专题五“读、析、寻、排、代” 快解阅读七选五
选材 主要为说明文,偶尔涉及记叙文,主题常与人与自我、人与社会相关。语篇有带小标题和不带小标题(难度相对较大)2种形式。
设题 选项分为主旨概括句、总结归纳句、衔接过渡句和细节句。多余的两个选项往往也从这4方面设置,如主旨概括句和总结归纳句过于宽泛或以偏概全,衔接过渡句不能反映行文结构,细节句与上下文脱节。
试练真题·品考向
2025·全国一卷 体裁:记叙文 主题语境:人与自我——优秀品行
An Unsung Hero
Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning The College Cafe has just that, and more. 1
Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. 2 As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day ” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. 3 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve.
One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. 4 “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said.
“I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said. 5 She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.
A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B. She has two children aged eight and four.
C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup.
E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.
F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
阅读七选五“四步法”
第一步 速浏览,定主旨
快速浏览,据文章内容,尤其首段、分段首句和尾段, 弄清文章话题和大意。
第二步 析选项,提核心
读选项,标记表示逻辑关系的副词及连词,标记代词和核心主题词汇,判断选项在原文中的位置(段首、段中、段尾)。综合概括每个选项的意思,结合文章话题确定核心点,并在选项旁做记录。
第三步 看位置,定答案
①先做段首、段尾题,结合已归纳的选项核心点迅速搞定主题句或总结句。
找相关联系(词汇、代词)、分析逻辑关系+选项核心点
②再做段中设空题(过渡句或解释句)。
③找联系:前后句的时态、词汇的复现或同现、代词的指代、上下文的各种逻辑关系、工整平行的句式结构对比联系已归纳的选项核心点确定答案。
第四步 代所选,看通顺
全部填完后代入所选句,通篇理解一下,看是否文通意顺,是否有别扭的地方,再调整。
第1讲 循8类逻辑关系 补全首、中、尾
关注点 设空位置仍为段首、段中和段尾3种,以段中设空为主,2025全国一卷没有考查段首句。
含有明显逻辑衔接词的题变少,考查隐性逻辑衔接和语篇层面的题有所增加,注重对内在意义的连贯的考查和语义连贯的考查。
关键能力·巧索解
文章的句与句之间、段落与段落之间存在逻辑关系,这种逻辑关系可以通过句意、逻辑词或标志词判断。
技巧1 句子结构或意义上的并列关系
标志/逻辑词 and、or、also、as well as、as well、together with、along with、firstly、secondly等
1.2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·片段 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与社会——艺术
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ____________ You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
2.2023·浙江高考1月·片段 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与社会——旅行
小标题是主旨:找旅行社
Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. ____________ Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals.
A. Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B. You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C. The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D. That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E. You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F. Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G. He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
技巧2 句子结构或意义上的递进关系(后句是前句的递进或补充)
标志/ 逻辑词 moreover、furthermore、plus、and、also、even、besides、additionally、in addition、what’s more、not only ... but (also) ...
even worse、worse/better still、to make matters worse、more importantly、actually
3.2025·浙江高考1月·片段 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与社会——人际沟通
·Consider the best method to deliver your message.
If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent, consider sending an email. Written communication will give your audience more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions. ____________
Building effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort.
A. Be patient.
B. Get the audience involved.
C. The best messages are often simple.
D. Speak directly to what matters to them.
E. You may be surprised by what your listeners offer.
F. It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.
G. As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say.
4.2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·片段 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与自我——认识自我、完善自我
情态动词过去式的呼应、人称代词的照应提示正确选项特征
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____________ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
技巧3 句子结构或意义上的顺承关系
标志/逻辑词 then、afterwards、following that、finally、eventually、ultimately、meanwhile、after、from then on、later、after a while、not ... until
5.2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·片段 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与社会——艺术
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ____________
A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
技巧4 句子结构或意义上的因果关系(前因后果/前果后因)
结果+ since、now that、because、for 原因
on account of、because of、as a consequence/result of、result from、arise from
原因+ as a result/consequence、therefore、thus、consequently、so、that’s why 结果
set off (引发;激起)、give rise to、contribute to、lead to、result in、be responsible for
6.2025·全国二卷·片段 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与社会——志愿服务
·You’ll feel like you have more time.
People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. ____________
A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before.
G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
7.2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·片段 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与社会——旅游
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ____________ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
技巧5 句子结构或意义上的解释关系(后句是对前一句的具体解释,注意同义所指的相关表达)
标志/逻辑词 to be specific、specifically、clearly、namely、that is to say、that is、that means
8.2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·片段 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与自我——外语学习
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____________ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
A. I don’t often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don’t want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
技巧6 句子结构或意义上的举例和论证(后句举例是为了证明前一句)
标志词 for example/instance、like、range from ... to ...、such as、take ... for example
褒贬词 先介绍优点或弊端,然后举例论证;除标志词外,看选项情感色彩:情态动词、形容词、副词、动词和名词
9.2023·全国乙卷·片段 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与社会——科普知识
Why are indoor plants good for you →主旨:室内植物的好处
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “ There are many benefits to growing plants indoors. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. ________.
