第2讲 非谓语动词
高考命题新角度2 语法填空非常规命题 ①固定结构中的非谓语动词形式(2025全国一卷、2024新课标Ⅱ卷曾考);②非谓语动词的时态和语态(2023新课标Ⅰ卷曾考);③非谓语动词作主语补足语(2023新课标Ⅰ卷曾考)、宾语补足语和前置定语(2023新课标Ⅰ卷曾考)。
会析句·善解题
分析句子成分,如已有谓语,用非谓语,主动用doing,被动用done,表目的用to do
1.Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines ① (dry) clothing, denying me the chance ② (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after ③ (sun) clothes for an entire day.(2025·全国二卷改编)
2. Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ① (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. The meat should be fresh with a touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left ② (want) more next time. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
分析句子成分,如已有谓语,用非谓语, 分析逻辑关系, 注意固定结构
状语
1., never (dry) clothing], [denying one of the great wonders of sunshine)]— (sun) clothes for an entire day].
2. Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ① (lift) out of the
steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. The meat should be fresh with a touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left ② (want) more next time.
考频:动词不定式3年6考>动词-ing3年4考>动词-ed3年3考
①2025全国一卷对非谓语动词的考查仅有1题,且很简单。2023新课标Ⅰ卷对非谓语动词的考查有4题,且涉及对非谓语动词语态的考查和非谓语动词作主语补足语的非常规考法。
②非谓语动词作状语是考查频次最高的非谓语考点, 注意区分非谓语动词作前置定语的正确形式。
③对非谓语动词作宾语和主语的考查相对简单,要牢记相关固定用法和“it作形式主语, 非谓语动词作真正的主语”的句式。
④牢记“疑问词+不定式”和“主语+be+adj.+to do”等固定结构中的非谓语动词形式。
热考法·巧应对
考法1 非谓语动词作状语和补语——理清逻辑关系
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 1.The design features ten steel“sepals (萼片)”made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days ____________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) 2.Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________ (find) the connection between the two great writers. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 3.____________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said,“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.”(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 长难句障碍题 4.Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ____________ (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.(2025·浙江高考1月) B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷 5.“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,”her fable begins, ____________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. (2023·全国甲卷) 6.When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ____________ (scare).(2025·北京高考) 7.Just then, some kids ran at him, ____________ (knock) his books out of his arms.(2024·北京高考) 8.He had come a long way ____________ (watch) over his kingdom, ________________ (assume) the throne (王权) at a young age.(2023·上海高考) 1.句意→逻辑→先后确定状语形式 目的状语:to do 结果状语 ①too+adj./adv.+ to do; adj./adv.+enough +to do; so +adj./adv.+as to do,不定式作结果状语。 原因状语:与逻辑主语为主动关系用doing;表被动用done ②主语+be+形容词(easy、hard、interesting、pleasant、safe等)+to do,不定式与句子主语是逻辑上的动宾关系。 ③主语+be+表情绪的形容词(excited、happy、anxious、satisfied、delighted、angry等)+to do (主动)/to be done (被动)。 时间、伴随、
方式、条件、
让步状语等 2.固定搭配和句型法确定非谓语动词作补语 ①to do作宾/主补:allow、ask、beg、command、encourage、expect、forbid、invite、 persuade、tell等+宾语+to do或be+done(如allowed)+to do。 ②find/catch/keep/leave+宾语+宾补 ③感官动词+宾语+宾补 五看(see、watch、notice、observe、look at),两听(hear、listen to),一感觉(feel) ④使役动词后作补语的非谓语动词形式 make+宾语+ let+宾语+ get+宾语+ have+宾语+ couldn’t/wouldn’t/won’t have+宾语+doing 不允许……做 ⑤with (此结构有时考查
without)+名词/代词+宾补
考法2 非谓语动词作定语——关系分析法
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 9.If you’ve never experienced the“sunshine scent”from a sheet or shirt ____________ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. (2025·全国二卷) 10.Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 11.Shanghai may be the ____________ (recognize) home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 长难句障碍题 12.They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ____________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) 长难句障碍题 B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷 13.Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ____________ (intend) for everyone. (2023·全国甲卷) 14.From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ____________ (build) system of ring roads. (2023·全国乙卷) 长难句障碍题 1.逻辑关系解题法——doing/being done/to do/to be done/done ①表被修饰词的用途→doing。如sleeping train。 ②被修饰词与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系→表将来:to do;表主动、进行:doing。 ③提示词与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系→表被动、完成:done;表被动、将来:to be done;表被动、正在进行:being done。 2.提示词解题法——to do ①the first/second等序数词, the last/only/next/right/形容词最高级(+名词)+to do,主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系。 ②名词:plan、promise、wish、intention、hope、failure、attempt、way等+to do。 ③名词:ability、anxiety、eagerness、determination、patience、willingness、courage等+to do。 ④名词:chance、opportunity、power、strength、 struggle、right、idea、measure、effort等+to do。 3.固定句型法 have sth. to do“有某事要做”,句子主语与所给提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系。
