专题一
完形填空词汇新角度题
高考完形填空对具体语境中一词多义、熟词生僻义、课标词派生或合成的新词、课标生僻词等的考查越来越多 2025年高考:全国一、二卷原文和选项均含地道语块、派生词和合成词,且全国一卷选项含课标生僻词,对熟词生僻义的考查增多;2024年高考:Ⅰ卷原文涉及派生词;Ⅱ卷选项涉及合成新词和地道语块;2023年高考:Ⅰ卷中出现较多地道语块、熟词生僻义、课标生僻词和合成新词;Ⅱ卷则出现较多由课标词派生或合成的词。
试练真题·品考向
2025·全国一卷 体裁:记叙文 主题语境:人与社会——人际沟通
One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding.
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 1 the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up. We had decided on key items for the 2 we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to 3 our supposedly important objects. That left a house still 4 with things that, while not particularly 5 , didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场). 搬家清空和处理物品的场景
I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional 6 , another asking for a price cut. As our 7 day drew near, I settled on a new price ($0) and reposted it. The 8 : “I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.” In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase. 第一次交易场景
9 , I posted more. My daily posts and the 10 I received became a precious ray of light in the chaos of my house. Each exchange provided a chance to 11 the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have 12 . 每日发帖与访客互动的场景
新公寓生活
I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the 13 that share our small space. I take 14 in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is 15 something that couldn’t come with us.
他人欣赏旧物,与首段形成闭环
1.A. painting over B. looking around C. emptying out D. pulling down
2.A. hotel B. office C. cottage D. apartment 场景名词
3.A. store B. display C. sell D. repair
4.A. covered B. decorated C. stuffed D. equipped
5.A. conventional B. valuable C. complicated D. tolerable 派生词
6.A. fees B. photos C. receipts D. models
7.A. move B. pay C. market D. work
8.A. warning B. request C. description D. reply
9.A. Confused B. Interested C. Disappointed D. Encouraged
10.A. visits B. reports C. advice D. money
11.A. remove B. spare C. find D. check
12.A. investigated B. recognized C. encountered D. recommended
13.A. giveaways B. posts C. contributions D. belongings 合成词
14.A. joy B. part C. care D. time
15.A. anticipating B. appreciating C. delivering D. withdrawing
完形填空词汇新角度题
高考完形填空语篇和选项中都会出现地道语块和由课标词+词缀派生的词或两个课标词合成的词。
派生词/合成新词:如2025全国一卷的tolerable、 giveaway,2025全国二卷的wake-up、 doubters等,2024新课标Ⅰ卷的demotivated、 boredom,2024新课标Ⅱ卷的well-informed,2024浙江高考1月的multi-skilled。
词类活用/熟词生僻义/高频多义词:如2025全国一卷的move、 spare、 visit、 race,2024新课标Ⅰ卷中的多义词enter,词类活用mature。
生僻词/地道语块:2025全国一卷的see daylight、 a price cut,2025全国二卷的be down to、 make a deal等,2025浙江高考1月中的in line with等。
复习中应了解词汇的词根、词缀,掌握词形变化规律,学会通过构词法推断词义。同时熟记一些熟词的生僻义,在具体语境中理解和主题相关的信息和观点。
新考法·巧应对
考法1 需精准理解的3类必考实词
符合话题场景的名词(短语)
考向 名词(短语)在高考完形填空的占比很高:2025全国一卷为6/15,2025全国二卷为9/15。解答名词类题目时,要理清人、物之间的关系,依据话题场景进行判断,选择符合场景和上下文语境的名词(短语)。
场景 如2025全国一卷与搬家赠送旧物相关:正确选项应是搬家场景相关的move、apartment、belongings,与二手物品交易相关的:photo、visit。又如2023新课标Ⅰ卷与越野赛相关,正确选项应是与赛跑场景相关的race、meet (运动会)和competitor。
1. One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the ① to help my grandmother wash dishes. (As always), my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.
Born just before WWⅡ, my grandmother (experienced) an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to ② . Like in typical families, where boys were (favored) much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do ③ . The only opportunity she could seize to (study) was when her brother was having Chinese ④ with the family tutor. (2024·全国甲卷片段)
①A. sitting room B. kitchen C. yard D. dining hall
②A. work B. school C. court D. press
③A. gardening B. homework C. business D. housework
④A. food B. guests C. lessons D. tea
构建动态画面的动词(短语)
考向 高考完形填空常考查动词(短语)的基本义和引申义,一般占比4~5/15。采用一系列连贯的符合时空顺序或行文逻辑且与人物、事物、事件搭配合理的动词(短语)传递语篇信息。
技巧 基于语境,选择正确的动词(短语),构建逻辑合理与上下文动作顺序连贯的动作链。
2. As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her (race) when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ① to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with (aid). She couldn’t. Bailey then ② to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get (medical) attention. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷片段)
①A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
②A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
3. I (followed) beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He ① handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and ② the bunch to create a torch (火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began ③ . He stopped every few minutes to move the (rope) higher up the tree trunk.
(Finally), Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he
④ towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d ⑤ the trunk and was back on the ground. (2023·浙江高考1月片段)
①A. gathered B. cleaned C. dropped D. checked
②A. shook B. lit C. measured D. decorated
③A. jumping B. talking C. testing D. climbing
④A. backed B. dived C. shouted D. inched
⑤A. cut off B. gone up C. slid down D. held onto
饱含情感的形容词/副词(短语)
考向 高考完形填空常利用形容词/副词(短语)描写人物的情绪感受、环境和事物的特征,一般占比2~3/15。
技巧 基于语境,从已给的动词、名词、形容词、副词中把握字里行间的情感基调,并利用but、however、and、even、actually等衔接过渡词揣摩人物情感变化。
4. The (problem): the roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such (challenges). That day, I got (passed) by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as ____________. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷片段)
A. reliable B. convenient C. familiar D. appealing
考法2 冲满分必破的4类障碍词
由构词法派生、合成而来的新词
合成词的词义通常是组成合成词的各个单词的含义的组合,遇到此类单词可将其拆解为自己熟悉的单词, 明确各个单词的含义,再组合其意思,推测含义。
5. After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how ____________ Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to (remind) me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷片段)
A. open-minded B. strong-willed C. warm-hearted D. well-informed
6. After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me (load) Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and (call) them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
The flight was ① , and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she (flew) with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so ② and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.
It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷片段)
①A. unnecessary B. unexpected C. unavoidable D. uneventful 派生词
②A. thankful B. generous C. proud D. sympathetic
词类活用、熟词生僻义
针对词类活用,首先应从其充当的句子成分入手,准确判断其词性,然后根据语境确定其准确含义。
7. “It’s a great opportunity to share my passion for food and to (meet) new people,” said Ribeiro. Sometimes she prepares traditional Brazilian dishes (in honor of) her native home; other times she ____________ dinner courses with her favorite beers. (2025·浙江高考1月片段)
A. replaces B. tastes C. orders D. pairs
8. During my first visit to Italy, I (struggled) to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to ____________ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and (praised) my language skills. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷片段)
A. string B. hang C. mix D. match
高频多义词
9. In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight (budget). They could not afford to pay for (transportation) for their dog, Tiffy, and ① wanted to take her with them. 叙述对方的困难
It just ② that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who ③ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to ④ Tiffy. 位置变换要弄清
When I met Tiffy’s owners, they seemed very (nervous). George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was (hard) for him, having to leave his dog to a (stranger) and trust that everything would ⑤ . (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷片段)
①A. desperately B. temporarily C. secretly D. originally
②A. appeared B. proved C. happened D. showed
③A. waited B. offered C. hurried D. failed
④A. see off B. look for C. hand over D. pick up
⑤A. speed up B. work out C. come back D. take off
生僻词汇、地道语块
10. For Ribeiro, it has become a perfect platform for (pursuing) her hobby of buying food, ① new recipes and holding dinner parties.