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
技巧7 句子结构或意义上的转折/对比/让步关系
(空处与空前空后两句话之间为意义上的转折/对比/让步)
标志/ 逻辑词 转折 however、though、yet、still、otherwise、nevertheless、not ... but、(un)fortunately、thankfully
对比 instead (of)、rather than、on the contrary、in/by contrast、in comparison with、compared with
让步 in spite of/despite+n./pron, even if/though, though/although/while, whether ... or ..., whatever/whoever/no matter what/who等+从句
10.2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·片段 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与自我——外语学习
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it’s not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____________ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.
A. I don’t often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don’t want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
11.2024·浙江高考1月·片段 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与自我——善于学习
... We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses.
The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. ____________ “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going.
A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
技巧8 总结和概括
段首 段落主旨句 阅读段落内容,提炼中心词,根据中心词定答案
段尾 串联各段主旨,总结全文主旨,定答案 段落总结句 总结空前内容,抓主旨,确定能概括总结该段内容的选项
12.2025·全国二卷·片段 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与社会——志愿服务
·You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.
① Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.
· ②
Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come.
A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before.
G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
13.2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·片段 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与自我——认识自我、完善自我
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness”. On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____________ 段尾总结句:应含有核心词汇:善行
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
14.2023·全国甲卷·片段 体裁:议论文 主题语境:人与自我——完善自我
Tricks to Becoming a More Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common
There’s one answer: ____________. 首段段尾句
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
抢分必备·微练
猜测阅读障碍词的能力 (2025全国一卷七选五+8个技巧对应片段)
重点词 handy adj. ①___________ prejudice n. ②___________
派生词/ 合成词 depress+-ion→depression n. ③___________ idiom+-atic→idiomatic adj. ④________________
pick+me+up→ pick-me-up n. ⑤___________ short+term→ short-term adj. ⑥___________
语块 back and forth ⑦___________ start sth. off ⑧___________
get in the way of ⑨___________ have every intention of doing sth. ⑩___________
serve up 11___________ make the most of 12___________
break down 13___________ be worth the effort 14___________
文本再开发
语法填空
One thing Murphy may not know is ①________________ her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much ②________________ (good) day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, ③________________ senior political science major, loves coffee and ④________________ (go) to the cafe at least six days a week. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready ⑤________________ class. “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, ⑥________________ always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said.
仿写 (仿效加黑体部分介绍事物)最精彩的部分是张择端的《清明上河图》,这件中国艺术的杰作,为我们了解中国古代生活提供重要视角。
