热点二 名词、形容词、副词和数词
高考命题新角度3 语法填空非常规命题 ①特殊词形变化、常用词的非常用词性的词形变化、否定前缀的构词法;②名词所有格(2025浙江高考1月和2022新高考Ⅱ卷曾考)和名词作定语(2024新课标Ⅰ卷曾考)、数词的变形(2021新高考Ⅱ卷曾考)。
会析句·善解题
据句子结构、成分和标志词, 确定空处所填词形式
1.Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ① (strategy) placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired ② (artist) to create oil paintings, sculptures, ③ (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. (2025·全国一卷改编)
2.Since June 2017, right before the ① (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda ② (keeper) at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ③ (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English with (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷改编)
图解细析学解题
1.Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ① (strategy)
修饰名词placement,应用形容词作定语
placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired ② (artist) to create oil
作动词inspired的宾语,应用名词,且是可数名词
paintings, sculptures, ③ (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
修饰非谓语动词generated作状语,应用副词
2.Since June 2017, right before the ① (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing,
the+______+of,空处用名词 提示与comfortable并列作表语
I have been helping the panda ② (keeper) at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ③ (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English with
提示第2空名词的数
考频:名词的构词规律3年5考>名词复数变形3年4考>名词所有格3年0考=数词3年0考
形容词3年3考>副词3年2考>比较级3年1考
①常考的形容词后缀有: -al、 -ful、 -ed、 -(t)ic、 -y、 -ible/-able、 -ous、 -ive。
②常考的名词后缀有: -ion/-ity/-ment/-cy/-ist/-al/-ance/-ence、-age、-ure、-ness、-dom等; 名词的词形转换类题目不要忘记考虑名词的数。
③可数名词前无限定词,应用复数,注意可数名词复数形式的常规变形和特殊变形,确保书写正确。
④ 2025全国一卷涉及+后缀-ic将名词变形容词的形式变化。牢固掌握形容词转换为副词的构词规律: 一般直接+-ly, ue去e+-ly (如true→truly), y改i+-ly, le结尾e改y(whole→wholly是例外), ic结尾+-ally (public→publicly是例外), ll结尾+-y (如full→fully)。
热考法·巧应对
考法1 根据句意与构词规律确定用名词或名词所有格
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 1.“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your‘____________ (guide)’till they lose,”explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. (2025·全国一卷) 2.The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the ____________ (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air. (2025·全国二卷) 3.The latest ____________ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) 4.The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the ____________ (rich) of gardening in England. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)长难句障碍题 5.Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ____________ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 6.“I really want to make this work for ____________ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,”she says.(2025·浙江高考1月) B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷 7.They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the ____________ (complete) of their journey. (2024·全国甲卷) 填名词 1.厘关系,看成分 ①(限定词+)名词作主语+谓语 ②及物动词/介词(短语)+(限定词+) 名词作宾语 ③系动词+(限定词+) 名词作表语 (主语是“什么”,说明主语的身份、特征) ④动词+宾语+(限定词+) 名词作宾补 ⑤名词作定语(说明被修饰词的材料、用途、目的或来源等)+名词 ⑥名词所有格作定语(强调与被修饰词的所属关系或表逻辑上的主谓关系)+名词 2.看空前 空前如有冠词、指示代词、数量词、形容词性物主代词或形容词,空处一般填名词。
考法2 根据修饰关系确定用形容词与副词
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 8.Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, where bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and ____________ (center) heating doesn’t exist. (2025·全国二卷) 9.In cold weather, the structure stays ____________ (close) to protect the plants. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) 10.Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, ____________ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 11.No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is ____________ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left wanting more next time. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 12.So, what are they learning ____________ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) 13.The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ____________ (space) homes and walled gardens. (2023·浙江高考1月) B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷 14.____________ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. (2023·全国甲卷) 15.The ____________ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here. (2023·全国乙卷) 16.It’s ____________ (peace), especially around sunset.(2025·北京高考) 句法功能法定词形——分析句子成分,确定所填词在句中所作成分 填形容词 ①系动词+形容词作表语 (除be动词外,常见系动词还有become、feel、go、grow、look、lie、keep、prove、remain、stand等) ②(限定词+) 形容词作定语+名词/复合不定代词+形容词作定语 ③特定动词(believe、consider、make、 find、leave等)+宾语+形容词作宾补 ④be found/made/considered/left+形容词作主语补足语 ⑤形容词作状语(说明句子主语的状态或心理感受),+句子 ⑥the+形容词,表一类人或事物 填副词 ①副词作状语(表程度)+形容词/副词 ②副词作状语+动词(短语) /介词短语 ③副词作状语(修饰整个句子),+句子 填谓语/非谓语 谓语/非谓语 (提示词是形容词/名词):+后缀(-ize/-ise/-fy/-ify/-en)或前缀(en-) →动词形式,如sharpen、ensure等。 填提示词的反义词 据成分分析和句意,提示词词性不变,句意为否定:+否定前缀(dis-、un-、il-、ab-、ir-、in-、mis-等)或否定后缀-less变为其反义词。