“It’s a great opportunity to share my passion for food and to (meet) new people,” said Ribeiro. Sometimes she prepares traditional Brazilian dishes ② her native home; other times she (pairs) dinner courses with her favorite beers.
The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great deal of freedom, as ③ to a restaurant where the service is (impersonal), the menu is known in advance, and the meal is expected
派生词:adj. 缺乏人情味的;冷淡的
to be no ④ . (2025·浙江高考1月片段)
①A. passing on B. trying out C. going over D. taking down
②A. in addition to B. in return for C. in honor of D. in line with
③A. opposed B. related C. subject D. vital
④A. surprise B. end C. need D. problem
11. Once there, Lenoue was ① and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme (pain) to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more (confused) about why her act is considered a big ② . “She was just crying. I couldn’t (leave) her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.” (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷片段)
①A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated
②A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal
抢分必备·微练
猜测阅读障碍词的能力 (2025全国一卷完形+2种考法对应片段)
重点词 beloved adj. ①___________ inch vt.&vi. ②__________
派生词/ 合成词 re-+post→repost vt. ③___________ im-+person+-al→impersonal adj. ④____________
give+away→giveaway n. ⑤___________ well+inform+-ed→ well-informed adj. ⑥___________
熟词 生僻义 move 熟义:vi.搬家;搬迁 vi.&vt. (使)改变位置,移动 生僻义:n. ⑦__________ spare 熟义:adj.空闲的;空余的;闲置的;备用的 生僻义:vt. ⑧_______________
string 熟义: n.细绳;线;带子;一串;弦 生僻义:⑨ vt. ___________ pair 熟义: n.一双;一对;俩;对 生僻义:vt. ⑩______________
语块 as opposed to 11___________ no end 12___________
文本再开发
1.语法填空
One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen ①________________ (stare) at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding. My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy emptying ②________________ the beloved home our family had spent 23 years ③________________ (fill) up. We ④________________ (decide) on key items for the apartment we were moving to in town, donated what we could, ⑤________________ rented a place to store our supposedly important objects. That left a house still ⑥________________ (stuff) with things that, while not particularly valuable, didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
2.佳句仿写
佳句 I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the belongings that share our small space. (画面定格) I take joy in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is appreciating something that couldn’t come with us. (感悟)
仿写 (仿效加黑体部分写续写结尾句)饼干算不上完美,但确确实实出自我手——虽然烤得有点焦,形状也凹凸不平,但味道还不错。当彼得伸手去拿第二块时,我欣喜地意识到,就算搞砸了也能收获美好……甚至可能更棒呢!
The cookies weren’t perfect, but they were mine—a little too brown, a little uneven, but still good. _____________________________________________, ________________________________________ ... maybe even better!
专题一
试练真题·品考向
本文主要讲述了作者在搬家过程中通过分享不需要的物品减少浪费,与他人建立联系,从中获得了快乐。
1.C 上下求索+生活常识法。上文“had just sold our house”和下文“had spent 23 years filling up”暗示,卖掉房子需要清空房子里多年来堆积的东西。empty out “清空,腾空”,与“filling up”形成对比。故选C。paint over “刷油漆覆盖”;look around “环视,环顾;参观”;pull down “拆毁,拆掉”。
2.D 上下求索+词汇复现法。根据最后一段中的“I sit in my apartment today”可知,作者他们已经确定了要搬到新公寓的重要物品,故选D。apartment “公寓”;其他选项如 hotel “旅馆”; office “办公室”; cottage “小屋”与全文主题“搬家”的居住场景不符。
3.A 逻辑分析法。上文的“rented a place”表租用空间的目的,下文的“our supposedly important objects”说明物品需保存而非交易,故选A。store “保存;储存”, 与rented 形成逻辑关联。display “展示”; sell “卖”; repair “修理”。
4.C 上下求索法。上文提到作者他们捐了部分东西,租了地方放重要的东西,但家里还堆满了不是很重要但是又不至于扔掉的东西,故选C。be stuffed with “塞满”,与上文的“filling up”呼应。cover “掩蔽,遮盖”; decorate “装饰”; stuff “填满,装满,塞满”; equip “配备”。
5.B 上下求索+词汇复现法。根据空前的 “supposedly important objects”及空后的“didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场)”可推知,这些东西不至于被扔掉,说明它们还有用,尽管不是很重要,故选B。valuable “很重要的,很有用的”与key 和important为同义词复现。conventional “依照惯例的;传统的”; complicated “复杂的”; tolerable “尚好的,过得去的,还可以的;可忍受的”。
6.B 上下求索+词汇复现法。结合上文“took a picture”和“posted it online”可知,作者给花瓶拍了照片并在网上发布,因此潜在买家要求提供物品的更多照片(photos)以了解细节是合理的。故选B。photo “照片”与picture是同义词。fee “费用”; receipt “收据”; model “模型”。
7.A 上下求索法。上文提到他们卖房、清理物品,下文提到“day drew near”, 结合全文背景,唯一合理的“临近之日”是搬家日(move day),故选A。move “搬家”; pay “工资,薪水”; market “市场”; work “工作”。
熟词生僻义 move 熟义:vi. 搬家;搬迁 vi.&vt. (使)改变位置,移动 生僻义:n. 搬家;搬迁;调动;移动;活动
8.C 上下求索法。空前提到作者把这个花瓶标价0美元然后重新上传到网上,空后的“ I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t”是作者帖子的文本内容,属于物品描述,故选C。warning “警告”; request “请求”; description “描述,说明”; reply “回复”。
