热点一 动词形式最常考,“谓”与“非谓”要辨清
高考命题新角度1 语法填空长难句障碍题 2025高考语法填空句子长度增加,结构松散且干扰因素增多。
会析句·善解题
分析长难句,理清主干,确定谓语与非谓语
1.An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork ① (inspire) by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, which ② (originate) in China more than 4,000 years ago.(2025·全国一卷改编)
2.Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ① (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. These plants included modern Western favourites such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a ② (wind) path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors ③ (see), too. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷改编)
3.However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____________ (offer) in smaller packs. (2024·浙江高考1月)
分析长难句,理清主干,确定谓语与非谓语
1. ( ① Go, or weiqi in (非核心成分过多类)
2.Further, the greenhouse) (walk) through a journey by the ancient Silk Road), (by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for
定语从句,修饰the ancient Silk Road
the first time). such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. also a (wind) visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road). for (see), too. (含多个动词类长难句)
if引导条件状语从句
3.However, , if could sometimes (offer) packs]. (多个从句套用类长难句)
第1讲 谓语动词
考频:一般过去时3年4考>一般现在时3年3考>情态动词后的被动语态3年0考。
难度体现在:①句子结构复杂化;②主从句、并列句时态不一致;③无明确时间标志;④不规则动词变形。
2025全国一卷对谓语动词的考查侧重一般现在时,对谓语的考查较简单。语法填空长难句类型如下:
1.非核心成分过多类:插入语、定语、状语、同位语等非核心成分过多、谓语与非谓语混淆→锁定谓语,去掉非核心成分,厘清句子主干。
2.含多个主谓类:句中动词多,句子结构难厘清→①首先明确每一个主谓结构代表一个句子,句子之间应该有连词;②并列句要从并列连词处分开,分别分析每个分句的成分;复合句要首先找出从句,从句只充当主句的某个成分。
3.多个从句套用类:从句之中又包含从句,难以识别句子结构,难以确定句中的谓语动词和非谓语动词→①利用连接词和主谓结构的个数厘清主句和从句的层次;②找句子主干,对每一个从句用同样的方法弄清其主干部分。
热考法·巧应对
考法1 动词的时态——4个技巧搞定时态
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 1.Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ____________ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 2.Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). (2024·浙江高考1月) 3.As a little girl, I ____________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷 4.On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in what is now northwestern Wyoming. They ____________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. (2024·全国甲卷) 5.However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____________ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year. (2025·北京高考) 技巧1 有明确的时间标志——时间状语判断法 ①一般现在时:currently等。 ②一般过去时:yesterday、the other day、时间段+ago等。 ③现在进行时:look、listen、now、at present、at this moment/time等。 ④过去进行时:at that time/moment等。 ⑤一般将来时:tomorrow、next week/year、in the future等。 ⑥将来进行时:at six/this time tomorrow等。 ⑦现在完成时:since+时间点、ever since、recently、lately、already、so far、up to/until/by now、to date, during/over/in the last/past+时间段、in/over recent+时间段等。 ⑧过去完成时:by+过去的时间点、by the end of/before+过去的时间点等。
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 6.“The players’personalities are revealed during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,”she adds.“A decent winner always ____________ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side.”(2025·全国一卷) 7.Some of the things that Tang was writing about ____________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷 8.My heart went out to him, and I ____________ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said,“Thanks!”(2024·北京高考) 技巧2 无明确的时间标志——参考语境和并列谓语 (1)语境理解少不了: 仔细分析设空处所在句前后句子中的谓语动词的时态,弄清动作发生的时间及顺序,确定所填谓语动词的时态。 (2)“瞻前顾后”找并列: ①可根据并列连词and、but、or、as well as、rather than、both ... and ...、neither ... nor ...、either ... or ...、 not only ... but (also) ...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。 ②如果同一个主语连接两个或两个以上的并列谓语,谓语动词时态要一致。
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 9.Henry ____________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.(新高考Ⅱ卷) 10.The rolling sea of clouds you see once you ____________ (be) at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are. (新高考Ⅰ卷改编) B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷 11.By the time you brushed your teeth, you ____________ (make) several decisions even without noticing.(2025·北京高考) 12.When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ____________ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. (2024·北京高考) 技巧3 时态呼应判断法 ①在时间/条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时;主句用一般过去时,从句用各种相应的过去时态。 ②在宾语从句中,如主句用一般过去时,从句应用过去的某种时态;从句表客观事实或真理,用一般现在时。 ③在定语从句中,主从句谓语时态通常一致。 技巧4 固定句型判断法 ①祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陈述句,陈述句用一般将来时。 ②This/It/That is+the+序数词+time+(that)从句,从句用现在完成时。 ③This/It/That was+the+序数词+time+(that)从句,从句用过去完成时。 ④It is/has been+时间段+since sb./sth. did ... ⑤was/were doing sth. when sb./sth.did ... ⑥no sooner had sb. done sth. than sb./sth. did ... ⑦hardly had sb. done sth. when sb./sth. did ... ⑧by the time+sb./sth. did,主语+had done ...
