练9 推理判断题——写作手法/文章内容推测题
限时18分钟
外刊原味9 体裁:说明文 主题语境:人与植物 难度:★★★☆☆ @ The New York Times
I was on the phone with a friend the other day while gently dusting the leaves on my plant. As the sun bathed each shining leaf, I grew more peaceful. I felt like climbing into the pot and resting for a while.
Immersing yourself in nature is good for you. Being outdoors has been shown to improve your mood, concentration and mental health, among other things. But indoor green spaces, even small ones, have benefits for our physical and mental well-being, too.
Viewing nature indoors, one review of the scientific literature suggested, can lower your heart rate and blood pressure. The presence of plants in a hospital room has been shown to reduce pain and anxiety in patients.
If you’re a beginner, some of the best houseplants are pothos, a ZZ plant and a snake plant, said Christopher Griffin, known on social media as Plant Kween and the author of “You Grow, Gurl.” They’re easy to find, they have distinct personalities, and generally, they are on the easier side of care. Touching soil, even if it’s in pots, may improve your health as well. Dirt can benefit your microbiome (微生物群系), with possible benefits like a stronger immune system.
Tend yourself while tending your plants. When Griffin is ministering to the 202 plants in their apartment, they use it as an opportunity to check in with themselves: Am I getting enough water Enough sunlight today They turn plant care into a meditative ritual (仪式). “Sometimes it’s just me, myself and my ‘green gurls’,” they said, “so I’ll pour some wine and put on some music.” Or they’ll pick up the phone and call someone. “I’ve had some best conversations with friends while watering my plants,” they said.
I now have five “plant buddies (朋友)” at my desk. And when I mist them, I stealthily give myself a little spray, too.
1.How does the author introduce the topic
A. By citing scientific research. B. By describing a personal experience.
C. By quoting an author. D. By offering expert recommendations.
2.What is advised for beginners regarding houseplants according to Christopher Griffin
A. Touch soil to boost personal health. B. Link self-care to plant rituals.
C. Choose low-maintenance green species. D. Prioritize rare plants for uniqueness.
3.What do the underlined words “ministering to” probably refer to in paragraph 5
A. Adapting to. B. Checking out.
C. Coping with. D. Caring for.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Indoor Greens Maximize Happiness B. Tend Yourself While Gardening
C. Houseplants Can Make You Healthier D. Grow Peaceful Alongside Plants
(2025·湖北协作体三模) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:自然生态 难度:★★☆☆☆
“A lot of the time when climate change is discussed in mainstream media, people are asking ‘can humans overcome this ’, or ‘what technology can solve this ’. It’s high time we recognized that animals also have to adapt to various changes. We know some animals change their skin colors to escape from natural enemies or due to environment pollution,” says Ryding. “The climate change that we have created is putting a lot of pressure on them, and some species try to adapt by shapeshifting (变形).”
Strong shapeshifting has particularly been reported in birds. Several species of Australian parrot have shown, on average, a 4%~10% increase in beak (鸟喙) size since 1871, and this is positively linked with the summer temperature each year. North American dark-eyed juncos, a type of small songbird, had a link between increased beak size and short-term temperature extremes in cold environments. There have also been reported changes in mammalian species. Researchers have reported tail length increases in wood mice and leg size increases in masked shrews (鼩鼱).
“The increases in some body parts size we see so far are quite small—less than 10%—so the changes are unlikely to be immediately noticeable,” says Ryding. “However, some body parts such as ears are predicted to increase.”
Ryding intends to investigate shapeshifting in Australian birds firsthand by 3D scanning museum bird specimens from the past 100 years. It will give her team a better understanding of which birds are changing their body parts and why. “Shapeshifting does not mean that animals are coping with climate change and that all is ‘fine’,” says Ryding. “It just means they are adapting to survive it—but we’re not sure what the other ecological consequences of these changes are, or indeed that all species are capable of changing and surviving.”