9.D 褒贬语境+逻辑分析法。第三段提到花瓶被高兴地带走(a woman raced into my house and left happily),下文“a precious ray of light”证明事件带来正能量。encouraged与下文“posted more”的积极行为构成因果关系,体现交易成功而继续行动的积极情绪。故选D。confused “困惑的”; interested “感兴趣的”; disappointed “失望的”; encouraged “受到鼓舞的”。
10.A 上下求索+逻辑分析法。下文的“Each exchange”指作者与买主的每一次交流,暗示作者每天发帖(daily posts),人们看到帖子后上门取货。visit “碰头;会面”符合面对面交易场景,且与下文的“Each exchange”形成逻辑链。故选A。report “报道”; advice “建议”; money “钱”。
熟词生僻义 visit 熟义:n. 访问;参观;游览;看望 生僻义:n. (对网站的)访问;碰头;会面
11.B 上下求索法。上文讲述作者把一些还有价值、不至于扔掉的东西发布在网上,而这样的方式避免了这些东西被扔到垃圾填埋场(didn’t belong in a landfill),下文“to please another person”(让他人开心)进一步说明物品被重新利用而非丢弃。故选B。spare “省得,免去”,表示免得被丢去垃圾填埋场。remove “消除,清除”; find “找到,发现”; check “检査,核査”。
熟词生僻义 spare 熟义:adj. 空闲的;空余的;闲置的;备用的 生僻义:vt. 省得;免去;放过;使逃脱
12.C 上文求索法。根据空前的“to please another person”可知此处是说通过二手交易的方式让作者遇到了本不太可能遇到的人,故选C。 investigate “调查”; recognize “认出,认可”; encounter “遇到”; recommend “推荐”。
13.D 上下求索+词汇复现法。根据空后“share our small space”和第二段提到的“key items”和“important objects”及空前的“sit in my apartment today”可推知,作者已经搬到了新家, 钟爱最终带到公寓的个人物品,故选D。belongings “所有物,财物”,与items和objects为核心词复现。giveaway “随赠品”; post “邮件,邮寄”; contribution “贡献”。
14.A 上下求索+褒贬语境法。根据第三段的“a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase”、第四段的“a precious ray of light”和“to please another person”均属于积极的情感,由此可知, 作者感到快乐(joy),因为知道别人正欣赏他们未能带走的物品。 take joy in 意为“以……为乐”,呼应上文的积极情感。故选A。joy “高兴,愉快,喜悦”; part “部分”; care “照看,谨慎”; time“时间”。
15.B 褒贬语境法。 作者想到有人正在欣赏自己带不走的物品,感到很开心。故选B。appreciate与上一句中的loving呼应,体现对物品的喜爱和珍视。anticipate “期待,盼望”; appreciate “欣赏,赏识,重视”; deliver “递送,传送”; withdraw “撤回,停止提供,不再给予”。
积累
重点词 ①beloved adj.深爱的;钟爱的 ②chaos n.混乱
一词 多义 race n. ①赛跑 ②竞争;角逐 ③人种;种族 ④vt.使比赛;让……参加速度比赛 ⑤vi.&vt. (和……)比赛;参加比赛 ⑥vi.&vt. (使)快速移动,快速运转⑦vi. (因为害怕、兴奋等)急速跳动,快速转动
派生词 ①(supposed+-ly =)supposedly adv.据信;据传;据说 ②(re-+post=)repost v.重新发布(帖子)
语块 ①see daylight拿出来,见天日 ②fill up装满 ③decide on/upon sth.选定某事物 ④a couple of几个 ⑤come in到达;被收到 ⑥a price cut减价 ⑦draw near接近,靠近 ⑧settle on决定,选定 ⑨in an instant马上 ⑩a ray of light一缕光线
新考法·巧应对
1.①B 前文明确提到“help my grandmother wash dishes”(洗碗),洗碗行为必然发生在厨房(kitchen)。其他场景类名词如sitting room “客厅”, yard “院子”和dining hall “餐厅”,均无洗碗功能。
②B 后文提及“stay at home” (待在家中)和“her brother was having Chinese ④ with the family tutor”(兄弟有家教),暗示祖母缺失正规教育,结合二战前女性教育受限的历史,学校(school)是唯一合理选项。go to school “上学”。 school “学校”; work “工作”; court “法院;球场”; press “新闻界;报章杂志;报刊;印刷媒体”。
③D 前文强调“boys were favored more than girls”(重男轻女),传统家庭中女性被迫承担家务。“stay at home” 直接对应家务(housework),而作业(homework)与没机会上学矛盾,business “生意”,园艺(gardening)。
④C 由该句中的动词study (学习)和family tutor (家教)可锁定教育场景, “having Chinese lessons”(上中文课)是唯一符合家教行为的搭配,其他选项(吃饭/喝茶/待客)与学习无关。
地道语块 as always一如既往
2.①C 上文提到另一赛跑者“began crying in pain”(因疼痛哭泣),需紧急帮助。下文是动作链:搀扶(took her arm)→ 背负(carried her)→ 送医。符合时间顺序的动作应该是比赛中主动停下(stopped)。 stop “停下”;agree “同意”;return “返回”;promise “承诺”。
②D 此处应符合动作逻辑:要让对方爬上背(climb onto her back),必须弯腰(bend down)放低身体。go away “离开”; stand up “站起”; step aside “让开”。
3.该片段动作链:收集树叶(gathered)→点燃火把(lit)→系绳攀爬(climbing)→(使朝某方向)谨慎移动(inched)→急速滑落(slid down)
①A 下文的“wrapped them with string”(用绳捆扎树叶)的前提是收集好树叶,即gathered (采集,收集)是制作火把的起点动作。由此构成完整的制作火把流程:收集(gathered)树叶→捆扎(wrapped)→点火(lit)。
clean “除去……的灰尘;使……干净;打扫”; drop “落下,掉下,使落下;落下;倒下”; check “检查;审查;核查;查看;核实”。
高频多义词 gather v. ①聚集;集合;召集 ②收拢,归拢 ③搜集,收集 ④收割;收获 ⑤增加(速度、力量等) ⑥逐渐增加;积聚 ⑦收紧,拢起(衣服) ⑧拉近;拥抱 (gather sb. in one’s arms 把某人抱在怀里) ⑨聚集,积聚(力量、精神等);使做好准备
②B 上文提到用绳子把树叶绑成一束,下文提到“吹烟入蜂巢”,由此推出,中间必须点燃火把(lit)才能产生烟。由此构成三连动作链:收集树叶→用绳子把树叶绑在一起→点燃树叶做成火把。shake “摇动;抖动;(使)颤动;(与某人)握手”;light (lit) “点燃;点火;开始燃烧;照亮”; measure “测量;量度为”; decorate “装饰”。handfuls of “几把”。
③D 上文提到“rope tied to his waist”的安全措施,下文提到每隔几分钟调整绳索高度(move the rope higher),由此可推断出,符合语境的场景应该是“Ziyad开始向上攀爬”。 jump “跳”; talk “谈话”; test “测试”; climb “攀爬”。
④D 此处动作链为:小心翼翼地将火把凑近蜂巢→将烟吹入蜂巢的一个小孔里。 inch “(使朝某方向)谨慎移动”,体现高空作业的谨慎。
干扰项:back(后退):远离蜂巢无法吹烟;dive(俯冲):坐在离地20米的树枝上不可能做如此危险动作;shout(喊叫):惊动蜂群不合逻辑。
⑤C 上文提到他发出惊叫(let out a sharp cry),下文提到他回到地面(was back on the ground),中间顺序合理的动作应该是从树上快速滑下,呼应数秒内(Within seconds)的快速反应,构成“惊叫→滑下→回到地面”的动作链。 故选C。cut off “切掉;割掉;砍掉;剪掉;停止,中断”; go up “向上;上升”; slide down “滑下”; hold onto “抓紧;不放开;保住(优势);不送(或不卖)某物”。
4.D 上文提到作者在上坡路上骑行遇到的挑战:riding uphill for miles(长途爬坡)和“passed by 100 ‘local’ bikers” (被当地百名自行车手赶超), 暗示作者的体力消耗和自尊受挫会引发负面情绪, 又利用副词suddenly(突然)强调情绪突然逆转,觉得骑自行车不再那么有吸引力了。reliable “可靠的”; convenient “方便的;便利的;附近的”; familiar “熟悉的”; appealing “吸引人的”。
高频多义词 pass v. ①走过;经过 ②前行;穿过 ③通过 ④给;递;传递 ⑤推移;逝去 ⑥消磨;度过;打发 ⑦考试及格;通过(考试) ⑧(被)通过 n. ①及格;合格;通过 ②通行证;车票;乘车证 ③越过;飞跃