考法2 检验主被动关系,定动词的语态
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 13.“The players’personalities ____________ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,”she adds. (2025·全国一卷) 14.In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes ____________ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. (2023·浙江高考1月) B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷 15.Usually, better outcomes ____________ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. (2025·北京高考) 16.What should ____________ (do) with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud. (2024·全国甲卷) 17.Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ____________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. (2023·全国乙卷) 解题时首先要找出句子的主语,然后确定主语与动词之间的关系:①主语是动作的发出者,动词则用主动语态;②主语是动作的承受者,则动词用被动语态。只有及物动词(短语)才有被动语态。系动词和不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。 牢记常考的几种时态的被动语态以及动词的各种形式的拼写,尤其是不规则动词的现在分词、过去式和过去分词形式。 (1)①一般现在/过去时:am/is/are/was/were done;②一般/过去将来时:will/would be done;③现在/过去进行时:am/is/are/was/were being done;④现在/过去完成时:has/have/had been done。 (2)含有情态动词的被动语态形式:情态动词+be done。 (3)牢记常考的不及物动词(短语),如:remain、happen、occur、belong to等。
考法3 主谓一致
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 18.And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The“sunshine scent (香味)”of freshly sunned clothes ____________ (be) one of them.(2025·全国二卷) 19.The concept ____________ (be) certainly not new—men have been renting good suits for decades—but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.(2025·浙江高考1月) B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷 20.The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, ____________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. (2023·全国乙卷) 长难句障碍题 21.Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ____________ (cause) a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. (2023·天津高考) 22.Once upon a time, in the heart of Africa, there was a king who ____________ (know) for his wisdom and courage. (2023·上海高考1月) (1)一致原则:①单个主语从句、不可数名词、单数名词,表示距离、时间、金钱等的名词(短语)、单个不定式(短语)或动名词(短语)或不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;②定语从句谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词或代词的数保持一致。 (2)就近原则:①or、either ... or ...、neither ... nor ...、not only ... but (also) ...、not ... but ...等连接并列主语时;②在there/here be句式中,谓语动词与最邻近的主语在数上保持一致。 (3)就远原则:“名词/代词+表‘增、减、补充说明’的介词(短语)+名词/代词”作主语,谓语动词与第一个名词或代词在数上保持一致。 增:with、along with、together with、in addition to、as well as、besides 减:except、but“除去” 补充说明:including、rather than、like、such as等
细析句子结构,辨清谓语与非谓语,留意牢记易错动词形式变化
Exercise 1 谓语 | People’s Daily Online
For thousands of years, the traditional tofu-making techniques ① (carry) on from generation to generation in Bagongshan Township of Shouxian County. This technique in 2014 ② (add) to the fourth batch of the national representative list of intangible cultural heritage of China.
The magic journey from soybeans to tofu ③ (include) more than ten processes, such as soybean selection, soaking, grinding, soy milk boiling and curdling. In Huainan City, tofu can ④ (make) into hundreds of dishes, including tofu dumplings, fried Huainan tofu steak and “Chrysanthemum-shaped tofu”, which requires chef to conduct cutting on a piece of tofu for over 160 times.
