热点四 判断句子类型——并列连词、三大从句和特殊句式
高考命题新角度5 语法填空易混辨析题 ①定语从句和并列分句的易混;②定语从句和同位语从句、宾语从句的易混。
会析句·善解题
找主干,定主句、从句,确定用何种并列连词、关系词或从属连词
The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this ① multi-buy that. However, ② you’re shopping for one, buying extra to benefit from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home ③ you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way ④ will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ⑤ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. (2024·浙江高考1月)
图析细解学解题
The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this multi-buy that. However, ② you’re shopping for one, buying extra to benefit from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either
从句, 从句缺少“如果”
your shopping is then too heavy to carry home you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way ④ will make them the most
定语从句,从句缺少主语
money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ^ ⑤ they’ll promote ^.
缺表语 缺宾语
But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
考频:并列连词3年5考=定语从句3年5考>名词性从句3年1考>状语从句3年0考
①对并列连词的考查常出现在长难句中,应结合“逻辑语意+固定用法”解题,注意“对等成分+并列连词+对等成分”, 空处前后两个句子或两个对等成分是并列关系, 用并列连词。
②定语从句是三大从句中考查频次较高的一类, 先明确关系词在从句中所作的成分, 再代入还原,直接还原是主语、宾语(that、 which、 who、 whom),加介词代入作状语(when、 where、 why),所有格形式是定语(whose)。
③“引导词+句子”+谓语:“引导词+句子”为主语从句;动词/介词+“引导词+句子”:“引导词+句子”为宾语从句;look、 be、 remain、 seem等系动词+“引导词+句子”:“引导词+句子”为表语从句。
④“引导词+句子”在句中起副词作用,作时间、地点、方式、条件、原因、让步等状语,为状语从句。
热考法·巧应对
考法1 考查并列连词——理逻辑辨句意
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 1.Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, ____________ the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. (2025·全国一卷) 2.But it’s amazing how you can adapt ____________ learn in a new environment.(2025·全国二卷) 3.It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____________ see how Tang’s play was being performed. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 4.To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出), ____________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 5.Although Mary loved flowers, ____________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. (浙江高考) B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷 6.It is a distinct visual contrast that shouldn’t work, ____________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. (2023·全国乙卷) 理逻辑,辨语意,定并列连词
考法2 考查定语从句——找准先行词,分析从句结构,明确关系词
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 7.An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____________ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. (2025·全国一卷) 8.I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ____________ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist.(2025·全国二卷) 9.Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ____________ is known as“the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) 10.The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. (新高考Ⅰ卷) B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷 11.Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ____________ Rachel Carson says in A Fable for Tomorrow. (2023·全国甲卷) 12.But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. (2023·全国乙卷) 1.分析句子成分是关键 2.注意特殊点 ①当先行词为表抽象地点的名词,如point、situation、case、stage、position、job等时,若在从句中作状语,用关系副词where引导定语从句;若作主语或宾语,用关系代词that/which。 ②介词(短语)后的关系词常用which或whom。 ③that不引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为those指人时,用who引导定语从句。 ④先行词指物,用that不用which的情况:代高序数,人+物,only、very用that。 a.先行词为all、anything、little、everything等不定代词或被all、any、no等词修饰; b.先行词被最高级或序数词修饰; c.先行词有人又有物时; d.先行词由the very、the only修饰。
考法3 考查名词性从句——根据“从句结构+连接词意义”确定连接词