考法3 非谓语动词作宾语——句型公式法
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 15.We hope ____________ (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism. (2025·全国一卷) 16.To eat one, you have to decide whether ____________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 长难句障碍题 17.“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean ____________ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,”she says.(2025·浙江高考1月) B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷 18.Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ____________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. (2024·全国甲卷) 19.As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ____________ (record) everything I discovered. (2023·全国乙卷) 20.After ____________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! (全国甲卷) 提示词是动词:①若句中已有谓语,且设空处不是作并列谓语而是作介词或动词(短语)的宾语时,应用非谓语动词doing/to do;②利用逻辑主语和非谓语动词的关系确定形式(主谓关系:doing/to do;动宾关系:being done/to be done)。 牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构 ①介词(如by、for、of、with、without、after等)之后加doing,注意to的身份识别。主动:doing;被动:being done。 ②如下动词(短语)后+to do: agree、afford、choose、decide、expect、fail、hope、manage、offer、pretend、plan、promise、refuse、 want、wish、would like、determine等。 ③如下动词(短语)后+doing: avoid、admit、allow、advise、consider、escape、enjoy、deny、include、mind、miss、practice、recommend、suggest、feel like、get down to、look forward to等。 ④go on、mean、forget、regret、remember、stop、 try+doing/to do,应结合语境和动词(短语)用法确定填何种形式。 ⑤believe、consider、find、feel、make、think+it+ adj.+to do sth., it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式。 ⑥sth. want/need/require/deserve+doing/to be done,动名词作宾语,主动形式表被动。
考法4 非谓语动词作主语和表语——成分分析法
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 21.These days, it is not unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders ____________ (begin) computer classes. (新高考Ⅱ卷) B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷 22.They would remain ____________ (seat) for hours, listening to his wise words and learning from his judgments.(2023·上海高考) 23.But it is usually possible ____________ (include) young people in the same age group who have left school but have not yet started work. (2023·上海高考) 24.On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ____________ (get) there. (全国卷Ⅲ) vt.低下头 25.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel ____________ (challenge). (全国卷Ⅲ) 1.非谓语动词作主语 ①作主语:表抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作:doing (主动)/being done (被动),表具体某一次的动作:to do。 ②牢记常考句型: a.It’s +adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(+for/of sb.)+to do sth. b.It’s no use/no good/fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth. c.It takes sb.+ some time/money +to do sth. d.It’s worthwhile doing/to do sth. 2.非谓语动词作表语 设空前是系动词(be、get、feel、seem等)时,根据句子结构确定用不定式或分词作表语。 ※形容词化的分词:-ed型形容词表“感到……”或“已经……”,如encouraged、retired; -ing型形容词表“令人……的”或“正在……的”,如encouraging、developing。
细析句子结构,辨清谓语与非谓语,牢记易错动词形式变化
Exercise 1 非谓语+谓语 | Global Times
Known as an extra lung for Londoners, the London Wetland Centre is an urban ecological paradise ① (transform) from industrial wasteland. ② (construct) on former Thames Water reservoirs, it now hosts over 200 bird species, demonstrating urban-nature harmony.
Similarly, Xizang’s unique geographical environment fosters distinct biological communities, ③ (house) many rare species. ④ (protect) the plateau’s wildlife, Xizang established a national park-centered reserve system.
The black-necked crane, China’s first-class protected species and the world’s only high-altitude crane, not only symbolizes auspiciousness (吉祥) and beauty but also ⑤ (serve) as a vital link in the ecological chain, ⑥ (reflect) the condition of high-altitude wetlands through their survival and migration patterns. Recent ecological construction projects have increased the population of black-necked crane beyond 10,000.
Whether on China’s plateau or in Britain’s cities, human-nature coexistence remains a shared aspiration (渴望).
①________________ ②________________ ③________________ ④________________ ⑤________________ ⑥________________
Exercise 2 长难句障碍题+谓语/非谓语 | The Guardian
The restoration of much of Britain’s vast canal network has been a notable and uplifting success story. Originally ① (save) in the 1960s from closures by Labour’s transport secretary, Barbara Castle, —a boat enthusiast who regularly travelled on the Rochdale Canal, many of these formerly ② (work) and polluted waterways have become modern urban oases.
