练4 推理判断题——隐含推断题
限时18分钟
外刊原味4 体裁:记叙文 主题语境:科学技术 难度:★★★☆☆ @ Cricket
In 2002, 17-year-old Kavita Shukla received a US Patent for FRESHPAPER, a simple sheet of paper infused (注入) with spices that extends the freshness of perishable (易变质的) foods. It can be used by consumers, farmers, and food banks, especially where refrigeration is unavailable.Shukla is now the CEO of FRESHGLOW Co., the company she founded.
On a visit to her grandmother in India before her 6th grade, Shukla accidentally drank some tap water. As people often get sick from drinking tap water in India, she was given a family spice remedy. Not getting sick, she started to wonder about the spices’ potentials.
Back home, she experimented in the garage. Initially testing spice combinations in jars of dirty water, she observed it became cleaner over weeks, but didn’t immediately apply her finding. About a year later, seeing moldy (发霉的) strawberries at a store, she tried dipping produce in a spice mixture, surprised to see it worked in preventing spoilage.
Throughout middle school, Shukla extensively tested the spice mixture on fruits and vegetables. In high school, she focused on figuring out how to infuse the spices onto paper. She was aware how her idea could help people like her grandmother without access to refrigeration (over 1 billion globally), and that her idea might have applications to help in a broader sense as food waste is a massive local and global issue.
Yet it took about another decade for FRESHPAPER to become a consumer product. Initially discouraged from starting a non-profit in college, she later revisited the idea. Hand-making FRESHPAPER strips in her kitchen, she took them to a Boston farmers’ market where farmers and shoppers were excited about her solution, revealing people everywhere struggle to keep food fresh and healthy.
Demand grew from hundreds to thousands of sheets handmade in her kitchen. Today, millions are mass-produced in the US, available in major retail stores. It has exceeded her wildest dreams through a grassroots effort, proving that simple can be powerful.
1.What inspired Shukla’s initial spice research
A. Indian tap water pollution issues. B. A family treatment preventing illnesses.
C. Observations of moldy strawberries. D. Grandmother’s food preservation wisdom.
2.What can be inferred about Shukla during her school years
A. She prioritized academic studies. B. She sought commercial success.
C. She kept experimenting for social impact. D. She focused on improving her product.
3.What primarily contributed to Shukla’s spice paper
A. Courage to think beyond. B. Desire to secure a patent.
C. Inspiration and persistence. D. Decision to tackle an issue.
4.What message does Shukla’s story convey
A. Finalizing an invention takes patience. B. Inventors never stop despite setbacks.
C. Innovative solutions require observation. D. Simple ideas can achieve massive impact.
(2025·福州三模) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:科技发展与创新 难度:★★★☆☆
Eight-year-old Hariraj is a Foldscope devotee. He’s used it to examine the milk from his family’s cows. Though the milk looks creamy, the Foldscope reveals a world of microorganisms. “It has to be boiled and cooled before we can drink it,” he realized.
This incredible device is no ordinary microscope. Made from waterproof, tear-resistant paper, it comes in a small bag with parts that can be attached in minutes. Magnets (磁铁) hold it together, and a tiny lens (透镜) allows it to enlarge objects up to 140 times. Once built, it’s no larger than a bookmark, small enough to slip into a pocket. And the best part It costs just $2 to produce, and millions of children in low-income countries get them for free.
The idea for the Foldscope began with Manu Prakash, a professor at Stanford University, who grew up in India. As a sixth grader, he and his classmates failed to draw a microscope in a test—none of them had ever seen one. Microscopes were expensive, and not all schools could afford a well-equipped lab. “The spirit of exploration was critical to the study of science,” says Prakash. “But in order to develop that spirit, you need the right tools.” Determined to change the situation, Prakash spent years experimenting, even borrowing lenses from his brother’s glasses. In 2014, he and his Ph.D. student finally developed the Foldscope, using paper-folding techniques to create an alternative to traditional microscopes.