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月 13.They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is ____________ they need an English trainer. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) 14.____________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. (新高考Ⅰ卷) 15.Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ____________ she could do so remotely. (浙江高考) B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷 16.The truth, though, is ____________ could be guessed—there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest.(2025·北京高考) 17.On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____________ is now northwestern Wyoming. (2024·全国甲卷) 18.His story is a reminder of ____________ wisdom can bring about peace and harmony.(2023·上海高考) 1.关注4个句式 ①That is because ...这是因为…… ②That is why ...这是为什么…… ③The reason is that ...原因是…… ④There is no doubt that ...毫无疑问…… 2.两步法确定连接词
考法4 考查状语从句——理清句意逻辑,确定状语从句从属连词
全国卷/自主命题卷 19.____________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. (全国卷Ⅲ) 20.On our way to the house, it was raining ____________ hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there. (全国卷Ⅲ) 21.One day, a dispute arose in the kingdom. Two farmers were arguing about the ownership of a piece of land. They could not settle the matter themselves ____________ each claimed the land was theirs. (2023·上海高考) 22.Now ____________ you are old enough to make your own judgement, you should start to pursue your career. (2023·天津高考) 1.句意判断法 ①if/unless/once/given that等表条件 ②because/as/since/now that等表原因 ③though/although/while等表让步 ④where/wherever表地点 2.时间先后法 ①动作同时发生: when、whenever、while、 as等。 ②动作接连发生: as soon as、the minute、immediately、once等。 ③动作先后发生: before、after等。 ④动作的延续: since。 ⑤动作的终止或开始: till/until。 3.句型判断法 ①so/such ... that ... 如此……以至于…… ②It is some time+since ... 自从……已经多长时间了。 ③It will/won’t be+一段时间+before ... 过了多长时间才/没过多长时间就……
考法5 特殊句式
全国卷/自主命题卷 23.When ____________ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences.(2025·北京高考) 24.And when ________ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). (2024·北京高考) 25.It is this ____________ distinguishes humans from machines. (2023·浙江高考1月阅读改编) 26.China’s approach to protecting its environment while ____________ (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide. (全国卷Ⅱ) 1.记准状语从句2个省略条件 状语从句如满足以下2个条件,从句的主语和be动词可省略。 ①在when、while、whenever、till、if、unless、as if、though、although等引导的状语从句中,从句有be动词。 ②主从句主语一致或从句主语是it。 2.牢记强调结构的2点 ①去掉It is/was和that/who,剩下的句子结构完整、句意通顺,是强调句。 ②助动词do/does/did+动词原形,表“一定/务必”。
拆分句子结构,确定句子类型,确定用何种连词
Exercise 1 易混句型题 | China Daily
While others relaxed, I volunteered abroad at Shanghai’s Yuyuan Garden, ① (guide) visitors. My fluent Chinese greeting (“Welcome, how can I help ”) often turned surprise into comfort.
A family, first-time visitors from Shaanxi, ② (stand) out. The father’s thick accent was initially challenging, ③ our chat quickly moved beyond directions to culture. He asked ④ many Africans eat with hands rather than chopsticks. I explained that suits traditional foods like fufu. As I mentioned it had taken me years ⑤ (master) chopsticks, he laughed ⑥ (hearty).
He then proudly described Shaanxi as a Silk Road hub ⑦ 13 dynasties flourished. He highlighted Xi’an, ancient capital distinguished for the Terracotta Warriors—and biangbiang noodles, noting ⑧ the character “biang” is one of the most complex in the Chinese language.
This encounter reminded me how powerful a smile and an open mind can be in bridging cultures. In brief ⑨ (moment)—one question, one laugh, one story—we built a genuine connection.
①________________ ②________________ ③________________ ④________________ ⑤________________ ⑥________________⑦________________ ⑧________________ ⑨________________
Exercise 2 长难句障碍题+易混句型题+熟词生僻义 | Time
As the weather starts heating up this week, you may be tempted to go outside— ① with the outdoors comes the possibility of getting bitten by mosquitoes. And if you find yourself getting a lot of mosquito bites, it could be because of the way ② you smell or the colors of the clothes you are wearing, recent research has found.
“If you think you are a mosquito magnet, it’s probably the case,” Jeffrey Riffell, a biology professor at the University of Washington ③ studies mosquito sensory systems, said earlier this month. “Some individuals are bitten way more than others.”