Otters, kingfishers and dragonflies can ③ (glimpse) along the 100 miles or so of Birmingham’s canals. In Manchester, barge (驳船) users and walkers can trace the origins of the Industrial Revolution along intersecting routes that crisscross the city. Over the past decades, canal-side regeneration ④ (transform) urban landscapes, partly enabled by the thousands of unpaid volunteers who rescued abandoned channels and paved the way for Castle’s vision of “leisure ways” ⑤ (become) a reality.
Environmentally rich, historically fascinating and a source of human wellbeing, thriving canals should be a treasured feature of our greener future. The government, however, appears ⑥ (have) other ideas.
①________________ ②________________ ③________________ ④________________ ⑤________________ ⑥________________
第2讲
会析句·善解题
1.①to dry 根据use ... to do ... “用……做……”用法可知,此处用不定式作目的状语,填to dry。
②to discover 本句已有谓语used,此处应用非谓语动词,名词the chance后用不定式作后置定语, the chance to do sth.表“做某事的机会”,故此处填to discover。
③sunning sun在此处为动词,意为“晒太阳”,空处作介词after的宾语,故填动名词sunning。
2.①to be lifted 根据allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知,空处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语,lift out与宾语them(指代xiao long bao)是逻辑上的动宾关系,空处需填动词不定式的被动式,构成allow sth. to be done结构,意为“允许某事被做”,故填to be lifted。
②wanting 句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是下次还想再吃。分析句子可知,此处是“leave sb.+doing/done”的非常规考法:sb. be left+doing/done, doing/done作主语补足语。 I与want之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,用现在分词wanting作主语补足语,故填wanting。
热考法·巧应对
1.to give 句意:这些萼片在温暖的日子里开放,为内部植物提供阳光和新鲜空气。此处作目的状语,应用动词不定式。故填to give。
2.to find 此处为“be amazed to do”结构,表示“对发现……感到惊讶”不定式作原因状语,故填to find。
3.Recalling 句意:埃德蒙森回忆说,他曾在上海观看过中文版的莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》,并遇到几年前来到斯特拉特福表演《牡丹亭》片段的中国演员。空处为非谓语, Edmondson和recall之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词形式作状语。空处位于句首,首字母应大写, 故填Recalling。
4.to rent 句意:坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装的出租服务,而不是直接购买,目的是为一次性活动着装需求提供一个更经济的方案。 此处表目的,应用不定式to rent作目的状语,故填to rent。
5.borrowing 句意:她的寓言借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词,这样开头:“从前,在美国的中心有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境和平共存”。句中已有谓语动词begins,故空处用非谓语动词。her fable与borrow之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,用现在分词作状语,故填borrowing。
6.scared have sb. done表 “使某人被……”, scare “使害怕;使恐惧”与someone之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作宾语补足语,故填scared。
7.knocking 句中已有谓语ran,空处作非谓语动词, some kids与knock之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词形式作状语。故填knocking。
8.to watch; assuming 句意:为了守护王国,他走过了漫长的道路,年纪轻轻就登上了王位。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语had come,第一空和第二空均为非谓语。再根据句意可知,第一空处表目的,应用不定式作目的状语,故填to watch;第二空前有逗号,此处为非谓语, He与assume “取得(权力)”是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语,表示伴随。故填assuming。
9.left 本句已有谓语have experienced,空处应用非谓语动词,leave与其逻辑主语“a sheet or shirt”之间是动宾关系(衣服是被晾晒的),应用过去分词作后置定语。此处指“被晾晒了一天的床单或衬衫”,强调动作的完成和被动。故填left。
10.inspired 句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。本句已有谓语, 故空处为非谓语, 动词inspire与被修饰词a six-meter-tall pavilion之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词形式作后置定语,故填inspired。
11.recognized 此处表示“公认的小笼包的发源地”。空处在句中作定语,修饰名词home,且与home之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故填过去分词recognized。
12.visiting 句意:他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈,这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知,空后是名词,空处应作定语;Chinese zookeepers与visit是逻辑上的主谓关系, 用现在分词形式作定语,故填visiting,表“来访的”。
长难句分析: to Chinese zookeepers check on the pandas), from China).
13.intended 空处所在句为倒装句,该句主语是message, be intended for “打算为……所用”,在句中作定语,应用过去分词形式,故填intended。
14.built 句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿,它是3 000多年辉煌历史的家园,即使是在它的布局上,这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。本句已有谓语,空处用非谓语动词,build和被修饰词system of ring roads为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作定语,表“精心建造的……”,故填built。
长难句分析: narrow hutong to royal palaces, to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, carefully (build) system of ring roads].
