练6 推理判断题——写作意图题
限时18分钟
外刊原味6 体裁:说明文 主题语境:社会生活 难度:★★☆☆ @ The New York Times
When you walk along the towpaths lining London’s 100-mile network of canals, a life on the water can appear idyllic. The boats dotting the winding banks look impossibly charming, romantic and colorful. Even better, they’re cheap to acquire compared with buying a conventional land-based house or apartment in the city.
“It’s so peaceful here,” said David Ros, who has been living on the London waterways for 15 years. “I wake up in the morning and open the side door looking out over the river, and the ducks are waiting for me to feed them. It’s a really nice way to live.”
He bought his current houseboat six years ago for ￡30,000. Dating from 1940, it has an open kitchen, a bathroom with a shower and toilet, and a double bedroom. It’s a nice setup, if a bit crowded.
Mr. Ros says he’ll never live on dry land again, as he prefers being surrounded by nature. But the reality is, he probably couldn’t afford a place he wanted. Home prices remain out of reach for many in London, with an average sale price of about ￡508,000, a 50 percent increase over the past decade. Meanwhile, a two-bedroom houseboat will now run you around ￡190,000.
The option is almost too appealing—a new wave of residential boaters is stretching London’s canal support system past its limits. Boaters have been living on Britain’s canals since the industrial revolution. But according to the Canal & River Trust, which looks after the nation’s waterways system, the number of residential boats in London has ballooned by 86 percent over the past decade, to more than 4,000.
With all the new boats on the water, even this affordable living option is becoming less attainable. Mr. Ros’s winter coal supply costs ￡22 per bag, and he needs at least 20 bags for the season. Prices for diesel and gas are also up about 50 percent, and the basic price of a boat license is rising.
1.What does the underlined word “idyllic” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Appealing and disturbing. B. Simple and graceful.
C. Fashionable and romantic. D. Pleasant and peaceful.
2.What does David Ros think of his boat
A. Old-fashioned and pleasant. B. Poorly furnished for daily life.
C. Well-designed yet costly. D. Comfortable despite limited space.
3.Why does the author mention the Canal & River Trust
A. To show the affordability of houseboats. B. To make a convincing comparison.
C. To trace the history of houseboats. D. To confirm the present situation.
4.Why are houseboats losing affordability
A. More fuel consumption. B. Rising overall living costs.
C. Overcrowded waterways. D. Soaring land-based house prices.
(2025·青岛淄博二模) 体裁:记叙文 主题语境:科技创新与社会服务 难度:★★★☆☆
In spring 2017, Avila Pinedo and her classmates from Garey High School founded the school’s first invention club. Noticing their low-income community’s high diabetes (糖尿病) rate and insufficient healthcare access, the team planned to invent a toenail-cutting tool for diabetic patients. Surprisingly, after submitting the idea to Lemelson-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Lemelson-MIT), the Garey High group was awarded one of the 15 InvenTeams for 2017—2018.
Yet subsequently, the teens questioned their proposed invention due to sharp-tool risks. Concerned about the new direction, they approached the Lemelson-MIT Program for advice, where Leigh Estabrooks, a seasoned academic, encouraged them, “Invention advances, changes and adjustments are common—that’s the process.” Despite the change in plans, Estabrooks praised the community-centered approach.
With renewed determination, the team resolved to develop a tool to monitor blood oxygen levels in diabetics feet. This shift was essential and demanded considerable effort. Avila Pinedo recalled the team invested every spare moment in research.
Each team member performed specific functions in the process. Avila Pinedo led the development of the sensor (传感器) that measured blood oxygen levels. Lacking prior technical skills, Avila Pinedo determined to employ online resources to acquire how to build the electrical system and finally built the sensor. “Invention offers a chance to explore the boundaries of your creativity and capabilities and unlock the power of the invention mindset. It doesn’t mean you must know how to build a sensor, but you do need to take responsibility for your own education,” Pinedo said. Ultimately, under the team’s cooperation, their invention, named Heart and Sole, became a reality.