Riffell has been working with a team of researchers to try to better understand ④ mosquitoes find food—male mosquitoes drink nectar from flowers to get sugar, ⑤ females drink blood as a means to help with laying eggs.
“Mosquitoes are remarkably good at trying to locate a person to drink their blood,” Riffell said. “They are vampires (吸血鬼), ⑥ they’re very good at what they’re doing. Their eyes, their vision, their nose, everything about them is geared (适合) towards finding us and biting us.”
①________________ ②________________ ③________________ ④________________ ⑤________________ ⑥________________
热点四
会析句·善解题
①and 设空前后的family-size this 和 multi-buy that是并列关系, 应用并列连词and。
②if 句意:如果你是想买一件,那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据语境可知,此处表“如果”, 应用if引导条件状语从句。
③or 句意:要么你买的东西太重,搬不回家,要么你买的东西还没来得及用就变质了。either ... or ... 意为“要么……要么……”,为固定句式,故填or。
④that/which 句意:当然,商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。空处引导定语从句, 先行词为way,定语从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。
⑤what 句意:如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买,那他们就会推广。空处引导表语从句,表语从句中缺少宾语,且指物,表“所……的东西”, 应用what引导表语从句。
热考法·巧应对
1.and 分析句子结构可知,三个名词短语the balance between the black and white pieces、the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces和the energy flow following each move为并列关系,在从句中作并列主语,故填and。
2.and 空处连接两个并列动词adapt与learn,表“适应并学习”。故填and。
3.and 设空前后的两个并列成分“hear the Chinese language”和“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构,应用连词and。
4.or whether ... or ... “是……还是……:不管……(还是)……”是固定搭配。
5.neither 句意:虽然玛丽喜欢花,但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意和空后的nor可知,此处是并列连词结构neither ... nor ...,意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
6.but 前后分句间是转折关系,故填but。
7.which 分析句子结构可知,空前是完整的句子,空前有逗号且空处所在句缺少主语,故空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词Go指物,关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,故填which引导定语从句。
8.where 分析句子结构可知,空前是完整的句子,空前有逗号且空处所在句缺少状语,故空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词the countryside of Zhejiang,指地点,关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导定语从句。
9.who 句意:为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖,中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。空处引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词为Tang Xianzu,指人,从句中缺少主语, 故用关系代词who引导定语从句。
10.that 空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰指物的先行词species,空处在从句中作主语,先行词species由all修饰,只能用关系代词that引导定语从句。
11.as 句意:然而,正如蕾切尔·卡森在《明天的寓言》中所说的那样,这种寓言形式今天仍然有价值。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,从句缺少宾语,且先行词指代前面的整个主句,此处表“正如;正像”,故填as。
12.that/which 分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,先行词为place,故填that/which。
13.why 根据句意“他们还需要随时准备好接受国际记者的英文采访。这就是他们需要一个英语教员的原因”可知,此处考查固定句型“This is why ...”,故填why。
14.What 句意:这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句,从句缺少主语,指“……的事情”,故用what引导主语从句。
15.whether/if 句意:对于她的出席, Cobb开始询问邀请她演讲的会议组织者是否可以远程演讲。分析句子结构可知, “ she could do so remotely”为宾语从句,宾语从句句意不完整,但成分完整。 whether/if “是否”符合语境,故填whether或if。
16.what 句意:不过,真相正如所料——这里从来没有其他人。系动词is后是表语从句,从句中缺少主语,指物,用what引导。what在从句中作主语,意为“所……的事情”。
17.what 句意:1870年9月中旬,在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚,四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松,这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。“ is now northwestern Wyoming”在句中作介词in的宾语,从句中缺少主语, 指物,表“所……的地方”, 应用what引导宾语从句,故填what。