15.to present hope to do sth. “希望做某事”,根据该固定用法可知,空处用动词present “呈现”的不定式作宾语,故填to present。
16.to bite 句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆开。 此处是“whether+不定式”结构作decide的宾语, 且空处与下文的to put是并列关系,故填to bite。
17.returning 句意:我知道这并不总是意味着在某个特别的周末过后的周一归还衣服。根据句意,此处表“意味着……”,用固定搭配mean doing sth.,意为“意味着做某事”,空处用动名词作宾语,填returning。
18.to catch 句意:国家公园特别吸引我们的注意,因为它们的面积大,种类多。 tend to do sth.,表“倾向于做某事”,不定式作宾语,故填to catch。
19.recording 根据spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”的用法可知,此处用动名词形式作宾语,故填recording。
20.spending 设空处作介词After的宾语,且主语we与spend为逻辑上的主谓关系,故填spending。
21.to begin 句意:如今,10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站,二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课,这些都很常见。此处是“It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.”句式,it为形式主语,真正的主语为不定式,故填to begin。
22.seated 分析句子结构可知,这里需要填入一个形容词或动词的过去分词作表语,“remain+过去分词”表示“某人或某事物仍保持某种状态”,而seated是 seat的过去分词转化而来的形容词,意为“坐着的”。故填seated。
23.to include 句意:但通常可以将同一年龄段的年轻人包括在内,他们已经离开学校,但尚未开始工作。此处是“it be+adj.+to do”, 不定式作真正的主语, 填to include。
24.to get It takes/took (sb.) some time to do sth. 为固定句式,意为“花费(某人)多长时间做某事”,该句式中it为形式主语,后面的不定式(短语)为真正的主语。设空处应用动词不定式形式,故填to get。
25.challenged 设空在句中作表语,表“受到挑战的”,故用过去分词作表语。
错解分析 易误填challenging,但是challenging “富有挑战性的”,表某物或某事具有的性质和特征,不符合语境。
外刊原味小练
Exercise 1
通过对比伦敦湿地中心与西藏生态保护案例,展现不同地域下人与自然和谐共生的共同追求。
①transformed 考查过去分词作后置定语。transform与paradise为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作定语,故填transformed。
②Constructed 考查过去分词作状语。 construct与it(指代湿地中心)为逻辑上的动宾关系,且动作已完成,位于句首,首字母大写,填Constructed。
③housing 考查现在分词作状语。“biological communities”与动词 house (容纳) 为逻辑上的主谓关系(生物群落主动容纳物种),表伴随状态,填housing。
④To protect 考查不定式作目的状语。空后为完整句“Xizang established ...”,前面需表目的的短语(为了保护高原野生动物),填To protect。
⑤serves 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语“The black-necked crane” 为单数,谓语用第三人称单数,故填serves。
⑥reflecting 考查现在分词作状语。逗号后无连接词(and、 but、 which等),应用非谓语动词作状语。reflect的逻辑主语是“它作为生态链中重要环节”,意思是“它作为生态链中重要环节反映出高海拔湿地状况”,应用现在分词,填reflecting。
Exercise 2
英国大量运河的修复是令人振奋的成功故事, 曾经被污染的水道已经变成了现代城市中的一片绿洲。
①saved 考查过去分词作状语。本句已有谓语have become, 故空处为非谓语,save与waterways是逻辑上的动宾关系, 故用过去分词作状语, 填saved。
②working 考查现在分词作定语。空处作定语,修饰名词waterways, waterways与work“运行”是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作定语, 填working。
长难句分析:[Originally in the 1960s from closures by Labour’s transport secretary], Castle, [on the Canal]), formerly .
③be glimpsed 考查动词语态。主语Otters, kingfishers and dragonflies与glimpse是被动关系, 故此处用被动语态, 空前已有情态动词can, 故填be glimpsed。
④has transformed 考查动词时态。空处作谓语, 句中时间状语是 Over the past decades, 故用现在完成时, 故填has transformed。
长难句分析:Over the past decades, (transform) , {partly unpaid volunteers and for vision (of ways”) a reality]}.