The highlight is Zhang Zeduan’s Qingming Scroll, ⑦_________________________________________, which offers us an important insight into life in ancient China.
专题五
试练真题·品考向
本文讲述了一位大学咖啡馆员工工作诚恳,为学生顾客竭诚服务的故事,体现劳动的价值,传递勤勉敬业的劳动教育真谛。
1.E 空前以设问句介绍咖啡馆提供课间休息的场所和提神饮品(quick pick-me-up),空前的and more (不止以上服务)暗示空处需具体说明“更多”内容,选项E用“not only ... but also ...”结构,点明咖啡馆不仅提供饮品还提供微笑,完美衔接下文对员工Catherine Murphy微笑服务的描写,且呼应标题“An Unsung Hero”。
2.D 空前描述 Murphy在机器间穿梭制作饮品的过程(goes back and forth between machines),空后描述顾客从她手中接过饮料时(customer grabs the drink),她微笑着问候。由此可知,空处应衔接“制作饮品”和“顾客接过饮品”这两个动作,故D项“完成订单后,她会喊出杯子上顾客的名字”能与上述2个动作形成“制作→叫号→接饮品”的动作链。
3.C 空前强调Murphy每天早起并准时上班(gets up at a quarter to five、get to work on time),空后引用Murphy 的话解释她这么做(do so)的原因是为学生做咖啡。由此可知,空处应解释她具体做的事情(即do so中的so)。选项C中的“arrives early”就是她所做的事情,与空前的“每天早起”形成递进,且“serve students early”呼应下文“为学生做咖啡”的原因。
4.F 本段通过学生Joanna Wright的视角评价Murphy微笑的感染力和她对学生情绪的影响。上文提到Joanna “每周去6天”,选项F解释她去咖啡馆的原因(starts her day off good),并呼应下文Murphy微笑 “puts me in a cheerful mood”;选项F中的her指代空前一句中的Joanna Wright。
5.G 结尾段以Murphy的直接引语(enjoy working)表达她对工作的热爱,下文叙述她会留下继续做她所热爱的工作(staying and continuing doing what she loves)。空处需体现她对工作的长期投入。选项G用“17 years”强调其服务年限之长, “can’t imagine working anywhere else” 暗示其对咖啡馆的感情,与空前空后的“enjoy working in the cafe”和“doing what she loves”情感一致。
积累
重点词 ①grab vt.抓住,拿到;(尤指匆忙地)取,拿,吃,喝 ②line n.队伍 ③genuine adj.真诚的
熟词 生僻义 major熟义:n.主修课程;专业 生僻义:n.主修学生;主修生
派生词 (un-+sung) unsung adj.未被颂扬的,被埋没的
合成词 (pick+me+up) pick-me-up n.提神物品
语块 ①get in the way of妨碍 ②have every intention of doing sth.一心想做某事 ③call out大声呼叫,呼唤 ④serve up端上(食物);提供 ⑤start sth. off使某事开始 ⑥have a huge smile on one’s face笑容满面 ⑦in a cheerful mood心情愉悦 ⑧back and forth反复来回 ⑨political science政治学
第1讲
关键能力·巧索解
1.C 该段提出的建议是:从小着手,作者建议使用素描本进行小的试画。接着说明该建议的理由:提供灵感来源、可能是将来更复杂的作品的基础。后文提到你能够回顾自己的艺术之旅,看到自己的成长。由此可知,空处与“使用素描本”为并列关系,应说明作者的第二条建议:保存早期的作品,故C项正确。
2.G 由上文“A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. (一个好的旅行社有时可以帮你找到打折的票。)”及下文“Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. (这样你就不必为了吃饭而每天三次在行驶的火车上穿过几节车厢了。)”可知,好的旅行社不仅可以帮你找到打折的票,还可以缩短从卧铺到餐车的距离,G项中“book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner”与前后文对应,因此推断G项符合语境。
3.F 根据小标题可知,本段建议沟通者考虑传递信息的最佳方式。空前已列出书面沟通的好处(让读者有更多时间回顾、认真思考并提出问题来跟进)。F项“这也会为他们提供一份方便查阅的记录”,进一步说明了书面沟通的另一个好处,与上文衔接紧密。空处应与空前句子形成递进关系, 补充电子邮件的另一个相关好处。选项F使用also(还)添加另一个直接相关的好处:书面沟通提供“记录以供参考”。这强化了电子邮件的优势。
积累
重点词 handy adj.易使用的;容易做的;便利的
语块 ①think over仔细考虑 ②follow up (with)对……采取进一步行动 ③be worth the effort值得付出努力
4.C 空前介绍:你可能想要亲朋好友来帮你增加你的列表,空后提出“这样,你们就能交换想法,谈谈你们各自的特殊之处和你们个性中的闪光点”。故空处应该是进一步讨论或建议:他们甚至可能喜欢尝试做这个练习。 C项是前文内容的递进,也是后文的过渡。选项中的They指代“a friend or family member”, “have a go”和下文的“exchange thoughts”是前后承接的关系。
提示:空前一句和空后一句中的情态动词could暗示正确选项线索——含有情态动词; That way 承接 have a go at doing the exercise “尝试做这个练习”。
5.G 前文提到经常绘画,并且无论画静物、肖像还是风景画,都要尽可能多地实物写生。本空顺承前文,应说明经常绘画的结果,G项“你将形成只有通过反复练习才能得到的绘画肌肉记忆”。G项中的repetition 与前文的often是同义表达。
6.G 该段落的小标题是“你会感觉自己有更多时间”,空前提出 “把时间投入到社区事业中实际上会让你觉得自己拥有更多时间”的研究结论,故空处需解释“感觉时间更多”的原因。G选项“志愿活动让你觉得自己有能力,并且激励你充分利用每一天”是“feel like you have more time”的原因:“makes you feel capable”和“inspires you to make the most of each day”。
积累
重点词 ①cause n.事业 ②prejudice n.偏见 ③capable adj.能干的 ④lifelong adj.终身的,毕生的
派生词 (depress+-ion)depression n.抑郁(症)
语块 ①have a lifelong effect on对……有终生影响 ②break down打破,消除 ③make the most of充分利用
7.B 由空后的回答“Certainly not.”可知,空处应是一个疑问句。又前文提到旅行带来了很多积极的影响, 且导致了过度旅游的问题。B项“那么,我们应该停止旅行吗 ”为疑问句,且与前文的“旅游业的快速增长导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游”为因果关系。故选B。
积累