The experience lit Avila Pinedo’s passion, inspiring her to serve as an advisor to primary pupils recently. Guiding them through hands-on engineering and programming for a STEM initiative, she said, “Invention is transformational,” witnessing its empowering influence on InvenTeamers and others who realize that applying imagination and concepts can unlock fresh prospects, therefore motivating them to further explore education with the belief that invention is accessible to all.
5.What motivated the club’s invention
A. Expectation from Garey High School. B. Community health issues.
C. Regional income inequality. D. Requirements from InvenTeams.
6.Which of the following would Estabrooks agree concerning invention
A. Redesigns are natural. B. Original plans are the key.
C. Instructions determine success. D. Academic support counts.
7.What contributed to Avila Pinedo’s success in developing the sensor
A. Constant trials. B. Self-directed learning.
C. Financial backing. D. Risk-taking mindset.
8.What’s the purpose of the last paragraph
A. To introduce Avila Pinedo’s future plan. B. To show the prospect of Heart and Sole.
C. To acknowledge the InvenTeam’s devotion. D. To stress the nature and impact of invention.
(2025·广东联考) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:历史、社会与文化 难度:★★★☆
The history of food is deeply connected with the history of humanity. In Ways of Eating: Exploring Food through History and Culture, Benjamin Wurgaft and Merry White explore the complex ways that food has shaped and been shaped by human civilizations. This book argues food is more than just something we eat—it reflects our societies, economies and traditions.
Using stories from history and real-life examples, the authors explain how food connects basic survival needs with deeper cultural meanings. It is plainly organized, which helps readers follow food’s journey through time. Each chapter focuses on a theme, starting from the origins of agriculture to the challenges of modern industrial food systems. Short stories within chapters make history relatable. For example, a story about a Tuscan herb farmer shows how tradition conflicts with modern farming problems. This mix of big-picture history and personal tales keeps the book both educational and interesting. It covers topics like ancient crops and fast food, making sure no part of food’s story is missed.
The authors skillfully combine ideas from different fields. History, culture studies, and even environmental science work together to explain food’s role. One chapter discusses how crops like corn and potatoes spread globally after Columbus’ voyages, changing diets and economies worldwide. Wurgaft and White also use famous scholars’ theories to show how food bridges nature and human culture. For instance, it links the Industrial Revolution’s mass farming to both economic growth and environmental harm, proving food systems affect everyone.
Its critical reflection on contemporary food systems is both timely and significant. The authors examine the ethical, environmental and social implications of modern industrial food production, addressing issues like relying on single crops, which harms soil and ecosystems. These discussions are especially relevant in today’s context of growing awareness about sustainability and food justice. By connecting historical developments with present-day challenges, it encourages readers to consider the broader implications of their food choices.
9.What does paragraph 2 mainly discuss about the book
A. Its typical background. B. Its historical context.
C. Its main characteristics. D. Its cultural themes.
10.What do Wurgaft and White reveal about the Industrial Revolution
A. It advanced farming technology. B. It caused global crop exchanges.
C. It had mixed effects on society. D. It benefited from Columbus’ voyages.
11.What’s the author’s attitude to questioning modern food practices
A. Critical. B. Appreciative. C. Unclear. D. Doubtful.
12.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To review a book about food. B. To introduce a writing approach.
