练10 主旨大意题——段落大意题
限时18分钟
外刊原味10 体裁:说明文 主题语境:社会发展 难度:★★★☆ @ The Financial Times
Stand in central Paris, look around you, and the roads, offices and flats are packed. Only one (vast) bit of the city centre is almost empty: the river. Most cities were built on rivers. People originally settled in Paris because of the Seine, and in London for the Thames. A third of New York City’s surface area is water.
The Industrial Revolution ruined rivers for over a century as growing urban populations overwhelmed them with sewage (污水), and factory emissions. In recent decades, rivers lost their industrial function and cities began cleaning them up. The Thames is now the cleanest it has been in 150 years and boasts seals, porpoises and occasionally whales, sometimes alive. The Thames Tideway tunnel to be completed is supposed to remove periodic sewer (下水道) overflows and make the river the cleanest it has been since the Industrial Revolution.
In cities from Chicago to China, old riverside warehouses have transformed into restaurants and apartments. But rivers also need to regain their original purpose as transport hubs (枢纽). To reclaim their streets from cars and trucks, cities should shift more traffic back to rivers—but this time cleanly and silently, using the coming generation of electric ferries (轮渡), barges (驳船) and cargo ships (货船).
Ferries already transport 2.1 billion passengers yearly. Numbers have been rising in San Francisco, New York and Sydney, while London plans to double its annual total of riders to 20 million by 2035. Admittedly, ferries go slowly, but so do cars stuck in traffic.
Imagine replacing trucks with the immense capacity of shipping. One newer Thames freight barge (1,750-ton capacity) can replace 44 large trucks. Even without being electric-powered, it uses much less energy and causes less noise pollution. In other words, we need to turn truck drivers into barge captains.
Rivers are the reason our cities are where they are. We just forgot about them.
1.What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1
A. Parisian traffic congestion issues. B. Rivers’ founding role in settlements.
C. Global riverside transformation trends. D. Underused rivers in crowded cities.
2.What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2
A. Pollution from urban growth. B. Pollution history and revival.
C. Impact of Industrial Revolution. D. Current wildlife recovery.
3.What is the author’s suggestion about the key role that rivers should reclaim
A. Centres for tourism and recreation. B. Primary sources of drinking water.
C. Sustainable transport corridors. D. Barriers against urban expansion.
4.Why does the author mention Thames freight barge in paragraph 5
A. To highlight technological advances. B. To prove shipping’s current efficiency.
C. To show waterways’ transport potential. D. To introduce energy-efficient transport.
(2025·郑州二模) 体裁:记叙文 主题语境:自然生态 难度:★★☆☆
Duncan Jurman became interested in butterflies when he was around 5 years old. He noticed a couple of caterpillars (毛虫) in his backyard and was attracted by the different ways that caterpillars can disguise (伪装) themselves to stay safe in potentially dangerous surroundings. From there, he started to learn more about caterpillars and butterflies.
Jurman believes that butterflies play a crucial role in our ecosystems. They’re very low on the food web, so they support a lot of different species that rely on them. They’re an indicator species for the health of the environment. Once they disappear, everything else is soon to follow.
Jurman’s goal is to transform the landscape of Florida’s Broward County by turning a weedy suburb into a lively butterfly reserve at a time when insect populations are decreasing quickly worldwide. Jurman believes that every flower planted is a potential home and source of food for caterpillars and butterflies. He eventually developed a butterfly-friendly garden in his backyard by researching the different plants that butterflies prefer. He has already raised and released more than 5,000 butterflies from his garden.
Jurman also launched the Bring Butterflies Back campaign to educate people about butterflies and invite them to join his cause of protecting butterflies. He said that a lot of people are surprised to learn that insects are declining at such an alarming rate, largely because the decline has been so gradual. This phenomenon helps to explain why people are unwilling to take meaningful actions to save the environment.
In 2018, Jurman helped to build a butterfly garden at his high school. The garden has had a regenerative effect on the surrounding environment—birds, native lizards, and other insects have returned in great numbers. Other schools have been inspired to start gardens. “I don’t know if we can ever reach the point that we were once at with butterflies, but I think that if everyone gets involved and starts their own garden, they can make their own impact,” Jurman said.
5.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A. The food chain of insects. B. The competition between species.
