练11 主旨大意题——全文大意题
限时18分钟
外刊原味11 体裁:说明文 主题语境:自然生态与现代技术 难度:★★★☆☆ @ The Economist
The rainforests are alive with the sound of animals. Besides its pleasure, it is useful to ecologists. If you want to measure the biodiversity of a piece of land, listening out for animal calls is much easier than searching for tracks. But such “bioacoustic analysis” is time-consuming, and it requires expert ears.
In a paper in Nature Communications, researchers led by ecologist J rg Müller, describe a better way: using computers. Smartphone apps already identify birds, bats or mammals via their sounds. Their idea was to apply this to conservation.
The researchers took recordings from across 43 sites in the Ecuadorean rainforest: relatively unspoiled, old-growth forest, and areas recently cleared for pasture (牧场) or cacao planting. And some had been cleared but abandoned, allowing the forest to regrow.
Sound recordings were taken four times hourly over two weeks. Calls were identified manually, and then used to construct a list of the species present. As expected, the longer the land had been free from agricultural activity, the greater the biodiversity it hosted.
Then it was the computer’s turn. The researchers fed their recordings to AI models that had been trained, using sound samples from elsewhere in Ecuador, to identify 75 bird species.“AI tools could identify the sounds as well as experts,” says Dr Müller.
Since not all rainforest creatures make a noise, they used light-traps to capture night-flying insects, and DNA analysis to identify them. Reassuringly, the diversity of noisy animals reliably indicated the diversity of quieter ones.
The results matter beyond ecology. Firms like L’Oreal and Shell fund global forest restoration projects. Dr Müller hopes that an automated approach to checking on the results could help monitor such efforts, and give a standardised way to measure whether they are working as well as their sponsors say.
1.What is the disadvantage of traditional bioacoustic analysis
A. It is harmful to animals. B. It takes much time and expertise.
C. It fails to identify rare species. D. It depends on special equipment.
2.What can be inferred about the researchers’ experiment sites
A. They focus on cacao farmlands. B. They include agricultural areas.
C. They represent varied land conditions. D. They are located in multiple countries.
3.What is Dr Müller’s attitude towards the AI’s performance in identifying bird sounds
A. Satisfied. B. Objective. C. Critical. D. Ambiguous.
4.What is the main idea of the text
A. AI is applied to forest conservation.
B. Advanced listening apps aid biodiversity analysis.
C. AI can catalogue forests’ inhabitants by listening.
D. Animal sounds help indicate ecosystem health.
(2025·浙江Z20名校联盟三模) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:科学研究 难度:★★★☆
More than 1,000 metres below the surface of the oceans, darkness dominates. Marine creatures rely on sound for navigation, communication, and searching for food. However, this way of life has come under threat from shipping, contributing to a rise in underwater volume of approximately 3.3 decibels (分贝) per decade. The trend shows little sign of levelling off.
With roughly 90% of trade relying on shipping, quieting the ocean through reductions in shipping itself is untenable. While efficiency improvements of shipping may cut noise, experts say more is needed. That is why technologies like modified propellers (螺旋桨) and noise-reducing materials are being developed to help humans and marine life coexist.
Much of the underwater noise a ship produces comes from its propeller. Spinning blades (桨叶) create low pressure, causing the water to boil and produce bubbles, a process known as cavitation (空化现象). When those bubbles collapse, a low-frequency noise is produced, disrupting the movements of marine lives.
One solution, being developed by researchers at the University of British Columbia, integrates flexible polymers (聚合物) into the metal propeller blades, allowing their tips to bend and twist. This movement prevents bubbles from forming and thereby reduces the noise the blades produce. Based on simulations, the design could reduce cavitation noise by 20 decibels. Dr Jaiman says researchers intend to start testing a model next year.