C. To explain a cultural phenomenon. D. To advertise a book on food history.
练6
英国伦敦房价很高,但人们会用相对较低的价格购置一艘船屋,随水而居。这样的水上生活如何 现在的船屋还一如既往的经济实惠吗
1.D 词句理解题。由下文提到的对点缀在蜿蜒的河堤的船的描述: look impossibly charming, romantic and colorful (迷人、浪漫、色彩绚烂)和下文David Ros的话“It’s so peaceful here”可推出, 沿着运河散步, 应该是发现水上的生活是平静祥和、充满诗意的, 故D项中的pleasant and peaceful (宜人且宁静)正确。
2.D 观点态度题。由第三段中的“It’s a nice setup, if a bit crowded. (虽然有些挤,但整体设计还是挺好的。)”可知,D项正确。comfortable转述nice, limited space转述crowded。
3.A 写作意图题。第五段第一句是该段主旨句,提到因为船屋价格实惠,新一波的船民正在使伦敦的运河支持系统超出其极限。接着利用Canal & River Trust提出数据:在过去10年里,伦敦住宅船只的数量激增了86%,达到4 000多艘。由此可知, 作者提到Canal & River Trust是为了证明船屋经济实惠。
4.B 隐含推断题。第四段最后一句提到船屋的价格在上涨,最后一段又提到柴油、天然气和船舶执照的价格的上涨,由此可知,购买成本和一些额外的成本的上涨已使得生活在船屋里越来越贵,故B项正确。
积累
重点词 winding adj.曲折的;弯曲的;蜿蜒的
派生词 ①(attain+-able=) attainable adj.可达到的;可获得的 ②(affordable+-ity=) affordability n.可购性;负担能力
熟词 生僻义 ①balloon熟义: n.气球 生僻义: v. (数量上)猛增 ②run熟义:v.跑;奔跑 生僻义:v.花费 ③impossibly熟义: adv.不可能地 生僻义: adv.极其;不可思议地
语块 out of reach力所不及;买不起
本文讲述了Avila Pinedo和她的同学在Garey高中成立发明俱乐部,最初计划为糖尿病患者设计剪脚趾甲工具,后因风险调整方向,最终开发监测足部血氧水平的设备,并强调了发明对个人和社区的影响。
5.B 细节理解题。首段明确提到团队注意到低收入社区的糖尿病高发率及医疗资源不足,这激发了他们发明一种剪脚趾甲的工具。原文的“community’s high diabetes rate and insufficient healthcare access”即社区的健康问题(Community health issues),故选B项。
6.A 推理判断题。根据第二段Leigh Estabrooks的话“发明进步、变化和调整是很常见的——这就是过程”可知,Leigh Estabrooks认为发明过程中变化和调整是很常见的,故A项“重新设计是自然的”符合其观点。
干扰项:B项“原计划是关键”与文中“change in plans”矛盾;C项“指导决定成功”片面(团队自主调整是关键);D项“学术支持重要”虽属实,但非Estabrooks的观点。
7.B 推理判断题。第四段第三句提到Avila Pinedo通过在线资源自主学习传感器技术,并最终创建了传感器,体现自主学习。第四段中Pinedo的话“对自己的教育负责”,明确自主学习的重要性。由此可知,Avila Pinedo通过自主学习获得成功,故选B项。
8.D 写作意图题。最后一段提到Pinedo 担任顾问指导小学生,强调“发明是变革性的(Invention is transformational)及发明的赋能性影响(its empowering influence)”,后续提到“运用想象力和概念可以开启新前途(applying imagination and concepts can unlock fresh prospects)、激励他们进一步探索教育(motivating them to further explore education)”和让“发明人人可及(invention is accessible to all)”。由此可知,本段目的是强调发明的本质(变革性的)和影响(赋能性、激励教育探索、让发明人人可及)。故选D项。
积累
重点词 ①unlock vt.发现;揭示;揭开 ②seasoned adj.富有经验的;老于此道的 ③empower vt.授权;给(某人)……的权力
派生词 ①(in-+sufficient)insufficient adj.不充分的;不足的;不够重要的 ②(transformation+-al) transformational adj.变革性的
合成词 community-centered adj.以社区为中心的
熟词 生僻义 academic熟义:adj.学业的,教学的,学术的 生僻义:n.高等院校教师;高校科研人员
语块 ①with renewed determination重燃决心 ②resolve to do sth.决心做某事 ③demand considerable effort需要付出巨大努力 ④light one’s passion点燃某人的热情
本文是对《Ways of Eating: Exploring Food through History and Culture》一书的评价,介绍了其主要内容和观点。
9.C 段落大意题。 第二段具体描述该书的特点:包括结构特点:“plainly organized”(结构清晰)“Each chapter focuses on a theme”(主题分章节);内容特点:“Short stories within chapters make history relatable”(章节中的短篇故事让历史变得易于理解)“mix of big-picture history and personal tales”(宏观历史与个人故事结合)和覆盖广度:“covers topics like ancient crops and fast food”(涵盖从古代作物到快餐等话题)等写作特点。由此可知,本段主要讨论了这本书的主要特点。故选C。