C. The potential danger to butterflies. D. The vital role of butterflies in nature.
6.Why did Jurman create a butterfly-friendly garden
A. To teach people about butterflies. B. To study butterflies’ favorite plants.
C. To increase the number of butterflies. D. To improve the beauty of his backyard.
7.Which shows the phenomenon mentioned in paragraph 4
A. People’s unawareness of environmental changes.
B. The impact of human activities on insect habitats.
C. The rapid decline of butterfly populations worldwide.
D. The process of transforming natural landscapes into reserves.
8.What can be inferred from Jurman’s words in the last paragraph
A. More gardens are built to boost other insects.
B. Jurman is pessimistic about the future of butterflies.
C. It’s impossible to restore previous population levels.
D. Joint efforts can greatly impact butterfly population.
(2025·广州二模) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:自然生态、科学与技术 难度:★★★☆☆
On a hot summer afternoon, a child eagerly watched as their grandmother sliced a sun-ripened tomato topped with sugar—a refreshing summer treat. The sandy, sweet-sour juice with melted sugar always made one lick plates clean. Decades later, that same child, now an adult, finds disappointedly supermarket tomatoes firm to the touch, pale in colour, and totally lacking in the rich flavor. Beyond a mere loss in our childhood memory, the shift is a measurable decline rooted in the farming changes and modern needs.
The decline in modern tomato flavor results from disturbed sugar-acid balance. Traditional varieties had higher sugar levels balanced with moderate acidity. A recent study by Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SAAS) shows alarming trends: pink tomatoes lost over 26% sugar-acid ratio, while red types dropped 22%, coupled with rising organic acids. This imbalance creates sour-dominated flavors with weakened sweetness.
The situation is made worse by the loss of special taste components. These elements work together to create a rich flavor. They can make our brain sense more sweetness even when the sugar level stays the same. However, in modern farming, people have accidentally removed the genes (基因) for these taste components while focusing on higher output and disease mercial pressures also play a role. For easier shipping, tomatoes are harvested before they are mature and subjected to cold storage. These practices unintentionally affect how flavor-giving chemicals are released, leaving tomatoes structurally undamaged but flavorless.
Hope, however, lies in the gene pool of traditional and wild tomato varieties. A 2019 comprehensive study on genes, analyzing over 700 tomato types, identified 4,873 previously undocumented genes, including rare genetic variations that improve flavors. By reintroducing these “lost” genetic elements through scientific methods, scientists aim to balance marketability and taste quality. The challenge remains complex, yet the solution is clear: to rediscover the flavors in our childhood memory, we must first understand the genetic codes (密码) left behind in the drive for progress.
9.Why does the author mention the tomato experience in paragraph 1
A. To explain the health benefits of fresh tomatoes.
B. To show the change in tomato flavor over time.
C. To highlight the significance of a family tradition.
D. To illustrate the disappearance of a summer delight.
10.What does SAAS’s recent study find
A. Higher sugar levels in modern tomatoes.
B. More organic acids in traditional tomatoes.
C. The loss of sweet-sour balance in tomatoes.
D. Taste difference between pink and red tomatoes.
11.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The advantages of gene selections. B. The roles commercial practices play.