5.What may cause animals’ shapeshifting according to Ryding
A. Human hunting. B. Climate change.
C. Natural enemies. D. Polluted surroundings.
6.What method does the author mainly use to develop paragraph 2
A. Giving examples. B. Cause-effect analysis.
C. Making comparison. D. Process analysis.
7.What can we know from Ryding’s words in the last paragraph
A. Animals can well adapt to changes and survive.
B. Influence of animals’ shapeshifting is uncertain.
C. Rdying will research into bird museums in Australia.
D. The adaptation of animals to climate change is beneficial.
8.In which section of a newspaper can we find the text
A. Technology. B. Health care. C. Environment. D. Education.
(2025·福州福九联盟三模改编) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:社会生活 难度:★★★☆
Older people traditionally struggle with new tech, but it doesn’t have to be this way. With the right design, even the most unwilling user can obtain the benefits.
A lack of understanding of technology and its benefits, along with difficulty in using hi-tech products, such as a smartphone or computer, leads to the result that many seniors hesitate to migrate from the old to the new. This is a mistake.
Older people themselves must consider whether they want to embrace new technology, or let the benefits pass them by. Technology, often in the form of social media, has enabled seniors to meet new friends, keep in touch with old ones and learn new skills.
The reasons why some older people adopt new technology are likely to be twofold: they’re forced to do so and they want to make their lives easier. These reasons are important for anyone who realizes seniors need to be convinced to engage with technology to consider.
Adopting new technology is often imperative for modern people to do, yet some elderly still insist, “I have managed before without technology. Why do I have to use it now ”
Seniors often become frustrated with technology. “It’s not working,” is a complaint co-author Lucia heard many times from her late father, especially when it came to his cell phone—and he used technology well, for the most part. Often, the problem was that he was unable to use the small keypad (键盘) on his phone or read the letter size of the words in text messages he received.
One issue that needs to be addressed is the design of technology. Seniors want web pages to be simple and clear, and navigation easy. One study from 2005 shows that many seniors like a website to be user-friendly with a simple interface (界面).
“A simpler and more uniformly designed Internet would help to break down the psychological barriers outlined,” it states. While that study was carried out years ago, this problem with web design still stands.
9.Why do older people hesitate to embrace new techs
A. They misunderstand computer’s design.
B. They are unwilling to embrace the new.
C. They lack access to digital devices.
D. They have difficulty using technological products.
10.What does the example of Lucia’s father tell us in paragraph 6
A. Seniors often feel upset about new technologies.
B. Seniors always face the breakdown of smartphones.
C. Seniors refuse to use the small keypad on their phone.
D. Seniors can’t understand the text messages they received.
11.What might be discussed in the next paragraph
A. Ways for web-designers to make Internet easier to navigate.
B. Psychological barriers of seniors to adopt new technology.