考法3 据比较对象、修饰语确定比较等级
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 17.The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____________ (hot) the spring! (新高考Ⅰ卷) 18.Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ____________ (simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. (2023·浙江高考1月) 19.This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including ____________ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. (浙江高考) B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷 20.Yellowstone was the ____________ (large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. (2024·全国甲卷) 21.When was the last time you took on a tough choice Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly ____________ (long).(2025·北京高考) 提示词是形容词或副词,根据语境和句意,该词词性、意思不变,则可能填该词的原级、比较级或最高级。 1.利用标志词判断等级 ①设空后含有than时,用比较级;含有as时可能用形容词/副词原级。 ②设空前有用来修饰比较级的词语much、far、even、rather、any (否定句或疑问句中)、a little、a bit、a great deal及倍数(twice、three times)等用形容词/副词比较级。 ③设空后有表示范围的in/of/among短语等,用形容词/副词最高级。 ④设空前有one of the, the+序数词, by far the等修饰词,用形容词/副词最高级。 2.利用固定句型判断等级 ①the+比较级...,the+比较级...,表“越……,(就)越……”。 ②比较级+and+比较级,表“越来越……”。 ③“否定词+比较级”结构,表最高级含义。 ④倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as。 3.利用隐含信息判断等级 句中虽没有than等标志词,但暗含比较意义,也用比较级。
考法4 可数名词复数变形
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 22.The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky ____________ (afternoon) with lots of fresh air.(2025·全国二卷) 23.These plants included modern Western ____________ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) 24.Although they could never have met, there are common ____________ (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 25.They also need to be ready to give ____________ (interview) in English with international journalists. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) 26.As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer ____________ (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.(2025·浙江高考1月) B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷 27.But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____________ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. (2023·全国乙卷) 28.To practise this, we need to establish clear ____________ (boundary) in our personal and professional life. (2024·北京高考) 1.利用修饰语确定名词复数 ①名词前有one of the、among时,用复数形式。 ②名词前有these、those、many、several、(a) few、a number of、hundreds of、a couple of、a dozen of、all、both、other等词时,用复数形式。 ③名词前有≥2的基数词,如two、three等时,用复数形式。 ④可数名词前无限定词修饰时,用复数形式。 ⑤名词前有形容词different、various、countless等时,用复数形式。 2.利用谓语的数确定名词复数 所填名词作主语,且谓语动词是复数形式are、were、have等时,用复数形式。 3.牢记习惯上用复数形式的名词或短语 belongings/possessions“财物”; congratulations“祝贺”; surroundings“环境”; good manners“礼貌”; take pains“努力”; in ruins“成为废墟”; in high spirits“兴致勃勃”; living conditions“生活条件”; make preparations for“为……做准备”等。
考法5 数词的变形
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 29.In the ____________ (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. (新高考Ⅱ卷) B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷 30.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the ____________ (six) century B.C. (2023·全国甲卷) 1.口诀助记基数词变序数词:一、二、三单独记;八去t,九去e, ve常用f替,整十基数变序数,先把y变ie, th最后加上去;如遇其他两位数,十位基数个位序。 2.分数表示法:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母用复数,如two thirds三分之二。 3.the+序数词,表“第几”;a(n)+序数词,表“又一,再一”。 4.固定搭配和句式 ①second only to ...仅次于…… ②“倍数+as many/much/large ... as”,是……的多少倍;倍数+the size/width/length/height ... of ...……的多少倍大/宽/长/高……
细析句子结构,确定句子成分,注意特殊词形变化,准确变化词形
Exercise 1 熟词生僻义 | China Daily
In the lush hills and misty valleys of Guizhou Province lies the Hongyang village, a ① (hide) gem waiting to be discovered by travelers seeking authentic cultural experiences.
As our car wound its way along the serpentine (曲折的) roads, it felt as if I were being guided by a magician, revealing new ② (wonder) at every turn. Deep within the valley, surrounded by towering rocks and forests, I was amazed by its unspoiled beauty.
Under the ③ (guide) of skilled artisans, I learned the intricate art of making fermented rice wine, a time-honored tradition passed down through ④ (generation). Stirring the fermenting ⑤ (mix), I felt a profound connection to the heritage.
Beyond winemaking, Hongyang village offered rich experiences, from wandering through the ancient cobblestone streets lined with ⑥ (wood) houses to sampling the local cuisine. Every moment was a testament to the village’s enduring charm.
This journey was ⑦ (much) than travel; it was cultural enlightenment and self-discovery. Reflecting on the misty valleys and ⑧ (wind) roads that led me here, I was reminded of Lao Tzu’s ⑨ (wise): “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” Guizhou left an everlasting mark, inspiring me to explore the world with an open heart and a curious mind.