C. The challenges tomato farming faces. D. The reasons behind less-flavored tomatoes.
12.Which is a potential solution to the core problem discussed in the text
A. Discovering highly productive genes. B. Analyzing different types of tomatoes.
C. Introducing disease-resistant elements. D. Using rare genes in wild tomato varieties.
练10
文章指出,拥挤的城市中心普遍存在河流未被充分利用的现象,回顾了工业革命对河流的破坏及近几十年的复兴历程,建议河流应重拾“可持续交通枢纽”的角色,并通过具体案例说明水路运输的优势,强调需重新重视河流对城市的意义。
1.D 推理判断题。第一段以巴黎为切入点,明确描述“城市中心的道路、建筑拥挤,只有河流几乎空着”,并补充“多数城市因河而建却忽视河流”,由此推断出,作者指出的是“拥挤城市中河流未被充分利用”的现象。
2.B 段落大意题。第二段前半部分提出问题“工业革命导致河流退化(污水、工厂排放物)”,后半部分说明现状“近几十年城市清理河流,泰晤士河生态恢复(变干净、有野生动物,隧道项目推进)”,由此可总结该段主要介绍的是“污染历史与复兴历程”。
3.C 推理判断题。第三段明确提出“河流需重拾其作为交通枢纽的原来的功能”,转折词but后强调“this time cleanly and silently (清洁且无噪音)”且“using the coming generation of electric ferries ... (用新一代电动轮渡)”,由此推出,作者建议的是河流需要夺回的角色是“可持续的交通通道”。“sustainable transport corridors”精准转述文中的“cleanly/silently+electric transport”。
4.C 推理判断题。第五段首句“Imagine ...”提出想象, 明确以“潜力”开篇,接着以“1 750吨驳船可替代44辆卡车,能耗低、噪音小”为例,是为了支撑第三段作者的建议——河流作为交通枢纽的潜力,即用驳船案例证明该功能的可行性潜力,即展示水路运输的潜力。
积累
重点词 ①boast vt.有(值得自豪的东西) ②regain vt.重新获得,恢复 ③reclaim vt.取回;拿回;要求归还 ④admittedly adv.诚然,无可否认 ⑤capacity n.容积,功率
合成词 (electric+power+-ed) electric-powered adj.电动的,电力驱动的
语块 ①be supposed to理应;应该 ②be stuck in困于
本文讲述了Duncan Jurman从小对蝴蝶产生兴趣,并通过创建蝴蝶友好型花园、发起保护蝴蝶运动,努力增加蝴蝶数量并提高人们对环境保护的意识。
5.D 段落大意题。第二段首句中的“butterflies play a crucial role in our ecosystems”是段落主旨句:蝴蝶在生态系统中具有关键作用。后续内容均围绕该主题展开:食物网底层生物(support a lot of different species)、环境健康指示物种(indicator species for the health of the environment)、其灭绝将导致生态链式崩溃(Once they disappear, everything else is soon to follow)。由此说明蝴蝶在自然中的重要作用,故选D项。vital是原文crucial的同义转述词。
6.C 细节理解题。第三段明确说明问题:全球昆虫数量锐减,接着叙述Jurman在后院开发了一个蝴蝶友好型花园,繁育并放归5 000多只蝴蝶(raised and released more than 5,000 butterflies)。由此可推出,他建蝴蝶友好型花园的目的是增加蝴蝶的数量,故选C项。
7.A 推理判断题。由第四段第二句提到“许多人对昆虫锐减速度很惊讶”,这种现象是“为何人们缺乏环保行动”的原因。由此可知,这种现象指的是人们对环境变化缺乏意识,故选A项。
8.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段Jurman的话:如果每个人都能参与进来并开创自己的花园,他们可以产生自己的影响可推出, Jurman认为人们的共同努力可以对蝴蝶的数量产生重大影响,故选D项。
干扰项:选项A(为其他昆虫建园)偏离蝴蝶保护主旨;B(对蝴蝶未来悲观)曲解原文(谨慎乐观);C(不可能恢复历史数量)过度推断,Jurman仅说“don’t know if we can reach ...”(不确定)。
本文主要说明了现代番茄风味下降的原因,包括糖酸平衡被打破、特殊风味成分的丧失,以及现代种植和储存方式对番茄风味的影响。
9.B 推理判断题。第一段通过对比童年时“带着沙粒感、酸甜可口且混着融化的糖的汁水(sandy, sweet-sour juice)”和成年“摸起来硬邦邦的,浅色,而且完全没有那种浓郁的味道(firm, pale, lacking in the rich flavor)”的番茄体验,最后指出这种变化背后是源于农业生产的变革和现代需求的可衡量的品质下降。由此可知,作者在第一段提到西红柿的经历是为了展示随时间发生的西红柿味道的变化。故选B。
10.C 细节理解题。第二段引用SAAS研究数据:粉色西红柿的糖酸比下降了超过26%,而红色西红柿的糖酸比下降了22%,同时有机酸含量却在上升。接着说明这种失衡导致酸味主导、甜味减弱,即西红柿失去了原本的酸甜平衡。故选C。
干扰项:A项(现代番茄糖分更高)与原文“lost over 26% sugar”矛盾;B项(传统番茄酸更多)错误,因为研究显示现代番茄有机酸上升;D项(粉色与红色番茄味道差异)是现象描述。
11.D 段落大意题。第三段首句指出特殊风味成分的缺失让情况更糟,第二、第三句解释了这些成分对风味的作用。However后解释番茄风味减少的两大原因:1.基因层面:现代种植中因追求产量和抗病性而无意中去除了相关基因;2.商业层面:早摘和冷藏影响西红柿风味化学物质的释放,导致西红柿没味道。由此可知,第三段主要阐述现代西红柿味道变差的原因。故选D。
