高考英语二轮复习阅读七选五专题题型突破课时教学课件（6份ppt打包）

(共54张PPT)
专题二　阅读七选五
第二讲　把握设空位置
任务一　把握段首句的解题技巧
　技巧1　　　据形似性原则，确定段落主题句
【典例1】　（2025 浙江1月卷节选）
　　·Don’t use ten words when one will do.
　　Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. 38.As the speaker， you already know what you’re going to say. However， they’re hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple.
　　· 　3911　
　　If you’ve ever worked as an instructor， manager， trainer or coach， you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others. Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills.
A. Be patient.
B. Get the audience involved.
C. The best messages are often simple.
D. Speak directly to what matters to them.
［解题思路］　设空处为段落小标题，应概括段落主题。观察其他段落的主题 句可知，主题句的句式均为祈使句，故缩小范围至A、B、D三项。通读段落内 容，尤其是根据关键表述“Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies”以及“Allow them to lead discussions and meetings”可知，本段通过提供让听众贡献想法、解释新概念和 政策、主导讨论等建议，强调要让听众参与到沟通交流活动中。B项“让听众参 与其中。”能概括该段核心内容，符合语境。
［自主解答］　B
　技巧2　　　据一致性原则，确定段落主题句
【典例2】　（2024 新课标Ⅰ卷节选）I keep two reference books close-by on my desk： dictionary and thesaurus（同义词词典）. I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. 37.It takes no account of the context. Of course， these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses， but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
　　 　38　 It should give you a precise definition of each word， thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar， but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
A. I don’t often use this dictionary.
E. Of course， a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
［解题思路］　根据本段中的“It should give you a precise definition of each word， thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar， but not identical.” 可知，本段讲述词典的多重功能。结合选项可知，E项“当然，词典不仅仅用于拼 写。”适合作本段的主题句。
［自主解答］　E
　技巧3　　　瞻前顾后，确定段落过渡句
【典例3】　Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago， they eat great food and never gain weight. 38.The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead， they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
　　 　39　 On our first morning in Paris， I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18！
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live， in some way， like real Parisians.
［解题思路］　根据空处所在位置可知，本空很可能是承上启下的过渡句。根据空处 上一段的内容可知，上一段介绍了法国人吃得少的一个原因是他们的食物美味，少量 就可满足，所以本段应继续介绍法国人吃得少的另一个原因。结合选项可知，E项 “这并不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因。”引出本段要讲的“价格贵”这一原 因，符合语境，其中的That指代上一段中论述的原因。
［自主解答］　E
任务二　把握段中句的解题技巧
　　段中题通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。考查要点有：总分 关系、解释关系、例证关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系和并列关系。有时会出 现下列衔接词汇或短语结构：first， second， then， next， later， soon， so， but， however， additionally， what’s more， that is， namely， in other words， for one thing... for another等。这些词汇和短语结构在文章中起到提示逻辑关系的作用，是 解题时需要重点关注的部分。
　技巧1　　　据总分关系确定答案
【典例1】　（2023 全国乙卷节选）
　　Why are indoor plants good for you？
　　Will Spoelstra， who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens， says， “ 　38　. I find during the winter months， plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity， focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases， such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 39.Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best.
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead， they grow better inside， where it is warmer
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
［解题思路］　空处所在段的小标题“为什么室内植物对你有益”表明本段的主题， 本段第一句引用英国皇家植物园的工作人员斯波尔斯特拉的话呼应主题。另外，空后 的句子说冬天的时候，室内植物确实能提升情绪，这就是在讲室内植物的益处。结合 选项可知，C项“室内种植植物有很多益处”可将这些信息关联起来，引起后文论述 的种植植物的好处，形成“总分”结构。
［自主解答］　C
技巧2　　　据解释关系确定答案
【典例2】　（2025 全国Ⅱ卷节选）
　　· You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.
　　 　38　 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.
A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E. For adults， volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before.