C. Methods of tackling computer breakdowns.
D. Other researches related to seniors’ dissatisfaction.
12.What is the best title for the passage
A. To Use or Not to Use: a Technological Dilemma
B. Exploring Benefits for Seniors to Accept Hi-techs
C. To Say Yes to the Smartphone: a Beautiful Mistake
D. Bridging the Gap Between Seniors and Technology
练9
养绿植在放松休闲的同时,也能改善身心健康(降压止痛/增强免疫)。
1.B 写作手法题。文章开篇描述了作者“在打电话时轻轻擦拭植物叶片,在阳光沐浴下感到平静”的个人经历,第二段引出“沉浸在自然中有益健康”的主题。因此,作者是通过“描述个人经历”引入话题的。
2.C 推理判断题。Christopher Griffin明确提到,适合初学者的植物是pothos, ZZ plant, snake plant,并指出它们“easy to find”“on the easier side of care”(易养护)。由此可知,他建议初学者选择“低维护成本的植物品种”。
3.D 词句猜测题。由该段的“照顾植物时照顾自己(Tend yourself while tending your plants)”和“将植物养护变成冥想仪式(turn plant care into a meditative ritual)”说明ministering to=tending (照料), 故D项Caring for (照料)与画线词同义。
4.C 标题归纳题。全文围绕“室内植物对健康的积极影响”展开,这一主线贯穿始终:开篇用个人体验引入(擦净植物叶片灰尘带来的宁静感),第二段提出室内绿植有益身心的观点,然后引用科学依据(降心率/止痛)、实践指导(新手植物推荐)、精神升华(护理植物即自我关怀)三个层次展开,最后回归个人体验强化主题。即使第五段提到“在养护植物时关照自己”,也是以“植物对健康的益处”为前提,强调“借照料植物获得健康”。故“Houseplants Can Make You Healthier”(室内植物能让你更健康)概括文章主旨——室内植物对健康的多维度益处(生理+心理),是最贴合的标题。
积累
重点词 stealthily adv.暗地里;偷偷摸摸地
语块 ①among other things等等;除此之外 ②scientific literature科学文献 健康表达:③lower one’s heart rate and blood pressure降低心率和血压 ④reduce pain and anxiety减少痛苦和焦虑 ⑤have benefits for 对……有益 ⑥on the easier side of care从护理的简易角度来说 ⑦check in with了解某人状态 ⑧put on some music播放音乐 ⑨pick up拿起
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些动物为了适应气候等环境变化身体某些部位的变形。
5.B 细节理解题。首段Ryding明确指出“气候变化是人类造成的,给动物带来压力”,并强调动物通过变形(shapeshifting)适应这种变化。故选B项。
6.A 推断写作手法题。第二段首句“Strong shapeshifting has particularly been reported in birds”为主旨句,其后介绍3个具体例子:澳大利亚鹦鹉鸟喙增大4%~10%(夏季气温)、北美暗眼灯草雀鸟喙增大(寒冷环境极端气温)、林鼠尾巴变长、鼩鼱腿部增大。这些实例均用于证明动物变形与气候变化有关,属于例证法。故选A项。
7.B 推理判断题。 最后一段中Ryding强调“变形并不意味着动物成功应对气候变化”,并指出“其他生态后果尚不明确”。由此可知,动物变形会带来什么样的影响,现在尚未可知。故选B项。
8.C 文章出处题。本文主要介绍了一些动物为了适应气候等环境变化,发生身体某些部位的变形,推测文章可能出自报纸的环境部分。故选C项。
积累
派生词 (notice+-able)noticeable adj.显著的;显而易见的
语块 ①cope with (成功地)对付,处理(manage) ②be capable of有能力;有才能
本文主要介绍了老年人在当今社会面临新科技的冲击,拒绝或犹豫使用新技术、新产品的现状。本文也提出了应对这一问题的解决措施。
9.D 细节理解题。第二段提到:由于缺乏对科技及其好处的了解,再加上难以使用智能手机或电脑等高科技产品,导致许多老年人对从旧产品转向新产品犹豫不决。由此可知,老年人面对新科技时犹豫不决的原因是缺乏对科技和其益处的理解和认识,使用高科技产品时有困难。故选D。
10.A 推理判断题。 第六段首句直接点明:老年人常对科技感到挫败,又提到Lucia的父亲尽管“大部分时间能很好使用科技”,但仍因设计问题(如键盘尺寸和字体大小)频繁抱怨“用不了”。由此可知作者提到露西亚父亲的例子(反复抱怨“用不了”)是为了说明本段首句“老年人常对科技感到挫败”。故选A。feel upset about是原文become frustrated with的同义转述。
11.A 推断文章内容题。第七段首句提出“需解决的关键问题是技术设计”,接着引用2005年研究结论:老年人偏爱用户友好型界面(user-friendly with a simple interface)。研究强调:更简单、设计更统一互联网有助打破心理障碍。第七段第二句提出老年人需要“简洁清晰的网页”和“简易导航”。尾段末句转折:但设计问题至今未解决(this problem with web design still stands)。“still stands” 强烈暗示问题仍存在,故下文应承接此问题,讨论具体改进设计的方法,故选A。
12.D 标题归纳题。 全文围绕老年人使用新技术时面临的困难及解决方案展开,文章既分析问题(使用困难、设计缺陷),又提出解决方向(简化设计),选项D“弥合老年人和技术鸿沟”涵盖这一双向过程。尾段中的“break down the psychological barriers”(打破障碍)与“bridging the gap”(弥合鸿沟)直接对应。故选D。
干扰项:选项A(使用与否的困境)片面聚焦矛盾,未体现解决路径;选项B(探索技术益处)仅覆盖部分内容;选项C(智能手机的错误)偏离主题。
积累
重点词 embrace vt.欣然接受,乐意采纳
熟词 生僻义 address熟义:n.住址;地址;通信处 生僻义:vt.设法解决;处理;对付
语块 ①keep in touch with与……保持联系 ②for the most part多半;通常 ③break down损坏,出故障;破裂,失败;分解;(精神)崩溃(共37张PPT)
第一部分 阅读
练9 推理判断题——写作手法/文章内容推测题
外刊原味9 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与植物
难度：★★★☆☆ @ The New York Times
I was on the phone with a friend the other day while gently dusting the leaves on my plant. As the sun bathed each shining leaf, I grew more peaceful. I felt like climbing into the pot and resting for a while.