Cavitation can also be reduced by increasing the number of bubbles, rather than reducing them. Researchers at MARIN, a Dutch research institute, have blown bubbles onto a propeller’s blades, which can dampen the resulting noise. Model-scale tests of this system showed a 12-decibel decrease in low-frequency noise. But shipping noise does not come only from the propeller, with roughly 20% coming from engines and generators. To reduce this, MARIN researchers have experimented with a bubble screen generated from tubes positioned in belts around the outside of the ship. These bubbles prevent noise from spreading.
5.Which best explains the underlined word “untenable” in paragraph 2
A. Impractical. B. Unavailable. C. Unstable. D. Immeasurable.
6.What is the main source of underwater noise from ships
A. The spinning blades. B. The process of cavitation.
C. The engines and generators. D. The bubbles generated by ships.
7.What solution is being developed at MARIN
A. Boosting ship efficiency. B. Creating flexible blade tips.
C. Generating more bubbles on blades. D. Using quieter engines and generators.
8.What’s the passage mainly about
A. Strategies to prevent ships from making noises.
B. Innovations to minimize underwater ship noise.
C. Adapted propeller designs to restore undersea quiet.
D. Negative impacts of underwater noise on marine life.
(2025·福州四模) 体裁:说明文 主题语境:自然生态 难度:★★★★☆
Soratobu Medaka, a children’s book, tells the story of tiny medaka fish riding on a bird to a distant pond. It has delighted children, but now it’s revealed to be true.
Researchers have long struggled to explain how fish turn up in lakes far from other bodies of water, a mystery even Charles Darwin noted in 1859, when he suggested that aquatic (水生的) hatchlings might stick to the feet of birds, though his bright idea remained a theory.
In 2019, Yao Akifumi, a biology student then, wondered if Darwin might have been right and further wondered if fish-hunting birds might transport egg-bearing aquatic plants stuck to their feet. To test this, he set up two ponds one metre apart, one containing 36 plants and the other without, both equipped with camera traps. After six months, some plants had switched ponds, and one camera captured a bird flying away with a plant on its foot. Next, Yao aimed to see if fish eggs could weather the journey being carried out of water. He attached tiny medaka eggs to aquatic plants and removed them for zero to 24 hours—at favorable hatching conditions—before returning them.
In a paper in Science of Nature, Mr. Yao reports that the medaka eggs can successfully hatch after up to 18 hours out of the water. Eggs without a plant leaf to attach to rarely survived a few hours. The big drop in survival was at 16.3 hours, when half the eggs became lifeless.
Whether any egg could survive that long, given that a bird’s average flight-speed is around 39kph, is doubtful, says Mr. Yao, since wind exposure during such a long journey would dry them out.
Shorter journeys, however, are certainly possible. And since many other medaka-like species are found throughout Asia, the chances are high that hitchhiking (搭便车) explains how they have ended up in lakes with seemingly no connection to other water bodies. Yet again, it would seem, Darwin’s theories turn out to be correct.