G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
［解题思路］　根据本段小标题“You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.”可 知，本段主要介绍定期参与志愿服务对身体健康的益处；再结合空后针对成年人进行 的研究可推知，设空处应提到志愿服务与成年人身体健康之间的关系。E项“对成年 人来说，参与志愿服务能够提供显著的身体健康益处。”符合语境，且下文中的 “had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age”是对E项 中的“physical health benefits”的进一步解释说明。
［自主解答］　E
　技巧3　　　据例证关系确定答案
【典例3】　（2023 全国甲卷节选）
　　·Make yourself wait
　　Instant gratification（满足） may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time， but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 　38　. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice， the more you start to apply it to other， more annoying situations.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable， not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
［解题思路］　上文建议人们学会等待，虽然即时满足让人感觉很好，但是从长久来 看，等待会让人更快乐。下文是一系列具体的事情，例如把自己最喜欢的电视节目推 迟到周末再看，多等10分钟再吃蛋糕。结合选项可知，B项“从小事情开始练起”使 上下文语义连贯，起到承上启下的作用，并且能与下文形成例证关系，符合语境。
［自主解答］　B
　　表示转折关系的连接词有but， however， whereas， nevertheless， nonetheless， still， though， yet， in spite of， at any rate， in any case， whoever， whatever， on the contrary， in contrast， by contrast， in comparison， by comparison， conversely， otherwise， not... but...等。
　技巧4　　　据转折关系确定答案
【典例4】　（2025 浙江1月卷节选）
　　·Don’t use ten words when one will do.
　　Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand. 　3811　 However， they’re hearing it for the first time. Keep it simple.
A. Be patient.
B. Get the audience involved.
C. The best messages are often simple.
D. Speak directly to what matters to them.
E. You may be surprised by what your listeners offer.
F. It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.
G. As the speaker， you already know what you’re going to say.
［解题思路］　小标题Don’t use ten words when one will do.和空前的“Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand.”都在强调沟通时 语言要简洁清晰。由空后的However可知，设空处应与空后内容构成转折关系。G项 “作为说话者，你已经知道你要说什么了。”符合语境，直接点明说话者对所讲内容 的熟悉程度，与空后提到的“听众第一次听到这些内容”形成鲜明对比，空后的it指 代G项中的“what you’re going to say”。
［自主解答］　G
　　表示因果关系的连接词有as a result， consequently， thus， therefore， so/such... that...等。
技巧5　　　据因果关系确定答案
【典例5】　（2024 全国甲卷节选）Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. 　37　 It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food， so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
A. Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don’t always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don’t swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead， surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us， moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won’t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
［解题思路］　根据本段主旨句可知，本段围绕“慢慢吃”展开。设空后进一 步说明了慢慢吃的原因：大脑需要几分钟来告诉身体已经摄入足够的食物。结 合选项可知，C项“不要在上班路上狼吞虎咽。”呼应下文的原因解释，符合 “前果后因”的逻辑。
［自主解答］　C
　　表示递进关系的连接词有also， further， furthermore， likewise， similarly， moreover， in addition， what’s more， too， either， neither， not only... but also...等。
技巧6　　　据递进关系确定答案
【典例6】　（2025 全国Ⅰ卷节选）“I enjoy working in the cafe，” Murphy said. 　40　 She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.
A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B. She has two children aged eight and four.
C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D. After finishing an order， she calls out the name on the cup.
E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks， it also serves up smiles.
F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
［解题思路］　根据上文“I enjoy working in the cafe”可知，墨菲喜欢在咖啡馆工 作；再根据下文“She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.”可知，墨菲想一直待在咖啡馆做自己热爱的事情。G项中的“has served here for 17 years”用具体工作年限体现她对咖啡馆的长期投入，呼应上文的“enjoy working in the cafe”； “can’t imagine working anywhere else”与下文的“has every intention of staying”形成递进关系，说明墨菲视咖啡馆为唯一选择，逻辑衔接紧密， 符合语境。
［自主解答］　G
技巧7　　　据并列关系确定答案
【典例7】　（2022 新高考Ⅰ卷节选）So， how do you find a workout partner？
　　First of all， decide what you want from that person. 　37　 Or do you just want to be physically fit， able to move with strength and flexibility？ Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport？
E. How can you write a good “seeking a training partner” notice？
［解题思路］　根据下文“Or do you just want to be physically fit， able to move with strength and flexibility？”中的Or可知，空处与下文构成并列关系，也应是在提出问 题，所以答案锁定在D、E两项之间；再结合上下文意思可知，空处应与“明确你找 健身伙伴的目的”有关。结合选项可知，D项“你想在你最喜欢的体育运动方面成为 一个更好的运动员吗？”与下文在结构（一般疑问句）和逻辑上均构成并列关系，符 合语境。
［自主解答］　D
任务三　把握段尾句的解题技巧
技巧1　　　据主题句或总结句确定答案
　　People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet， research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 　3711　
E. For adults， volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before.
G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
【典例1】　（2025 全国Ⅱ卷节选）
　　·You’ll feel like you have more time.