10.C 细节理解题。由第三段倒数第二句可知,Wurgaft和White还利用著名学者的理论说明食物是自然与人类文化的媒介。末句举例说明食物将工业革命的大规模农业与经济增长和环境破坏联系起来。由此可知,工业革命推动大规模农业带来经济增长的同时导致环境危害,体现了双重社会影响。故选C。
11.B 观点态度题。最后一段首句摆明了作者的态度:该书对当代食品体系的批判性反思既及时又具有重要意义。该段倒数第二句接着强调“在当下人们对可持续性和食物公平性意识日益增强的背景下,这些讨论尤为相关”。最后总结该书鼓励读者思考自己的食物选择所带来的更广泛影响。表态度的词 “timely”(及时)、 “significant”(重要)、 “relevant”(相关的)明确说明作者欣赏(appreciative)书中对现代食品工业的批判立场。 故选B。
12.A 写作意图题。首段引入书籍及其论点(食物史即人类文明史);主体段分析书籍内容特征、案例、跨学科方法;末段评价现实意义(timely and significant, relevant)。由此可知,本文结构符合典型书评特征:介绍内容→分析特色→评价价值。故选A。
积累
重点词 mixed adj.好坏参半的;矛盾的
语块 be deeply connected with与……紧密相连;和……密不可分(共40张PPT)
第一部分 阅读
练6 推理判断题——写作意图题
外刊原味6 体裁：说明文 主题语境：社会生活
难度：★★ ☆☆ @ The New York Times
When you walk along the towpaths lining London’s 100-mile network of canals, a life on the water can appear idyllic. The boats dotting the winding banks look impossibly charming, romantic and colorful. Even better, they’re cheap to acquire compared with buying a conventional land-based house or apartment in the city.
“It’s so peaceful here，” said David Ros, who has been living on the London waterways for 15 years. “I wake up in the morning and open the side door looking out over the river, and the ducks are waiting for me to feed them. It’s a really nice way to live.”
He bought his current houseboat six years ago for ￡30，000. Dating from 1940, it has an open kitchen, a bathroom with a shower and toilet, and a double bedroom. It’s a nice setup, if a bit crowded.
Mr. Ros says he’ll never live on dry land again, as he prefers being surrounded by nature. But the reality is, he probably couldn’t afford a place he wanted. Home prices remain out of reach for many in London, with an average sale price of about ￡508，000, a 50 percent increase over the past decade. Meanwhile, a two-bedroom houseboat will now run you around ￡190，000.
The option is almost too appealing—a new wave of residential boaters is stretching London’s canal support system past its limits. Boaters have been living on Britain’s canals since the industrial revolution. But according to the Canal & River Trust, which looks after the nation’s waterways system, the number of residential boats in London has ballooned by 86 percent over the past decade, to more than 4，000.
With all the new boats on the water, even this affordable living option is becoming less attainable. Mr. Ros’s winter coal supply costs ￡22 per bag, and he needs at least 20 bags for the season. Prices for diesel and gas are also up about 50 percent, and the basic price of a boat license is rising.
英国伦敦房价很高，但人们会用相对较低的价格购置一艘船屋，随水而居。这样的水上生活如何 现在的船屋还一如既往的经济实惠吗
1.What does the underlined word “idyllic” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Appealing and disturbing. B. Simple and graceful.