12.D 细节理解题。文章讨论的问题是番茄风味下降,第四段首句提出解决番茄风味问题的希望:传统与野生番茄品种基因库(gene pool of traditional and wild tomato varieties),第二句提到2019年基因研究(分析700多种番茄类型)发现了包括能提升风味的罕见遗传变体在内的未记录基因。第三句“通过科学方法重新引入这些‘失传’的遗传元素,有望平衡西红柿的可销售性和口感质量”,明确指出利用野生西红柿品种中的稀有基因是可能的解决方案。故选D。
干扰项:A项(发现高产基因)是问题根源(追求高产导致风味基因丢失);B项(分析番茄类型)是研究手段,非解决方案;C项(引入抗病元素)同样与问题原因(过度关注抗病)相关,但会加剧风味流失。
积累
重点词 slice vt.把……切成(薄)片
派生词 ①(flavor+-less) flavorless adj.无味的;没有味道的 ②(measure+-able) measurable adj.可测量的;显著的 ③(un-+document+-ed) undocumented adj.无书面证据的 ④(re-+introduce) reintroduce vt.再次使用;重新引入
语块 ①be lacking in缺乏 ②subject to使经受;使遭受 ③lie in在于 ④leave behind比……取得好得多的进展;把……抛在后面;超过 ⑤in the drive for在追求……的过程中 ⑥be topped with sugar撒上糖
熟词 生僻义 ①drive熟义:vt.驾驶;开车 生僻义:n.活动;冲劲;干劲;精力 ②top熟义:n.顶;顶部;顶端 生僻义:v.把(某物)放在……的上面(共41张PPT)
第一部分 阅读
练10 主旨大意题——段落大意题
外刊原味10 体裁：说明文 主题语境：社会发展
难度：★★★ ☆ @ The Financial Times
Stand in central Paris, look around you, and the roads, offices and flats are packed. Only one (vast) bit of the city centre is almost empty： the river. Most cities were built on rivers. People originally settled in Paris because of the Seine, and in London for the Thames. A third of New York City’s surface area is water.
The Industrial Revolution ruined rivers for over a century as growing urban populations overwhelmed them with sewage (污水), and factory emissions. In recent decades, rivers lost their industrial function and cities began cleaning them up. The Thames is now the cleanest it has been in 150 years and boasts seals, porpoises and occasionally whales, sometimes alive. The Thames Tideway tunnel to be completed is supposed to remove periodic sewer (下水道) overflows and make the river the cleanest it has been since the Industrial Revolution.
In cities from Chicago to China, old riverside warehouses have transformed into restaurants and apartments. But rivers also need to regain their original purpose as transport hubs (枢纽). To reclaim their streets from cars and trucks, cities should shift more traffic back to rivers—but this time cleanly and silently, using the coming generation of electric ferries (轮渡), barges (驳船) and cargo ships (货船).
Ferries already transport 2.1 billion passengers yearly. Numbers have been rising in San Francisco, New York and Sydney, while London plans to double its annual total of riders to 20 million by 2035. Admittedly, ferries go slowly, but so do cars stuck in traffic.
Imagine replacing trucks with the immense capacity of shipping. One newer Thames freight barge (1，750-ton capacity) can replace 44 large trucks. Even without being electric-powered, it uses much less energy and causes less noise pollution. In other words, we need to turn truck drivers into barge captains.
Rivers are the reason our cities are where they are. We just forgot about them.