⑤to become 考查不定式作状语。who引导的定语从句已有谓语, 空处为非谓语。根据语境“拯救了废弃的渠道,为Castle的‘休闲方式’愿景成为现实铺平了道路”,此处表目的,应用不定式作状语, 填to become。
⑥to have 考查不定式作表语。根据appear to do sth. “似乎要做某事”, 故填to have。
积累
重点词 ①intersect v.相交;交叉;横穿;贯穿;横断 ②crisscross [ kr s kr s] v. (在……内)纵横交错,交叉;贯穿 ③treasured adj.珍贵的 ④uplifting adj.令人振奋的;鼓舞人心的;催人奋进的
派生词 (note+-able) notable adj.值得注意的;显著的;重要的
语块 pave the way for为……铺平道路(共70张PPT)
第2讲 非谓语动词
高考命题新角度2 语法填空非常规命题 ①固定结构中的非谓语动词形式(2025全国一卷、2024新课标Ⅱ卷曾考)；②非谓语动词的时态和语态(2023新课标Ⅰ卷曾考)；③非谓语动词作主语补足语(2023新课标Ⅰ卷曾考)、宾语补足语和前置定语(2023新课标Ⅰ卷曾考)。
分析句子成分，如已有谓语，用非谓语，主动用doing，被动用
done，表目的用to do
1.Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines
① (dry) clothing, denying me the chance ② (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after
③ (sun) clothes for an entire day.(2025·全国二卷改编)
to dry
to discover
sunning
①to dry 根据use ... to do ... “用……做……”用法可知，此处用不定式作目的状语，填to dry。
②to discover 本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词，名词the chance后用不定式作后置定语, the chance to do sth.表“做某事的机会”，故此处填to discover。
③sunning sun在此处为动词，意为“晒太阳”，空处作介词after的宾语，故填动名词sunning。
答案与解析
2. Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ① (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. The meat should be fresh with a touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left ② (want) more next time. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
to be lifted
wanting
①to be lifted 根据allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语，lift out与宾语them(指代xiao long bao)是逻辑上的动宾关系，空处需填动词不定式的被动式，构成allow sth. to be done结构，意为“允许某事被做”，故填to be lifted。
答案与解析
②wanting 句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是下次还想再吃。分析句子可知，此处是“leave sb.+doing/done”的非常规考法：sb. be left+doing/done, doing/done作主语补足语。 I与want之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词wanting作主语补足语，故填wanting。
答案与解析
分析句子成分，如已有谓语, 用非谓语, 分析逻辑关系, 注意固定结构
1. never (dry) clothing], [denying one of the great wonders of sunshine)]— (sun) clothes for an entire day].
2. Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin,
allowing them ① (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing
or spilling any of their contents. The meat should be fresh with a touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is
rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left
② (want) more next time.
考频：动词不定式3年6考>动词-ing3年4考>动词-ed3年3考
①2025全国一卷对非谓语动词的考查仅有1题，且很简单。2023新课标Ⅰ卷对非谓语动词的考查有4题，且涉及对非谓语动词语态的考查和非谓语动词作主语补足语的非常规考法。
②非谓语动词作状语是考查频次最高的非谓语考点, 注意区分非谓语动词作前置定语的正确形式。
③对非谓语动词作宾语和主语的考查相对简单，要牢记相关固定用法和“it作形式主语, 非谓语动词作真正的主语”的句式。
④牢记“疑问词+不定式”和“主语+be+adj.+to do”等固定结构中的非谓语动词形式。
考法1
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月
1.The design features ten steel“sepals (萼片)”made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days ____________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
非谓语动词作状语和补语——理清逻辑关系
to give 句意：这些萼片在温暖的日子里开放，为内部植物提供阳光和新鲜空气。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to give。
答案与解析
to give
2.Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________ (find) the connection between the two great writers. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
to find 此处为“be amazed to do”结构，表示“对发现……感到惊讶”不定式作原因状语，故填to find。
答案与解析
to find
3.____________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said，“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.”(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 长难句障碍题
Recalling
Recalling 句意：埃德蒙森回忆说，他曾在上海观看过中文版的莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》，并遇到几年前来到斯特拉特福表演《牡丹亭》片段的中国演员。空处为非谓语, Edmondson和recall之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。空处位于句首，首字母应大写, 故填Recalling。
答案与解析
4.Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ____________ (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.(2025·浙江高考1月)
to rent 句意：坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装的出租服务，而不是直接购买，目的是为一次性活动着装需求提供一个更经济的方 案。 此处表目的，应用不定式to rent作目的状语，故填to rent。
答案与解析
to rent
B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷
5.“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，”her fable begins, ____________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. (2023·全国甲卷)
borrowing
borrowing 句意：她的寓言借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词，这样开头：“从前，在美国的中心有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境和平共存”。句中已有谓语动词begins，故空处用非谓语动词。her fable与borrow之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词作状语，故填borrowing。
答案与解析
6.When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ________ (scare).(2025·北京高考)
scared have sb. done表 “使某人被……”, scare “使害怕；使恐惧”与someone之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语，故填scared。
答案与解析
scared
7.Just then, some kids ran at him, ____________ (knock) his books out of his arms.(2024·北京高考)
knocking 句中已有谓语ran，空处作非谓语动词, some kids与knock之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填knocking。
答案与解析
knocking
8.He had come a long way ____________ (watch) over his kingdom, _________ (assume) the throne (王权) at a young age.(2023·上海高考)
to watch； assuming 句意：为了守护王国，他走过了漫长的道 路，年纪轻轻就登上了王位。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语had come，第一空和第二空均为非谓语。再根据句意可知，第一 空处表目的，应用不定式作目的状语，故填to watch；第二空前有逗号，此处为非谓语, He与assume “取得(权力)”是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，表示伴随。故填assuming。
答案与解析
to watch
assuming
1.句意→逻辑→先后确定状语形式
目的状语：to do
结果状语
①too+adj./adv.+ to do; adj./adv.+enough +to do; so +adj./adv.+as to do, 不定式作结果状语。
原因状语：与逻辑主语为主动关系用doing；表被动用done
②主语+be+形容词(easy、hard、interesting、pleasant、safe等)+to
do，不定式与句子主语是逻辑上的动宾关系。
③主语+be+表情绪的形容词(excited、happy、anxious、satisfied、delighted、angry等)+to do (主动)/to be done (被动)。
时间、伴随、方式、条件、让步状语等
2.固定搭配和句型法确定非谓语动词作补语
①to do作宾/主补：allow、ask、beg、command、encourage、
expect、forbid、invite、 persuade、tell等+宾语+to do或be+done(如allowed)+to do。
②find/catch/keep/leave+宾语+宾补
五看(see、watch、notice、observe、look at)，两听(hear、listen to)，一感觉(feel)
③感官动词+宾语+宾补
④使役动词后作补语的非谓语动词形式
考法2
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月
9.If you’ve never experienced the“sunshine scent”from a sheet or shirt ______ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. (2025·全国二卷)
非谓语动词作定语——关系分析法
left 本句已有谓语have experienced，空处应用非谓语动词，leave与其逻辑主语“a sheet or shirt”之间是动宾关系(衣服是被晾晒的)，应用过去分词作后置定语。此处指“被晾晒了一天的床单或衬衫”，强调动作的完成和被动。故填left。
答案与解析
left
10.Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
inspired 句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成， 该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。本句已有谓语, 故空处为非谓语, 动词inspire与被修饰词a six-meter-tall pavilion之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式作后置定语，故填inspired。
答案与解析
inspired
11.Shanghai may be the ______________ (recognize) home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 长难句障碍题
recognized 此处表示“公认的小笼包的发源地”。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词home，且与home之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词recognized。
答案与解析
recognized
12.They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ____________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) 长难句障碍题
visiting 句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物 园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，空处应作定语；Chinese zookeepers与visit是逻辑上的主谓关系, 用现在分词形式作定语，故填visiting，表“来访的”。
答案与解析
visiting
长难句分析： to check on the pandas), from China).
B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷
13.Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ____________ (intend) for everyone. (2023·全国甲卷)
intended 空处所在句为倒装句，该句主语是message, be intended for “打算为……所用”，在句中作定语，应用过去分词形式，故填intended。
答案与解析
intended
14.From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ________ (build) system of ring roads. (2023·全国乙卷) 长难句障碍题
built
built 句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它是3 000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。本句已有谓语，空处用非谓语动词，build和被修饰词system of ring roads为逻辑上的动宾关 系，故用过去分词作定语，表“精心建造的……”，故填built。
答案与解析
长难句分析： narrow hutong to royal palaces, to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, carefully (build) system of ring roads].