9.Why does the author mention Darwin’s idea
A. To introduce an academic term. B. To provide research background.
C. To question a well-known theory. D. To explore new research methods.
10.What evidence did Yao find to support his assumption
A. Birds flying between ponds. B. Fish eggs surviving on plants.
C. A plant growing in both ponds. D. A bird carrying a plant on its foot.
11.What may increase medaka eggs’ survival
A. Birds’ flying route. B. Wind exposure.
C. Supporting leaves. D. Longer journeys.
12.What is the main idea of the text
A. Children’s book inspires research. B. Origin of fish has been uncovered.
C. Fish’s hitch riding has been proved. D. Eggs and plants have a close relation.
练11
AI工具通过分析动物声音革新生物多样性监测,解决了传统方法低效问题,并验证了声学多样性对整体生态的代表性。
1.B 细节理解题。第一段最后一句明确提到传统生物声学分析“耗时且需要专家参与(time-consuming, and it requires expert ears)”。由此可知,传统生物声学分析的缺点是耗时且需要专业知识,故选项B正确。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第三段,研究者选取的43个站点包括“相对未受破坏的原始森林、最近被清理为牧场或可可种植园的区域,以及被清理后废弃、森林重新生长的区域”。这些站点代表了“不同的土地状况”,故选项C正确。
3.A 观点态度题。文中 Dr Müller 提到“AI工具识别声音的能力和专家一样好(AI tools could identify the sounds as well as experts)”,由此表明他对AI工具的识别能力是认可的,态度是满意的,故选A。
4.C 全文大意题。文章首段提到传统监测低效,第二段提出AI声音识别的方案,第五段强调AI能识别声音媲美专家,最后一段介绍AI声音识别的应用,由此推出文章旨在介绍AI 通过监听动物声音来记录森林中的生物,从而实现对生物多样性的监测。选项C“AI can catalogue forests’ inhabitants by listening”,既体现了AI的主导作用,也点明了“监听”这一方式和“记录森林居民(动物)”的结果。by listening 赋予AI人类行为:呼应原文“listening out for animal calls (人类行为)”,隐喻AI主动感知雨林声音(非被动分析)。
积累
派生词 ①(un-+spoil+-ed)unspoiled adj.有自然美的;未遭破坏的 ②(reassuring+-ly) reassuringly adv.令人感到宽慰地;令人放心地 ③(standardise+-ed) standardised adj.标准的
合成词 (time+consume+-ing) time-consuming adj.费时的;耗时间的
熟词 生僻义 catalogue熟义:n.目录;目录簿 生僻义:vt.列入目录;编入目录;记载
语块 ①listen out for留心听(某种声音) ②free from没有……的
文章主要介绍了航运所产生的噪音对海洋生物的生活造成了威胁,人们正在采取相应措施来降低水下船只产生的噪音。
5.A 词句猜测题。 根据第二段首句指出的“90%贸易依赖航运”和第三句提出的技术替代方案(改进螺旋桨材料等),可推知通过减少航运本身来降低海洋噪音不可行。 untenable 对应“既依赖航运又要求其减少”的矛盾性,意为“不可行的/不切实际的”。故选A。
6.A 细节理解题。第三段首句解释“船舶水下噪音大部分来自螺旋桨”,第二句解释“旋转桨叶导致空化现象(cavitation)产生气泡和噪音”。由此可知,船只水下噪音主要来源于螺旋桨的旋转桨叶。故选A。
7.C 细节理解题。根据题干关键信息“being developed at MARIN”定位到第五段。第五段首句为该段主旨句:通过增加气泡(而非减少)降低空化噪音。第二句引入MARIN研究院的方案:向桨叶喷射更多气泡降噪,明确对应选项C “在桨叶生成更多气泡”。
干扰项:A项未提及具体技术,B项是英属哥伦比亚大学的方案,D项是处理次要噪音源(20%的引擎噪音)与“气泡屏障降噪”不符。
8.B 主旨大意题。 全文以“问题→解决方案”展开:提出问题(Para. 1):航运噪音威胁海洋生物→解决办法(Para.2):因减少航运不可行,故需技术革新(改进螺旋桨/消音材料)→噪音根源(Para.3):旋转的螺旋桨导致空化现象(气泡破裂→低频噪音)→具体技术创新(Paras 4~5)。由该结构可推出,选项B“减少船舶水下噪音的创新技术”覆盖全文。
积累
重点词 dampen vt.抑制,控制,减弱(感情、反应等)
语块 ①come under threat from受到……的威胁;面临……的威胁 ②level off (停止升降而)保持水平;保持平稳发展 ③integrate ... into ... (使)合并,成为一体
熟词 生僻义 quiet熟义:adj.轻声的;安静的;僻静的;寂静的 生僻义:v. (使)安静下来,平静些
本文通过讲述一个儿童故事背后的科学发现,介绍了研究人员如何通过实验验证达尔文关于鱼类可能通过鸟类传播的理论。