18.how 分析句子结构可知,空处应填入一个可以引导宾语从句的连词,且从句中仅缺少状语,又根据语境推知,此处想要表述的是“他的故事给了我们一个关于智慧是如何带来和平与和谐的提醒”,how 有“如何”之意。故填how。
19.When/As 句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句,表“当……时候”,且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词,不能用while引导,故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
20.so 句意:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得那么大,以至于我们不禁想还要多久才能到达那里。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,此句含so ... that ...引导的结果状语从句,故填so。so ... that ... 意为“如此……以至于……”。
21.because 分析句子结构可知,空前是简单句,空后是含宾语从句的句子,故空处填连词。又根据上下文提及的“They could not settle the matter themselves”和“each claimed the land was theirs”可推知“他们自己无法解决这个问题是因为他们每个人都声称这块土地是他们的”,此处为前果后因,故用because表原因。
22.that 句意:既然你已经长大了,可以自己做判断了,你应该开始追求你的事业了。 根据“you should start to pursue your career”可知,主从句之间为因果关系,用“既然”符合逻辑,且空前是Now, 故填that。now that “既然”。
23.traveling 此句是时间状语从句(省略形式),完整形式为:When (we are) traveling。根据状语从句的省略结构规则:当主从句主语一致时,且从句含有be动词形式,从句可省略主语和be动词,故填traveling。
24.asked 句意:当被问及他的新头衔时,他分享了秘诀:适度。 when引导的时间状语从句中,主语为he,且ask与he之间是被动关系,应用被动语态be asked,状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句中含有be动词形式,从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填asked。
25.that 此处是强调句,强调this, 故填that。
26.feeding 空处表示正在进行的动作,while后面省略了China is。根据省略句的原则:在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中,从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词时,可把从句中主语和be动词一起省略,故填feeding。
外刊原味小练
Exercise 1
①guiding 考查非谓语动词。I与guide是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词形式作伴随状语,故填guiding。
②stood 考查动词的时态。全文描述的是过去的经历,此处需保持时态统一,填过去式stood。
③but 考查连词。 分析语境可知,空前的“浓重的口音有挑战”与空后的“聊天顺利深入”为转折,用转折连词but。
④why 考查宾语从句。动词asked后接宾语从句,且从句内容为询问原因(非洲人用手吃饭的原因),填why。
⑤to master 考查固定句型。“it takes/took sb.+时间+to do”为固定结构(学会用筷子花了我数年时间),填不定式 to master。
⑥heartily 考查词形转换。空处修饰动词laughed应用副词作状语,形容词hearty的副词形式为heartily (开怀地)。
⑦where 考查定语从句。该句是定语从句, hub指地点,从句中缺少状语,故用关系副词where引导定语从句。
⑧that 考查宾语从句。空后引导的宾语从句在结构和句意上均完整,应用that引导宾语从句。
⑨moments 考查名词复数。moment是可数名词,空前无表“一”的限定词,故用复数形式。
Exercise 2
为什么蚊子只叮咬拥有特定气味的人
①but 考查连词。空前提到想到户外,空后提到到户外有可能被蚊子叮咬,前后是转折关系,故用连词but。
②that 考查定语从句。该句是定语从句,先行词是the way,从句中缺少方式状语,故用关系词that引导定语从句。
③who/that 考查定语从句。该句是定语从句,先行词是a biology professor,指人,从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。
④how 考查名词性从句。 ④ mosquitoes find food作understand的宾语,破折号后的内容解释的是蚊子觅食的方式,故宾语从句中缺少方式状语,表“如何”,应用how引导宾语从句。
⑤while 考查连词。空前提到雄性蚊子吸食花蜜,空后提到雌性蚊子吸食血液,前后内容是对比关系,应用连词while。
⑥and 考查连词。空前的“它们是吸血鬼”和“它们擅长吸血”是并列关系,应用连词and。
积累
重点词 locate vt.找出……的准确位置;确定……的准确地点
熟词 生僻义 way熟义:n.方法;方式 生僻义:adv.大大地;远远地;很;十分
语块 ①be tempted to do sth.想要做某事 ②be geared towards与……相适应;适合于(共59张PPT)
热点四 判断句子类型——并列连词、
三大从句和特殊句式
高考命题新角度5 语法填空易混辨析题 ①定语从句和并列分句的易混；②定语从句和同位语从句、宾语从句的易混。
找主干，定主句、从句，确定用何种并列连词、关系词或从属连词
The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this
① multi-buy that. However, ② you’re shopping for one, buying extra to benefit from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home ③ you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
and
if
or
Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way
④ will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ⑤ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. (2024·浙江高考1月)
that/which
what
①and 设空前后的family-size this 和 multi-buy that是并列关系, 应用并列连词and。
②if 句意：如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据语境可知, 此处表“如果”, 应用if引导条件状语从句。