①________________ ②________________ ③________________ ④________________ ⑤________________ ⑥________________
⑦________________ ⑧________________ ⑨________________
Exercise 2 非常规考法 | The Financial Times
It saddens me that our culture now views science as difficult, which discourages many from taking an interest in it. A survey recently suggested that only around a ① (three) of 14- to 18-year-olds find scientists ② (inspiration) or consider the subject relevant to their lives.
In fact, science is woven through every aspect of our ③ (exist) and people from all walks of life and of all ages should be able to access it easily. The invention of the ④ (print) press was crucial to the Enlightenment (启蒙运动) because it democratised knowledge. So, in this increasingly science-centred world, the same attention should be given to popular science writing as is given to other ⑤ (form) of literature.
Good science writing plays a fundamental part in increasing access to the discipline. The ⑥ (late) thinking on problems that people really care about—be they climate change, pollution or health—should be discussed in cafés and pubs across the land. And often an ⑦ (understand) book is what helps this to happen.
①________________ ②________________ ③________________ ④________________ ⑤________________ ⑥________________ ⑦________________
热点二
会析句·善解题
1.①strategic/strategical 根据第一空前的the及空后的名词placement可知,此处应用形容词作定语修饰placement, strategy的形容词形式为strategic或strategical,表“战略性的;战略上的;根据全局而安排的”。strategical的使用频率较低。
②artists artist “艺术家”是可数名词,空前无表“一”的限定词,故用复数形式,填artists。
③digitally 第二空修饰空后的generated,说明图形生成的方式,应用副词作状语,故填digitally。
2.①arrival 空处作介词before的宾语,且是“the+ +of”结构, 故填名词arrival。
拓展:以-ve结尾的动词在变名词时,一般会将词尾的-e变为-al,如:survive (生存,存活)→survival; remove (移走,去掉)→removal; approve (赞成,同意)→approval。
②keepers 空处作helping的宾语,应用名词, 由下文的they可推知keeper“饲养员”用复数形式, 故填keepers。
③confident 由空前的并列连词and可知,空处与空前的形容词comfortable并列,同作feel的表语,故填形容词confident。
热考法·巧应对
1.guidance 空处作follow的宾语,且由形容词性物主代词your修饰,空处填guide的名词。guidance “引导”是不可数名词。故填guidance。
2.absence 介词短语“thanks to”后需接名词,构成“the+名词+of”结构,故将形容词absent变为名词absence (缺席,缺乏),填absence。
3.engineering 句意:使用最新的工程技术创建一个既有保护功能又美观的结构。 此处修饰techniques,表“工程技术”,应填名词engineering作定语。
4.richness 句意:玻璃温室是当代设计的一项伟大成就,它将中国西南地区的植物安置在一条小路的尽头,这条小路沿着丝绸之路而建,将这些植物从亚洲的原生地带到了英国,使英国的园艺丰富多彩。 空处作空前介词of的宾语, 空前有定冠词, 空后是介词of, 故空处填名词,形容词rich的名词形式是richness,表“丰富”,故填richness。
长难句分析: design], southwestern part of China) at the end of a path steps the Silk Route] native in Asia) to define much of the (rich) of gardening in England]}.
5.visibility 句意:Edmondson说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福的国际知名度,并补充说,游客们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。空处作宾语, 且形容词international后接名词形式,visible的名词形式为visibility“知名度;能见度”,为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。
6.people’s 空处修饰名词lives,应用名词所有格作定语,故填people’s。
7.completion 句意:他们都同意了,并承诺要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。空处作介词at 的宾语, 冠词修饰名词,本空应填名词作宾语,complete名词形式为completion,表“完成”,不可数,故填completion。
8.central 空处修饰名词heating作定语,应用形容词,此处指“集中供暖” (central heating),应填center的形容词central。
9.closed 句意:在寒冷的天气里,结构保持关闭,以保护植物。空处用于stays之后作表语,表“紧闭的;关闭的”,用形容词closed。
10.tasty 空处与空前的形容词hot并列,修饰空后的名词soup作定语, 表“美味的”,填形容词tasty。
11.rarely 此处enough为形容词,其前应用副词修饰,故填rarely “几乎不”。
12.Basically 空处修饰整个句子,作状语,应用副词,空处位于句首,首字母应大写,故填Basically。