5.C 褒贬色彩法。根据下文邻居的热心行为“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door”和“close the window in my car when rain is coming”可推知,作者的邻居们是善良、热心的人。故选C。
合成词 ①(open+mind+-ed) open-minded adj. 思想开明的 ②(strong+will+-ed) strong-willed adj. 意志坚强的;坚持己见的 ③(warm+heart+-ed) warm-hearted adj. 热心的 ④(well+inform+-ed) well-informed adj. 见多识广的
6.①D 平行结构解题。根据下文中的“Tiffy was a great passenger”可知,这次飞行是很顺利的。
派生词 ①unnecessary (un-不+necessary 必要的) adj. 不必要的 ②unexpected (un-不+expect 预料+-ed) adj. 出乎意料的 ③unavoidable (un-不+avoid+-able 可……的) adj. 无法避免的 ④uneventful (un-不+event+-ful 充满……的→没什么大事的) adj. 平淡的;平静无事的
②A 平行结构解题。根据下文中的“sent me a nice e-mail with pictures”可知, George非常感激作者。thankful (thank+-ful) “感激的”; generous “慷慨的,大方的”; proud “自豪的,骄傲的”; sympathetic (sympathy+-etic) “同情的,有同情心的”。
7.D 根据下文“dinner courses with her favorite beers”可知Ribeiro是用自己最喜欢的啤酒搭配晚餐,而非用酒替代晚餐的菜肴。replace “代替”; taste “品尝”; order “订购”。
熟词生僻义 ①pair 熟义:n. 一双;一对;俩;对 生僻义:vt. 使成对;配对 ②pair A with B 将A与B精心搭配
8.A 上文的“struggled to ask for directions”(问路困难)表明作者语言能力薄弱 → 与下文“locals smiled at me and praised”(当地人微笑称赞)形成反差,说明每次作者费力拼凑出一句意大利语时,当地人都会微笑称赞。hang “悬挂”; mix “混合”; match “配对”。
词类活用 ①string n. 细绳;线;带子;一串;弦 v. 用线(或细绳等)串,把……连在一起 ②string sth. together 把(单词或短语)连成句子
9.①A 根据第三段狗主人的紧张表现可知,主人对宠物狗非常在意,因此即使他们预算紧张,不能支付狗的运输费用,他们还在网上发帖子求助,可见他们非常想带上狗。desperately “非常,拼命地”; temporarily “暂时”; secretly “秘密地”; originally “原来,起初”。
熟词生僻义 desperately 熟义:adv. 绝望地 生僻义:adv. 拼命地,不顾一切地
②C 根据首段中“I saw a post on the PNP”和下文中的“I was planning another PNP flight”可知,作者碰巧有个PNP飞行计划。It just happened that ... “碰巧……”。appear “似乎”; prove “证明”; show “显示”。
熟词生僻义 happen 熟义:vi.发生,出现 生僻义:linking verb 恰好;碰巧
③B 根据下文中的“take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia”以及下文的叙述可知,另一个飞行员Karen主动提出把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。wait “等待”; offer “提供,主动提出”; hurry “匆忙”; fail “失败”。
熟词生僻义 offer 熟义:vt. 提供(某物给某人);主动提出;自愿给予 n. 主动提议;建议;出价 生僻义:n. 报价;减价,削价;处理价;特价
④D 上文提到狗在托皮卡市,作者飞往托皮卡就是为了接Tiffy。see off “为……送行”; look for “寻找”; hand over “移交”;pick up “接(某人),取(某物)”。
⑤B 根据上文中的“leave his dog to a (stranger)”可知,他不得不相信一切都会进展顺利。speed up “加速”; work out “解决;进展顺利”; come back “再度流行”; take off “突然成功”。
积累
重点词 budget n.预算vi.&vt.把……编入预算;谨慎花钱
10.①B 下文介绍Ribeiro 做传统巴西菜肴纪念自己的家乡,用自己最喜欢的啤酒搭配晚餐,且第③空前提到 Ribeiro 烹饪时有很大的自由发挥空间,由此可推断,她会试做新的食谱。pass on “递给,传给”; try out “尝试;测试;试验”; go over “复习;仔细检查”; take down “写下;记录;拆掉;拆除;拆卸”。
②C 根据空前后的“she prepares traditional Brazilian dishes”和“her native home”的语境可推知,Ribeiro 做传统巴西菜肴是为了纪念自己的家乡。故选C。in addition to “除……外(还)”; in return for “作为……的回报”; in honor of “为了纪念”; in line with “与……一致;与……相似(或紧密相连)”。
③A 上文介绍Ribeiro尝试新的菜谱,且烹饪时有很大的自由发挥空间,下文介绍餐馆没有人情味的服务和预知的菜单,由此可推知,Ribeiro在家准备的家庭餐不同于(opposed)餐馆。 related “(与to搭配)有联系的;相关的”; vital “必不可少的;对……极重要的”。
地道语块 ①as opposed to 而;相对于 ②be subject to 可能受……影响的;易遭受……的
④A 上文介绍餐馆的菜单“known in advance”(预知的)和服务impersonal(缺乏人情味的),都是对餐馆情况的负面描述,暗示餐馆的菜品没有新意,不会给顾客带来惊喜。surprise “惊喜;意外”。
11.①B 根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知,她是先接受了检查,再被送往医院,也就是先接受评估。 interrupt “打断; 中断”; assess “评估”; identify “确认; 认出; 发现”; appreciate “感激”。
合成词 (check+point) checkpoint n. 检查点
②D 根据后文Bailey的回答“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”可知, Bailey觉得自己只是做了一件该做的事,所以让她疑惑的是为什么认为她的行为很了不起。
地道语块 a big deal 非常重要的/令人激动的事/情况
抢分必备·微练
猜测阅读障碍词的能力
①深爱的;钟爱的 ②(使朝某方向)谨慎移动 ③重新发布(帖子) ④缺乏人情味的;冷淡的;非指个人的;客观的 ⑤随赠品 ⑥见多识广的 ⑦搬家;搬迁;调动;移动;活动 ⑧省得;免去;放过;使逃脱 ⑨用线(或细绳等)串,把……连在一起 ⑩使成对;配对 而;相对于
极其;非常;很
文本再开发
1.①staring ②out ③filling ④had decided ⑤and ⑥stuffed
2.As Peter reached for another; I took joy in realizing that even mistakes could turn out okay(共86张PPT)
专题一
完形填空词汇新角度题
高考完形填空对具体语境中一词多义、熟词生僻义、课标词派生或合成的新词、课标生僻词等的考查越来越多 2025年高考：全国一、二卷原文和选项均含地道语块、派生词和合成词，且全国一卷选项含课标生僻词，对熟词生僻义的考查增多；2024年高考：Ⅰ卷原文涉及派生词；Ⅱ卷选项涉及合成新词和地道语块；2023年高考：Ⅰ卷中出现较多地道语块、熟词生僻义、课标生僻词和合成新词；Ⅱ卷则出现较多由课标词派生或合成的词。
2025·全国一卷 体裁：记叙文 主题语境：人与社会——人际沟通
One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding.
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 1 the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up. We had decided on key items for the 2 we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to 3 our supposedly important objects. That left a house still 4 with things that, while not particularly 5 , didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
搬家清空和处理物品的场景
I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional 6 , another asking for a price cut. As our 7 day drew near, I settled on a new price ($0) and reposted it. The 8 ： “I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.” In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase.