Immersing yourself in nature is good for you. Being outdoors has been shown to improve your mood, concentration and mental health, among other things. But indoor green spaces, even small ones, have benefits for our physical and mental well-being, too.
Viewing nature indoors, one review of the scientific literature suggested, can lower your heart rate and blood pressure. The presence of plants in a hospital room has been shown to reduce pain and anxiety in patients.
If you’re a beginner, some of the best houseplants are pothos, a ZZ plant and a snake plant, said Christopher Griffin, known on social media as Plant Kween and the author of “You Grow, Gurl.” They’re easy to find, they have distinct personalities, and generally, they are on the easier side of care. Touching soil, even if it’s in pots, may improve your health as well. Dirt can benefit your microbiome (微生物群系), with possible benefits like a stronger immune system.
Tend yourself while tending your plants. When Griffin is ministering to the 202 plants in their apartment, they use it as an opportunity to check in with themselves： Am I getting enough water Enough sunlight today They turn plant care into a meditative ritual (仪式). “Sometimes it’s just me, myself and my ‘green gurls’，” they said, “so I’ll pour some wine and put on some music.” Or they’ll pick up the phone and call someone. “I’ve had some best conversations with friends while watering my plants，” they said.
I now have five “plant buddies (朋友)” at my desk. And when I mist them, I stealthily give myself a little spray, too.
养绿植在放松休闲的同时，也能改善身心健康(降压止痛/增强免疫)。
1.How does the author introduce the topic
A. By citing scientific research.
B. By describing a personal experience.
C. By quoting an author.
D. By offering expert recommendations.
写作手法题。文章开篇描述了作者“在打电话时轻轻擦拭植物叶片，在阳光沐浴下感到平静”的个人经历，第二段引出“沉浸在自然中有益健康”的主题。因此，作者是通过“描述个人经历”引入话题的。
解析
2.What is advised for beginners regarding houseplants according to Christopher Griffin
A. Touch soil to boost personal health.
B. Link self-care to plant rituals.
C. Choose low-maintenance green species.
D. Prioritize rare plants for uniqueness.
推理判断题。Christopher Griffin明确提到，适合初学者的植物是pothos, ZZ plant, snake plant，并指出它们“easy to find”“on the easier side of care”(易养护)。由此可知，他建议初学者选择“低维护成本的植物品种”。
解析
3.What do the underlined words “ministering to” probably refer to in paragraph 5
A. Adapting to. B. Checking out.
C. Coping with. D. Caring for.
词句猜测题。由该段的“照顾植物时照顾自己(Tend yourself while tending your plants)”和“将植物养护变成冥想仪式(turn plant care into a meditative ritual)”说明ministering to=tending (照料), 故D项Caring for (照料)与画线词同义。
解析
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Indoor Greens Maximize Happiness
B. Tend Yourself While Gardening
C. Houseplants Can Make You Healthier
D. Grow Peaceful Alongside Plants
标题归纳题。全文围绕“室内植物对健康的积极影响”展开，这一主线贯穿始终：开篇用个人体验引入(擦净植物叶片灰尘带来的宁静
解析
感)，第二段提出室内绿植有益身心的观点，然后引用科学依据(降心率/止痛)、实践指导(新手植物推荐)、精神升华(护理植物即自我关怀)三个层次展开，最后回归个人体验强化主题。即使第五段提到“在养护植物时关照自己”，也是以“植物对健康的益处”为前提，强调“借照料植物获得健康”。故“Houseplants Can Make You Healthier”(室内植物能让你更健康)概括文章主旨——室内植物对健康的多维度益处(生理+心理)，是最贴合的标题。
解析
积累
重点词 stealthily adv.暗地里；偷偷摸摸地
语块 ①among other things等等；除此之外 ②scientific literature科学文献
健康表达：③lower one’s heart rate and blood pressure降低心率和血压 ④reduce pain and anxiety减少痛苦和焦虑 ⑤have benefits for 对……有益 ⑥on the easier side of care从护理的简易角度来说 ⑦check in with了解某人状态 ⑧put on some music播放音乐 ⑨pick up拿起
(2025·湖北协作体三模) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：自然生态
难度：★★☆☆☆
“A lot of the time when climate change is discussed in mainstream media, people are asking ‘can humans overcome this ’, or ‘what technology can solve this ’. It’s high time we recognized that animals also have to adapt to various changes. We know some animals change their skin colors to escape from natural enemies or due to environment pollution，” says Ryding. “The climate change that we have created is putting a lot of pressure on them, and some species try to adapt by shapeshifting (变形).”