1.逻辑关系解题法——doing/being done/to do/to be done/done
①表被修饰词的用途→doing。如sleeping train。
②被修饰词与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系→表将来：to do；表主 动、进行：doing。
③提示词与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系→表被动、完成：done；表被动、将来：to be done；表被动、正在进行：being done。
2.提示词解题法——to do
①the first/second等序数词, the last/only/next/right/形容词最高级(+名 词)+to do，主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系。
②名词：plan、promise、wish、intention、hope、failure、attempt、way等+to do。
③名词：ability、anxiety、eagerness、determination、patience、willingness、courage等+to do。
④名词：chance、opportunity、power、strength、 struggle、right、idea、measure、effort等+to do。
3.固定句型法
have sth. to do“有某事要做”，句子主语与所给提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系。
考法3
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月
15.We hope ____________ (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism. (2025·全国一卷)
非谓语动词作宾语——句型公式法
to present hope to do sth. “希望做某事”，根据该固定用法可知，空处用动词present “呈现”的不定式作宾语，故填to present。
答案与解析
to present
16.To eat one, you have to decide whether ________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 长难句障碍题
to bite 句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆开。 此处是“whether+不定式”结构作decide的宾语, 且空处与下文的to put是并列关系，故填to bite。
答案与解析
to bite
17.“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean ____________ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend，”she says.(2025·浙江高考1月)
returning 句意：我知道这并不总是意味着在某个特别的周末过后的周一归还衣服。根据句意，此处表“意味着……”，用固定搭配mean doing sth.，意为“意味着做某事”，空处用动名词作宾语，填returning。
答案与解析
returning
B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷
18.Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ____________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. (2024·全国甲卷)
to catch 句意：国家公园特别吸引我们的注意，因为它们的面积大，种类多。 tend to do sth.，表“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。
答案与解析
to catch
19.As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ____________ (record) everything I discovered. (2023·全国乙卷)
recording 根据spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”的用法可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填recording。
答案与解析
recording
20.After ____________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! (全国甲卷)
spending 设空处作介词After的宾语，且主语we与spend为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填spending。
答案与解析
spending
提示词是动词：①若句中已有谓语，且设空处不是作并列谓语而是作介词或动词(短语)的宾语时，应用非谓语动词doing/to do；②利用逻辑主语和非谓语动词的关系确定形式(主谓关系：doing/to do；动宾关系：being done/to be done)。
牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构
①介词(如by、for、of、with、without、after等)之后加doing，注意to的身份识别。主动：doing；被动：being done。
②如下动词(短语)后+to do： agree、afford、choose、decide、
expect、fail、hope、manage、offer、pretend、plan、promise、
refuse、 want、wish、would like、determine等。
③如下动词(短语)后+doing： avoid、admit、allow、advise、
consider、escape、enjoy、deny、include、mind、miss、practice、recommend、suggest、feel like、get down to、look forward to等。
④go on、mean、forget、regret、remember、stop、 try+doing/to do，应结合语境和动词(短语)用法确定填何种形式。
⑤believe、consider、find、feel、make、think+it+ adj.+to do sth., it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。
⑥sth. want/need/require/deserve+doing/to be done，动名词作宾语，主动形式表被动。
考法4
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月
21.These days, it is not unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders ____________ (begin) computer classes. (新高考Ⅱ卷)
非谓语动词作主语和表语——成分分析法
to begin 句意：如今，10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站，二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课，这些都很常见。此处是“It is+ adj.+for sb. to do sth.”句式，it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式，故填to begin。
答案与解析
to begin
B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷
22.They would remain ____________ (seat) for hours, listening to his wise words and learning from his judgments.(2023·上海高考)
seated 分析句子结构可知，这里需要填入一个形容词或动词的过去分词作表语，“remain+过去分词”表示“某人或某事物仍保持某种状态”，而seated是 seat的过去分词转化而来的形容词，意为“坐着的”。故填seated。
答案与解析
seated
23.But it is usually possible ____________ (include) young people in the same age group who have left school but have not yet started work. (2023·上海高考)
to include 句意：但通常可以将同一年龄段的年轻人包括在内，他们已经离开学校，但尚未开始工作。此处是“it be+adj.+to do”, 不定式作真正的主语, 填to include。
答案与解析
to include
24.On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ____________ (get) there. (全国卷Ⅲ)
to get It takes/took (sb.) some time to do sth. 为固定句式，意为“花费(某人)多长时间做某事”，该句式中it为形式主语，后面的不定式(短语)为真正的主语。设空处应用动词不定式形式，故填to get。
答案与解析
to get
25.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel ____________ (challenge). (全国卷Ⅲ)
challenged 设空在句中作表语，表“受到挑战的”，故用过去分词作表语。
错解分析 易误填challenging，但是challenging “富有挑战性的”，表某物或某事具有的性质和特征，不符合语境。
答案与解析
challenged
1.非谓语动词作主语
①作主语：表抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作：doing (主动)/being done (被动)，表具体某一次的动作：to do。
②牢记常考句型：
a.It’s +adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.
b.It’s no use/no good/fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth.
c.It takes sb.+ some time/money +to do sth.
d.It’s worthwhile doing/to do sth.
2.非谓语动词作表语
设空前是系动词(be、get、feel、seem等)时，根据句子结构确定用不定式或分词作表语。
※形容词化的分词：-ed型形容词表“感到……”或“已经……”，如encouraged、retired； -ing型形容词表“令人……的”或“正在……的”，如encouraging、developing。
细析句子结构，辨清谓语与非谓语，牢记易错动词形式变化
Exercise 1 非谓语+谓语 | Global Times
Known as an extra lung for Londoners, the London Wetland Centre is an urban ecological paradise ① (transform) from industrial wasteland. ② (construct) on former Thames Water reservoirs, it now hosts over 200 bird species, demonstrating urban-nature harmony.
transformed
Constructed
Similarly, Xizang’s unique geographical environment fosters distinct biological communities, ③ (house) many rare species. ④ (protect) the plateau’s wildlife, Xizang established a national park-centered reserve system.