第一次交易场景
9 , I posted more. My daily posts and the 10 I received became a precious ray of light in the chaos of my house. Each exchange provided a chance to 11 the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have 12 . 每日发帖与访客互动的场景
I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the 13 that share our small space. I take 14 in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is 15 something that couldn’t come with us.
本文主要讲述了作者在搬家过程中通过分享不需要的物品减少浪 费，与他人建立联系，从中获得了快乐。
1.A. painting over B. looking around
C. emptying out D. pulling down
2.A. hotel B. office
C. cottage D. apartment 场景名词
3.A. store B. display
C. sell D. repair
4.A. covered B. decorated
C. stuffed D. equipped
5.A. conventional B. valuable
C. complicated D. tolerable 派生词
6.A. fees B. photos
C. receipts D. models
7.A. move B. pay
C. market D. work
8.A. warning B. request
C. description D. reply
9.A. Confused B. Interested
C. Disappointed D. Encouraged
10.A. visits B. reports
C. advice D. money
11.A. remove B. spare
C. find D. check
12.A. investigated B. recognized
C. encountered D. recommended
13.A. giveaways B. posts
C. contributions D. belongings 合成词
14.A. joy B. part
C. care D. time
15.A. anticipating B. appreciating
C. delivering D. withdrawing
1.C 上下求索+生活常识法。上文“had just sold our house”和下文“had spent 23 years filling up”暗示，卖掉房子需要清空房子里多 年来堆积的东西。empty out “清空，腾空”，与“filling up”形成对比。故选C。paint over “刷油漆覆盖”；look around “环视，环顾；参观”；pull down “拆毁，拆掉”。
答案与解析
2.D 上下求索+词汇复现法。根据最后一段中的“I sit in my apartment today”可知，作者他们已经确定了要搬到新公寓的重要物品，故选D。apartment “公寓”; 其他选项如 hotel “旅馆”； office “办公室”； cottage “小屋”与全文主题“搬家”的居住场景不符。
3.A 逻辑分析法。上文的“rented a place”表租用空间的目的，下文的“our supposedly important objects”说明物品需保存而非交易，故选A。store “保存；储存”, 与rented 形成逻辑关联。display “展 示”； sell “卖”； repair “修理”。
答案与解析
4.C 上下求索法。上文提到作者他们捐了部分东西，租了地方放重要的东西，但家里还堆满了不是很重要但是又不至于扔掉的 东西，故选C。be stuffed with “塞满”，与上文的“filling up”呼应。cover “掩蔽，遮盖”； decorate “装饰”； stuff “填满，装满，塞 满”； equip “配备”。
答案与解析
5.B 上下求索+词汇复现法。根据空前的 “supposedly important objects”及空后的“didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场)”可推知，这些东西不至于被扔掉，说明它们还有用，尽管不是很重要，故选B。valuable “很重要的，很有用的”与key 和important为同义词复现。conventional “依照惯例的；传统的”； complicated “复杂 的”； tolerable “尚好的，过得去的，还可以的；可忍受的”。
答案与解析
6.B 上下求索+词汇复现法。结合上文“took a picture”和“posted it online”可知，作者给花瓶拍了照片并在网上发布，因此潜在买家要求提供物品的更多照片(photos)以了解细节是合理的。故选B。photo “照片”与picture是同义词。fee “费用”； receipt “收据”； model “模型”。
答案与解析
7.A 上下求索法。上文提到他们卖房、清理物品，下文提到“day drew near”, 结合全文背景，唯一合理的“临近之日”是搬家日(move day)，故选A。move “搬家”； pay “工资，薪水”； market “市 场”； work “工作”。
熟词生僻义 move 熟义：vi. 搬家；搬迁 vi.&vt. (使)改变位置，移动 生僻义：n. 搬家；搬迁；调动；移动；活动
答案与解析
8.C 上下求索法。空前提到作者把这个花瓶标价0美元然后重新上传到网上，空后的“ I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t”是作者帖子的文本内容，属于物品描述，故选C。warning “警告”； request “请求”； description “描述，说明”； reply “回复”。
答案与解析
9.D 褒贬语境+逻辑分析法。第三段提到花瓶被高兴地带走(a woman raced into my house and left happily)，下文“a precious ray of light”证明事件带来正能量。encouraged与下文“posted more”的 积极行为构成因果关系，体现交易成功而继续行动的积极情绪。故选D。confused “困惑的”； interested “感兴趣的”； disappointed “失望的”； encouraged “受到鼓舞的”。
答案与解析
10.A 上下求索+逻辑分析法。下文的“Each exchange”指作者与买主的每一次交流，暗示作者每天发帖(daily posts)，人们看到帖子后上门取货。visit “碰头；会面”符合面对面交易场景，且与下 文的“Each exchange”形成逻辑链。故选A。report “报道”； advice “建议”； money “钱”。
熟词生僻义 visit 熟义：n. 访问；参观；游览；看望 生僻义：n. (对网站的)访问；碰头；会面
答案与解析
11.B 上下求索法。上文讲述作者把一些还有价值、不至于扔掉的东西发布在网上，而这样的方式避免了这些东西被扔到垃圾 填埋场(didn’t belong in a landfill)，下文“to please another person” (让他人开心)进一步说明物品被重新利用而非丢弃。故选B。spare “省得，免去”，表示免得被丢去垃圾填埋场。remove “消除，清 除”； find “找到，发现”； check “检査，核査”。
熟词生僻义 spare 熟义：adj. 空闲的；空余的；闲置的；备用的 生僻义：vt. 省得；免去；放过；使逃脱
答案与解析
12.C 上文求索法。根据空前的“to please another person”可知此处是说通过二手交易的方式让作者遇到了本不太可能遇到的人，故选C。 investigate “调查”； recognize “认出，认可”； encounter “遇到”； recommend “推荐”。
答案与解析
13.D 上下求索+词汇复现法。根据空后“share our small space”和第二段提到的“key items”和“important objects”及空前的“sit in my apartment today”可推知，作者已经搬到了新家, 钟爱最终带到公寓的个人物品，故选D。belongings “所有物，财物”，与items和objects为核心词复现。giveaway “随赠品”； post “邮件，邮寄”； contribution “贡献”。
答案与解析
14.A 上下求索+褒贬语境法。根据第三段的“a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase”、第四段的“a precious ray of light”和“to please another person”均属于积极的情感，由此可知, 作者感到快乐(joy)，因为知道别人正欣赏他们未能带走的物品。 take joy in 意为“以……为乐”，呼应上文的积极情感。故选A。joy “高兴，愉快，喜悦”； part “部分”； care “照看，谨慎”； time“时间”。
答案与解析
15.B 褒贬语境法。 作者想到有人正在欣赏自己带不走的物品，感到很开心。故选B。appreciate与上一句中的loving呼应，体现对物品的喜爱和珍视。anticipate “期待，盼望”； appreciate “欣赏，赏识，重视”； deliver “递送，传送”； withdraw “撤回，停止提 供，不再给予”。
答案与解析
积累
重点词 ①beloved adj.深爱的；钟爱的 ②chaos n.混乱
一词 多义 race n. ①赛跑 ②竞争；角逐 ③人种；种族 ④vt.使比赛；让……参加速度比赛 ⑤vi.&vt. (和……)比赛；参加比赛 ⑥vi.&vt. (使)快速移动，快速运转 ⑦vi. (因为害怕、兴奋等)急速跳动，快速转动