C. Fashionable and romantic. D. Pleasant and peaceful.
词句理解题。由下文提到的对点缀在蜿蜒的河堤的船的描述： look impossibly charming, romantic and colorful (迷人、浪漫、色彩绚烂)和下文David Ros的话“It’s so peaceful here”可推出, 沿着运河散步, 应该是发现水上的生活是平静祥和、充满诗意的, 故D项中的pleasant and peaceful (宜人且宁静)正确。
解析
2.What does David Ros think of his boat
A. Old-fashioned and pleasant.
B. Poorly furnished for daily life.
C. Well-designed yet costly.
D. Comfortable despite limited space.
观点态度题。由第三段中的“It’s a nice setup, if a bit crowded. (虽然有些挤，但整体设计还是挺好的。)”可知，D项正确。comfortable转述nice, limited space转述crowded。
解析
3.Why does the author mention the Canal & River Trust
A. To show the affordability of houseboats.
B. To make a convincing comparison.
C. To trace the history of houseboats.
D. To confirm the present situation.
写作意图题。第五段第一句是该段主旨句，提到因为船屋价格实惠，新一波的船民正在使伦敦的运河支持系统超出其极限。接着利用Canal & River Trust提出数据：在过去10年里，伦敦住宅船只的数量激增了86%，达到4 000多艘。由此可知, 作者提到Canal & River Trust是为了证明船屋经济实惠。
解析
4.Why are houseboats losing affordability
A. More fuel consumption. B. Rising overall living costs.
C. Overcrowded waterways. D. Soaring land-based house prices.
隐含推断题。第四段最后一句提到船屋的价格在上涨，最后一段又提到柴油、天然气和船舶执照的价格的上涨，由此可知，购买成本和一些额外的成本的上涨已使得生活在船屋里越来越贵，故B项正确。
解析
积累
重点词 winding adj.曲折的；弯曲的；蜿蜒的
派生词 ①(attain+-able=) attainable adj.可达到的；可获得的
②(affordable+-ity=) affordability n.可购性；负担能力
熟词 生僻义 ①balloon熟义： n.气球 生僻义： v. (数量上)猛增 ②run熟义：v.跑；奔跑 生僻义：v.花费 ③impossibly熟义： adv.不可能地 生僻义： adv.极其；不可思议地
语块 out of reach力所不及；买不起
(2025·青岛淄博二模) 体裁：记叙文 主题语境：科技创新与社会服务 难度：★★★☆☆
In spring 2017, Avila Pinedo and her classmates from Garey High School founded the school’s first invention club. Noticing their low-income community’s high diabetes (糖尿病) rate and insufficient healthcare access, the team planned to invent a toenail-cutting tool for diabetic patients. Surprisingly, after submitting the idea to Lemelson-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Lemelson-MIT), the Garey High group was awarded one of the 15 InvenTeams for 2017—2018.
Yet subsequently, the teens questioned their proposed invention due to sharp-tool risks. Concerned about the new direction, they approached the Lemelson-MIT Program for advice, where Leigh Estabrooks, a seasoned academic, encouraged them, “Invention advances, changes and adjustments are common—that’s the process.” Despite the change in plans, Estabrooks praised the community-centered approach.
With renewed determination, the team resolved to develop a tool to monitor blood oxygen levels in diabetics feet. This shift was essential and demanded considerable effort. Avila Pinedo recalled the team invested every spare moment in research.
Each team member performed specific functions in the process. Avila Pinedo led the development of the sensor (传感器) that measured blood oxygen levels. Lacking prior technical skills, Avila Pinedo determined to
employ online resources to acquire how to build the electrical system and finally built the sensor. “Invention offers a chance to explore the boundaries of your creativity and capabilities and unlock the power of the invention mindset. It doesn’t mean you must know how to build a sensor, but you do need to take responsibility for your own education，” Pinedo said. Ultimately, under the team’s cooperation, their invention, named Heart and Sole, became a reality.