Young Hariraj encountered the Foldscope at Eden School in southern India, where it has transformed science lessons. Children eagerly rush outdoors, searching for ants, flowers, and leaves to examine. “I just love the look of amazement when kids look into the Foldscope,” says Indira Pandiarajan, the school principal. “When their eyes light up, I know that’s the moment they will accept science enthusiastically and learn for the rest of their lives.”
5.Why does the author mention Hariraj in paragraph 1
A. To introduce his hobby. B. To describe his family life.
C. To explain milk’s components. D. To show Foldscope’s practical use.
6.What is a feature of the Foldscope according to the text
A. It is user-friendly. B. It is magnetic-resistant.
C. It is intended for book lovers. D. It provides step-by-step instructions.
7.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. The importance of scientific tools. B. The challenge of studying science.
C. The impact of technical cooperation. D. The creation of an affordable microscope.
8.Which statement would Indira Pandiarajan probably agree with
A. Scientific spirit unites researchers in India.
B. The Foldscope facilitates science learning.
C. The Foldscope eases teaching workload.
D. Scientific spirit fuels headmasters’ enthusiasm.
(2025·石家庄三模) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:科学研究 难度:★★★☆
Have you ever had something good happen to you and felt like shouting it from the rooftops Sharing positive events with others and receiving an enthusiastic response in return has been tied to many good outcomes, including closer relationships and greater happiness. Now, a new study suggests another benefit of sharing the good stuff: more feelings of gratitude.
The researchers started by asking 300 participants how often they tended to share good news, and how other people in their lives generally responded to their good news. Then, six times a day for 10 days, the researchers asked participants to report on how grateful they were in the moment, how recently they’d had a social encounter, whether they’d shared good news with that person, and how close they felt to the person as a result.
Afterward, the researchers analyzed the results to look for patterns. They found those who shared positive events with others felt more grateful in the moment and closer to the person with whom they shared the news. In addition, people with a tendency to share good news and receive enthusiastic responses were the most grateful in the group, overall.
Sharing good news calls attention to the good things happening in your life, says Alexandra Gray, study coauthor of Northeastern University. For example, you might tell a friend what a great time you had over the holidays, and in recounting what happened, you can re-experience the positive feelings and become even more appreciative.
Getting an enthusiastic response to your good news is also important, says Gray, because it makes you feel recognized, and cared for in a way that strengthens your relationship, and also leads to gratitude.
Though there’s still more research to be done, Gray suggests people not hold back on sharing their good news with others, or on showing enthusiasm when others share good news with them. We all have a role to play in helping positivity spread.
9.How did the researchers conduct the study
A. By analyzing participants’ daily reports.
B. By observing participants’ social encounters.
C. By studying participants’ attitudes to sharing.
D. By tracking participants’ interactive behavior.
10.What does the underlined word “recounting” probably mean in paragraph 4
A. Repeating. B. Analyzing. C. Inquiring. D. Recalling.
11.What can we infer about positive responses to shared good news
A. They boost the sharer’s self-awareness.
B. They serve to confirm the listener’s opinions.
C. They are more influential if given by friends.
D. They make people more connected with others.
12.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To discuss the key to strong friendships. B. To encourage people to share good news.