③or 句意：要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要么你买的东西还没来得及用就变质了。either ... or ... 意为“要么……要么……”，为固定句式，故填or。
答案与解析
④that/which 句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。空处引导定语从句, 先行词为way，定语从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。
⑤what 句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。空处引导表语从句，表语从句中缺少宾语，且指物，表“所……的东西”, 应用what引导表语从句。
答案与解析
图析细解学解题
The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this multi-buy that. However, ② you’re shopping for one,
buying extra to benefit from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
从句, 从句缺少“如果”
Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way ④
will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ^ ⑤ they’ll promote ^. But that leaves
the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
定语从句，从句缺少主语
缺表语
缺宾语
考频：并列连词3年5考=定语从句3年5考>名词性从句3年1考>状语从句3年0考
①对并列连词的考查常出现在长难句中，应结合“逻辑语意+固定用法”解题，注意“对等成分+并列连词+对等成分”, 空处前后两个句子或两个对等成分是并列关系, 用并列连词。
②定语从句是三大从句中考查频次较高的一类, 先明确关系词在从句中所作的成分, 再代入还原，直接还原是主语、宾语(that、 which、 who、 whom)，加介词代入作状语(when、 where、 why)，所有格形式是定语(whose)。
③“引导词+句子”+谓语：“引导词+句子”为主语从句；动词/介词+“引导词+句子”：“引导词+句子”为宾语从句；look、 be、 remain、 seem等系动词+“引导词+句子”：“引导词+句子”为表语从句。
④“引导词+句子”在句中起副词作用，作时间、地点、方式、条件、原因、让步等状语，为状语从句。
考法1
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月
1.Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, ______ the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. (2025·全国一卷)
考查并列连词——理逻辑辨句意
and
and 分析句子结构可知，三个名词短语the balance between the black and white pieces、the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces和the energy flow following each move为并列关系，在从句中作并列主语，故填and。
答案与解析
2.But it’s amazing how you can adapt _______ learn in a new environment.(2025·全国二卷)
and 空处连接两个并列动词adapt与learn，表“适应并学习”。故填and。
答案与解析
and
3.It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language _____ see how Tang’s play was being performed. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
and 设空前后的两个并列成分“hear the Chinese language”和“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构，应用连词and。
答案与解析
and
4.To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出), _____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
or whether ... or ... “是……还是……：不管……(还是)……”是固定搭配。
答案与解析
or
5.Although Mary loved flowers, ____________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. (浙江高考)
neither 句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的 园丁。根据句意和空后的nor可知，此处是并列连词结构neither ... nor ...，意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
答案与解析
neither
B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷
6.It is a distinct visual contrast that shouldn’t work, _____ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. (2023·全国乙卷)
but 前后分句间是转折关系，故填but。
答案与解析
but
理逻辑，辨语意，定并列连词
考法2
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月
7.An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, _________ originated in China more than 4，000 years ago. (2025·全国一卷)
考查定语从句——找准先行词，分析从句结构，明确关系词
which 分析句子结构可知，空前是完整的句子，空前有逗号且空处所在句缺少主语，故空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词Go指物, 关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，故填which引导定语从句。
答案与解析
which
8.I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ________ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and central heating doesn’t exist.(2025·全国二卷)