Strong shapeshifting has particularly been reported in birds. Several species of Australian parrot have shown, on average, a 4%~10% increase in beak (鸟喙) size since 1871, and this is positively linked with the summer temperature each year. North American dark-eyed juncos, a type of small songbird, had a link between increased beak size and short-term temperature extremes in cold environments. There have also been reported changes in mammalian species. Researchers have reported tail length increases in wood mice and leg size increases in masked shrews (鼩鼱).
“The increases in some body parts size we see so far are quite small—less than 10%—so the changes are unlikely to be immediately noticeable，” says Ryding. “However, some body parts such as ears are predicted to increase.”
Ryding intends to investigate shapeshifting in Australian birds firsthand by 3D scanning museum bird specimens from the past 100 years. It will give her team a better understanding of which birds are changing
their body parts and why. “Shapeshifting does not mean that animals are coping with climate change and that all is ‘fine’，” says Ryding. “It just means they are adapting to survive it—but we’re not sure what the other ecological consequences of these changes are, or indeed that all species are capable of changing and surviving.”
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些动物为了适应气候等环境变化身体某些部位的变形。
5.What may cause animals’ shapeshifting according to Ryding
A. Human hunting. B. Climate change.
C. Natural enemies. D. Polluted surroundings.
细节理解题。首段Ryding明确指出“气候变化是人类造成的，给动物带来压力”，并强调动物通过变形(shapeshifting)适应这种变化。故选B项。
解析
6.What method does the author mainly use to develop paragraph 2
A. Giving examples. B. Cause-effect analysis.
C. Making comparison. D. Process analysis.
推断写作手法题。第二段首句“Strong shapeshifting has particularly been reported in birds”为主旨句，其后介绍3个具体例子：澳大利亚鹦鹉鸟喙增大4%~10%(夏季气温)、北美暗眼灯草雀鸟喙增大(寒冷环境极端气温)、林鼠尾巴变长、鼩鼱腿部增大。这些实例均用于证明动物变形与气候变化有关，属于例证法。故选A项。
解析
7.What can we know from Ryding’s words in the last paragraph
A. Animals can well adapt to changes and survive.
B. Influence of animals’ shapeshifting is uncertain.
C. Rdying will research into bird museums in Australia.
D. The adaptation of animals to climate change is beneficial.
推理判断题。 最后一段中Ryding强调“变形并不意味着动物成功应对气候变化”，并指出“其他生态后果尚不明确”。由此可知，动物变形会带来什么样的影响，现在尚未可知。故选B项。
解析
8.In which section of a newspaper can we find the text
A. Technology. B. Health care.
C. Environment. D. Education.
文章出处题。本文主要介绍了一些动物为了适应气候等环境变化，发生身体某些部位的变形，推测文章可能出自报纸的环境部分。故选C项。
解析
积累
派生词 (notice+-able)noticeable adj.显著的；显而易见的
语块 ①cope with (成功地)对付，处理(manage)
②be capable of有能力；有才能
(2025·福州福九联盟三模改编) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：社会生活 难度：★★★ ☆
Older people traditionally struggle with new tech, but it doesn’t have to be this way. With the right design, even the most unwilling user can obtain the benefits.
A lack of understanding of technology and its benefits, along with difficulty in using hi-tech products, such as a smartphone or computer, leads to the result that many seniors hesitate to migrate from the old to the new. This is a mistake.
Older people themselves must consider whether they want to embrace new technology, or let the benefits pass them by. Technology, often in the form of social media, has enabled seniors to meet new friends, keep in touch with old ones and learn new skills.