9.B 推理判断题。第二段提到达尔文1859年的假说(鱼卵可能附着在鸟脚上传播),并指出其长期未被证实(his bright idea remained a theory),而姚的实验正是为了验证这一假说,因此作者提到达尔文的理论是为了提供研究背景和科学基础。故选B项。
10.D 细节理解题。第三段首句明确研究目的:验证达尔文的假说(wondered if Darwin might have been right),并提出具体假设——鸟类通过脚部携带含鱼卵的水生植物传播鱼类。在实验设置中,姚通过摄像头捕捉到鸟类携带水生植物飞离池塘的直接证据(one camera captured a bird flying away with a plant on its foot)。这一观察结果直接验证了“鱼卵可能通过附着在植物上被鸟类传播”的假设。
11. C 细节理解题。 第四段对比具体实验数据:附着叶片的鱼卵可存活18小时,而无叶片的仅存活几个小时,附着在植物叶片上的鱼卵存活时间显著延长。由此可知,可附着的叶子提高medaka卵的存活率。故选C项。
干扰项:原文强调叶片对鱼卵的保护作用(避免干燥),而A项(飞行路线)、B项(风力暴露)、D项(更长旅程)均为降低存活率的因素(见第五段)。
12.C 全文大意题。首段指出儿童绘本的情节被证实为真,第二段引入达尔文的假设(鱼卵附着鸟脚迁移),第三段介绍姚的研究动机和实验设计,第4~5段介绍其研究结果; 尾段总结:鱼卵通过“搭便车”传播是孤立水域鱼类出现的合理解释(hitchhiking explains how they have ended up in lakes),最终证实了达尔文的假说(Darwin’s theories turn out to be correct)。由此可知,全文围绕“鱼卵通过鸟类携带植物迁移”的假设展开实验验证,故C项准确概括核心结论。(共40张PPT)
第一部分 阅读
练11 主旨大意题——全文大意题
外刊原味11 体裁：说明文 主题语境：自然生态与现代技术 难度：★★★☆☆ @ The Economist
The rainforests are alive with the sound of animals. Besides its pleasure, it is useful to ecologists. If you want to measure the biodiversity of a piece of land, listening out for animal calls is much easier than searching for tracks. But such “bioacoustic analysis” is time-consuming, and it requires expert ears.
In a paper in Nature Communications, researchers led by ecologist J rg Müller, describe a better way： using computers. Smartphone apps already identify birds, bats or mammals via their sounds. Their idea was to apply this to conservation.
The researchers took recordings from across 43 sites in the Ecuadorean rainforest： relatively unspoiled, old-growth forest, and areas recently cleared for pasture (牧场) or cacao planting. And some had been cleared but abandoned, allowing the forest to regrow.
Sound recordings were taken four times hourly over two weeks. Calls were identified manually, and then used to construct a list of the species present. As expected, the longer the land had been free from agricultural activity, the greater the biodiversity it hosted.
Then it was the computer’s turn. The researchers fed their recordings to AI models that had been trained, using sound samples from elsewhere in Ecuador, to identify 75 bird species.“AI tools could identify the sounds as well as experts，” says Dr Müller.
Since not all rainforest creatures make a noise, they used light-traps to capture night-flying insects, and DNA analysis to identify them. Reassuringly, the diversity of noisy animals reliably indicated the diversity of quieter ones.
The results matter beyond ecology. Firms like L’Oreal and Shell fund global forest restoration projects. Dr Müller hopes that an automated approach to checking on the results could help monitor such efforts, and give a standardised way to measure whether they are working as well as their sponsors say.