where 分析句子结构可知，空前是完整的句子，空前有逗号且空处所在句缺少状语，故空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，指地点，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句。
答案与解析
where
9.Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
who 句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。空处引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词为Tang Xianzu，指 人，从句中缺少主语, 故用关系代词who引导定语从句。
答案与解析
who
10.The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. (新高考Ⅰ卷)
that 空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰指物的先行词species，空处在从句中作主语，先行词species由all修饰，只能用关系代词that引导定语从句。
答案与解析
that
B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷
11.Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _____ Rachel Carson says in A Fable for Tomorrow. (2023·全国甲卷)
as 句意：然而，正如蕾切尔·卡森在《明天的寓言》中所说的那样，这种寓言形式今天仍然有价值。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语，且先行词指代前面的整个主句，此处表“正如；正像”，故填as。
答案与解析
as
12.But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. (2023·全国乙卷)
that/which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为place，故填that/which。
答案与解析
that/which
1.分析句子成分是关键
2.注意特殊点
①当先行词为表抽象地点的名词，如point、situation、case、stage、position、job等时，若在从句中作状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句；若作主语或宾语，用关系代词that/which。
②介词(短语)后的关系词常用which或whom。
③that不引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为those指人时，用who引导定语从句。
④先行词指物，用that不用which的情况：代高序数，人+物，only, very用that。
a.先行词为all、anything、little、everything等不定代词或被all、any、no等词修饰； b.先行词被最高级或序数词修饰； c.先行词有人又有物时； d.先行词由the very、the only修饰。
考法3
A组 3年新课标卷/浙江高考1月
13.They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is _______ they need an English trainer. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
考查名词性从句——根据“从句结构+连接词意义”确定连接词
why 根据句意“他们还需要随时准备好接受国际记者的英文采 访。这就是他们需要一个英语教员的原因”可知，此处考查固定句型“This is why ...”，故填why。
答案与解析
why
14._________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. (新高考Ⅰ卷)
What 句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺少主语，指“……的事情”，故用what引导主语从句。
答案与解析
What
15.Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ____________ she could do so remotely. (浙江高考)
whether/if 句意：对于她的出席, Cobb开始询问邀请她演讲的会议组织者是否可以远程演讲。分析句子结构可知, “ she could do so remotely”为宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，但成分完整。 whether/if “是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。
答案与解析
whether/if
B组 全国甲/乙卷/自主命题卷
16.The truth, though, is _______ could be guessed—there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest.(2025·北京高考)
what 句意：不过，真相正如所料——这里从来没有其他人。系动词is后是表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，用what引导。what在从句中作主语，意为“所……的事情”。
答案与解析
what
17.On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____________ is now northwestern Wyoming. (2024·全国甲卷)
what 句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北 部。“ is now northwestern Wyoming”在句中作介词in的宾语，从句中缺少主语, 指物，表“所……的地方”, 应用what引导宾语从句，故填what。
答案与解析
what
18.His story is a reminder of _______ wisdom can bring about peace and harmony.(2023·上海高考)
how 分析句子结构可知，空处应填入一个可以引导宾语从句的连词，且从句中仅缺少状语，又根据语境推知，此处想要表述的是“他的故事给了我们一个关于智慧是如何带来和平与和谐的提醒”，how 有“如何”之意。故填how。
答案与解析
how
1.关注4个句式
①That is because ...这是因为……
②That is why ...这是为什么……
③The reason is that ...原因是……
④There is no doubt that ...毫无疑问……
2.两步法确定连接词
考法4
全国卷/自主命题卷
19.____________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. (全国卷Ⅲ)
考查状语从句——理清句意逻辑，确定状语从句从属连词
When/As 句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