In 2024, the output value of the entire soybean products industry chain in the city ⑤ (reach) 4.52 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10.4 percent.
①________________ ②________________ ③________________ ④________________ ⑤________________
Exercise 2 谓语+非谓语 | China Daily
It may sound hard to believe, but Yang, a 32-year-old UK doctoral student, embarked on an old-fashioned solo trip. Last November 27, he ① (leave) Taiyuan with a 40-liter backpack containing clothing, two cameras, maps, ID, bank cards, cash, calligraphy brushes, ink, a pen, a notebook, and books.
Over 134 days across 68 counties and cities in 24 provinces and regions, he read 40 books, ② (document) his journey, and recorded sights with two cameras. ③ (free) from phones and computers, Yang was surprised by the rewards—Books and museums became his guide. He also rediscovered the nostalgia (怀旧) of writing letters, mailing 40 (receiving five treasured replies), and the pleasure of calligraphy.
So far, this “experiment” ④ (transform) him. Previously averaging seven daily phone hours, he now ⑤ (keep) a degree of Internet distance: no phone Wi-Fi, no home Wi-Fi, limiting his phone usage to 90 minutes daily. Work requiring Internet is confined to his art studio.
Yang returned to Taiyuan on April 9. When he ⑥ (see) his untouched phone and computer for more than four months, he hesitated to turn them on, as he had become used to a quiet, peaceful offline life.
①________________ ②________________ ③________________ ④________________ ⑤________________ ⑥________________
热点一
会析句·善解题
1.①inspired 主句已有谓语is featuring, 空处作非谓语, inspire与artwork是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作定语,填inspired。
②originated 空处在非限制性定语从句中作谓语,且从句时间状语是more than 4,000 years ago,故从句用一般过去时,填originated。
2.①walks 空处为谓语动词,根据下文的“The garden also contains”可知,本句时态为一般现在时,主语the Silk Route Garden为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。walk sb. through,意为“带领某人穿过……”。
②winding 空处作定语, 应用非谓语, path 与wind“蜿蜒;曲折而行;迂回”是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作定语, 故填winding。
③to see 本句已有谓语, 空处为非谓语, 此处表目的, 应用不定式, 填to see。
3.be offered 句意:然而,虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事,但如果有时能以小包装出售,那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”,和主语构成被动关系,主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
第1讲
热考法·巧应对
1.was built 句中时间状语是Two years later, 故该句用一般过去时, 主语为pavilion,与build之间为被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态, 填was built。
2.have started 句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉,包装设计成两半,拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知,此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
3.wished 根据空前的“As a little girl”和空后的“when I grew up” “Now, I’m living out that dream”可知,空处讲的是作者小时候的愿望,时态应用一般过去时,故填wished。live out that dream “实现那个梦想”。
4.were 本空前They指代上文提及的four men,句中时间状语为in mid-September 1870,从句谓语是had spent,为过去完成时,本空用一般过去时,故填were。
5.left 根据句中时间状语“last year”可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,故填left。
6.tries 空处作谓语,且与上一句中的谓语are exposed时态一致,应用一般现在时,主语A decent winner为第三人称单数,故填tries。
7.were 主语为Some of the things, “that Tang was writing about”作things 的后置定语。从句是过去进行时,故主句为一般过去时,主语为复数,谓语用were。
8.jogged 句中and连接并列句,空处作后句谓语,根据and前的went可知,此处描述过去发生的事,用一般过去时,故填jogged。
9.was fixing 此处是固定句式was/were doing sth. when ... 表“正在做某事,这时……”。此处为Henry正在修车,这时他突然听到尖叫声。主语为第三人称单数, 故填 was fixing。
10.are 分析句子结构可知,空处在once引导的从句中作谓语,主句谓语是一般将来时,故once引导的从句用一般现在时,主语是you,故填are。
长难句分析: once you humans are].