The reasons why some older people adopt new technology are likely to be twofold： they’re forced to do so and they want to make their lives easier. These reasons are important for anyone who realizes seniors need to be convinced to engage with technology to consider.
Adopting new technology is often imperative for modern people to do, yet some elderly still insist, “I have managed before without technology. Why do I have to use it now ”
Seniors often become frustrated with technology. “It’s not working，” is a complaint co-author Lucia heard many times from her late father, especially when it came to his cell phone—and he used technology well, for the most part. Often, the problem was that he was unable to use the small keypad (键盘) on his phone or read the letter size of the words in
text messages he received.
One issue that needs to be addressed is the design of technology. Seniors want web pages to be simple and clear, and navigation easy. One study from 2005 shows that many seniors like a website to be user-friendly with a simple interface (界面).
“A simpler and more uniformly designed Internet would help to break down the psychological barriers outlined，” it states. While that study was carried out years ago, this problem with web design still stands.
本文主要介绍了老年人在当今社会面临新科技的冲击，拒绝或犹豫使用新技术、新产品的现状。本文也提出了应对这一问题的解决措施。
9.Why do older people hesitate to embrace new techs
A. They misunderstand computer’s design.
B. They are unwilling to embrace the new.
C. They lack access to digital devices.
D. They have difficulty using technological products.
细节理解题。第二段提到：由于缺乏对科技及其好处的了解，再加上难以使用智能手机或电脑等高科技产品，导致许多老年人对从旧产品转向新产品犹豫不决。由此可知，老年人面对新科技时犹豫不决的原因是缺乏对科技和其益处的理解和认识，使用高科技产品时有困难。故选D。
解析
10.What does the example of Lucia’s father tell us in paragraph 6
A. Seniors often feel upset about new technologies.
B. Seniors always face the breakdown of smartphones.
C. Seniors refuse to use the small keypad on their phone.
D. Seniors can’t understand the text messages they received.
推理判断题。 第六段首句直接点明：老年人常对科技感到挫败，又提到Lucia的父亲尽管“大部分时间能很好使用科技”，但仍因设计问题(如键盘尺寸和字体大小)频繁抱怨“用不了”。由此可知作者提到露西亚父亲的例子(反复抱怨“用不了”)是为了说明本段首句
“老年人常对科技感到挫败”。故选A。feel upset about是原文become frustrated with的同义转述。
解析
11.What might be discussed in the next paragraph
A. Ways for web-designers to make Internet easier to navigate.
B. Psychological barriers of seniors to adopt new technology.
C. Methods of tackling computer breakdowns.
D. Other researches related to seniors’ dissatisfaction.
推断文章内容题。第七段首句提出“需解决的关键问题是技术设计”，接着引用2005年研究结论：老年人偏爱用户友好型界面(user-friendly with a simple interface)。研究强调：更简单、设计更统一互联网有助打破心理障碍。第七段第二句提出老年人需要“简洁清晰的网页”和“简易导航”。尾段末句转折：但设计问题至今未解决(this problem with web design still stands)。“still stands” 强烈暗示问题仍存在，故下文应承接此问题，讨论具体改进设计的方法，故选A。
解析
12.What is the best title for the passage
A. To Use or Not to Use： a Technological Dilemma
B. Exploring Benefits for Seniors to Accept Hi-techs
C. To Say Yes to the Smartphone： a Beautiful Mistake
D. Bridging the Gap Between Seniors and Technology
标题归纳题。 全文围绕老年人使用新技术时面临的困难及解决方案展开，文章既分析问题(使用困难、设计缺陷)，又提出解决方向(简化设计)，选项D“弥合老年人和技术鸿沟”涵盖这一双向过程。尾段中的“break down the psychological barriers”(打破障碍)与“bridging the gap”(弥合鸿沟)直接对应。故选D。
干扰项：选项A(使用与否的困境)片面聚焦矛盾，未体现解决路径;选项B(探索技术益处)仅覆盖部分内容；选项C(智能手机的错误)偏离主题。
解析
积累
重点词 embrace vt.欣然接受，乐意采纳
熟词 生僻义 address熟义：n.住址；地址；通信处 生僻义：vt.设法解决；处理；对付
语块 ①keep in touch with与……保持联系 ②for the most part多半；通常 ③break down损坏，出故障；破裂，失败；分解；(精神)崩溃