The black-necked crane, China’s first-class protected species and the world’s only high-altitude crane, not only symbolizes auspiciousness (吉祥) and beauty but also ⑤ (serve) as a vital link in the ecological chain, ⑥ (reflect) the condition of high-altitude
housing
to protect
serves
reflecting
wetlands through their survival and migration patterns. Recent ecological construction projects have increased the population of black-necked crane beyond 10，000.
Whether on China’s plateau or in Britain’s cities, human-nature coexistence remains a shared aspiration (渴望).
通过对比伦敦湿地中心与西藏生态保护案例，展现不同地域下人与自然和谐共生的共同追求。
①transformed 考查过去分词作后置定语。transform与paradise为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语，故填transformed。
②Constructed 考查过去分词作状语。 construct与it(指代湿地中 心)为逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，位于句首，首字母大 写，填Constructed。
③housing 考查现在分词作状语。“biological communities”与动词 house (容纳) 为逻辑上的主谓关系(生物群落主动容纳物种)，表伴随状态，填housing。
答案与解析
④To protect 考查不定式作目的状语。空后为完整句“Xizang established ...”，前面需表目的的短语(为了保护高原野生动物)，填To protect。
⑤serves 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语“The black-necked crane” 为单数，谓语用第三人称单数，故填serves。
答案与解析
⑥reflecting 考查现在分词作状语。逗号后无连接词(and、 but、 which等)，应用非谓语动词作状语。reflect的逻辑主语是“它作为生态链中重要环节”，意思是“它作为生态链中重要环节反映出高海拔湿地状况”，应用现在分词，填reflecting。
答案与解析
Exercise 2 长难句障碍题+谓语/非谓语 | The Guardian
The restoration of much of Britain’s vast canal network has been a notable and uplifting success story. Originally ① (save) in the 1960s from closures by Labour’s transport secretary, Barbara Castle, —a boat enthusiast who regularly travelled on the Rochdale Canal, many of these formerly ② (work) and polluted waterways have become modern urban oases.
saved
working
Otters, kingfishers and dragonflies can ③ (glimpse) along the 100 miles or so of Birmingham’s canals. In Manchester, barge (驳船) users and walkers can trace the origins of the Industrial Revolution along intersecting routes that crisscross the city. Over the past decades, canal-side regeneration ④ (transform) urban landscapes, partly enabled by the thousands of unpaid volunteers who rescued abandoned channels and paved the way for Castle’s vision of “leisure ways” ⑤ (become) a reality.
be glimpsed
has transformed
to become
Environmentally rich, historically fascinating and a source of human wellbeing, thriving canals should be a treasured feature of our greener future. The government, however, appears ⑥_________(have) other ideas.
英国大量运河的修复是令人振奋的成功故事, 曾经被污染的水道已经变成了现代城市中的一片绿洲。
to have
①saved 考查过去分词作状语。本句已有谓语have become, 故空处为非谓语，save与waterways是逻辑上的动宾关系, 故用过去分词作状语, 填saved。
②working 考查现在分词作定语。空处作定语，修饰名词waterways, waterways与work“运行”是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作定语, 填working。
答案与解析
长难句分析：[Originally in the 1960s from closures by Labour’s transport secretary], Castle, [on the Canal]), formerly .
③be glimpsed 考查动词语态。主语Otters, kingfishers and dragonflies与glimpse是被动关系, 故此处用被动语态, 空前已有情态动词can, 故填be glimpsed。
④has transformed 考查动词时态。空处作谓语, 句中时间状语是 Over the past decades, 故用现在完成时, 故填has transformed。
答案与解析
长难句分析：Over the past decades, (transform) , partly unpaid volunteers and for vision (of ways”) a reality].
⑤to become 考查不定式作状语。who引导的定语从句已有谓语, 空处为非谓语。根据语境“拯救了废弃的渠道，为Castle的‘休闲方式’愿景成为现实铺平了道路”，此处表目的，应用不定式作状语, 填to become。
⑥to have 考查不定式作表语。根据appear to do sth. “似乎要做某事”, 故填to have。
答案与解析
积累
重点词 ①intersect v.相交；交叉；横穿；贯穿；横断
②crisscross [ kr s kr s] v. (在……内)纵横交错，交叉；贯穿 ③treasured adj.珍贵的 ④uplifting adj.令人振奋的；鼓舞人心的；催人奋进的
派生词 (note+-able) notable adj.值得注意的；显著的；重要的
语块 pave the way for为……铺平道路