The experience lit Avila Pinedo’s passion, inspiring her to serve as an advisor to primary pupils recently. Guiding them through hands-on engineering and programming for a STEM initiative, she said, “Invention is transformational，” witnessing its empowering influence on InvenTeamers and others who realize that applying imagination and concepts can unlock fresh prospects, therefore motivating them to further explore education with the belief that invention is accessible to all.
本文讲述了Avila Pinedo和她的同学在Garey高中成立发明俱乐部，最初计划为糖尿病患者设计剪脚趾甲工具，后因风险调整方向，最终开发监测足部血氧水平的设备，并强调了发明对个人和社区的影响。
5.What motivated the club’s invention
A. Expectation from Garey High School.
B. Community health issues.
C. Regional income inequality.
D. Requirements from InvenTeams.
细节理解题。首段明确提到团队注意到低收入社区的糖尿病高发率及医疗资源不足，这激发了他们发明一种剪脚趾甲的工具。原文的“community’s high diabetes rate and insufficient healthcare access”即社区的健康问题(Community health issues)，故选B项。
解析
6.Which of the following would Estabrooks agree concerning invention
A. Redesigns are natural.
B. Original plans are the key.
C. Instructions determine success.
D. Academic support counts.
推理判断题。根据第二段Leigh Estabrooks的话“发明进步、变化和调整是很常见的——这就是过程”可知，Leigh Estabrooks认为发明过程中变化和调整是很常见的，故A项“重新设计是自然的”符合其观点。
干扰项：B项“原计划是关键”与文中“change in plans”矛盾；C项“指导决定成功”片面(团队自主调整是关键)；D项“学术支持重要”虽属实，但非Estabrooks的观点。
解析
7.What contributed to Avila Pinedo’s success in developing the sensor
A. Constant trials. B. Self-directed learning.
C. Financial backing. D. Risk-taking mindset.
推理判断题。第四段第三句提到Avila Pinedo通过在线资源自主学习传感器技术，并最终创建了传感器，体现自主学习。第四段中Pinedo的话“对自己的教育负责”，明确自主学习的重要性。由此可知，Avila Pinedo通过自主学习获得成功，故选B项。
解析
8.What’s the purpose of the last paragraph
A. To introduce Avila Pinedo’s future plan.
B. To show the prospect of Heart and Sole.
C. To acknowledge the InvenTeam’s devotion.
D. To stress the nature and impact of invention.
写作意图题。最后一段提到Pinedo 担任顾问指导小学生，强调“发明是变革性的(Invention is transformational)及发明的赋能性影响(its empowering influence)”，后续提到“运用想象力和概念可以开启新前途(applying imagination and concepts can unlock fresh prospects)、激励他们进一步探索教育(motivating them to further explore education)”和让“发明人人可及(invention is accessible to all)”。由此可知，本段目的是强调发明的本质(变革性的)和影响(赋能性、激励教育探索、让发明人人可及)。故选D项。
解析
积累
重点词 ①unlock vt.发现；揭示；揭开 ②seasoned adj.富有经验的；老于此道的 ③empower vt.授权；给(某人)……的权力
派生词 ①(in-+sufficient)insufficient adj.不充分的；不足的；不够重要的 ②(transformation+-al) transformational adj.变革性的
合成词 community-centered adj.以社区为中心的
熟词 生僻义 academic熟义：adj.学业的，教学的，学术的
生僻义：n.高等院校教师；高校科研人员
语块 ①with renewed determination重燃决心 ②resolve to do sth.决心做某事 ③demand considerable effort需要付出巨大努力 ④light one’s passion点燃某人的热情
(2025·广东联考) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：历史、社会与文化 难度：★★★ ☆
The history of food is deeply connected with the history of humanity. In Ways of Eating： Exploring Food through History and Culture, Benjamin Wurgaft and Merry White explore the complex ways that food has shaped and been shaped by human civilizations. This book argues food is more than just something we eat—it reflects our societies, economies and traditions.