派生词 ①(supposed+-ly =)supposedly adv.据信；据传；据说
②(re-+post=)repost v.重新发布(帖子)
语块 ①see daylight拿出来，见天日 ②fill up装满 ③decide on/upon sth.选定某事物 ④a couple of几个 ⑤come in到达；被收到 ⑥a price cut减价 ⑦draw near接近，靠近 ⑧settle on决定，选定 ⑨in an instant马上 ⑩a ray of light一缕光线
完形填空词汇新角度题
高考完形填空语篇和选项中都会出现地道语块和由课标词+词缀派生的词或两个课标词合成的词。
派生词/合成新词：如2025全国一卷的tolerable、 giveaway，2025全国二卷的wake-up、 doubters等，2024新课标Ⅰ卷的demotivated、 boredom，2024新课标Ⅱ卷的well-informed，2024浙江高考1月的multi-skilled。
词类活用/熟词生僻义/高频多义词：如2025全国一卷的move、spare、 visit、 race，2024新课标Ⅰ卷中的多义词enter，词类活用mature。
生僻词/地道语块：2025全国一卷的see daylight、 a price cut，2025全国二卷的be down to、 make a deal等，2025浙江高考1月中的in line with等。
复习中应了解词汇的词根、词缀，掌握词形变化规律，学会通过构词法推断词义。同时熟记一些熟词的生僻义，在具体语境中理解和主题相关的信息和观点。
考法1
1 符合话题场景的名词(短语)
需精准理解的3类必考实词
考向 名词(短语)在高考完形填空的占比很高：2025全国一卷为6/15，2025全国二卷为9/15。解答名词类题目时，要理清人、物之间的关系，依据话题场景进行判断，选择符合场景和上下文语境的名词(短语)。
场景 如2025全国一卷与搬家赠送旧物相关：正确选项应是搬家场景相关的move、apartment、belongings，与二手物品交易相关的：photo、visit。又如2023新课标Ⅰ卷与越野赛相关，正确选项应是与赛跑场景相关的race、meet (运动会)和competitor。
1. One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the ① to help my grandmother wash dishes. (As always), my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.
Born just before WWⅡ, my grandmother (experienced) an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to
② . Like in typical families, where boys were (favored) much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do ③ . The only
opportunity she could seize to (study) was when her brother was having Chinese ④ with the family tutor. (2024·全国甲卷片段)
①A. sitting room B. kitchen C. yard D. dining hall
②A. work B. school C. court D. press
③A. gardening B. homework C. business D. housework
④A. food B. guests C. lessons D. tea
①B 前文明确提到“help my grandmother wash dishes”(洗碗)， 洗碗行为必然发生在厨房(kitchen)。其他场景类名词如sitting room “客厅”, yard “院子”和dining hall “餐厅”，均无洗碗功能。
答案与解析
②B 后文提及“stay at home” (待在家中)和“her brother was having Chinese ④ with the family tutor”(兄弟有家教)，暗示祖母缺失正规教育，结合二战前女性教育受限的历史，学校(school)是唯一合理选项。go to school “上学”。 school “学校”； work “工作”； court “法院；球场”； press “新闻界；报章杂志；报刊；印刷媒 体”。
答案与解析
③D 前文强调“boys were favored more than girls”(重男轻女)，传统家庭中女性被迫承担家务。“stay at home” 直接对应家务(housework)，而作业(homework)与没机会上学矛盾，business “生意”，园艺(gardening)。
④C 由该句中的动词study (学习)和family tutor (家教)可锁定教育场景, “having Chinese lessons”(上中文课)是唯一符合家教行为的搭配，其他选项(吃饭/喝茶/待客)与学习无关。
地道语块 as always一如既往
答案与解析
2 构建动态画面的动词(短语)
考向 高考完形填空常考查动词(短语)的基本义和引申义，一般占比4~5/15。采用一系列连贯的符合时空顺序或行文逻辑且与人物、事物、事件搭配合理的动词(短语)传递语篇信息。
技巧 基于语境，选择正确的动词(短语)，构建逻辑合理与上下文动作顺序连贯的动作链。
2. As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her (race) when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ① to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with (aid). She couldn’t. Bailey then ② to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get (medical) attention. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷片段)
①A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
②A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
①C 上文提到另一赛跑者“began crying in pain”(因疼痛哭泣)，需紧急帮助。下文是动作链：搀扶(took her arm)→ 背负(carried her)→ 送医。符合时间顺序的动作应该是比赛中主动停下(stopped)。 stop “停下”；agree “同意”；return “返回”；promise “承诺”。
②D 此处应符合动作逻辑：要让对方爬上背(climb onto her back)，必须弯腰(bend down)放低身体。go away “离开”； stand up “站起”； step aside “让开”。
答案与解析
3. I (followed) beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He ① handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and ② the bunch to create a torch (火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began ③ . He stopped every few minutes to move the (rope) higher up the tree trunk.
(Finally), Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he ④ towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a
sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d ⑤ the trunk and was back on the ground. (2023·浙江高考1月片段)
①A. gathered B. cleaned C. dropped D. checked
②A. shook B. lit C. measured D. decorated
③A. jumping B. talking C. testing D. climbing
④A. backed B. dived C. shouted D. inched
⑤A. cut off B. gone up C. slid down D. held onto
该片段动作链：收集树叶(gathered)→点燃火把(lit)→系绳攀爬(climbing)→(使朝某方向)谨慎移动(inched)→急速滑落(slid down)
①A 下文的“wrapped them with string”(用绳捆扎树叶)的前提是收集好树叶，即gathered (采集，收集)是制作火把的起点动作。由此构成完整的制作火把流程：收集(gathered)树叶→捆扎(wrapped)→点火(lit)。clean “除去……的灰尘；使……干净；打扫”； drop “落下，掉 下，使落下；落下；倒下”； check “检查；审查；核查；查看；核实”。
答案与解析
高频多义词 gather v. ①聚集；集合；召集 ②收拢，归拢 ③搜集，收集 ④收割；收获 ⑤增加(速度、力量等) ⑥逐渐增 加；积聚 ⑦收紧，拢起(衣服) ⑧拉近；拥抱 (gather sb. in one’s arms 把某人抱在怀里) ⑨聚集，积聚(力量、精神等)；使做好准备
答案与解析