C. To compare ways people react to good news. D. To analyze how gratitude improves happiness.
练4
17岁的Kavita Shukla因家族香料偏方获得灵感,历经多年研究与坚持,发明了能延长易腐食物保鲜期的FRESHPAPER,该产品从手工制作发展到大规模生产,证明了简单创意可产生巨大影响。
1.B 细节理解题。第二段明确提到,Shukla在印度拜访祖母时误饮自来水。因当地自来水常导致人生病,她服用了家族的香料偏方后没有生病,这是她最初对香料产生好奇并进行研究的灵感。
2.C 隐含推断题。第四段指出,Shukla在中学阶段做大量实验,高中阶段专注技术突破,在此期间她意识到她的想法能“帮助没有冰箱的十亿多人”和有助“解决食物浪费这个全球性问题”,这表明她想借助发明帮助解决社会问题,应对全球食物浪费(社会影响),故C项正确。
3.C 隐含推断题。Shukla的成功源于双重因素:一是“灵感”——童年经历和家庭疗法引发好奇让她意识到香料的潜力(第二段);二是“坚持”——从小学的车库实验(第三段)、中学到高中的持续测试(第四段)、大学受挫后重新尝试手工制作产品并去农民市场验证(第五段)到大规模量产(第六段)。Inspiration and persistence最全面、最准确地概括了整个故事的主要成功要素。
4.D 主旨大意题。整个故事围绕一个看似简单的创意(香料纸)如何解决大问题(食物保鲜、减少浪费、惠及无冰箱人群)并最终产生巨大影响展开。结尾段尾句点睛之笔“simple can be powerful”。选项D“简单创意能产生巨大影响”准确对应尾段的核心观点“简单的事物也能有大能量”以及整个故事所展示的巨大社会影响(惠及全球消费者、农民、食物银行,量产数百万)。
积累
重点词 revisit vt.重提;再次讨论
派生词 ①(un-+available) unavailable adj.无法得到;难以获得 ②(spoil+-age) spoilage n.变质,腐败
合成词 ①(mass+produce) mass-produce vt.批量生产,大量生产 ②(grass+root+-s) grassroots adj.基层的;草根的n.基层;草根
语块 ①in a broader sense从更广泛的意义上 ②exceed one’s wildest dreams某人做梦也想不到
本文主要介绍了Foldscope这种由纸制成的、价格低廉且便于携带的显微镜及其在教育中的应用。
5.D 推理判断题。 第一段通过Hariraj用Foldscope观察牛奶中微生物(a world of microorganisms)的实例,直观展示该工具的实际用途(帮助发现肉眼不可见的微生物,发现牛奶需煮沸后才能饮用)。故作者在第一段提到Hariraj是为了展示Foldscope的实际用途。 故选D项。
干扰项:选项A(介绍爱好)和B(家庭生活)均未涉及核心内容;C(解释牛奶成分)偏离重点,文章重点在于工具的功能,而非牛奶本身。
6.A 细节理解题。第二段强调Foldscope“可快速组装”(attached in minutes)、“小巧便携”(no larger than a bookmark书签大小、small enough to slip into a pocket小到可以放进口袋里)“低成本”(just $2),均说明其易于使用和普及。故选A项。
7.D 段落大意题。 第三段描述Manu Prakash童年教育困境(因为没见过显微镜无法绘制显微镜),点明问题(显微镜昂贵,学校无力负担),并以此强调科学探索需工具支持;后续叙述 Manu Prakash决心改变现状,经多年实验(甚至借用兄弟眼镜镜片),最终研发出低成本、易普及的显微镜。由此可知,本段主要介绍了可负担得起的显微镜的创造过程。故选D项。
8.B 隐含推断题。最后一段提到学生用Foldscope探索自然时,校长Indira观察到孩子们脸上“惊奇的表情(the look of amazement)”且“眼中闪光(their eyes light up)”,校长认为这是终身热爱科学的起点,直接体现Foldscope对科学学习的促进作用。由此可知,Indira Pandiarajan认为Foldscope能够促进科学学习。故选B项。
积累
派生词 (cream+-y) creamy adj.像奶油的;光滑细腻的;含乳脂的;奶油色的;乳白色的
合成词 ①(water+proof) waterproof adj.不透水的;防水的;耐水的 ②(tear+resistant) tear-resistant adj.抗撕裂的
语块 ①slip into放入 ②light up (使)光亮,放光彩;喜形于色;喜气洋洋
本文主要讲述一项新研究,表明分享好消息除了能带来如更亲密的关系和更大的幸福感等好处外,还能带来更多的感恩之情,并介绍了研究过程及分享好消息和对好消息给予热情回应的重要性。
9.A 隐含推断题。第二段明确说明研究方法为“10天内每天6次收集参与者实时报告”(six times a day for 10 days和asked participants to report),第三段首句“分析结果”(analyzed the results)进一步验证数据来源于这些实时报告。由此可知,研究人员是通过分析参与者的日常报告来进行研究的。故选A。
10.D 词句猜测题。第四段首句提出研究者Alexandra Gray的观点:分享行为能让人关注生活中的积极事件。后续以“假期愉快经历分享”为例证明该观点,说明recounting发生了什么会重新体验积极情绪(re-experience the positive feelings),从而变得更加感激(more appreciative)。由此推出,recounting与“分享(sharing)、讲述(telling)”相关,故指“回忆”或“复述”,与recalling “回忆”语义一致。故选D。