11.had made 根据by the time引导的时间状语从句是一般过去时,主句用过去完成时,表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作,故填had made。
12.gives 句意:当我们放慢脚步时,我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪,这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域,并给我们做出正确选择的机会。空处在which引导的非限制性定语从句中作谓语, 且与已有的谓语helps时态一致, 应用一般现在时, 且which指代前边的整个句子, 故从句谓语用第三人称单数形式,故填gives。
13.are revealed 分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语,空处与and后分句的谓语are exposed时态一致,应用一般现在时,主语The players’ personalities与reveal “揭示;显示”为被动关系,故此处用一般现在时的被动语态,主语为复数, be动词用are,故填are revealed。
14.were permitted 空处在句中作谓语,主语Citizens of higher social classes与其为被动关系,又由前句中In the Ming Dynasty可知,此处用一般过去时的被动语态,故填were permitted。
15.are achieved 根据时间状语Usually可知,此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作,应用一般现在时;主语better outcomes和动词achieve “实现”之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态;主语better outcomes是复数,be动词应用are。故填are achieved。
16.be done 句意:对于这样一个美丽的地方,我们应该做些什么呢 主语what指物,与谓语动词do是被动关系,情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态,故填be done。
17.was amazed 句意:在过去的10年里,我来过几次,我惊叹于新与旧的共存,以及一个城市如何能够在不断发展的同时保留如此丰富的遗产。 主语I和amaze之间是被动关系,应用被动语态, 根据and后的was able to 可知,此处用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was amazed。
18.is 前一句提到“体验到了一些时常令自己惊讶的事”,此处表“新晒过的衣物散发的‘阳光香味’正是其中之一”,空处谓语与上一句中从句谓语surprise时态一致,应用一般现在时,且主语“The ‘sunshine scent (香味)’”为第三人称单数,be动词用is。故填is。
19.is 下一句是一般现在时,故本句描述的是现在的情况,应用一般现在时,且主语The concept 为单数,故填is。
20.means 空处作谓语,which引导的定语从句谓语是一般现在时,且mean后的宾语从句中谓语也为一般现在时,故此处也应用一般现在时;句子主语为“The remarkable development”,谓语动词应用第三人称单数,故填means。
长难句分析(含多个动词类长难句):The remarkable , consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world), (mean) something new to discover here, photographing .
21.has caused 句意:人类对动物王国的影响,如狩猎和破坏栖息地,在过去的30年里导致了某些物种的数量的减少。分析句子结构可知, 空处为谓语, 根据时间状语in the past three decades可知应用现在完成时。该句主语是Human impact,谓语用第三人称单数,故填has caused。
22.was known 此句为there be句型,空处为定语从句的谓语动词,此处意为“被人们所知道”, be known for意为“因……而出名”,且主句谓语为一般过去时,主从句谓语时态一致,故从句用一般过去时;who引导的定语从句修饰先行词a king,故谓语用第三人称单数,填was known。
外刊原味小练
Exercise 1
①have been carried 考查动词的时态和语态。 句中时间状语是For thousands of years,应用现在完成时,主语techniques与carry on是被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态,填have been carried。
②was added 考查动词的时态和语态。句中时间状语是in 2014,且主语This technique与add是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,填was added。
③includes 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。 此处指客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语是The magic journey,故谓语用第三人称单数,填includes。
④be made 考查动词的语态。 主语tofu与make是被动关系,应用被动语态。空前是情态动词can,故填be made。
⑤reached 考查动词的时态。 句中时间状语是In 2024,故用一般过去时,填reached。
Exercise 2
①left 考查动词的时态。 根据时间状语Last November 27可知,此处用一般过去时,填left。
②documented 考查动词的时态。空处与空前空后的read、 recorded是并列谓语,时态应一致,应用一般过去时,故填documented。
③Freed 考查非谓语动词。动词free “释放;使摆脱”与Yang是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作状语,且空处位于句首,首字母大写,故填Freed。
④has transformed 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句时间状语是So far,该句用现在完成时,主语是this “experiment”,故填has transformed。
⑤keeps 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。 本句时间状语是now,此处用一般现在时,主语为he,故填keeps。
⑥saw 考查动词的时态。 主句谓语hesitated是一般过去时,从句用一般过去时,填saw。
积累
重点词 untouched adj.未受影响;未被损害;原封未动
派生词 (treasure+-ed) treasured adj.珍惜的
语块 ①solo trip独自旅行 ②embark on从事,着手,开始 ③be confined to限制;限定(共64张PPT)
专题三
善分析基础牢
语法填空得满分
热点一 动词形式最常考，
“谓”与“非谓”要辨清
高考命题新角度1 语法填空长难句障碍题 2025高考语法填空句子长度增加，结构松散且干扰因素增多。
分析长难句，理清主干，确定谓语与非谓语
1.An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring
artwork ① (inspire) by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, which
② (originate) in China more than 4，000 years ago.