②B 上文提到用绳子把树叶绑成一束，下文提到“吹烟入蜂巢”，由此推出，中间必须点燃火把(lit)才能产生烟。由此构成三连动作链：收集树叶→用绳子把树叶绑在一起→点燃树叶做成火把。shake “摇动；抖动；(使)颤动；(与某人)握手”；light (lit) “点燃；点火；开始燃烧；照亮”； measure “测量；量度为”； decorate “装饰”。handfuls of “几把”。
答案与解析
③D 上文提到“rope tied to his waist”的安全措施，下文提到每 隔几分钟调整绳索高度(move the rope higher)，由此可推断出，符合语境的场景应该是“Ziyad开始向上攀爬”。 jump “跳”； talk “谈话”； test “测试”； climb “攀爬”。
答案与解析
④D 此处动作链为：小心翼翼地将火把凑近蜂巢→将烟吹入蜂巢的一个小孔里。 inch “(使朝某方向)谨慎移动”，体现高空作业的谨慎。
干扰项：back(后退)：远离蜂巢无法吹烟；dive(俯冲)：坐在离地20米的树枝上不可能做如此危险动作；shout(喊叫)：惊动蜂群不合逻辑。
答案与解析
⑤C 上文提到他发出惊叫(let out a sharp cry)，下文提到他回到地面(was back on the ground)，中间顺序合理的动作应该是从树上快速滑下，呼应数秒内(Within seconds)的快速反应，构成“惊叫→滑下→回到地面”的动作链。 故选C。cut off “切掉；割掉；砍掉；剪掉；停止，中断”； go up “向上；上升”； slide down “滑下”； hold onto “抓紧；不放开；保住(优势)；不送(或不卖)某物”。
答案与解析
3 饱含情感的形容词/副词(短语)
考向 高考完形填空常利用形容词/副词(短语)描写人物的情绪感受、环境和事物的特征，一般占比2~3/15。
技巧 基于语境，从已给的动词、名词、形容词、副词中把握字里行间的情感基调，并利用but、however、and、even、actually等衔接过渡词揣摩人物情感变化。
4. The (problem)： the roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such (challenges). That day, I got (passed) by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as ____________. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷片段)
A. reliable B. convenient
C. familiar D. appealing
D 上文提到作者在上坡路上骑行遇到的挑战：riding uphill for miles(长途爬坡)和“passed by 100 ‘local’ bikers” (被当地百名自行车手赶超), 暗示作者的体力消耗和自尊受挫会引发负面情绪, 又利用副词suddenly(突然)强调情绪突然逆转，觉得骑自行车不再那么有吸引力了。reliable “可靠的”； convenient “方便的；便利的；附近的”； familiar “熟悉的”； appealing “吸引人的”。
答案与解析
高频多义词 pass v. ①走过；经过 ②前行；穿过 ③通过 ④给；递；传递 ⑤推移；逝去 ⑥消磨；度过；打发 ⑦考试及格；通过(考试) ⑧(被)通过 n. ①及格；合格；通过 ②通行 证；车票；乘车证 ③越过；飞跃
答案与解析
考法2
1 由构词法派生、合成而来的新词
合成词的词义通常是组成合成词的各个单词的含义的组合，遇到此类单词可将其拆解为自己熟悉的单词, 明确各个单词的含义，再组合其意思，推测含义。
5. After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how ________ Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to (remind) me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷片段)
open-minded B. strong-willed C. warm-hearted D. well-informed
冲满分必破的4类障碍词
C 褒贬色彩法。根据下文邻居的热心行为“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door”和“close the window in my car when rain is coming”可推知，作者的邻居们是善良、热心的人。故选C。
合成词 ①(open+mind+-ed) open-minded adj. 思想开明的 ②(strong+will+-ed) strong-willed adj. 意志坚强的；坚持己见的 ③(warm+heart+-ed) warm-hearted adj. 热心的 ④(well+inform+-ed) well-informed adj. 见多识广的
答案与解析
6. After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me (load) Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and (call) them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
The flight was ① , and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she (flew) with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so ② and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.It
felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷片段)
①A. unnecessary B. unexpected
C. unavoidable D. uneventful 派生词
②A. thankful B. generous
C. proud D. sympathetic
①D 平行结构解题。根据下文中的“Tiffy was a great passenger”可知，这次飞行是很顺利的。
派生词 ①unnecessary (un-不+necessary 必要的) adj. 不必要的 ②unexpected (un-不+expect 预料+-ed) adj. 出乎意料的
③unavoidable (un-不+avoid+-able 可……的) adj. 无法避免的
④uneventful (un-不+event+-ful 充满……的→没什么大事的) adj. 平淡的；平静无事的
答案与解析
②A 平行结构解题。根据下文中的“sent me a nice e-mail with pictures”可知, George非常感激作者。thankful (thank+-ful) “感激 的”； generous “慷慨的，大方的”； proud “自豪的，骄傲
的”； sympathetic (sympathy+-etic) “同情的，有同情心的”。
答案与解析
2 词类活用、熟词生僻义
针对词类活用，首先应从其充当的句子成分入手，准确判断其词 性，然后根据语境确定其准确含义。
7. “It’s a great opportunity to share my passion for food and to (meet) new people，” said Ribeiro. Sometimes she prepares traditional Brazilian dishes (in honor of) her native home； other times she ____________ dinner courses with her favorite beers. (2025·浙江高考1月片段)
replaces B. tastes
C. orders D. pairs
D 根据下文“dinner courses with her favorite beers”可知Ribeiro是用自己最喜欢的啤酒搭配晚餐，而非用酒替代晚餐的菜肴。replace “代替”； taste “品尝”； order “订购”。
熟词生僻义 ①pair 熟义：n. 一双；一对；俩；对 生僻义：vt. 使成对；配对 ②pair A with B 将A与B精心搭配
答案与解析
8. During my first visit to Italy, I (struggled) to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to ____________ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and (praised) my language skills. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷片段)
A. string B. hang
C. mix D. match
A 上文的“struggled to ask for directions”(问路困难)表明作者语言能力薄弱 → 与下文“locals smiled at me and praised”(当地人微笑称赞)形成反差，说明每次作者费力拼凑出一句意大利语时，当地人都会微笑称赞。hang “悬挂”； mix “混合”； match “配对”。
词类活用 ①string n. 细绳；线；带子；一串；弦 v. 用线(或细绳等)串，把……连在一起 ②string sth. together 把(单词或短语)连成句子
答案与解析
3 高频多义词
9. In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight (budget). They could not afford to pay for (transportation) for their dog, Tiffy, and ① wanted to take her with them.
