主语是①________________，谓语是②_______，不定式复合结构for nature to do ... and ... designing 为宾语。过去分词短语Referred to as matrix planting为状语。
试翻译：③____________________________，旨在让自然承担花园里大部分的繁重工作，甚至参与部分设计。
this approach
aims
这种方法被称为“矩阵种植”
文本再开发
语法填空
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a ①________________ (persuade) piece on a health-related topic of their ②_______ (choose). This time they found the exercise much ③_____________________ (interesting). For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit
④___________ (follow) by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre and that it contain a thesis. The results ⑤______ (be) staggering. The students took on diverse
persuasive
choice
more interesting
followed
were
topics and turned ⑥______ stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters ⑦____________ broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class ⑧__________ (believe) that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell ⑨________ (ring) in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful ⑩____________ (significant)—the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
in
that/which
believing
rang
significance
仿写 (仿效加黑体部分写续写结尾句)当我离开时，托马斯的话仍在我耳边回响，永远提醒我：爱，无论以何种形式存在，都有联系我们、治愈创伤、唤醒灵魂的力量。
As I walked away, the echoes of Thomas’s words rang in my ears, a timeless reminder that love, in all its forms, has ___________________ ___________________________________.
the power to connect us, to heal wounds, to awaken souls