答案与解析
When/As
20.On our way to the house, it was raining _____ hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there. (全国卷Ⅲ)
so 句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得那么大，以至于我们不禁想还要多久才能到达那里。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此句含so ... that ...引导的结果状语从句，故填so。so ... that ... 意为 “如此……以至于……”。
答案与解析
so
21.One day, a dispute arose in the kingdom. Two farmers were arguing about the ownership of a piece of land. They could not settle the matter themselves _______ each claimed the land was theirs. (2023·上海高考)
because 分析句子结构可知，空前是简单句，空后是含宾语从句的句子，故空处填连词。又根据上下文提及的“They could not settle the matter themselves”和“each claimed the land was theirs”可推知“他们自己无法解决这个问题是因为他们每个人都声称这块土地是他们的”，此处为前果后因，故用because表原因。
答案与解析
because
22.Now _______ you are old enough to make your own judgement, you should start to pursue your career. (2023·天津高考)
that 句意：既然你已经长大了，可以自己做判断了，你应该开始追求你的事业了。 根据“you should start to pursue your career”可 知，主从句之间为因果关系，用“既然”符合逻辑，且空前是Now, 故填that。now that “既然”。
答案与解析
that
1.句意判断法
①if/unless/once/given that等表条件
②because/as/since/now that等表原因
③though/although/while等表让步
④where/wherever表地点
2.时间先后法
①动作同时发生： when、whenever、while、 as等。
②动作接连发生： as soon as、the minute、immediately、once等。
③动作先后发生： before、after等。
④动作的延续： since。
⑤动作的终止或开始： till/until。
3.句型判断法
①so/such ... that ...
如此……以至于……
②It is some time+since ...
自从……已经多长时间了。
③It will/won’t be+一段时间+before ...
过了多长时间才/没过多长时间就……
考法5
全国卷/自主命题卷
23.When __________ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. (2025·北京高考)
特殊句式
traveling 此句是时间状语从句(省略形式)，完整形式为：When (we are) traveling。根据状语从句的省略结构规则：当主从句主语一致时，且从句含有be动词形式，从句可省略主语和be动词，故填traveling。
答案与解析
traveling
24.And when ________ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret： moderation (适度). (2024·北京高考)
asked 句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。 when引导的时间状语从句中，主语为he，且ask与he之间是被动关系，应用被动语态be asked，状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词形式，从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省 略。故填asked。
答案与解析
asked
25.It is this ______ distinguishes humans from machines. (2023·浙江高考1月阅读改编)
that 此处是强调句，强调this, 故填that。
答案与解析
that
26.China’s approach to protecting its environment while ____________ (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide. (全国卷Ⅱ)
feeding 空处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略了China is。根据省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中，从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词时，可把从句中主语和be动词一起省略，故填feeding。
答案与解析
feeding
1.记准状语从句2个省略条件
状语从句如满足以下2个条件，从句的主语和be动词可省略。
①在when、while、whenever、till、if、unless、as if、though、although等引导的状语从句中，从句有be动词。
②主从句主语一致或从句主语是it。
2.牢记强调结构的2点
①去掉It is/was和that/who，剩下的句子结构完整、句意通顺，是强调句。
②助动词do/does/did+动词原形，表“一定/务必”。
拆分句子结构，确定句子类型，确定用何种连词
Exercise 1 易混句型题 | China Daily
While others relaxed, I volunteered abroad at Shanghai’s Yuyuan Garden, ① (guide) visitors. My fluent Chinese greeting (“Welcome, how can I help ”) often turned surprise into comfort.
A family, first-time visitors from Shaanxi, ② (stand) out. The father’s thick accent was initially challenging, ③ our chat quickly moved beyond directions to culture. He asked ④ many Africans eat
guiding
stood
but
why
with hands rather than chopsticks. I explained that suits traditional foods like fufu. As I mentioned it had taken me years ⑤ (master) chopsticks, he laughed ⑥ (hearty).