11.D 隐含推断题。第三段第二句说明研究发现:人们分享积极事件后和他们分享消息的人关系更亲密。第五段明确点出对分享的好消息的热情回应会加强关系,也会带来感恩之情。由此可推知积极回应能让人们与他人联系更紧密。故选D。make people more connected with others是feel closer to the person 和strengthens your relationship的同义转述。
12.B 写作意图题。 最后一段研究者建议“不要克制分享好消息的行为”并强调“传播积极情绪的重要性”,旨在倡导分享行为。由此可推知,作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们分享好消息。故选B。
干扰项:选项A(讨论友谊关键)片面;C(比较回应方式)未涉及;D(分析感恩如何增强幸福感)是研究结论而非写作目的。
积累
派生词 ①(appreciate+-ive)appreciative adj.欣赏的;赏识的;感激的;感谢的 ②(positive+-ity) positivity n.积极性
语块 ①be tied to受……约束;受……限制 ②call attention to唤起对……的关注(共41张PPT)
第一部分 阅读
练4 推理判断题——隐含推断题
外刊原味4 体裁：记叙文 主题语境：科学技术
难度：★★★☆☆ @ Cricket
In 2002, 17-year-old Kavita Shukla received a US Patent for FRESHPAPER, a simple sheet of paper infused (注入) with spices that extends the freshness of perishable (易变质的) foods. It can be used by consumers, farmers, and food banks, especially where refrigeration is unavailable.Shukla is now the CEO of FRESHGLOW Co., the company she founded.
On a visit to her grandmother in India before her 6th grade, Shukla accidentally drank some tap water. As people often get sick from drinking tap water in India, she was given a family spice remedy. Not getting sick, she started to wonder about the spices’ potentials.
Back home, she experimented in the garage. Initially testing spice combinations in jars of dirty water, she observed it became cleaner over weeks, but didn’t immediately apply her finding. About a year later, seeing moldy (发霉的) strawberries at a store, she tried dipping produce in a spice mixture, surprised to see it worked in preventing spoilage.
Throughout middle school, Shukla extensively tested the spice mixture on fruits and vegetables. In high school, she focused on figuring out how to infuse the spices onto paper. She was aware how her idea could help people like her grandmother without access to refrigeration (over 1 billion globally), and that her idea might have applications to help in a broader sense as food waste is a massive local and global issue.
Yet it took about another decade for FRESHPAPER to become a consumer product. Initially discouraged from starting a non-profit in college, she later revisited the idea. Hand-making FRESHPAPER strips in her kitchen, she took them to a Boston farmers’ market where farmers and shoppers were excited about her solution, revealing people everywhere struggle to keep food fresh and healthy.
Demand grew from hundreds to thousands of sheets handmade in her kitchen. Today, millions are mass-produced in the US, available in major retail stores. It has exceeded her wildest dreams through a grassroots effort, proving that simple can be powerful.