派生词 unacceptable adj.不能接受(或允许、同意)的
语块 ①expand one’s minds拓展思维 ②minimize pressure on尽量减少对……的压力
8.F 空前一句提到提交完美的、专业的手稿对于出版的重要性,后一句提到“没有编辑会容忍单词拼写错误”。F项是对上文的进一步解释,指出提交完美原稿的要求是语法正确和零拼写错误。由此可知,F项符合语境。F选项中的That指代的是前句的“submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript”。
9.E 本段先引出专家Will Spoelstra的观点:在室内种植植物有许多好处。接着阐述几个研究的成果:室内植物能提升创造力、专注力和记忆力;盆栽植物能通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体净化周围的空气,还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质。空处应列举此类盆栽植物,E项“和平百合和魔鬼常青藤是此类植物中最好的2个例子”。
10.A 空后是转折词However, 其后的there’s nothing better“没有比这个词典更好的了”说明的是好的含义,由此可知, However前面表达的应该是不好的方面,该段以主语I为主, 且都是关于“我”与词典的事情,故正确选项主语应为I,A 项“我并不经常用这本词典”与后文“然而,如果需要查词的起源或了解其用法的例子,没有比《牛津大词典(简编本)》更好的了”形成转折关系,且选项中的this dictionary 指代the Shorter Oxford Dictionary。 A选项在褒贬、转折逻辑和词汇衔接方面与原文完美契合。
积累
派生词 (idiom+-atic)idiomatic [ di m t k] adj.表达方式地道的;符合(某一)语言习惯的
语块 与使用工具书有关:two-volume copy两卷本 习语:pick up (碰巧或廉价地)买到
11.A 根据前文“在线学习最明显的优势是可以随时随地学习”及后文“我认为很多人都忽略了一点,那就是学习进度很容易滞后”可知本空要说跟“学习时间”有关的话题。A 项“但这并不意味着没有截止日期”与空前“可以随时随地学习”构成转折关系,且A 选项中的 deadlines和本段中的 anytime 和“fall behind schedule”均与“时间”相关。that指代“you can study anywhere and anytime”。
积累
派生词 self-motivated adj.自我激励的;自我勉励的;主动的
语块 ①lose sight of sth.忽略某事 ②fall behind schedule滞后 ③take an online course上网课
12.①E 空处是段落主题句,概括小标题中“live longer if you volunteer” 的原因。空后引用华盛顿大学的研究:55岁及以上的志愿者比同龄人有更好的记忆力和保持更久的健康状态。 E选项“For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. (对成年人来说,志愿活动能带来显著的身体健康益处)”概括了空后关于成年人做志愿活动对身体健康有益的内容。选项中的adults是空后的研究对象“adults 55 and older”的原词复现;“physical health benefits” 衔接空后的“better memory”“overall health”等细节。
②C 空处为段落小标题, 需总结本段核心。由该段出现的关键词volunteering、 teenage years、teen、positive effects和these effects可知,该段落讨论的是志愿服务对青少年的影响。故C项“志愿服务对孩子和青少年有终生的影响”概括了段落内容。 选项中的effect是原词复现,kids and teenagers覆盖该段讨论的年龄群体teenager、teen; “lifelong effect”是“affect well-being in the years to come”的同义表达。
积累
重点词 ①overall adj.全面的 ②well-being n.健康
合成词 (short+term)short-term adj.短期的
语块 ①the years to come未来 与身心健康相关:②add physical activities into one’s life把运动融入生活 ③increased self-confidence提升的自信 ④maintain overall health保持整体健康 ⑤lower rates of depression降低抑郁率 ⑥provide significant physical health benefits带来显著的身体健康益处
13.F 本段结构为:做法→举例→总结。上文介绍:写下“善行”,并且列出一些你为他人做的好事。下文列举了一些生活中琐碎的好事的例子。本空是对本段的总结,再次重申无论这件好事是什么、有多小,要把善行记下来,故F项正确。
提示:选项中的it指代act of kindness,且write it down是祈使句,与前文的list all the positive things you’ve done for others 句式相同, 且list与write down 属于近义词。
14.G 前文列出了3种情况:交通堵塞、排长队、等待假期开始。 空处应总结上述3种情况的共同点,且与后文的“需要锻炼耐心”呼应。G项“它们都是需要额外耐心的情况”。 选项中的They指代上文的3种情况,patience是原词复现。故G项正确。
抢分必备·微练
猜测阅读障碍词的能力
①易使用的;容易做的;便利的 ②偏见 ③抑郁(症)
④表达方式地道的;符合(某一)语言习惯的 ⑤提神物品 ⑥短期的 ⑦反复来回 ⑧使某事开始 ⑨妨碍 ⑩一心想做某事 端上(食物);提供 充分利用 打破,消除 值得付出努力
文本再开发
①that ②better ③a ④goes ⑤for ⑥which ⑦a masterwork of Chinese art(共83张PPT)
专题五
“读、析、寻、排、代” 快解阅读七选五
选材 主要为说明文，偶尔涉及记叙文，主题常与人与自我、人与社会相关。语篇有带小标题和不带小标题(难度相对较大)2种形式。
设题 选项分为主旨概括句、总结归纳句、衔接过渡句和细节句。多余的两个选项往往也从这4方面设置，如主旨概括句和总结归纳句过于宽泛或以偏概全，衔接过渡句不能反映行文结构，细节句与上下文脱节。
2025·全国一卷 体裁：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我——优秀品行
An Unsung Hero
Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning The College Cafe has just that, and more. ___1___
Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. 2 As the customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day ” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. 3 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning，” Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve.