(2025·全国一卷改编)
inspired
originated
①inspired 主句已有谓语is featuring, 空处作非谓语, inspire与artwork是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语，填inspired。
②originated 空处在非限制性定语从句中作谓语, 且从句时间状语是more than 4，000 years ago，故从句用一般过去时, 填originated。
答案与解析
2.Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ① (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. These plants included modern Western favourites such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a ② (wind) path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors ③ (see), too. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷改编)
walks
winding
to see
①walks 空处为谓语动词，根据下文的“The garden also contains”可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”。
②winding 空处作定语, 应用非谓语, path 与wind“蜿蜒; 曲折而行; 迂回”是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作定语, 故填winding。
③to see 本句已有谓语, 空处为非谓语, 此处表目的, 应用不定式, 填to see。
答案与解析
3.However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____________ (offer) in smaller packs. (2024·浙江高考1月)
be offered 句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
答案与解析
be offered
分析长难句，理清主干，确定谓语与非谓语
1. ( ① Go, or weiqi in years ago]).
(非核心成分过多类)
2.Further, the greenhouse) (walk) through a journey by the ancient Silk Road),
(by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for
the first time). such
as rosemary, lavender and fennel. also a (wind) visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road). for (see), too. (含多个动词类长难句)
3.However
if could sometimes (offer) packs]. (多个从句套用类长难句)
第1讲 谓语动词
考频：一般过去时3年4考>一般现在时3年3考>情态动词后的被动语态3年0考。
难度体现在：①句子结构复杂化；②主从句、并列句时态不一致；③无明确时间标志；④不规则动词变形。
2025全国一卷对谓语动词的考查侧重一般现在时，对谓语的考查较简单。语法填空长难句类型如下：
1.非核心成分过多类：插入语、定语、状语、同位语等非核心成分过多、谓语与非谓语混淆→锁定谓语，去掉非核心成分，厘清句子主干。
2.含多个主谓类：句中动词多，句子结构难厘清→①首先明确每一个主谓结构代表一个句子，句子之间应该有连词；②并列句要从并列连词处分开，分别分析每个分句的成分；复合句要首先找出从句，从句只充当主句的某个成分。
3.多个从句套用类：从句之中又包含从句，难以识别句子结构，难以确定句中的谓语动词和非谓语动词→①利用连接词和主谓结构的个数厘清主句和从句的层次；②找句子主干，对每一个从句用同样的方法弄清其主干部分。
考法1
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月
1.Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ____________ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
动词的时态——4个技巧搞定时态
was built 句中时间状语是Two years later, 故该句用一般过去时, 主语为pavilion，与build之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态, 填was built。
答案与解析
was built
2.Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). (2024·浙江高考1月)
have started 句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉，包装设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
答案与解析
have started
3.As a little girl, I ____________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
wished 根据空前的“As a little girl”和空后的“when I grew up” “Now, I’m living out that dream”可知，空处讲的是作者小时候的愿望，时态应用一般过去时，故填wished。live out that dream “实现那个梦想”。
答案与解析
wished
B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷
4.On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in what is now northwestern Wyoming. They ____________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. (2024·全国甲卷)
were
were 本空前They指代上文提及的four men，句中时间状语为in mid-September 1870，从句谓语是had spent，为过去完成时，本空用一般过去时，故填were。
答案与解析
5.However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists ____________ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year. (2025·北京高考)
left 根据句中时间状语“last year”可知，此处描述过去发生的事 情，应用一般过去时，故填left。
答案与解析
left
技巧1 有明确的时间标志——时间状语判断法
①一般现在时：currently等。
②一般过去时：yesterday、the other day、时间段+ago等。