17岁的Kavita Shukla因家族香料偏方获得灵感，历经多年研究与坚持，发明了能延长易腐食物保鲜期的FRESHPAPER，该产品从手工制作发展到大规模生产，证明了简单创意可产生巨大影响。
1.What inspired Shukla’s initial spice research
A. Indian tap water pollution issues.
B. A family treatment preventing illnesses.
C. Observations of moldy strawberries.
D. Grandmother’s food preservation wisdom.
细节理解题。第二段明确提到，Shukla在印度拜访祖母时误饮自来水。因当地自来水常导致人生病，她服用了家族的香料偏方后没有生病，这是她最初对香料产生好奇并进行研究的灵感。
解析
2.What can be inferred about Shukla during her school years
A. She prioritized academic studies.
B. She sought commercial success.
C. She kept experimenting for social impact.
D. She focused on improving her product.
隐含推断题。第四段指出，Shukla在中学阶段做大量实验，高中阶段专注技术突破，在此期间她意识到她的想法能“帮助没有冰箱的十亿多人”和有助“解决食物浪费这个全球性问题”，这表明她想借助发明帮助解决社会问题，应对全球食物浪费(社会影响)，故C项正确。
解析
3.What primarily contributed to Shukla’s spice paper
A. Courage to think beyond.
B. Desire to secure a patent.
C. Inspiration and persistence.
D. Decision to tackle an issue.
隐含推断题。Shukla的成功源于双重因素：一是“灵感”——童年经历和家庭疗法引发好奇让她意识到香料的潜力(第二段)；二是“坚持”——从小学的车库实验(第三段)、中学到高中的持续测试(第四段)、大学受挫后重新尝试手工制作产品并去农民市场验证(第五段)到大规模量产(第六段)。Inspiration and persistence最全面、最准确地概括了整个故事的主要成功要素。
解析
4.What message does Shukla’s story convey
A. Finalizing an invention takes patience.
B. Inventors never stop despite setbacks.
C. Innovative solutions require observation.
D. Simple ideas can achieve massive impact.
主旨大意题。整个故事围绕一个看似简单的创意(香料纸)如何解决大问题(食物保鲜、减少浪费、惠及无冰箱人群)并最终产生巨大影响展开。结尾段尾句点睛之笔“simple can be powerful”。选项D“简单创意能产生巨大影响”准确对应尾段的核心观点“简单的事物也能有大能量”以及整个故事所展示的巨大社会影响(惠及全球消费者、农民、食物银行，量产数百万)。
解析
积累
重点词 revisit vt.重提；再次讨论
派生词 ①(un-+available) unavailable adj.无法得到；难以获得
②(spoil+-age) spoilage n.变质，腐败
合成词 ①(mass+produce) mass-produce vt.批量生产，大量生产
②(grass+root+-s) grassroots adj.基层的；草根的n.基层；草根
语块 ①in a broader sense从更广泛的意义上 ②exceed one’s wildest dreams某人做梦也想不到
(2025·福州三模) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：科技发展与创新 难度：★★★☆☆
Eight-year-old Hariraj is a Foldscope devotee. He’s used it to examine the milk from his family’s cows. Though the milk looks creamy, the Foldscope reveals a world of microorganisms. “It has to be boiled and cooled before we can drink it，” he realized.
This incredible device is no ordinary microscope. Made from waterproof, tear-resistant paper, it comes in a small bag with parts that can be attached in minutes. Magnets (磁铁) hold it together, and a tiny lens
(透镜) allows it to enlarge objects up to 140 times. Once built, it’s no larger than a bookmark, small enough to slip into a pocket. And the best part It costs just $2 to produce, and millions of children in low-income countries get them for free.