One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political
science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week.
4 “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood，” Wright said.
“I enjoy working in the cafe，” Murphy said. 5 She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.
A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B. She has two children aged eight and four.
C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup.
E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.
F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
本文讲述了一位大学咖啡馆员工工作诚恳，为学生顾客竭诚服务的故事，体现劳动的价值，传递勤勉敬业的劳动教育真谛。
1.E 空前以设问句介绍咖啡馆提供课间休息的场所和提神饮品(quick pick-me-up)，空前的and more (不止以上服务)暗示空处需具体说明“更多”内容，选项E用“not only ... but also ...”结构，点明咖啡馆不仅提供饮品还提供微笑，完美衔接下文对员工Catherine Murphy微笑服务的描写，且呼应标题“An Unsung Hero”。
答案与解析
2.D 空前描述 Murphy在机器间穿梭制作饮品的过程(goes back and forth between machines)，空后描述顾客从她手中接过饮料时(customer grabs the drink)，她微笑着问候。由此可知，空处应衔接“制作饮品”和“顾客接过饮品”这两个动作，故D项“完成订单后，她会喊出杯子上顾客的名字”能与上述2个动作形成“制作→叫号→接饮品”的动作链。
答案与解析
3.C 空前强调Murphy每天早起并准时上班(gets up at a quarter to five、get to work on time)，空后引用Murphy 的话解释她这么做(do so)的原因是为学生做咖啡。由此可知，空处应解释她具体做的事情(即do so中的so)。选项C中的“arrives early”就是她所做的事情，与空前的“每天早起”形成递进，且“serve students early”呼应下文“为学生做咖啡”的原因。
答案与解析
4.F 本段通过学生Joanna Wright的视角评价Murphy微笑的感染力和她对学生情绪的影响。上文提到Joanna “每周去6天”，选项F解释她去咖啡馆的原因(starts her day off good)，并呼应下文Murphy微笑 “puts me in a cheerful mood”；选项F中的her指代空前一句中的Joanna Wright。
答案与解析
5.G 结尾段以Murphy的直接引语(enjoy working)表达她对工作的热爱，下文叙述她会留下继续做她所热爱的工作(staying and continuing doing what she loves)。空处需体现她对工作的长期投 入。选项G用“17 years”强调其服务年限之长, “can’t imagine working anywhere else” 暗示其对咖啡馆的感情，与空前空后的“enjoy working in the cafe”和“doing what she loves”情感一致。
答案与解析
积累
重点词 ①grab vt.抓住，拿到；(尤指匆忙地)取，拿，吃，喝
②line n.队伍 ③genuine adj.真诚的
熟词生僻义 Major 熟义：n.主修课程；专业 生僻义：n.主修学生；主修生
派生词 (un-+sung) unsung adj.未被颂扬的，被埋没的
合成词 (pick+me+up) pick-me-up n.提神物品
语块 ①get in the way of妨碍 ②have every intention of doing sth.一心想做某事 ③call out大声呼叫，呼唤 ④serve up端上(食物)；提供 ⑤start sth. off使某事开始 ⑥have a huge smile on one’s face笑容满面 ⑦in a cheerful mood心情愉悦
⑧back and forth反复来回 ⑨political science政治学
阅读七选五“四步法”
第一步 速浏览，定主旨
快速浏览，据文章内容，尤其首段、分段首句和尾段, 弄清文章话题和大意。
第二步 析选项，提核心
读选项，标记表示逻辑关系的副词及连词，标记代词和核心主题词汇，判断选项在原文中的位置(段首、段中、段尾)。综合概括每个选项的意思，结合文章话题确定核心点，并在选项旁做记录。
第三步 看位置，定答案
①先做段首、段尾题，结合已归纳的选项核心点迅速搞定主题句或总结句。
②再做段中设空题(过渡句或解释句)。
③找联系：前后句的时态、词汇的复现或同现、代词的指代、上下文的各种逻辑关系、工整平行的句式结构对比联系已归纳的选项核心点确定答案。
第四步 代所选，看通顺
全部填完后代入所选句，通篇理解一下，看是否文通意顺，是否有别扭的地方，再调整。
第1讲 循8类逻辑关系
补全首、中、尾
关注点 设空位置仍为段首、段中和段尾3种，以段中设空为主，2025全国一卷没有考查段首句。
含有明显逻辑衔接词的题变少，考查隐性逻辑衔接和语篇层面的题有所增加，注重对内在意义的连贯的考查和语义连贯的考查。
文章的句与句之间、段落与段落之间存在逻辑关系，这种逻辑关系可以通过句意、逻辑词或标志词判断。
技巧1 句子结构或意义上的并列关系
标志/ 逻辑词 and、or、also、as well as、as well、together with、along with、firstly、secondly等
1.2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——艺术
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ________ You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
1.C 该段提出的建议是：从小着手，作者建议使用素描本进行小的试画。接着说明该建议的理由：提供灵感来源、可能是将来更复杂的作品的基础。后文提到你能够回顾自己的艺术之旅，看到自己的成长。由此可知，空处与“使用素描本”为并列关系，应说明作者的第二条建议：保存早期的作品，故C项正确。
答案与解析
2.2023·浙江高考1月·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——旅行
Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. ____________ Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals.
A. Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B. You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C. The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D. That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E. You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F. Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G. He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
2.G 由上文“A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. (一个好的旅行社有时可以帮你找到打折的票。)”及下文“Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. (这样你就不必为了吃饭而每天三次在行驶的火车上穿过几节车厢了。)”可知，好的旅行社不仅可以帮你找到打折的票，还可以缩短从卧铺到餐车的距离，G项中“book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner”与前后文对应，因此推断G项符合语境。
答案与解析
技巧2 句子结构或意义上的递进关系(后句是前句的递进或补充)
标志/ 逻辑词 moreover、furthermore、plus、and、also、even、besides、additionally、in addition、what’s more、not only ... but (also) ...
even worse、worse/better still、to make matters worse、more importantly、actually
3.2025·浙江高考1月·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——人际沟通
·Consider the best method to deliver your message.
If the information you’re communicating isn’t urgent, consider sending an email. Written communication will give your audience more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions. ____________
Building effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort.
A. Be patient.
B. Get the audience involved.
C. The best messages are often simple.
D. Speak directly to what matters to them.
E. You may be surprised by what your listeners offer.
F. It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.
G. As the speaker, you already know what you’re going to say.
3.F 根据小标题可知，本段建议沟通者考虑传递信息的最佳方 式。空前已列出书面沟通的好处(让读者有更多时间回顾、认真思考并提出问题来跟进)。F项“这也会为他们提供一份方便查阅的记录”，进一步说明了书面沟通的另一个好处，与上文衔接紧密。空处应与空前句子形成递进关系, 补充电子邮件的另一个相关好处。选项F使用also(还)添加另一个直接相关的好处：书面沟通提供“记录以供参考”。这强化了电子邮件的优势。
答案与解析
积累
重点词 handy adj.易使用的；容易做的；便利的
语块 ①think over仔细考虑 ②follow up (with)对……采取进一步行动 ③be worth the effort值得付出努力
4.2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与自我——认识自我、完善自我
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____________ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
4.C 空前介绍：你可能想要亲朋好友来帮你增加你的列表，空后提出“这样，你们就能交换想法，谈谈你们各自的特殊之处和你们个性中的闪光点”。故空处应该是进一步讨论或建议：他们甚至可能喜欢尝试做这个练习。 C项是前文内容的递进，也是后文的过渡。选项中的They指代“a friend or family member”, “have a go”和下文的“exchange thoughts”是前后承接的关系。
提示：空前一句和空后一句中的情态动词could暗示正确选项线 索——含有情态动词； That way 承接 have a go at doing the exercise “尝试做这个练习”。
答案与解析
技巧3 句子结构或意义上的顺承关系
标志/逻辑词 then、afterwards、following that、finally、eventually、ultimately、meanwhile、after、from then on、later、after a while、not ... until
5.2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——艺术
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ____________
A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
5.G 前文提到经常绘画，并且无论画静物、肖像还是风景画，都要尽可能多地实物写生。本空顺承前文，应说明经常绘画的结 果，G项“你将形成只有通过反复练习才能得到的绘画肌肉记忆”。G项中的repetition 与前文的often是同义表达。
答案与解析
技巧4 句子结构或意义上的因果关系(前因后果/前果后因)
结果+ since、now that、because、for 原因
on account of、because of、as a consequence/result of、result from、arise from 原因+ as a result/consequence、therefore、thus、consequently、so、that’s why 结果
set off (引发；激起)、give rise to、contribute to、lead to、result in、be responsible for 6.2025·全国二卷·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——志愿服务
·You’ll feel like you have more time.