③现在进行时：look、listen、now、at present、at this moment/time 等。
④过去进行时：at that time/moment等。
⑤一般将来时：tomorrow、next week/year、in the future等。
⑥将来进行时：at six/this time tomorrow等。
⑦现在完成时：since+时间点、ever since、recently、lately、
already、so far、up to/until/by now、to date, during/over/in the last/past+时间段、in/over recent+时间段等。
⑧过去完成时：by+过去的时间点、by the end of/before+过去的时间点等。
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月
6.“The players’personalities are revealed during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent，”she adds.“A decent winner always ________ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side.”(2025·全国一卷)
tries 空处作谓语，且与上一句中的谓语are exposed时态一致，应用一般现在时，主语A decent winner为第三人称单数，故填tries。
答案与解析
tries
7.Some of the things that Tang was writing about ____________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
were 主语为Some of the things, “that Tang was writing about”作things 的后置定语。从句是过去进行时，故主句为一般过去时，主语为复数，谓语用were。
答案与解析
were
B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷
8.My heart went out to him, and I ____________ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said，“Thanks!”(2024·北京高考)
jogged 句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根据and前的went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时，故填jogged。
答案与解析
jogged
技巧2 无明确的时间标志——参考语境和并列谓语
(1)语境理解少不了：
仔细分析设空处所在句前后句子中的谓语动词的时态，弄清动作发生的时间及顺序，确定所填谓语动词的时态。
(2)“瞻前顾后”找并列：
①可根据并列连词and、but、or、as well as、rather than、both ... and ...、neither ... nor ...、either ... or ...、 not only ... but (also) ...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。
②如果同一个主语连接两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月
9.Henry ____________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.(新高考Ⅱ卷)
was fixing 此处是固定句式was/were doing sth. when ... 表“正在做某事，这时……”。此处为Henry正在修车，这时他突然听到尖叫 声。主语为第三人称单数, 故填 was fixing。
答案与解析
was fixing
10.The rolling sea of clouds you see once you ______ (be) at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are. (新高考Ⅰ卷改编)
are 分析句子结构可知，空处在once引导的从句中作谓语，主 句谓语是一般将来时，故once引导的从句用一般现在时，主语是you，故填are。
答案与解析
are
长难句分析： [once you ] humans are].
B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷
11.By the time you brushed your teeth, you ____________ (make) several decisions even without noticing.(2025·北京高考)
had made 根据by the time引导的时间状语从句是一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，故填had made。
答案与解析
had made
12.When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ____________ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. (2024·北京高考)
gives
gives 句意：当我们放慢脚步时，我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪，这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域，并给我们做出正确选择的机会。空处在which引导的非限制性定语从句中作谓语, 且与已有的谓语helps时态一致, 应用一般现在时, 且which指代前边的整个句子, 故从句谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填gives。
答案与解析
技巧3 时态呼应判断法
①在时间/条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在 时；主句用一般过去时，从句用各种相应的过去时态。
②在宾语从句中，如主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去的某种时 态；从句表客观事实或真理，用一般现在时。
③在定语从句中，主从句谓语时态通常一致。
技巧4 固定句型判断法
①祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时。
②This/It/That is+the+序数词+time+(that)从句，从句用现在完成时。
③This/It/That was+the+序数词+time+(that)从句，从句用过去完成时。
④It is/has been+时间段+since sb./sth. did ...
⑤was/were doing sth. when sb./sth.did ...
⑥no sooner had sb. done sth. than sb./sth. did ...
⑦hardly had sb. done sth. when sb./sth. did ...
⑧by the time+sb./sth. did，主语+had done ...