［解题思路］　根据本段小标题“You’ll feel like you have more time.”可 知，参与志愿服务会让你感觉有更多的时间。由此可推知，设空处应提到志愿 服务与时间管理之间的关系。G项“参与志愿服务让你觉得自己有能力，并激励 你充分利用每一天。”中的“make the most of each day”与空前的“you have more of it”相呼应，符合语境。
［自主解答］　G
　技巧2　　　据段落过渡句确定答案
【典例2】　（2023 全国甲卷节选）
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
　　Here’s a riddle： What do traffic jams， long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common？ There’s one answer： 　36　.
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable， not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
［解题思路］　空前一句是作者提出的问题：交通堵塞、排长队与等待假期开启有什 么共同之处？结合选项可知，G项“它们都是那些我们需要多一点点耐心的场合”是 对前面问题的回答，可将前后表述衔接起来，使段落内语义保持连贯。
［自主解答］　G
技巧3　　　据补充信息句确定答案
【典例3】　（2023 全国乙卷节选）
　　Why are indoor plants good for you？
　　Will Spoelstra， who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens， says， “38.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors. I find during the winter months， plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity， focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases， such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 　39　.
D. Instead， they grow better inside， where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
［解题思路］　空处位于段尾，与前文存在例证、补充说明关系。空前句讲到室内植 物可以去除油漆或者烹饪过程中产生的一些有害化学物质，结合选项可知，E项“像 白鹤芋（peace lilies）和绿萝（devil’s ivy）之类的植物是其中效果最好的”在语义上 能够作为例证承接前句。
［自主解答］　E
　　（2025 山东济南摸底考试）Children experience the joy and wonder of new experiences almost daily. However， for many adults， these emotions get lost in the day- to-day repetition of everyday life and routine. 　111　
　　Trying new things is good for our brain. It helps us think more creatively and enhances confidence. It also helps us destress in that a new experience can help break harmful or negative routines. 　2　 We will consider things from new and different perspectives.
　　It is obvious that trying new things is good for our mental health. 　3　 Participating in new physical activities can improve our physical fitness， boost our energy levels， and enhance our overall health. For example， trying a new sport or exercise routine can increase our flexibility and strength. Having new experiences can also have a positive impact on our social lives. 　4　 When we step out of our comfort zones and engage in new activities， we meet people with different backgrounds and perspectives， which can broaden our horizons and enrich our lives. Building new relationships can provide us with a sense of belonging.
　　Still， it can be scary to break routine and try something totally different. 　5　 Start small by breaking a goal into smaller steps. And be very specific about the goal. For example， instead of aiming to work on arm strength， make a goal of doing twenty arm curls（弯曲运动） a day. In addition， be realistic and make sure the goal is practicable in terms of finances and free time.
　　While it is easy to get caught up in the daily tiring activities of life， always keep in mind that doing something new can be the best thing we can do for ourselves. So we’d better make the wise choice.