AI工具通过分析动物声音革新生物多样性监测，解决了传统方法低效问题，并验证了声学多样性对整体生态的代表性。
1.What is the disadvantage of traditional bioacoustic analysis
A. It is harmful to animals.
B. It takes much time and expertise.
C. It fails to identify rare species.
D. It depends on special equipment.
细节理解题。第一段最后一句明确提到传统生物声学分析“耗时且需要专家参与(time-consuming, and it requires expert ears)”。由此可知，传统生物声学分析的缺点是耗时且需要专业知识，故选项B正确。
解析
2.What can be inferred about the researchers’ experiment sites
A. They focus on cacao farmlands.
B. They include agricultural areas.
C. They represent varied land conditions.
D. They are located in multiple countries.
推理判断题。根据第三段，研究者选取的43个站点包括“相对未受破坏的原始森林、最近被清理为牧场或可可种植园的区域，以及被清理后废弃、森林重新生长的区域”。这些站点代表了“不同的土地状况”，故选项C正确。
解析
3.What is Dr Müller’s attitude towards the AI’s performance in identifying bird sounds
A. Satisfied. B. Objective.
C. Critical. D. Ambiguous.
观点态度题。文中 Dr Müller 提到“AI工具识别声音的能力和专家一样好(AI tools could identify the sounds as well as experts)”，由此表明他对AI工具的识别能力是认可的，态度是满意的，故选A。
解析
4.What is the main idea of the text
A. AI is applied to forest conservation.
B. Advanced listening apps aid biodiversity analysis.
C. AI can catalogue forests’ inhabitants by listening.
D. Animal sounds help indicate ecosystem health.
全文大意题。文章首段提到传统监测低效，第二段提出AI声音识别的方案，第五段强调AI能识别声音媲美专家，最后一段介绍AI声音识别的应用，由此推出文章旨在介绍AI 通过监听动物声音来记录森林中的生物，从而实现对生物多样性的监测。选项C“AI can catalogue forests’ inhabitants by listening”，既体现了AI的主导作用，也点明了“监听”这一方式和“记录森林居民(动物)”的结果。by listening 赋予AI人类行为：呼应原文“listening out for animal calls (人类行为)”，隐喻AI主动感知雨林声音(非被动分析)。
解析
积累
派生词 ①(un-+spoil+-ed)unspoiled adj.有自然美的；未遭破坏的
②(reassuring+-ly) reassuringly adv.令人感到宽慰地；令人放心地 ③(standardise+-ed) standardised adj.标准的
合成词 (time+consume+-ing) time-consuming adj.费时的；耗时间的
熟词 生僻义 catalogue熟义：n.目录；目录簿 生僻义：vt.列入目录；编入目录；记载
语块 ①listen out for留心听(某种声音) ②free from没有……的
(2025·浙江Z20名校联盟三模) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：科学研究 难度：★★★ ☆
More than 1，000 metres below the surface of the oceans, darkness dominates. Marine creatures rely on sound for navigation, communication, and searching for food. However, this way of life has come under threat from shipping, contributing to a rise in underwater volume of approximately 3.3 decibels (分贝) per decade. The trend shows little sign of levelling off.
With roughly 90% of trade relying on shipping, quieting the ocean through reductions in shipping itself is untenable. While efficiency improvements of shipping may cut noise, experts say more is needed. That is why technologies like modified propellers (螺旋桨) and noise-reducing materials are being developed to help humans and marine life coexist.
Much of the underwater noise a ship produces comes from its propeller. Spinning blades (桨叶) create low pressure, causing the water to boil and produce bubbles, a process known as cavitation (空化现象). When those bubbles collapse, a low-frequency noise is produced, disrupting the movements of marine lives.
One solution, being developed by researchers at the University of British Columbia, integrates flexible polymers (聚合物) into the metal propeller blades, allowing their tips to bend and twist. This movement prevents bubbles from forming and thereby reduces the noise the blades produce. Based on simulations, the design could reduce cavitation noise by 20 decibels. Dr Jaiman says researchers intend to start testing a model next year.