The idea for the Foldscope began with Manu Prakash, a professor at Stanford University, who grew up in India. As a sixth grader, he and his classmates failed to draw a microscope in a test—none of them had ever seen one. Microscopes were expensive, and not all schools could afford a well-equipped lab. “The spirit of exploration was critical to the study of science，” says Prakash. “But in order to develop that spirit, you need the right tools.” Determined to change the situation, Prakash spent years experimenting, even borrowing lenses from his brother’s glasses. In 2014, he and his Ph.D. student finally developed the Foldscope, using paper-folding techniques to create an alternative to traditional microscopes.
Young Hariraj encountered the Foldscope at Eden School in southern India, where it has transformed science lessons. Children eagerly rush outdoors, searching for ants, flowers, and leaves to examine. “I just love the look of amazement when kids look into the Foldscope，” says Indira Pandiarajan, the school principal. “When their eyes light up, I know that’s the moment they will accept science enthusiastically and learn for the rest of their lives.”
本文主要介绍了Foldscope这种由纸制成的、价格低廉且便于携带的显微镜及其在教育中的应用。
5.Why does the author mention Hariraj in paragraph 1
A. To introduce his hobby.
B. To describe his family life.
C. To explain milk’s components.
D. To show Foldscope’s practical use.
推理判断题。 第一段通过Hariraj用Foldscope观察牛奶中微生物(a world of microorganisms)的实例，直观展示该工具的实际用途(帮助发现肉眼不可见的微生物，发现牛奶需煮沸后才能饮用)。故作者
在第一段提到Hariraj是为了展示Foldscope的实际用途。 故选D项。
干扰项：选项A(介绍爱好)和B(家庭生活)均未涉及核心内容；C(解释牛奶成分)偏离重点，文章重点在于工具的功能，而非牛奶本身。
解析
6.What is a feature of the Foldscope according to the text
A. It is user-friendly.
B. It is magnetic-resistant.
C. It is intended for book lovers.
D. It provides step-by-step instructions.
细节理解题。第二段强调Foldscope“可快速组装”(attached in minutes)、“小巧便携”(no larger than a bookmark书签大小、small enough to slip into a pocket小到可以放进口袋里)“低成本”(just $2),均说明其易于使用和普及。故选A项。
解析
7.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. The importance of scientific tools.
B. The challenge of studying science.
C. The impact of technical cooperation.
D. The creation of an affordable microscope.
段落大意题。 第三段描述Manu Prakash童年教育困境(因为没见过显微镜无法绘制显微镜)，点明问题(显微镜昂贵，学校无力负担),并以此强调科学探索需工具支持；后续叙述 Manu Prakash决心改变现状，经多年实验(甚至借用兄弟眼镜镜片)，最终研发出低成本、易普及的显微镜。由此可知，本段主要介绍了可负担得起的显微镜的创造过程。故选D项。
解析
8.Which statement would Indira Pandiarajan probably agree with
A. Scientific spirit unites researchers in India.
B. The Foldscope facilitates science learning.
C. The Foldscope eases teaching workload.
D. Scientific spirit fuels headmasters’ enthusiasm.
隐含推断题。最后一段提到学生用Foldscope探索自然时，校长Indira观察到孩子们脸上“惊奇的表情(the look of amazement)”且“眼中闪光(their eyes light up)”，校长认为这是终身热爱科学的起点，直接体现Foldscope对科学学习的促进作用。由此可知，Indira Pandiarajan认为Foldscope能够促进科学学习。故选B项。
解析
积累
派生词 (cream+-y) creamy adj.像奶油的；光滑细腻的；含乳脂的；奶油色的；乳白色的
合成词 ①(water+proof) waterproof adj.不透水的；防水的；耐水的
②(tear+resistant) tear-resistant adj.抗撕裂的
语块 ①slip into放入 ②light up (使)光亮，放光彩；喜形于色；喜气洋洋
(2025·石家庄三模) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：科学研究
难度：★★★ ☆
Have you ever had something good happen to you and felt like shouting it from the rooftops Sharing positive events with others and receiving an enthusiastic response in return has been tied to many good outcomes, including closer relationships and greater happiness. Now, a new study suggests another benefit of sharing the good stuff： more feelings of gratitude.