考法2
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月
13.“The players’personalities ____________ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent，”she adds. (2025·全国一卷)
检验主被动关系，定动词的语态
are revealed 分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语，空处与and后分句的谓语are exposed时态一致，应用一般现在时，主语The players’ personalities与reveal “揭示；显示”为被动关系，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数, be动词用are，故填are revealed。
答案与解析
are revealed
14.In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes __________________ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. (2023·浙江高考1月)
were permitted 空处在句中作谓语，主语Citizens of higher social classes与其为被动关系，又由前句中In the Ming Dynasty可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were permitted。
答案与解析
were permitted
B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷
15.Usually, better outcomes ____________ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. (2025·北京高考)
are achieved 根据时间状语Usually可知，此处表示经常性、习 惯性的动作，应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes和动词achieve “实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。故填are achieved。
答案与解析
are achieved
16.What should ____________ (do) with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud. (2024·全国甲卷)
be done 句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢 主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。
答案与解析
be done
17.Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ____________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. (2023·全国乙卷)
was amazed 句意：在过去的10年里，我来过几次，我惊叹于新与旧的共存，以及一个城市如何能够在不断发展的同时保留如此丰富的遗产。 主语I和amaze之间是被动关系，应用被动语态, 根据and后的was able to 可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was amazed。
答案与解析
was amazed
解题时首先要找出句子的主语，然后确定主语与动词之间的关系：①主语是动作的发出者，动词则用主动语态；②主语是动作的承受者，则动词用被动语态。只有及物动词(短语)才有被动语态。系动词和不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。
牢记常考的几种时态的被动语态以及动词的各种形式的拼写，尤其是不规则动词的现在分词、过去式和过去分词形式。
(1)①一般现在/过去时：am/is/are/was/were done；②一般/过去将来 时：will/would be done；③现在/过去进行时：am/is/are/was/were being done；④现在/过去完成时：has/have/had been done。
(2)含有情态动词的被动语态形式：情态动词+be done。
(3)牢记常考的不及物动词(短语)，如：remain、happen、occur、belong to等。
考法3
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月
18.And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The“sunshine scent (香味)”of freshly sunned clothes ______ (be) one of them.(2025·全国二卷)
主谓一致
is 前一句提到“体验到了一些时常令自己惊讶的事”，此处表“新晒过的衣物散发的‘阳光香味’正是其中之一”，空处谓语与上一句中从句谓语surprise时态一致，应用一般现在时，且主语“The ‘sunshine scent (香味)’”为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。
答案与解析
is
19.The concept ____ (be) certainly not new—men have been renting good suits for decades—but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.(2025·浙江高考1月)
is 下一句是一般现在时，故本句描述的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时，且主语The concept 为单数，故填is。
答案与解析
is
B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷
20.The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, ____________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. (2023·全国乙卷) 长难句障碍题
means
means 空处作谓语，which引导的定语从句谓语是一般现在时，且mean后的宾语从句中谓语也为一般现在时，故此处也应用一般现在时；句子主语为“The remarkable development”，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，故填means。
答案与解析
长难句分析(含多个动词类长难句)：The remarkable consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world), (mean) something new to discover here, photographing .
21.Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ____________ (cause) a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. (2023·天津高考)
has caused 句意：人类对动物王国的影响，如狩猎和破坏栖息 地，在过去的30年里导致了某些物种的数量的减少。分析句子结构可知, 空处为谓语, 根据时间状语in the past three decades可知应用现在完成时。该句主语是Human impact，谓语用第三人称单数，故填has caused。
答案与解析
has caused
22.Once upon a time, in the heart of Africa, there was a king who __________ (know) for his wisdom and courage. (2023·上海高考1月)
was known 此句为there be句型，空处为定语从句的谓语动词，此处意为“被人们所知道”, be known for意为“因……而出名”，且主句谓语为一般过去时，主从句谓语时态一致，故从句用一般过去 时；who引导的定语从句修饰先行词a king，故谓语用第三人称单数，填was known。
答案与解析
was known
(1)一致原则：①单个主语从句、不可数名词、单数名词，表示距 离、时间、金钱等的名词(短语)、单个不定式(短语)或动名词(短语)或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；②定语从句谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词或代词的数保持一致。
(2)就近原则：①or、either ... or ...、neither ... nor ...、not only ... but (also) ...、not ... but ...等连接并列主语时；②在there/here be句式中，谓语动词与最邻近的主语在数上保持一致。
(3)就远原则：“名词/代词+表‘增、减、补充说明’的介词(短语)+名词/代词”作主语，谓语动词与第一个名词或代词在数上保持一致。
增：with、along with、together with、in addition to、as well as、besides
减：except、but“除去”
补充说明：including、rather than、like、such as等
细析句子结构，辨清谓语与非谓语，留意牢记易错动词形式变化
Exercise 1 谓语 | People’s Daily Online
For thousands of years, the traditional tofu-making techniques
① (carry) on from generation to generation in Bagongshan Township of Shouxian County. This technique in 2014
② (add) to the fourth batch of the national representative list of intangible cultural heritage of China.