People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. ____________
A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before.
G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
6.G 该段落的小标题是“你会感觉自己有更多时间”，空前提出 “把时间投入到社区事业中实际上会让你觉得自己拥有更多时间”的研究结论，故空处需解释“感觉时间更多”的原因。G选项“志愿活动让你觉得自己有能力，并且激励你充分利用每一天”是“feel like you have more time”的原因：“makes you feel capable”和“inspires you to make the most of each day”。
答案与解析
积累
重点词 ①cause n.事业 ②prejudice n.偏见
③capable adj.能干的 ④lifelong adj.终身的，毕生的
派生词 (depress+-ion)depression n.抑郁(症)
语块 ①have a lifelong effect on对……有终生影响
②break down打破，消除 ③make the most of充分利用
7.2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——旅游
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ____________ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
7.B 由空后的回答“Certainly not.”可知，空处应是一个疑问句。又前文提到旅行带来了很多积极的影响, 且导致了过度旅游的问 题。B项“那么，我们应该停止旅行吗 ”为疑问句，且与前文的“旅游业的快速增长导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游”为因果关 系。故选B。
答案与解析
积累
派生词 unacceptable adj.不能接受(或允许、同意)的
语块 ①expand one’s minds拓展思维
②minimize pressure on尽量减少对……的压力
技巧5 句子结构或意义上的解释关系
(后句是对前一句的具体解释，注意同义所指的相关表达)
标志/逻辑词 to be specific、specifically、clearly、namely、that is to say、that is、that means
8.2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与自我——外语学习
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____________ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
A. I don’t often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don’t want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
8.F 空前一句提到提交完美的、专业的手稿对于出版的重要性，后一句提到“没有编辑会容忍单词拼写错误”。F项是对上文的进一步解释，指出提交完美原稿的要求是语法正确和零拼写错误。由此可知，F项符合语境。F选项中的That指代的是前句的“submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript”。
答案与解析
技巧6 句子结构或意义上的举例和论证(后句举例是为了证明前一句)
标志词 for example/instance、like、range from ... to ...、such as、take ... for example
褒贬词 先介绍优点或弊端，然后举例论证；除标志词外，看选项情感色彩：情态动词、形容词、副词、动词和名词
9.2023·全国乙卷·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——科普知识
Why are indoor plants good for you →主旨：室内植物的好处
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “ There are many benefits to growing plants indoors. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. ________.
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
9.E 本段先引出专家Will Spoelstra的观点：在室内种植植物有许多好处。接着阐述几个研究的成果：室内植物能提升创造力、专注力和记忆力；盆栽植物能通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体净化周围的空气，还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质。空处应列举此类盆栽植物，E项“和平百合和魔鬼常青藤是此类植物中最好的2个例子”。
答案与解析
技巧7 句子结构或意义上的转折/对比/让步关系
(空处与空前空后两句话之间为意义上的转折/对比/让步)
标志/ 逻辑词 转折 however、though、yet、still、otherwise、nevertheless、not ... but、(un)fortunately、thankfully
对比 instead (of)、rather than、on the contrary、in/by contrast、in comparison with、compared with
让步 in spite of/despite+n./pron, even if/though, though/ although/while, whether ... or ..., whatever/whoever/no matter what/who等+从句
10.2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与自我——外语学习
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2，672 pages, it’s not exactly short. It contains around 163，000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____________ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.
A. I don’t often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don’t want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
10.A 空后是转折词However, 其后的there’s nothing better“没有比这个词典更好的了”说明的是好的含义，由此可知, However前面表达的应该是不好的方面，该段以主语I为主, 且都是关于“我”与词典的事情，故正确选项主语应为I，A 项“我并不经常用这本词典”与后文“然而，如果需要查词的起源或了解其用法的例子，没有比《牛津大词典(简编本)》更好的了”形成转折关系，且选项中的this dictionary 指代the Shorter Oxford Dictionary。 A选项在褒贬、转折逻辑和词汇衔接方面与原文完美契合。
答案与解析
积累
派生词 (idiom+-atic)idiomatic [ di m t k] adj.表达方式地道的；符合(某一)语言习惯的
语块 与使用工具书有关：two-volume copy两卷本
习语：pick up (碰巧或廉价地)买到
11.2024·浙江高考1月·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与自我——善于学习
... We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses.
The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. ____________ “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule，” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going.