He then proudly described Shaanxi as a Silk Road hub ⑦ 13 dynasties flourished. He highlighted Xi’an, ancient capital distinguished for the Terracotta Warriors—and biangbiang noodles, noting ⑧ the character “biang” is one of the most complex in the Chinese language.
to master
heartily
where
that
This encounter reminded me how powerful a smile and an open mind can be in bridging cultures. In brief ⑨ (moment)—one question, one laugh, one story—we built a genuine connection.
moments
①guiding 考查非谓语动词。I与guide是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式作伴随状语，故填guiding。
②stood 考查动词的时态。全文描述的是过去的经历，此处需保持时态统一，填过去式stood。
③but 考查连词。 分析语境可知，空前的“浓重的口音有挑战”与空后的“聊天顺利深入”为转折，用转折连词but。
④why 考查宾语从句。动词asked后接宾语从句，且从句内容为询问原因(非洲人用手吃饭的原因)，填why。
答案与解析
⑤to master 考查固定句型。“it takes/took sb.+时间+to do”为固定结构(学会用筷子花了我数年时间)，填不定式 to master。
⑥heartily 考查词形转换。空处修饰动词laughed应用副词作状 语，形容词hearty的副词形式为heartily (开怀地)。
⑦where 考查定语从句。该句是定语从句, hub指地点，从句中缺少状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句。
答案与解析
⑧that 考查宾语从句。空后引导的宾语从句在结构和句意上均完整，应用that引导宾语从句。
⑨moments 考查名词复数。moment是可数名词，空前无表“一”的限定词，故用复数形式。
答案与解析
Exercise 2 长难句障碍题+易混句型题+熟词生僻义 | Time
As the weather starts heating up this week, you may be tempted to go outside—① with the outdoors comes the possibility of getting bitten by mosquitoes. And if you find yourself getting a lot of mosquito bites, it could be because of the way ② you smell or the colors of the clothes you are wearing, recent research has found.
but
that
“If you think you are a mosquito magnet, it’s probably the case，” Jeffrey Riffell, a biology professor at the University of Washington
③ studies mosquito sensory systems, said earlier this month. “Some individuals are bitten way more than others.”
Riffell has been working with a team of researchers to try to better understand ④ mosquitoes find food—male mosquitoes drink nectar from flowers to get sugar, ⑤ females drink blood as a means to help with laying eggs.
who/that
how
while
“Mosquitoes are remarkably good at trying to locate a person to drink their blood，” Riffell said. “They are vampires (吸血鬼),
⑥ they’re very good at what they’re doing. Their eyes, their vision, their nose, everything about them is geared (适合) towards finding us and biting us.”
为什么蚊子只叮咬拥有特定气味的人
and
①but 考查连词。空前提到想到户外，空后提到到户外有可能被蚊子叮咬，前后是转折关系，故用连词but。
②that 考查定语从句。该句是定语从句，先行词是the way，从句中缺少方式状语，故用关系词that引导定语从句。
③who/that 考查定语从句。该句是定语从句，先行词是a biology professor，指人，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。
答案与解析
④how 考查名词性从句。 ④ mosquitoes find food作understand的宾语，破折号后的内容解释的是蚊子觅食的方式，故宾语从句中缺少方式状语，表“如何”，应用how引导宾语从句。
⑤while 考查连词。空前提到雄性蚊子吸食花蜜，空后提到雌性蚊子吸食血液，前后内容是对比关系，应用连词while。
⑥and 考查连词。空前的“它们是吸血鬼”和“它们擅长吸血”是并列关系，应用连词and。
答案与解析
积累
重点词 locate vt.找出……的准确位置；确定……的准确地点
熟词 生僻义 way熟义：n.方法；方式 生僻义：adv.大大地；远远地；很；十分
语块 ①be tempted to do sth.想要做某事
②be geared towards与……相适应；适合于