叙述对方的困难
It just ② that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who ③ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to ④ Tiffy. 位置变换要弄清
When I met Tiffy’s owners, they seemed very (nervous). George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was (hard) for him, having to leave his dog to a (stranger) and trust that everything would ⑤ . (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷片段)
①A. desperately B. temporarily C. secretly D. originally
②A. appeared B. proved C. happened D. showed
③A. waited B. offered C. hurried D. failed
④A. see off B. look for C. hand over D. pick up
⑤A. speed up B. work out C. come back D. take off
①A 根据第三段狗主人的紧张表现可知，主人对宠物狗非常在意，因此即使他们预算紧张，不能支付狗的运输费用，他们还在网上发帖子求助，可见他们非常想带上狗。desperately “非常，拼命地”； temporarily “暂时”； secretly “秘密地”； originally “原 来，起初”。
熟词生僻义 desperately 熟义：adv. 绝望地 生僻义：adv. 拼命 地，不顾一切地
答案与解析
②C 根据首段中“I saw a post on the PNP”和下文中的“I was planning another PNP flight”可知，作者碰巧有个PNP飞行计划。It just happened that ... “碰巧……”。appear “似乎”； prove “证明”； show “显示”。
熟词生僻义 happen 熟义：vi.发生，出现 生僻义：linking verb 恰好；碰巧
答案与解析
③B 根据下文中的“take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia”以及下文的叙述可知，另一个飞行员Karen主动提出把Tiffy从堪萨斯城 带到弗吉尼亚。wait “等待”； offer “提供，主动提出”； hurry “匆忙”； fail “失败”。
熟词生僻义 offer 熟义：vt. 提供(某物给某人)；主动提出；自 愿给予 n. 主动提议；建议；出价 生僻义：n. 报价；减价，削价；处理价；特价
答案与解析
④D 上文提到狗在托皮卡市，作者飞往托皮卡就是为了接
Tiffy。see off “为……送行”； look for “寻找”； hand over “移 交”；pick up “接(某人)，取(某物)”。
答案与解析
pick up一词多义
+sb.作宾语:①举/抱起某人 ②pick yourself up (跌倒或被击倒后)慢慢站起身 ③(开车)接人,接载;搭载 ④营救,搭救
+sth.作宾语:①捡起(拿起,拾起)某物 ②(开车)接;取 ③染上(疾 病) ④接收(信号、声音、图像等) ⑤(不费力地)学会;获得
⑥(碰巧或廉价地)买到 ⑦收拾;整理(房间、房子) pick up a room整理房间 ⑧察觉;发现;注意到pick up the faint sound of a car听到远处传来微弱的汽车声 ⑨重新开始;继续
Let’s pick up where we left off yesterday.咱们从昨天停下的地方继续吧。 ⑩加速 Brian started the engine and pulled away slowly, and then picked up speed.布赖恩发动引擎,慢慢驶离,然后开始加速。
不及物:①(经济、健康状况等)改善;好转 Things are picking up.情况开始好转。 ②(风)变大;变强 The wind is picking up now.现在风愈刮愈大了。
⑤B 根据上文中的“leave his dog to a (stranger)”可知，他不得不相信一切都会进展顺利。speed up “加速”； work out “解决；进展顺利”； come back “再度流行”； take off “突然成功”。
答案与解析
work out一词多义
及物:work ... out:①计算;算出 ②设法弄懂某事物 ③制订出
不及物:①锻炼身体;做运动 ②好起来;进展顺利work out well/as planned进展顺利/按计划进行
积累
重点词 budget n.预算vi.&vt.把……编入预算；谨慎花钱
4 生僻词汇、地道语块
10. For Ribeiro, it has become a perfect platform for (pursuing) her hobby of buying food, ① new recipes and holding dinner parties.
“It’s a great opportunity to share my passion for food and to (meet) new people，” said Ribeiro. Sometimes she prepares traditional Brazilian dishes ② her native home； other times she (pairs) dinner courses with her favorite beers.
The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great deal of freedom, as ③ to a restaurant where the service is
(impersonal), the menu is known in advance, and the meal is expected to
be no ④ . (2025·浙江高考1月片段)
①A. passing on B. trying out C. going over D. taking down
②A. in addition to B. in return for C. in honor of D. in line with
③A. opposed B. related C. subject D. vital
④A. surprise B. end C. need D. problem
①B 下文介绍Ribeiro 做传统巴西菜肴纪念自己的家乡，用自己最喜欢的啤酒搭配晚餐，且第③空前提到 Ribeiro 烹饪时有很大的自由发挥空间，由此可推断，她会试做新的食谱。pass on “递 给，传给”； try out “尝试；测试；试验”； go over “复习；仔细检查”； take down “写下；记录；拆掉；拆除；拆卸”。
答案与解析
②C 根据空前后的“she prepares traditional Brazilian dishes”和“her native home”的语境可推知，Ribeiro 做传统巴西菜肴是为了纪念自己的家乡。故选C。in addition to “除……外(还)”； in return for “作为……的回报”； in honor of “为了纪念”； in line with “与……一致；与……相似(或紧密相连)”。
答案与解析
③A 上文介绍Ribeiro尝试新的菜谱，且烹饪时有很大的自由发挥空间，下文介绍餐馆没有人情味的服务和预知的菜单，由此 可推知，Ribeiro在家准备的家庭餐不同于(opposed)餐馆。 related “(与to搭配)有联系的；相关的”； vital “必不可少的；对……极重要的”。
地道语块 ①as opposed to 而；相对于 ②be subject to 可能受……影响的；易遭受……的
答案与解析
④A 上文介绍餐馆的菜单“known in advance”(预知的)和服务impersonal(缺乏人情味的)，都是对餐馆情况的负面描述, 暗示餐馆的菜品没有新意，不会给顾客带来惊喜。surprise “惊喜；意外”。
派生词 (im-+person+-al) impersonal adj.缺乏人情味的;冷淡的;非指个人的;客观的
地道语块 ①no surprise没惊喜;没意外 ②no problem没问题;没什么,不客气,没关系 ③no end极其;非常;很
答案与解析
11. Once there, Lenoue was ① and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme (pain) to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more (confused) about why her act is considered a big ② . “She was just crying. I couldn’t (leave) her，” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.” (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷片段)
①A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated
②A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal
①B 根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，她是先接受了检 查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受评估。 interrupt “打断； 中 断”； assess “评估”； identify “确认； 认出； 发现”； appreciate “感激”。
合成词 (check+point) checkpoint n. 检查点
答案与解析
②D 根据后文Bailey的回答“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”可知, Bailey觉得自己只是做了一件该做的事，所以让她疑惑的是为什么认为她的行为很了不起。
地道语块 a big deal 非常重要的/令人激动的事/情况
答案与解析
猜测阅读障碍词的能力 (2025全国一卷完形+2种考法对应片段)
重点词 beloved adj. ①_________ _______________ inch vt.&vi. ②_________
_________________
派生词/ 合成词 re-+post→ repost vt. ③__________ _______________ im-+person+-al→impersonal adj. ④___________
_________________________________
give+away→ giveaway n. ⑤__________ well+inform+-d→ well-informed adj. ⑥___________
深爱的；钟爱的
(使朝某方向)谨慎移动
重新发布 (帖子)
缺乏人情味的；冷淡的；非指个人的；客观的
随赠品
见多识广的
熟词 生僻义 move 熟义：vi.搬家；搬迁 vi.&vt. (使)改变位置，移动 生僻义：n. ⑦_____________ ________________________ spare 熟义：adj.空闲的；空余的；闲置的；备用的 生僻义：vt.
⑧____________
_____________
string 熟义： n.细绳；线；带子；一串；弦 生僻义： ⑨ vt. __________ _____________________________ pair 熟义： n.一双；一对；俩；对 生僻义：vt.
⑩____________
搬家；搬迁；调动；移动；活动
省得；免去；放过；使逃脱
用线(或细绳等)串，把……连在一起
使成对；配对
语块 as opposed to ___________ no end _____________
_____
而；相对于
极其；非常；很
文本再开发
1.语法填空
One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen ①______ (stare) at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding. My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy emptying ②____ the beloved home our family had spent 23 years ③_________ (fill) up. We ④______________ (decide) on key items for the apartment we were moving to in town, donated what we could, ⑤_______ rented a place to store our supposedly important objects. That left a house still ⑥______ (stuff) with things that, while not particularly valuable, didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
staring
out
filling
had decided
and
stuffed
2.佳句仿写
佳句 I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the belongings that share our small space. (画面定格) I take joy in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is appreciating something that couldn’t come with us. (感悟)
仿写 (仿效加黑体部分写续写结尾句)饼干算不上完美，但确确实实出自我手——虽然烤得有点焦，形状也凹凸不平，但味道还不错。当彼得伸手去拿第二块时，我欣喜地意识到，就算搞砸了也能收获美好……甚至可能更棒呢!
The cookies weren’t perfect, but they were mine—a little too brown, a little uneven, but still good. ___________________________________, ________________________________________________________... maybe even better!
As Peter reached for another
I took joy in realizing that even mistakes could turn out okay