A. However， it is also good for our body.
B. It can help us expand our social connections.
C. Luckily there are practical tips to make a change.
D. New experiences are critical to overcoming fears.
E. Doing something new also promotes flexible thinking.
F. Every new experience contributes to our personal growth.
G. And yet， new experiences are vital for our overall wellbeing.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了尝试新事物对成年人在心 理、身体和社交等方面的益处。
解析：空前一句提到，许多成年人因日常生活的重复而失去了新的经历带来的快乐和 惊喜。G项“然而，新的经历对于我们的整体幸福是非常重要的。”说明新的经历的 重要性，且与第二段第一句和第三段第一句呼应。故选G。
解析：本段主要介绍尝试新事物对大脑有好处。E项“做某件新的事情也能够促进思 维的灵活性。”符合语境，其中的also promotes与本段中的helps、enhances、also helps是同义复现，且flexible thinking与后文“consider things from new and different perspectives”语义一致。故选E。
答案：G
答案：E
解析：本段第一句提到尝试新事物对我们的心理健康有好处；而下文的“improve our physical fitness， boost our energy levels， and enhance our overall health”总结它带来 的身体方面的好处。A项“然而，它对我们的身体也有好处。”通过However实现语 义转折，承上启下，符合语境。故选A。
答案：A
解析：根据空前句可知，有新的经历也会对我们的社交生活产生积极的影响。根据空 后可知，当我们走出我们的舒适圈，参与到新的活动中，我们会遇到有着不同背景、 不同观点的人，这能开阔我们的眼界并丰富我们的生活，建立新的关系能给我们一种 归属感。B项“它能帮助我们扩大我们的社会联系。”准确概括了这一过程，其中的 “expand our social connections”与下文的“meet people with different backgrounds and perspectives” “Building new relationships”相呼应。故选B。
答案：B
解析：空前提到打破常规、尝试完全不同的事物可能会让人害怕，空后“从小处着 手，把一个目标分成较小的步骤，并且把目标定得非常具体”在告诉我们具体该如何 打破常规、去尝试一些不同的事情。C项“幸运的是，有一些实用的建议可以帮助我 们做出改变。”承上启下，符合语境，其中的“practical tips”与下文的“Start small”“be very specific”等相呼应。故选C。
答案：C(共29张PPT)
专题二　阅读七选五
第一讲　把握细节衔接
复习要求：要求学生：1.能够快速识别文章类型，从整体上把握文章结构和各语块之 间的联系；2.运用语篇标志，分析和理解句子的类型、意义及功能；3.理解段落与段 落之间、句子与句子之间、句子与段落之间的内在联系，准确把握文章脉络。
卷别 年份 文本词数 体裁 主题 小标题 设空位置
段首 段中 段尾
全国Ⅰ 卷 2025 247 记叙 文 人与社会 热爱事业的咖啡馆员工 无 0 4 1
新课
标Ⅰ卷 2024 253 说明 文 人与自我 使用英文词典 无 1 4 0
2023 230 说明 文 人与自我 自我宽恕 无 0 4 1
全国
Ⅱ卷 2025 242 说明 文 人与社会 家庭志愿服务的好处 有 2 2 1
卷别 年份 文本
词数 体裁 主题 小标题 设空位置
段首 段中 段尾
新课
标Ⅱ卷 2024 250 说明 文 人与社会 如何缓解过度旅游 有 1 3 1
2023 246 说明 文 人与社会 如何开启艺术之旅 无 1 3 1
浙江
1月卷 2025 256 说明 文 人与社会 如何进行有效沟通 有 1 3 1
2024 252 说明 文 人与自我 在线学习的注意事项 无 1 3 1
2023 280 说明 文 人与社会 如何使乘火车旅行尽可能愉快 无 0 5 0
命题解读：1.主题语境：以“人与社会”“人与自我”主题为主。
2. 文章体裁：以说明文为主，题材丰富、广泛，突出实用性、知识性、服务性。语篇 的文本结构灵活多样，往往具有较强的层次性和逻辑性。
3. 文本形式：无小标题类占比较大，相较于有小标题类文本而言，此类题目难度较 大，对学生理解语篇结构的能力要求更高。
4. 设空特点：（1）分布均匀：一般一段一题（少于5段或某段较长，可能一段两 题）；（2）设空位置：以段中设题为主，兼顾段首句和段尾句。
5. 选项特点：选项设置兼顾句、段、篇三个层面，七个句子由短到长依次排列。从选 项的功能来看，仍然分为总结概括句、衔接过渡句以及细节支撑句。多余的两个干扰 项往往也从这几方面进行设置。
【典例1】　（2024 全国甲卷节选）What is moderation（适度）？ Basically， it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal， but not too full. 　36　 But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.