Cavitation can also be reduced by increasing the number of bubbles, rather than reducing them. Researchers at MARIN, a Dutch research institute, have blown bubbles onto a propeller’s blades, which can dampen the resulting noise. Model-scale tests of this system showed a 12-decibel decrease in low-frequency noise. But shipping noise does not come only from the propeller, with roughly 20% coming from engines and generators. To reduce this, MARIN researchers have experimented with a bubble screen generated from tubes positioned in belts around the outside of the ship. These bubbles prevent noise from spreading.
文章主要介绍了航运所产生的噪音对海洋生物的生活造成了威胁，人们正在采取相应措施来降低水下船只产生的噪音。
词句猜测题。 根据第二段首句指出的“90%贸易依赖航运”和第三句提出的技术替代方案(改进螺旋桨材料等)，可推知通过减少航运本身来降低海洋噪音不可行。 untenable 对应“既依赖航运又要求其减少”的矛盾性，意为“不可行的/不切实际的”。故选A。
解析
5.Which best explains the underlined word “untenable” in paragraph 2
A. Impractical. B. Unavailable.
C. Unstable. D. Immeasurable.
6.What is the main source of underwater noise from ships
A. The spinning blades.
B. The process of cavitation.
C. The engines and generators.
D. The bubbles generated by ships.
细节理解题。第三段首句解释“船舶水下噪音大部分来自螺旋桨”,第二句解释“旋转桨叶导致空化现象(cavitation)产生气泡和噪音”。由此可知，船只水下噪音主要来源于螺旋桨的旋转桨叶。故选A。
解析
7.What solution is being developed at MARIN
A. Boosting ship efficiency.
B. Creating flexible blade tips.
C. Generating more bubbles on blades.
D. Using quieter engines and generators.
细节理解题。根据题干关键信息“being developed at MARIN”定位到第五段。第五段首句为该段主旨句：通过增加气泡(而非减少)降低空化噪音。第二句引入MARIN研究院的方案：向桨叶喷射更多气泡降噪，明确对应选项C “在桨叶生成更多气泡”。
干扰项：A项未提及具体技术，B项是英属哥伦比亚大学的方案，D项是处理次要噪音源(20%的引擎噪音)与“气泡屏障降噪”不符。
解析
8.What’s the passage mainly about
A. Strategies to prevent ships from making noises.
B. Innovations to minimize underwater ship noise.
C. Adapted propeller designs to restore undersea quiet.
D. Negative impacts of underwater noise on marine life.
主旨大意题。 全文以“问题→解决方案”展开：提出问题(Para. 1)：航运噪音威胁海洋生物→解决办法(Para.2)：因减少航运不可行，故需技术革新(改进螺旋桨/消音材料)→噪音根源(Para.3)：旋转的螺旋桨导致空化现象(气泡破裂→低频噪音)→具体技术创新(Paras 4~5)。由该结构可推出，选项B“减少船舶水下噪音的创新技术”覆盖全文。
解析
积累
重点词 dampen vt.抑制，控制，减弱(感情、反应等)
语块 ①come under threat from受到……的威胁；面临……的威胁 ②level off (停止升降而)保持水平；保持平稳发展 ③integrate ... into ... (使)合并，成为一体
熟词 生僻义 quiet熟义：adj.轻声的；安静的；僻静的；寂静的 生僻义：v. (使)安静下来，平静些
(2025·福州四模) 体裁：说明文 主题语境：自然生态 难度：★★★★☆
Soratobu Medaka, a children’s book, tells the story of tiny medaka fish riding on a bird to a distant pond. It has delighted children, but now it’s revealed to be true.
Researchers have long struggled to explain how fish turn up in lakes far from other bodies of water, a mystery even Charles Darwin noted in 1859, when he suggested that aquatic (水生的) hatchlings might stick to the feet of birds, though his bright idea remained a theory.