文章指出，拥挤的城市中心普遍存在河流未被充分利用的现象，回顾了工业革命对河流的破坏及近几十年的复兴历程，建议河流应重拾“可持续交通枢纽”的角色，并通过具体案例说明水路运输的优势，强调需重新重视河流对城市的意义。
1.What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1
A. Parisian traffic congestion issues.
B. Rivers’ founding role in settlements.
C. Global riverside transformation trends.
D. Underused rivers in crowded cities.
推理判断题。第一段以巴黎为切入点，明确描述“城市中心的道路、建筑拥挤，只有河流几乎空着”，并补充“多数城市因河而建却忽视河流”，由此推断出，作者指出的是“拥挤城市中河流未被充分利用”的现象。
解析
2.What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2
A. Pollution from urban growth.
B. Pollution history and revival.
C. Impact of Industrial Revolution.
D. Current wildlife recovery.
段落大意题。第二段前半部分提出问题“工业革命导致河流退化(污水、工厂排放物)”，后半部分说明现状“近几十年城市清理河流，泰晤士河生态恢复(变干净、有野生动物，隧道项目推进)”，由此可总结该段主要介绍的是“污染历史与复兴历程”。
解析
3.What is the author’s suggestion about the key role that rivers should reclaim
A. Centres for tourism and recreation.
B. Primary sources of drinking water.
C. Sustainable transport corridors.
D. Barriers against urban expansion.
推理判断题。第三段明确提出“河流需重拾其作为交通枢纽的原来的功能”，转折词but后强调“this time cleanly and silently (清洁且无噪音)”且“using the coming generation of electric ferries ... (用新一代电动轮渡)”，由此推出，作者建议的是河流需要夺回的角色是“可持续的交通通道”。“sustainable transport corridors”精准转述文中的“cleanly/silently+electric transport”。
解析
4.Why does the author mention Thames freight barge in paragraph 5
A. To highlight technological advances.
B. To prove shipping’s current efficiency.
C. To show waterways’ transport potential.
D. To introduce energy-efficient transport.
推理判断题。第五段首句“Imagine ...”提出想象, 明确以“潜力”开篇，接着以“1 750吨驳船可替代44辆卡车，能耗低、噪音小”为例，是为了支撑第三段作者的建议——河流作为交通枢纽的潜力，即用驳船案例证明该功能的可行性潜力，即展示水路运输的潜力。
解析
积累
重点词 ①boast vt.有(值得自豪的东西) ②regain vt.重新获得，恢复 ③reclaim vt.取回；拿回；要求归还 ④admittedly adv.诚然，无可否认 ⑤capacity n.容积，功率
合成词 (electric+power+-ed) electric-powered adj.电动的，电力驱动的
语块 ①be supposed to理应；应该 ②be stuck in困于
(2025·郑州二模) 体裁：记叙文 主题语境：自然生态
难度：★★ ☆☆
Duncan Jurman became interested in butterflies when he was around 5 years old. He noticed a couple of caterpillars (毛虫) in his backyard and was attracted by the different ways that caterpillars can disguise (伪装) themselves to stay safe in potentially dangerous surroundings. From there, he started to learn more about caterpillars and butterflies.
Jurman believes that butterflies play a crucial role in our ecosystems. They’re very low on the food web, so they support a lot of different species that rely on them. They’re an indicator species for the health of the environment. Once they disappear, everything else is soon to follow.
Jurman’s goal is to transform the landscape of Florida’s Broward County by turning a weedy suburb into a lively butterfly reserve at a time when insect populations are decreasing quickly worldwide. Jurman believes that every flower planted is a potential home and source of food for caterpillars and butterflies. He eventually developed a butterfly-friendly garden in his backyard by researching the different plants that butterflies prefer. He has already raised and released more than 5，000 butterflies from his garden.
Jurman also launched the Bring Butterflies Back campaign to educate people about butterflies and invite them to join his cause of protecting butterflies. He said that a lot of people are surprised to learn that insects are declining at such an alarming rate, largely because the decline has been so gradual. This phenomenon helps to explain why people are unwilling to take meaningful actions to save the environment.
In 2018, Jurman helped to build a butterfly garden at his high school. The garden has had a regenerative effect on the surrounding environment—birds, native lizards, and other insects have returned in great numbers. Other schools have been inspired to start gardens. “I don’t know if we can ever reach the point that we were once at with butterflies, but I think that if everyone gets involved and starts their own garden, they can make their own impact，” Jurman said.
本文讲述了Duncan Jurman从小对蝴蝶产生兴趣，并通过创建蝴蝶友好型花园、发起保护蝴蝶运动，努力增加蝴蝶数量并提高人们对环境保护的意识。
5.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A. The food chain of insects.