　手段1　　　原词衔接
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead， surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us， moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won’t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
［解题思路］　本段首句提出问题，空前两句解释什么是“适度”，空处应衔接上 文，进一步给出对“适度”的解释。means为原词复现。
［自主解答］　F
　　常用于代词衔接的代词有：
　　（1）人称代词：it， he， she， we， they等。
　　（2）指示代词：this， that， these， those。
　　（3）疑问代词/副词：which， who， what； when， where， why， how。
　　（4）不定代词：every， each， both， all， other， others， another等。
　手段2　　　代词衔接
【典例2】　（2025 全国Ⅰ卷节选）One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious（有感染力） and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright， a senior political science major， loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. 　39　 “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face， which always puts me in a cheerful mood，” Wright said.
A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B. She has two children aged eight and four.
C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D. After finishing an order， she calls out the name on the cup.
E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks， it also serves up smiles.
F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
［解题思路］　根据上文“her smile is contagious（有感染力） and can be the difference in a student having a much better day”可知，凯瑟琳 墨菲的微笑有感染力， 能让学生度过更美好的一天。设空处前一句指出学生乔安娜 赖特每周至少六天去咖 啡馆；根据设空处后一句赖特的表述可知，凯瑟琳 墨菲的微笑让她心情愉悦。由此 可推知，设空处应体现她频繁去咖啡馆与凯瑟琳 墨菲的笑容的关联。F项中的“starts her day off good”与下文的“puts me in a cheerful mood”呼应，her指代上文中的 Joanna Wright，逻辑连贯，符合语境。
［自主解答］　F
　　常见的副词（连词）衔接的词包括however， but， so， therefore， also， too， either， again等。
【典例3】　（2023 全国乙卷节选）Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much， but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 　36　， but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood（心 情）， reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more， indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
　手段3　　　副词（连词）衔接
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead， they grow better inside， where it is warmer
［解题思路］　空前提到室内植物是家里的无名英雄，空处所在句的后半句由but引 出，说的是有研究表明，植物能够改善人们的心情、减缓压力、增强记忆，从而提升 人们的幸福感。B项“它们不仅看起来很美”可将前后表述衔接起来，其中的Not only与空后的but构成语义上的递进关系“不但……而且……”，保持段落内语义的连 贯性。
［自主解答］　B
【典例4】　（2024 新课标Ⅱ卷节选）Travel promotes understanding， expands our minds， makes us better people， and boosts local economies and communities， but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 　36　 Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So， should we stop traveling？
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then？
　手段4　　　标点符号衔接
［解题思路］　空后的“Certainly not.”应是对某个问题作出的回答。由此可判断， 空处应是一个一般疑问句，答案应从B、D两项中选择。根据后文“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.”可知，作者认为失去旅游的代价 无法接受（即不应停止旅游）。由此可知，空处应提问是否应该停止旅游。
［自主解答］　B
　手段5　　　语义场衔接
　　语义场的主要类型有五种：类属义场、顺序义场、关系义场、同义义场、 反义义场。
【典例5】　（2025 全国Ⅰ卷节选）Need a break between classes or just a quick pick- me-up in the morning？ The College Cafe has just that， and more. 　3611　
A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B. She has two children aged eight and four.
C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D. After finishing an order， she calls out the name on the cup.
E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks， it also serves up smiles.
F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
［解题思路］　根据上文“The College Cafe has just that， and more.”可知，大学咖 啡馆不仅能满足这些需求，还能带来更多，设空处应承接上文，介绍咖啡馆除了能够 提供饮品和休息场所外还具备的额外价值。E项中的“serve up drinks”呼应上文中的 “has just that”， “serves up smiles”呼应上文中的“and more”，指出该咖啡馆除 了供应饮品，还能给人带来精神上的积极感受，构成同义义场，符合语境。
［自主解答］　E
【典例6】　（2024 全国甲卷节选）Control emotional（情绪的） eating. 　39　 Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness， loneliness， or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions， you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.
A. Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don’t always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don’t swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead， surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us， moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won’t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
［解题思路］　空前“控制情绪性进食”是段落主旨，空后说“人们借助进食应对不 愉快的情绪”，故空处应呼应段落主旨，并承接下文。B项“我们不总是为了充饥而 吃食物。”可承上启下，构成顺序义场。
［自主解答］　B
　　（2025 湖北武汉调研考试）They say scuba diving opens up a world of possibilities， from learning new skills to exploring places beyond your imagination. A few years ago， I was lucky enough to experience all these on a reef dive at the Gili Islands in Indonesia.