In 2019, Yao Akifumi, a biology student then, wondered if Darwin might have been right and further wondered if fish-hunting birds might transport egg-bearing aquatic plants stuck to their feet. To test this, he set up two ponds one metre apart, one containing 36 plants and the other without, both equipped with camera traps. After six months, some plants had switched ponds, and one camera captured a bird flying away with a plant on its foot. Next, Yao aimed to see if fish eggs could weather the journey being carried out of water. He attached tiny medaka eggs to aquatic plants and removed them for zero to 24 hours—at favorable hatching conditions—before returning them.
In a paper in Science of Nature, Mr. Yao reports that the medaka eggs can successfully hatch after up to 18 hours out of the water. Eggs without a plant leaf to attach to rarely survived a few hours. The big drop in survival was at 16.3 hours, when half the eggs became lifeless.
Whether any egg could survive that long, given that a bird’s average flight-speed is around 39kph, is doubtful, says Mr. Yao, since wind exposure during such a long journey would dry them out.
Shorter journeys, however, are certainly possible. And since many other medaka-like species are found throughout Asia, the chances are high that hitchhiking (搭便车) explains how they have ended up in lakes with seemingly no connection to other water bodies. Yet again, it would seem, Darwin’s theories turn out to be correct.
本文通过讲述一个儿童故事背后的科学发现，介绍了研究人员如何通过实验验证达尔文关于鱼类可能通过鸟类传播的理论。
9.Why does the author mention Darwin’s idea
A. To introduce an academic term.
B. To provide research background.
C. To question a well-known theory.
D. To explore new research methods.
推理判断题。第二段提到达尔文1859年的假说(鱼卵可能附着在鸟脚上传播)，并指出其长期未被证实(his bright idea remained a theory)，而姚的实验正是为了验证这一假说，因此作者提到达尔文的理论是为了提供研究背景和科学基础。故选B项。
解析
10.What evidence did Yao find to support his assumption
A. Birds flying between ponds.
B. Fish eggs surviving on plants.
C. A plant growing in both ponds.
D. A bird carrying a plant on its foot.
细节理解题。第三段首句明确研究目的：验证达尔文的假说(wondered if Darwin might have been right)，并提出具体假设——鸟类通过脚部携带含鱼卵的水生植物传播鱼类。在实验设置中，姚通过摄像头捕捉到鸟类携带水生植物飞离池塘的直接证据(one camera captured a bird flying away with a plant on its foot)。这一观察结果直接验证了“鱼卵可能通过附着在植物上被鸟类传播”的假设。
解析
11.What may increase medaka eggs’ survival
A. Birds’ flying route. B. Wind exposure.
C. Supporting leaves. D. Longer journeys.
细节理解题。 第四段对比具体实验数据：附着叶片的鱼卵可存活18小时，而无叶片的仅存活几个小时，附着在植物叶片上的鱼卵存活时间显著延长。由此可知，可附着的叶子提高medaka卵的存活率。故选C项。
干扰项：原文强调叶片对鱼卵的保护作用(避免干燥)，而A项(飞行路线)、B项(风力暴露)、D项(更长旅程)均为降低存活率的因素(见第五段)。
解析
12.What is the main idea of the text
A. Children’s book inspires research.
B. Origin of fish has been uncovered.
C. Fish’s hitch riding has been proved.
D. Eggs and plants have a close relation.
全文大意题。首段指出儿童绘本的情节被证实为真，第二段引入达尔文的假设(鱼卵附着鸟脚迁移)，第三段介绍姚的研究动机和实验设计，第4~5段介绍其研究结果； 尾段总结：鱼卵通过“搭便车”传播是孤立水域鱼类出现的合理解释(hitchhiking explains how they have ended up in lakes)，最终证实了达尔文的假说(Darwin’s theories turn out to be correct)。由此可知，全文围绕“鱼卵通过鸟类携带植物迁移”的假设展开实验验证，故C项准确概括核心结论。
解析