拓展:以-ic结尾的形容词在变副词时,一般会将词尾的-ic变为-ically,如:academic (学术的)→academically; dramatic (激动人心的,引人注目的)→dramatically; economic (经济的,经济上的)→economically; scientific (科学的)→scientifically。
13.spacious 空处修饰空后的名词homes,作定语,应用形容词,表“宽敞的”,故填spacious。walled adj. “有围墙的”。
14.Different be different from“与……不同”,是固定短语,空处作状语,说明主语story的特点,应用形容词; 空处位于句首,首字母要大写,故填Different。
15.remarkable 空处在句中作定语,修饰名词development,应用形容词, 填remarkable。remarkable “非凡的,卓越的”。
16.peaceful is后接形容词作表语, peace的形容词形式是peaceful,意为“宁静的”,故填peaceful。
17.hotter 此处是固定结构“the+比较级,the+比较级”,意为“越……,越……”,故填hotter。
18.simpler 空处与空前的smaller相呼应,表示“在设计和装潢方面更简单”,故填simpler。commoner “平民”; laborer “体力劳动者;劳工”。
19.lower 由空后的higher和fewer可知,此处表“比较低的收入和教育”,应用比较级,故填lower。
20.largest 句意:黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园……空处修饰名词短语United States national park, 表“最大的”, 用形容词最高级largest。
21.longer 此处表示“多睡一会儿”,应用比较级longer,表示“更久”。故填longer。
22.afternoons 根据上下文“plenty of blue sky”和“lots of fresh air”的描述,这里指的是许多个下午的常态,而非特指某一个下午, afternoon “下午”是可数名词,应用复数形式,故填afternoons。
23.favourites 句意:这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favourite在本句中是可数名词,意为“最喜爱的物”,根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知,空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favourites。
24.themes 句意:虽然他们永远无法见面,但他们的作品中有一些相似的主题。本句为there be句型,为倒装句,根据谓语动词are可判断,本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。
25.interviews 分析句子结构可知,空处作动词give的宾语,应用名词。空前无限定词,且空后是“with international journalists”,故名词interview在此应用作复数,故填interviews。
26.times time表“次数”时是可数名词,空前是fewer,故time用复数形式,填times。
27.wonders wonder在此表“奇迹,奇观”,是可数名词,在with引导的复合结构中, wonder是逻辑主语,与后面表示历史古建筑的名词复数buildings应保持结构一致,采用名词复数形式,形成对照。故填wonders。
28.boundaries 句意:为了实践这一点,我们需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。句中boundary是可数名词,表“界限”,根据空后in our personal and professional life可知,此处表不止一个界限,故名词应用复数形式, 故填boundaries。
29.seventh 此处表示七年级,应用序数词,故填seventh。
30.sixth 空前有定冠词the,空后是名词century,故填序数词sixth。
外刊原味小练
Exercise 1
贵州红阳村的自然与文化之旅,让作者在体验米酒制作等传统技艺中,实现了文化探索与自我发现。
①hidden 考查词形转换。空处修饰名词gem作定语,表“隐藏的;隐匿的”,填形容词hidden。
②wonders 考查名词复数。new后需接名词,且wonder (奇观)为可数名词,空前无表“一”的限定词,故用复数形式泛指一类事物,填wonders。
③guidance 考查词形转换。 此处是固定短语under the guidance of “在……指导下”,填名词guidance。
④generations 考查名词复数。“passed down through generations” (代代相传)为固定表达,故此处用复数 generations。
⑤mixture 考查词形转换。空处作stirring的宾语,应用名词,此处指米浆,应填mix的名词形式mixture。
⑥wooden 考查词形转换。空处修饰名词houses,表示材质,应将名词wood转化为形容词 wooden (木制的)。
⑦more 考查比较级结构。“ ⑦ than travel”构成比较级,且后文“cultural enlightenment”为更高层次体验,填more。
⑧winding 考查词形转换。空处修饰名词roads作定语,应用形容词,表“曲折的,蜿蜒的”,填winding。
⑨wisdom 考查词形转换。空处作介词of的宾语,且Lao Tzu’s后需接名词,故填wise (明智的)的名词形式wisdom (智慧)。
积累
熟词 生僻义 ①tower熟义: n.塔 生僻义: v.高于,超过 ②sample熟义: n.样本,样品 生僻义: vt.尝;品尝;尝试;体验;取样;采样
语块 ①wind one’s way蜿蜒/曲折而行 ②a testament to证明 ③leave an everlasting mark留下久远的影响
Exercise 2
本文介绍了科普书籍的重要性。
①third 考查数词。此处是分数表达,“三分之一”应用a third,分母用序数词,填third。
②inspirational 考查词形转换。空处作宾补,补充说明宾语scientists,表“启发灵感的;鼓舞人心的”。
③existence 考查词形转换。空前是形容词性物主代词,故填名词existence。
④printing 考查词形转换。此处指“印刷机”,用名词作定语,修饰名词press。
⑤forms 考查名词复数。空前是other,故空处用复数形式,填forms。
⑥latest 考查最高级。此处指最新的想法,应用形容词latest “最近的;最新的”。
⑦understandable 考查词形转换。空处作定语修饰名词book,应用形容词,填understandable,表“易懂的;合情理的;正常的;可以理解的”。(共66张PPT)
热点二 名词、形容词、副词和数词
高考命题 新角度3 语法填空非常规命题 ①特殊词形变化、常用词的非常用词性的词形变化、否定前缀的构词法；②名词所有格(2025浙江高考1月和2022新高考Ⅱ卷曾考)和名词作定语(2024新课标Ⅰ卷曾考)、数词的变形(2021新高考Ⅱ卷曾考)。
据句子结构、成分和标志词, 确定空处所填词形式
1.Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ① (strategy) placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired ② (artist) to create oil paintings, sculptures, ③ (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. (2025·全国一卷改编)