B. The competition between species.
C. The potential danger to butterflies.
D. The vital role of butterflies in nature.
段落大意题。第二段首句中的“butterflies play a crucial role in our ecosystems”是段落主旨句：蝴蝶在生态系统中具有关键作用。后续内容均围绕该主题展开：食物网底层生物(support a lot of different species)、环境健康指示物种(indicator species for the health of the environment)、其灭绝将导致生态链式崩溃(Once they disappear, everything else is soon to follow)。由此说明蝴蝶在自然中的重要作用，故选D项。vital是原文crucial的同义转述词。
解析
6.Why did Jurman create a butterfly-friendly garden
A. To teach people about butterflies.
B. To study butterflies’ favorite plants.
C. To increase the number of butterflies.
D. To improve the beauty of his backyard.
细节理解题。第三段明确说明问题：全球昆虫数量锐减，接着叙述Jurman在后院开发了一个蝴蝶友好型花园，繁育并放归5 000多只蝴蝶(raised and released more than 5，000 butterflies)。由此可推出，他建蝴蝶友好型花园的目的是增加蝴蝶的数量，故选C项。
解析
7.Which shows the phenomenon mentioned in paragraph 4
A. People’s unawareness of environmental changes.
B. The impact of human activities on insect habitats.
C. The rapid decline of butterfly populations worldwide.
D. The process of transforming natural landscapes into reserves.
推理判断题。由第四段第二句提到“许多人对昆虫锐减速度很惊讶”，这种现象是“为何人们缺乏环保行动”的原因。由此可知，这种现象
指的是人们对环境变化缺乏意识，故选A项。
解析
8.What can be inferred from Jurman’s words in the last paragraph
A. More gardens are built to boost other insects.
B. Jurman is pessimistic about the future of butterflies.
C. It’s impossible to restore previous population levels.
D. Joint efforts can greatly impact butterfly population.
推理判断题。根据最后一段Jurman的话：如果每个人都能参与进来并开创自己的花园，他们可以产生自己的影响可推出, Jurman认为人们的共同努力可以对蝴蝶的数量产生重大影响，故选D项。
干扰项：选项A(为其他昆虫建园)偏离蝴蝶保护主旨；B(对蝴蝶未来悲观)曲解原文(谨慎乐观)；C(不可能恢复历史数量)过度推断，Jurman仅说“don’t know if we can reach ...”(不确定)。
解析
(2025·广州二模) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：自然生态、科学与技术 难度：★★★☆☆
On a hot summer afternoon, a child eagerly watched as their grandmother sliced a sun-ripened tomato topped with sugar—a refreshing summer treat. The sandy, sweet-sour juice with melted sugar always made one lick plates clean. Decades later, that same child, now an adult, finds disappointedly supermarket tomatoes firm to the touch, pale in colour, and totally lacking in the rich flavor. Beyond a mere loss in our childhood memory, the shift is a measurable decline rooted in the farming changes and modern needs.
The decline in modern tomato flavor results from disturbed sugar-acid balance. Traditional varieties had higher sugar levels balanced with moderate acidity. A recent study by Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SAAS) shows alarming trends： pink tomatoes lost over 26% sugar-acid ratio, while red types dropped 22%, coupled with rising organic acids. This imbalance creates sour-dominated flavors with weakened sweetness.
The situation is made worse by the loss of special taste components. These elements work together to create a rich flavor. They can make our brain sense more sweetness even when the sugar level stays the same. However, in modern farming, people have accidentally removed the genes (基因) for these taste components while focusing on higher output and disease mercial pressures also play a role. For easier shipping, tomatoes are harvested before they are mature and subjected to cold storage. These practices unintentionally affect how flavor-giving chemicals are released, leaving tomatoes structurally undamaged but flavorless.
Hope, however, lies in the gene pool of traditional and wild tomato varieties. A 2019 comprehensive study on genes, analyzing over 700 tomato types, identified 4，873 previously undocumented genes, including rare genetic variations that improve flavors. By reintroducing these “lost” genetic elements through scientific methods, scientists aim to balance marketability and taste quality. The challenge remains complex, yet the solution is clear： to rediscover the flavors in our childhood memory, we must first understand the genetic codes (密码) left behind in the drive for progress.