have been carried
was added
The magic journey from soybeans to tofu ③ (include) more than ten processes, such as soybean selection, soaking, grinding, soy milk boiling and curdling. In Huainan City, tofu can ④ (make) into hundreds of dishes, including tofu dumplings, fried Huainan tofu steak and “Chrysanthemum-shaped tofu”, which requires chef to conduct cutting on a piece of tofu for over 160 times.
includes
be made
In 2024, the output value of the entire soybean products industry chain in the city ⑤ (reach) 4.52 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10.4 percent.
reached
①have been carried 考查动词的时态和语态。 句中时间状语 是For thousands of years，应用现在完成时，主语techniques与 carry on是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，填have been carried。
②was added 考查动词的时态和语态。句中时间状语是in 2014，且主语This technique与add是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，填was added。
答案与解析
③includes 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。 此处指客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是The magic journey，故谓语用第三人称单数，填includes。
④be made 考查动词的语态。 主语tofu与make是被动关系，应用被动语态。空前是情态动词can，故填be made。
⑤reached 考查动词的时态。 句中时间状语是In 2024，故用一般过去时，填reached。
答案与解析
Exercise 2 谓语+非谓语 | China Daily
It may sound hard to believe, but Yang, a 32-year-old UK doctoral student, embarked on an old-fashioned solo trip. Last November 27, he
① (leave) Taiyuan with a 40-liter backpack containing clothing, two cameras, maps, ID, bank cards, cash, calligraphy brushes, ink, a pen, a notebook, and books.
left
Over 134 days across 68 counties and cities in 24 provinces and regions, he read 40 books, ② (document) his journey, and recorded sights with two cameras. ③ (free) from phones and computers, Yang was surprised by the rewards—Books and museums became his guide. He also rediscovered the nostalgia (怀旧) of writing letters, mailing 40 (receiving five treasured replies), and the pleasure of calligraphy.
documented
Freed
So far, this “experiment” ④ (transform) him. Previously averaging seven daily phone hours, he now ⑤ (keep) a degree of Internet distance： no phone Wi-Fi, no home Wi-Fi, limiting his phone usage to 90 minutes daily. Work requiring Internet is confined to his art studio.
has transformed
keeps
Yang returned to Taiyuan on April 9. When he ⑥ (see) his untouched phone and computer for more than four months, he hesitated to turn them on, as he had become used to a quiet, peaceful offline life.
saw
①left 考查动词的时态。 根据时间状语Last November 27可知，此处用一般过去时，填left。
②documented 考查动词的时态。空处与空前空后的read、 recorded是并列谓语，时态应一致，应用一般过去时，故填documented。
③Freed 考查非谓语动词。动词free “释放；使摆脱”与Yang是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语，且空处位于句首，首字母大写，故填Freed。
答案与解析
④has transformed 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句时间状语是So far，该句用现在完成时，主语是this “experiment”，故填has transformed。
⑤keeps 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。 本句时间状语是now，此处用一般现在时，主语为he，故填keeps。
⑥saw 考查动词的时态。 主句谓语hesitated是一般过去时，从句用一般过去时，填saw。
答案与解析
积累
重点词 untouched adj.未受影响；未被损害；原封未动
派生词 (treasure+-ed) treasured adj.珍惜的
语块 ①solo trip独自旅行 ②embark on从事，着手，开始 ③be confined to限制；限定