Using stories from history and real-life examples, the authors explain how food connects basic survival needs with deeper cultural meanings. It is plainly organized, which helps readers follow food’s journey through time. Each chapter focuses on a theme, starting from the origins of agriculture to the challenges of modern industrial food systems. Short stories within chapters make history relatable. For example, a story about a Tuscan herb farmer shows how tradition conflicts with modern farming problems. This mix of big-picture history and personal tales keeps the book both educational and interesting. It covers topics like ancient crops and fast food, making sure no part of food’s story is missed.
The authors skillfully combine ideas from different fields. History, culture studies, and even environmental science work together to explain food’s role. One chapter discusses how crops like corn and potatoes spread globally after Columbus’ voyages, changing diets and economies worldwide. Wurgaft and White also use famous scholars’ theories to show how food bridges nature and human culture. For instance, it links the Industrial Revolution’s mass farming to both economic growth and environmental harm, proving food systems affect everyone.
Its critical reflection on contemporary food systems is both timely and significant. The authors examine the ethical, environmental and social implications of modern industrial food production, addressing issues like relying on single crops, which harms soil and ecosystems. These discussions are especially relevant in today’s context of growing awareness about sustainability and food justice. By connecting historical developments with present-day challenges, it encourages readers to consider the broader implications of their food choices.
本文是对《Ways of Eating： Exploring Food through History and Culture》一书的评价，介绍了其主要内容和观点。
9.What does paragraph 2 mainly discuss about the book
A. Its typical background.
B. Its historical context.
C. Its main characteristics.
D. Its cultural themes.
段落大意题。 第二段具体描述该书的特点：包括结构特点：“plainly organized”(结构清晰)“Each chapter focuses on a theme”(主题分章节)；内容特点：“Short stories within chapters make history relatable”(章节中的短篇故事让历史变得易于理解)“mix of big-picture history and personal tales”(宏观历史与个人故事结合)和覆盖广度：“covers topics like ancient crops and fast food”(涵盖从古代作物到快餐等话题)等写作特点。由此可知，本段主要讨论了这本书的主要特点。故选C。
解析
10.What do Wurgaft and White reveal about the Industrial Revolution
A. It advanced farming technology.
B. It caused global crop exchanges.
C. It had mixed effects on society.
D. It benefited from Columbus’ voyages.
细节理解题。由第三段倒数第二句可知，Wurgaft和White还利用著名学者的理论说明食物是自然与人类文化的媒介。末句举例说明食物将工业革命的大规模农业与经济增长和环境破坏联系起来。由此可知，工业革命推动大规模农业带来经济增长的同时导致环境危害，体现了双重社会影响。故选C。
解析
11.What’s the author’s attitude to questioning modern food practices
A. Critical. B. Appreciative.
C. Unclear. D. Doubtful.
观点态度题。最后一段首句摆明了作者的态度：该书对当代食品体系的批判性反思既及时又具有重要意义。该段倒数第二句接着强调“在当下人们对可持续性和食物公平性意识日益增强的背景下，这些讨论尤为相关”。最后总结该书鼓励读者思考自己的食物选择所带来的更广泛影响。表态度的词 “timely”(及时)、 “significant”(重要)、 “relevant”(相关的)明确说明作者欣赏(appreciative)书中对现代食品工业的批判立场。 故选B。
解析
12.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To review a book about food.
B. To introduce a writing approach.
C. To explain a cultural phenomenon.
D. To advertise a book on food history.
写作意图题。首段引入书籍及其论点(食物史即人类文明史)；主体段分析书籍内容特征、案例、跨学科方法；末段评价现实意义(timely and significant，relevant)。由此可知，本文结构符合典型书评特征：介绍内容→分析特色→评价价值。故选A。
解析
积累
重点词 mixed adj.好坏参半的；矛盾的
语块 be deeply connected with与……紧密相连；和……密不可分