The researchers started by asking 300 participants how often they tended to share good news, and how other people in their lives generally responded to their good news. Then, six times a day for 10 days, the researchers asked participants to report on how grateful they were in the moment, how recently they’d had a social encounter, whether they’d shared good news with that person, and how close they felt to the person as a result.
Afterward, the researchers analyzed the results to look for patterns. They found those who shared positive events with others felt more grateful in the moment and closer to the person with whom they shared the news. In addition, people with a tendency to share good news and receive enthusiastic responses were the most grateful in the group, overall.
Sharing good news calls attention to the good things happening in your life, says Alexandra Gray, study coauthor of Northeastern University. For example, you might tell a friend what a great time you had over the holidays, and in recounting what happened, you can re-experience the positive feelings and become even more appreciative.
Getting an enthusiastic response to your good news is also important, says Gray, because it makes you feel recognized, and cared for in a way that strengthens your relationship, and also leads to gratitude.
Though there’s still more research to be done, Gray suggests people not hold back on sharing their good news with others, or on showing enthusiasm when others share good news with them. We all have a role to play in helping positivity spread.
本文主要讲述一项新研究，表明分享好消息除了能带来如更亲密的关系和更大的幸福感等好处外，还能带来更多的感恩之情，并介绍了研究过程及分享好消息和对好消息给予热情回应的重要性。
9.How did the researchers conduct the study
A. By analyzing participants’ daily reports.
B. By observing participants’ social encounters.
C. By studying participants’ attitudes to sharing.
D. By tracking participants’ interactive behavior.
隐含推断题。第二段明确说明研究方法为“10天内每天6次收集参与者实时报告”(six times a day for 10 days和asked participants to report)，第三段首句“分析结果”(analyzed the results)进一步验证数据来源于这些实时报告。由此可知，研究人员是通过分析参与者的日常报告来进行研究的。故选A。
解析
10.What does the underlined word “recounting” probably mean in paragraph 4
A. Repeating. B. Analyzing.
C. Inquiring. D. Recalling.
词句猜测题。第四段首句提出研究者Alexandra Gray的观点：分享行为能让人关注生活中的积极事件。后续以“假期愉快经历分享”为例证明该观点，说明recounting发生了什么会重新体验积极情绪(re-experience the positive feelings)，从而变得更加感激(more appreciative)。由此推出，recounting与“分享(sharing)、讲述(telling)”相关，故指“回忆”或“复述”，与recalling “回忆”语义一致。故选D。
解析
11.What can we infer about positive responses to shared good news
A. They boost the sharer’s self-awareness.
B. They serve to confirm the listener’s opinions.
C. They are more influential if given by friends.
D. They make people more connected with others.
隐含推断题。第三段第二句说明研究发现：人们分享积极事件后和他们分享消息的人关系更亲密。第五段明确点出对分享的好消息的热情回应会加强关系，也会带来感恩之情。由此可推知积极回应能让人们与他人联系更紧密。故选D。make people more connected with others是feel closer to the person 和strengthens your relationship的同义转述。
解析
12.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To discuss the key to strong friendships.
B. To encourage people to share good news.
C. To compare ways people react to good news.
D. To analyze how gratitude improves happiness.
写作意图题。 最后一段研究者建议“不要克制分享好消息的行为”并强调“传播积极情绪的重要性”，旨在倡导分享行为。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们分享好消息。故选B。
干扰项：选项A(讨论友谊关键)片面；C(比较回应方式)未涉及；D(分析感恩如何增强幸福感)是研究结论而非写作目的。
解析
积累
派生词 ①(appreciate+-ive)appreciative adj.欣赏的；赏识的；感激的；感谢的 ②(positive+-ity) positivity n.积极性
语块 ①be tied to受……约束；受……限制 ②call attention to唤起对……的关注