strategic/strategical
artists
digitally
①strategic/strategical 根据第一空前的the及空后的名词placement可知，此处应用形容词作定语修饰placement, strategy的形容词形式为strategic或strategical，表“战略性的；战略上的；根据全局而安排的”。strategical的使用频率较低。
②artists artist “艺术家”是可数名词，空前无表“一”的限定词，故用复数形式，填artists。
③digitally 第二空修饰空后的generated，说明图形生成的方式，应用副词作状语，故填digitally。
答案与解析
2.Since June 2017, right before the ① (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda
② (keeper) at the zoo to feel more comfortable and
③ (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English with (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷改编)
arrival
keepers
confident
①arrival 空处作介词before的宾语，且是“the+ +of”结构, 故填名词arrival。
拓展：以-ve结尾的动词在变名词时，一般会将词尾的-e变为-al，如：survive (生存，存活)→survival； remove (移走，去掉)→ removal； approve (赞成，同意)→approval。
②keepers 空处作helping的宾语，应用名词, 由下文的they可推知keeper“饲养员”用复数形式, 故填keepers。
③confident 由空前的并列连词and可知，空处与空前的形容词comfortable并列，同作feel的表语，故填形容词confident。
答案与解析
图解细析学解题
1.Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ① (strategy) placement of the pieces, and the energy flow
following each move inspired ② (artist) to create oil paintings,
sculptures, ③ (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
修饰名词placement，应用形容词作定语
作动词inspired的宾语，应用名词，且是可数名词
修饰非谓语动词generated作状语，应用副词
2.Since June 2017, right before the ① (arrive) of the two new
pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda ② (keeper) at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ③ (confidence)
speaking English. And who do they speak English with
the+______+of，空处用名词
提示与comfortable并列作表语
提示第2空名词的数
考频：名词的构词规律3年5考>名词复数变形3年4考>名词所有格3年0考=数词3年0考
形容词3年3考>副词3年2考>比较级3年1考
①常考的形容词后缀有： -al、 -ful、 -ed、 -(t)ic、 -y、 -ible/-able、
-ous、 -ive。
②常考的名词后缀有： -ion/-ity/-ment/-cy/-ist/-al/-ance/-ence、-age、
-ure、-ness、-dom等； 名词的词形转换类题目不要忘记考虑名词 的数。
③可数名词前无限定词，应用复数，注意可数名词复数形式的常规变形和特殊变形，确保书写正确。
④ 2025全国一卷涉及+后缀-ic将名词变形容词的形式变化。牢固掌握形容词转换为副词的构词规律： 一般直接+-ly, ue去e+-ly (如true→truly), y改i+-ly, le结尾e改y(whole→wholly是例外), ic结尾+-ally (public→publicly是例外), ll结尾+-y (如full→fully)。
考法1
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月
1.“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your‘_________ (guide)’till they lose，”explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. (2025·全国一卷)
根据句意与构词规律确定用名词或名词所有格
guidance 空处作follow的宾语，且由形容词性物主代词your修 饰，空处填guide的名词。guidance “引导”是不可数名词。故填guidance。
答案与解析
guidance
2.The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the ____________ (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air. (2025·全国二卷)
absence 介词短语“thanks to”后需接名词，构成“the+名词+of”结 构，故将形容词absent变为名词absence (缺席，缺乏)，填absence。
答案与解析
absence
3.The latest ____________ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
engineering 句意：使用最新的工程技术创建一个既有保护功能又美观的结构。 此处修饰techniques，表“工程技术”，应填名词engineering作定语。
答案与解析
engineering
4.The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the ____________ (rich) of gardening in England. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)长难句障碍题
richness
richness 句意：玻璃温室是当代设计的一项伟大成就，它将中国西南地区的植物安置在一条小路的尽头，这条小路沿着丝绸之路而建，将这些植物从亚洲的原生地带到了英国，使英国的园艺丰富多彩。 空处作空前介词of的宾语, 空前有定冠词, 空后是介词of, 故空处填名词，形容词rich的名词形式是richness，表“丰富”，故填richness。
答案与解析
长难句分析： design], southwestern part of China) at the end of a path steps the Silk Route] native in Asia) to define much of the (rich) of gardening in England].