A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
11.A 根据前文“在线学习最明显的优势是可以随时随地学习”及后文“我认为很多人都忽略了一点，那就是学习进度很容易滞后”可知本空要说跟“学习时间”有关的话题。A 项“但这并不意味着没有截止日期”与空前“可以随时随地学习”构成转折关系，且A 选项中的 deadlines和本段中的 anytime 和“fall behind schedule”均与“时间”相关。that指代“you can study anywhere and anytime”。
答案与解析
积累
派生词 self-motivated adj.自我激励的；自我勉励的；主动的
语块 ①lose sight of sth.忽略某事 ②fall behind schedule滞后 ③take an online course上网课
技巧8 总结和概括
段首 段落主旨句 阅读段落内容，提炼中心词，根据中心词定答案
段尾
12.2025·全国二卷·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——志愿服务
·You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.
① Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.
· ②
Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come.
A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before.
G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
12.①E 空处是段落主题句，概括小标题中“live longer if you volunteer” 的原因。空后引用华盛顿大学的研究：55岁及以上的志愿者比同龄人有更好的记忆力和保持更久的健康状态。 E选项“For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. (对成年人来说，志愿活动能带来显著的身体健康益处)”概括了空后关于成年人做志愿活动对身体健康有益的内容。选项中的adults是空后的研究对象“adults 55 and older”的原词复现；“physical health benefits” 衔接空后的“better memory”“overall health”等细节。
答案与解析
②C 空处为段落小标题, 需总结本段核心。由该段出现的关键词volunteering、 teenage years、teen、positive effects和these effects可知，该段落讨论的是志愿服务对青少年的影响。故C项“志愿服 务对孩子和青少年有终生的影响”概括了段落内容。 选项中的effect是原词复现，kids and teenagers覆盖该段讨论的年龄群体teenager、teen； “lifelong effect”是“affect well-being in the years to come”的同义表达。
答案与解析
积累
重点词 ①overall adj.全面的 ②well-being n.健康
合成词 (short+term)short-term adj.短期的
语块 ①the years to come未来
与身心健康相关：②add physical activities into one’s life把运动融入生活 ③increased self-confidence提升的自信
④maintain overall health保持整体健康 ⑤lower rates of depression降低抑郁率 ⑥provide significant physical health benefits带来显著的身体健康益处
13.2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与自我——认识自我、完善自我
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness”. On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____________
段尾总结句：应含有核心词汇：善行
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
13.F 本段结构为：做法→举例→总结。上文介绍：写下“善 行”，并且列出一些你为他人做的好事。下文列举了一些生活中琐碎的好事的例子。本空是对本段的总结，再次重申无论这件好事是什么、有多小，要把善行记下来，故F项正确。
提示：选项中的it指代act of kindness，且write it down是祈使句，与前文的list all the positive things you’ve done for others 句式相同, 且list与write down 属于近义词。
答案与解析
14.2023·全国甲卷·片段 体裁：议论文 主题语境：人与自我——完善自我
Tricks to Becoming a More Patient Person
Here’s a riddle： What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There’s one answer： ____________. 首段段尾句
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
14.G 前文列出了3种情况：交通堵塞、排长队、等待假期开始。 空处应总结上述3种情况的共同点，且与后文的“需要锻炼耐心”呼应。G项“它们都是需要额外耐心的情况”。 选项中的They指代上文的3种情况，patience是原词复现。故G项正确。
答案与解析
猜测阅读障碍词的能力 (2025全国一卷七选五+8个技巧对应片段)
重点词 handy adj. ①____________ __________________ prejudice n. ②___________
派生词/ 合成词 depress+-ion →depression n. ③___________ idiom+-atic →idiomatic adj. ④__________
______________________________
pick+me+up →pick-me-up n. ⑤_____________ short+term→ short-term adj. ⑥__________
易使用的；
容易做的；便利的
偏见
抑郁(症)
表达方式地道的；符合(某一)语言习惯的
提神物品
短期的
语块 back and forth ⑦____________ start sth. off ⑧_____________
get in the way of ⑨_______ have every intention of doing sth. ⑩_____________
serve up ____________ ______________ make the most of ____________
break down ____________ be worth the effort ____________
反复来回
使某事开始
妨碍
一心想做某事
端上(食物);提供
充分利用
打破，消除
值得付出努力
文本再开发
语法填空
One thing Murphy may not know is ①______ her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much ②________ (good) day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright,
③_____ senior political science major, loves coffee and ④_______ (go) to the cafe at least six days a week. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready ⑤_______ class. “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, ⑥________ always puts me in a cheerful mood，” Wright said.
that
better
a
goes
for
which
仿写 (仿效加黑体部分介绍事物)最精彩的部分是张择端的《清明上河图》，这件中国艺术的杰作，为我们了解中国古代生活提供重要视角。
The highlight is Zhang Zeduan’s Qingming Scroll, ⑦_________________ ______________, which offers us an important insight into life in ancient China.
a masterwork of Chinese art