本文主要说明了现代番茄风味下降的原因，包括糖酸平衡被打破、特殊风味成分的丧失，以及现代种植和储存方式对番茄风味的影响。
9.Why does the author mention the tomato experience in paragraph 1
A. To explain the health benefits of fresh tomatoes.
B. To show the change in tomato flavor over time.
C. To highlight the significance of a family tradition.
D. To illustrate the disappearance of a summer delight.
推理判断题。第一段通过对比童年时“带着沙粒感、酸甜可口且混着融化的糖的汁水(sandy, sweet-sour juice)”和成年“摸起来硬邦邦的，浅色，而且完全没有那种浓郁的味道(firm, pale, lacking in the rich flavor)”的番茄体验，最后指出这种变化背后是源于农业生产的变革和现代需求的可衡量的品质下降。由此可知，作者在第一段提到西红柿的经历是为了展示随时间发生的西红柿味道的变化。故选B。
解析
10.What does SAAS’s recent study find
A. Higher sugar levels in modern tomatoes.
B. More organic acids in traditional tomatoes.
C. The loss of sweet-sour balance in tomatoes.
D. Taste difference between pink and red tomatoes.
细节理解题。第二段引用SAAS研究数据：粉色西红柿的糖酸比下降了超过26%，而红色西红柿的糖酸比下降了22%，同时有机酸含量却在上升。接着说明这种失衡导致酸味主导、甜味减弱，即西红柿失去了原本的酸甜平衡。故选C。
干扰项：A项(现代番茄糖分更高)与原文“lost over 26% sugar”矛盾;
B项(传统番茄酸更多)错误，因为研究显示现代番茄有机酸上升；D项(粉色与红色番茄味道差异)是现象描述。
解析
11.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The advantages of gene selections.
B. The roles commercial practices play.
C. The challenges tomato farming faces.
D. The reasons behind less-flavored tomatoes.
段落大意题。第三段首句指出特殊风味成分的缺失让情况更糟，第二、第三句解释了这些成分对风味的作用。However后解释番茄风味减少的两大原因：1.基因层面：现代种植中因追求产量和抗病性而无意中去除了相关基因；2.商业层面：早摘和冷藏影响西红柿风味化学物质的释放，导致西红柿没味道。由此可知，第三段主要阐述现代西红柿味道变差的原因。故选D。
解析
12.Which is a potential solution to the core problem discussed in the text
A. Discovering highly productive genes.
B. Analyzing different types of tomatoes.
C. Introducing disease-resistant elements.
D. Using rare genes in wild tomato varieties.
细节理解题。文章讨论的问题是番茄风味下降，第四段首句提出解决番茄风味问题的希望：传统与野生番茄品种基因库(gene pool of traditional and wild tomato varieties)，第二句提到2019年基因研究
解析
(分析700多种番茄类型)发现了包括能提升风味的罕见遗传变体在内的未记录基因。第三句“通过科学方法重新引入这些‘失传’的遗传元素，有望平衡西红柿的可销售性和口感质量”，明确指出利用野生西红柿品种中的稀有基因是可能的解决方案。故选D。
干扰项：A项(发现高产基因)是问题根源(追求高产导致风味基因丢失)；B项(分析番茄类型)是研究手段，非解决方案；C项(引入抗病元素)同样与问题原因(过度关注抗病)相关，但会加剧风味流失。
解析
积累
重点词 slice vt.把……切成(薄)片
派生词 ①(flavor+-less) flavorless adj.无味的；没有味道的 ②(measure+-able) measurable adj.可测量的；显著的 ③(un-+document+-ed) undocumented adj.无书面证据的 ④(re-+introduce) reintroduce vt.再次使用；重新引入
语块 ①be lacking in缺乏 ②subject to使经受；使遭受 ③lie in在于
④leave behind比……取得好得多的进展；把……抛在后面；超过
⑤in the drive for在追求……的过程中 ⑥be topped with sugar撒上糖
熟词 生僻义 ①drive熟义：vt.驾驶；开车 生僻义：n.活动；冲劲；干劲；精力 ②top熟义：n.顶；顶部；顶端 生僻义：v.把(某物)放在……的上面