5.Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international __________ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
visibility 句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。空处作宾语, 且形容词international后接名词形式，visible的名词形式为visibility“知名度；能见度”，为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。
答案与解析
visibility
6.“I really want to make this work for ____________ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend，”she says.(2025·浙江高考1月)
people’s 空处修饰名词lives，应用名词所有格作定语，故填people’s。
答案与解析
people’s
B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷
7.They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the ____________ (complete) of their journey. (2024·全国甲卷)
completion 句意：他们都同意了，并承诺要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。空处作介词at 的宾语, 冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，表“完成”，不可数，故填completion。
答案与解析
completion
填名词
1.厘关系，看成分
①(限定词+)名词作主语+谓语
②及物动词/介词(短语)+(限定词+) 名词作宾语
③系动词+(限定词+) 名词作表语 (主语是“什么”，说明主语的身份、特征)
④动词+宾语+(限定词+) 名词作宾补
⑤名词作定语(说明被修饰词的材料、用途、目的或来源等)+名词
⑥名词所有格作定语(强调与被修饰词的所属关系或表逻辑上的主谓关系)+名词
2.看空前
空前如有冠词、指示代词、数量词、形容词性物主代词或形容词，空处一般填名词。
考法2
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月
8.Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, where bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and ____________ (center) heating doesn’t exist. (2025·全国二卷)
根据修饰关系确定用形容词与副词
central
central 空处修饰名词heating作定语，应用形容词，此处指“集中供暖” (central heating)，应填center的形容词central。
答案与解析
9.In cold weather, the structure stays ____________ (close) to protect the plants. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
closed 句意：在寒冷的天气里，结构保持关闭，以保护植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，表“紧闭的；关闭的”，用形容词closed。
答案与解析
closed
10.Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, _______ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
tasty 空处与空前的形容词hot并列，修饰空后的名词soup作定语, 表“美味的”，填形容词tasty。
答案与解析
tasty
11.No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is ________ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left wanting more next time. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
rarely 此处enough为形容词，其前应用副词修饰，故填rarely “几乎不”。
答案与解析
rarely
12.So, what are they learning ____________ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
Basically 空处修饰整个句子，作状语，应用副词，空处位于句 首，首字母应大写，故填Basically。
拓展：以-ic结尾的形容词在变副词时，一般会将词尾的-ic变为
-ically，如：academic (学术的)→academically； dramatic (激动人心的，引人注目的)→dramatically； economic (经济的，经济上的)→ economically； scientific (科学的)→scientifically。
答案与解析
Basically
13.The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ____________ (space) homes and walled gardens. (2023·浙江高考1月)
spacious 空处修饰空后的名词homes，作定语，应用形容词，表“宽敞的”，故填spacious。walled adj. “有围墙的”。
答案与解析
spacious
B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷
14.____________ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. (2023·全国甲卷)
Different be different from“与……不同”，是固定短语，空处作状语，说明主语story的特点，应用形容词； 空处位于句首，首字母要大写，故填Different。
答案与解析
Different
15.The ____________ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here. (2023·全国乙卷)
remarkable 空处在句中作定语，修饰名词development，应用形容词, 填remarkable。remarkable “非凡的，卓越的”。
答案与解析
remarkable
16.It’s __________ (peace), especially around sunset.(2025·北京高考)
peaceful is后接形容词作表语, peace的形容词形式是peaceful，意为“宁静的”，故填peaceful。
答案与解析
peaceful
句法功能法定词形——分析句子成分，确定所填词在句中所作成分
填形容词
①系动词+形容词作表语 (除be动词外，常见系动词还有become、
feel、go、grow、look、lie、keep、prove、remain、stand等)
②(限定词+) 形容词作定语+名词/复合不定代词+形容词作定语
③特定动词(believe、consider、make、 find、leave等)+宾语+形容词作宾补
④be found/made/considered/left+形容词作主语补足语
⑤形容词作状语(说明句子主语的状态或心理感受)，+句子
⑥the+形容词，表一类人或事物
填副词
①副词作状语(表程度)+形容词/副词
②副词作状语+动词(短语) /介词短语
③副词作状语(修饰整个句子)，+句子
填谓语/非谓语
谓语/非谓语 (提示词是形容词/名词)：+后缀(-ize/-ise/-fy/-ify/-en)或前缀(en-) →动词形式，如sharpen、ensure等。
填提示词的反义词
据成分分析和句意，提示词词性不变，句意为否定：+否定前缀
(dis-、un-、il-、ab-、ir-、in-、mis-等)或否定后缀-less变为其反义 词。
考法3
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月
17.The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the _________ (hot) the spring! (新高考Ⅰ卷)
据比较对象、修饰语确定比较等级
hotter 此处是固定结构“the+比较级，the+比较级”, 意为“越……，越……”，故填hotter。
答案与解析
hotter
18.Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ____________ (simple) in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. (2023·浙江高考1月)
simpler 空处与空前的smaller相呼应，表示“在设计和装潢方面更简单”，故填simpler。commoner “平民”； laborer “体力劳动者；劳工”。
答案与解析
simpler
19.This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including _________ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. (浙江高考)
lower 由空后的higher和fewer可知，此处表“比较低的收入和教 育”，应用比较级，故填lower。
答案与解析
lower
B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷
20.Yellowstone was the _________ (large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. (2024·全国甲卷)
largest 句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园……空处修饰名词短语United States national park, 表“最大的”, 用形容词最高级largest。
答案与解析
largest
21.When was the last time you took on a tough choice Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly _________ (long).(2025·北京高考)
longer 此处表示“多睡一会儿”，应用比较级longer，表示“更久”。故填longer。
答案与解析
longer
提示词是形容词或副词，根据语境和句意，该词词性、意思不变，则可能填该词的原级、比较级或最高级。
1.利用标志词判断等级
①设空后含有than时，用比较级；含有as时可能用形容词/副词原级。
②设空前有用来修饰比较级的词语much、far、even、rather、any (否定句或疑问句中)、a little、a bit、a great deal及倍数(twice、three times)等用形容词/副词比较级。
③设空后有表示范围的in/of/among短语等，用形容词/副词最高级。
④设空前有one of the, the+序数词, by far the等修饰词，用形容词/副词最高级。
2.利用固定句型判断等级
①the+比较级...，the+比较级...，表“越……，(就)越……”。
②比较级+and+比较级，表“越来越……”。
③“否定词+比较级”结构，表最高级含义。
④倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as。
3.利用隐含信息判断等级
句中虽没有than等标志词，但暗含比较意义，也用比较级。
考法4
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月
22.The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the absence of smog and plenty of blue sky ______________ (afternoon) with lots of fresh air.(2025·全国二卷)
可数名词复数变形
afternoons 根据上下文“plenty of blue sky”和“lots of fresh air”的描述，这里指的是许多个下午的常态，而非特指某一个下午, afternoon “下午”是可数名词，应用复数形式，故填afternoons。
答案与解析
afternoons
23.These plants included modern Western ____________ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
favourites 句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favourite在本句中是可数名词，意为“最喜爱的物”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favourites。
答案与解析
favourites
24.Although they could never have met, there are common ____________ (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
themes 句意：虽然他们永远无法见面，但他们的作品中有一些相似的主题。本句为there be句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词are可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。
答案与解析
themes
25.They also need to be ready to give ____________ (interview) in English with international journalists. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
interviews 分析句子结构可知，空处作动词give的宾语，应用名 词。空前无限定词，且空后是“with international journalists”，故名词interview在此应用作复数，故填interviews。
答案与解析
interviews
26.As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer _________ (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.(2025·浙江高考1月)
times time表“次数”时是可数名词，空前是fewer，故time用复数形式，填times。
答案与解析
times
B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷
27.But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____________ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. (2023·全国乙卷)
wonders
wonders wonder在此表“奇迹，奇观”，是可数名词，在with引导的复合结构中, wonder是逻辑主语，与后面表示历史古建筑的名词复数buildings应保持结构一致，采用名词复数形式，形成对照。故填wonders。
答案与解析
28.To practise this, we need to establish clear ____________ (boundary) in our personal and professional life. (2024·北京高考)
boundaries 句意：为了实践这一点，我们需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。句中boundary是可数名词，表“界限”，根据空后in our personal and professional life可知，此处表不止一个界限，故名词应用复数形式, 故填boundaries。
答案与解析
boundaries
1.利用修饰语确定名词复数
①名词前有one of the、among时，用复数形式。
②名词前有these、those、many、several、(a) few、a number of、hundreds of、a couple of、a dozen of、all、both、other等词时，用复数形式。
③名词前有≥2的基数词，如two、three等时，用复数形式。
④可数名词前无限定词修饰时，用复数形式。
⑤名词前有形容词different、various、countless等时，用复数形式。
2.利用谓语的数确定名词复数
所填名词作主语，且谓语动词是复数形式are、were、have等时，用复数形式。
3.牢记习惯上用复数形式的名词或短语
belongings/possessions“财物”； congratulations“祝贺”； surroundings “环境”； good manners“礼貌”； take pains“努力”； in ruins“成为废 墟”； in high spirits“兴致勃勃”； living conditions“生活条件”； make preparations for“为……做准备”等。
考法5
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月
29.In the ____________ (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. (新高考Ⅱ卷)
数词的变形
seventh 此处表示七年级，应用序数词，故填seventh。
答案与解析
seventh
B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷
30.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the ____________ (six) century B.C. (2023·全国甲卷)
sixth 空前有定冠词the，空后是名词century，故填序数词sixth。
答案与解析
sixth
1.口诀助记基数词变序数词：一、二、三单独记；八去t，九去e, ve常用f替，整十基数变序数，先把y变ie, th最后加上去；如遇其他两位数，十位基数个位序。
2.分数表示法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数，如two thirds三分之二。
3.the+序数词，表“第几”；a(n)+序数词，表“又一，再一”。
4.固定搭配和句式
①second only to ...仅次于……
②“倍数+as many/much/large ... as”，是……的多少倍；倍数+the size/width/length/height ... of ...……的多少倍大/宽/长/高……
细析句子结构，确定句子成分，注意特殊词形变化，准确变化词形
Exercise 1 熟词生僻义 | China Daily
In the lush hills and misty valleys of Guizhou Province lies the Hongyang village, a ① (hide) gem waiting to be discovered by travelers seeking authentic cultural experiences.
As our car wound its way along the serpentine (曲折的) roads, it felt as if I were being guided by a magician, revealing new ② (wonder)
hidden
wonders
at every turn. Deep within the valley, surrounded by towering rocks and forests, I was amazed by its unspoiled beauty.
Under the ③ (guide) of skilled artisans, I learned the intricate art of making fermented rice wine, a time-honored tradition passed down through ④ (generation). Stirring the fermenting ⑤ (mix), I felt a profound connection to the heritage.
Beyond winemaking, Hongyang village offered rich experiences, from wandering through the ancient cobblestone streets lined with
⑥ (wood) houses to sampling the local cuisine.
guidence
generations
mixture
wooden
Every moment was a testament to the village’s enduring charm.
This journey was ⑦ (much) than travel; it was cultural enlightenment and self-discovery. Reflecting on the misty valleys and ⑧ (wind) roads that led me here, I was reminded of Lao Tzu’s ⑨ (wise)： “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” Guizhou left an everlasting mark, inspiring me to explore the world with an open heart and a curious mind.
more
winding
wisdom
贵州红阳村的自然与文化之旅，让作者在体验米酒制作等传统技艺中，实现了文化探索与自我发现。
①hidden 考查词形转换。空处修饰名词gem作定语，表“隐藏 的；隐匿的”，填形容词hidden。
②wonders 考查名词复数。new后需接名词，且wonder (奇观)为可数名词，空前无表“一”的限定词，故用复数形式泛指一类事 物，填wonders。
③guidance 考查词形转换。 此处是固定短语under the guidance of “在……指导下”，填名词guidance。
答案与解析
④generations 考查名词复数。“passed down through generations”
(代代相传)为固定表达，故此处用复数 generations。
⑤mixture 考查词形转换。空处作stirring的宾语，应用名词，此处指米浆，应填mix的名词形式mixture。
⑥wooden 考查词形转换。空处修饰名词houses，表示材质，应将名词wood转化为形容词 wooden (木制的)。
⑦more 考查比较级结构。“ ⑦ than travel”构成比较级，且后文“cultural enlightenment”为更高层次体验，填more。
答案与解析
⑧winding 考查词形转换。空处修饰名词roads作定语，应用形容词，表“曲折的，蜿蜒的”，填winding。
⑨wisdom 考查词形转换。空处作介词of的宾语，且Lao Tzu’s后需接名词，故填wise (明智的)的名词形式wisdom (智慧)。
答案与解析
积累
熟词 生僻义 ①tower熟义： n.塔 生僻义： v.高于，超过
②sample熟义： n.样本，样品 生僻义： vt.尝；品尝；尝试；体验；取样；采样
语块 ①wind one’s way蜿蜒/曲折而行
②a testament to证明
③leave an everlasting mark留下久远的影响
Exercise 2 非常规考法 | The Financial Times
It saddens me that our culture now views science as difficult, which discourages many from taking an interest in it. A survey recently suggested that only around a ① (three) of 14- to 18-year-olds find scientists
② (inspiration) or consider the subject relevant to their lives.
In fact, science is woven through every aspect of our
③ (exist) and people from all walks of life and of all ages should be able to access it easily. The invention of the ④ (print) press was crucial to the Enlightenment (启蒙运动) because it democratised
third
inspirational
existence
printing
knowledge. So, in this increasingly science-centred world, the same attention should be given to popular science writing as is given to other ⑤ (form) of literature.
Good science writing plays a fundamental part in increasing access to the discipline. The ⑥ (late) thinking on problems that people really care about—be they climate change, pollution or health—should be discussed in cafés and pubs across the land. And often an
⑦ (understand) book is what helps this to happen.
本文介绍了科普书籍的重要性。
forms
latest
understandable
①third 考查数词。此处是分数表达，“三分之一”应用a third，分母用序数词，填third。
②inspirational 考查词形转换。空处作宾补，补充说明宾语scientists，表“启发灵感的；鼓舞人心的”。
③existence 考查词形转换。空前是形容词性物主代词，故填名词existence。
④printing 考查词形转换。此处指“印刷机”，用名词作定语，修饰名词press。
答案与解析
⑤forms 考查名词复数。空前是other，故空处用复数形式，填forms。
⑥latest 考查最高级。此处指最新的想法，应用形容词latest “最近的；最新的”。
⑦understandable 考查词形转换。空处作定语修饰名词book，应用形容词，填understandable，表“易懂的；合情理的；正常的；可以理解的”。
答案与解析