　　After my first dive， I realized that it has far more in common with yoga than it does with extreme sports. On land， switching off your brain can be a struggle. Breathing is something that just happens without thinking. When you’re diving， it’s a totally different ball game. 　1　 You’re suddenly aware of how your movements connect with each intake of breath.
　　It’s hard to feel distracted（分心的） when diving. Nature is putting on such a
show-stopping performance that you are fully absorbed. You’re right there on stage， in the moment. 　211　
　　Something I hadn’t really considered before my first scuba dive was just how human- centric our lives are on land. Everything seems to go around the human experience. But when you dive， it’s a different story entirely. 　3　 A guest in someone else’s home.
　　 　4　 Almost everything in front of you is alive and part of a delicate ecosystem of life. Here， clownfish weave among sea anemones（海葵） and parrotfish feed on their favorite coral（珊瑚）. 　5　 Nothing is ours to take or touch. Suddenly， your own world feels rather tiny and you realize you’re just part of the world.
A. All of a sudden， you’re the outsider.
B. Everything here has its place and purpose.
C. This is what living in the present feels like.
D. Rarely do you take the time to stop and just “be”.
E. Exploring the undersea world is a humbling experience.
F. Your breathing becomes slow， purposeful and rhythmic.
G. Your heart races， your breath quickens and logical thinking goes out.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在印度尼西亚吉利群岛 的一次潜水经历，这次经历让作者对人类在自然界中的位置进行了反思，同时表达了 对自然世界的敬畏。
解析：空前提到在陆地上，呼吸是自然而然发生、不需要思考的事情。当你在潜水 时，情况完全不同了。F项“你的呼吸变得缓慢、有意识和有节奏。”承前说明潜水 时的呼吸变化，与上文形成对比。故选F。
答案：F
解析：空处位于段尾，应起到总结上文的作用。上文提到潜水时很难分心，大自然正 在上演一场精彩绝伦的表演，让你完全被吸引，你就站在舞台上，活在此时此刻。C 项“这就是活在当下的感觉。”是对上文的总结，C项中的This指代上文描述的潜水 时的状态。故选C。
答案：C
解析：上文提到我们在陆地上的生活以人类为中心，而在潜水时完全是另一回事。因 此空处应介绍潜水时的体验，且与“以人类为中心”相对。A项“突然间，你成了局 外人。”符合语境，且A项中的outsider与空后的“A guest in someone else’s home.”呼 应。故选A。
答案：A
解析：空处位于段首，其作用应是概括下文。下文描述了海底世界的生态系统，例如 “clownfish weave among sea anemones（海葵） and parrotfish feed on their favorite coral（珊瑚）”，这些描述突出了海底生态系统的复杂性和独特性。因此这种体验让 人意识到自己在自然界中的渺小，这种感觉正是“谦卑”的一种体现。段落最后一句 也提到，突然间，你觉得自己的世界非常渺小，你意识到你只是世界的一部分。E项 “探索海底世界是一种令人谦卑的经历。”可以概括本段内容。故选E。
答案：E
解析：上文讲在海底，你面前的几乎所有事物都是有生命的，是脆弱的生命生态系统 的一部分。空后讲在海底，没有什么是人们可以拿走或触摸的。B项“这里的一切都 有它的位置和目的。”承接上文，且与下文衔接紧密。故选B。
答案：B(共30张PPT)
专题二　阅读七选五
冲刺集训十四　把握细节衔接
A
Launch Your Spiritual Journey
　　A spiritual journey is a personal adventure where you dive deep into understanding and connecting with your inner self. 　1　 To achieve a profound sense of your spiritual essence. Here’s a simple guide on how to start your spiritual journey.
Set your intentions
　　Like preparing for a marathon， the first step is to establish your goals. 　2　 Are you looking for inner peace or a deeper understanding of your life purpose？ As you navigate your spiritual journey， you can reflect on these intentions， reminding yourself of why you started and what you’re striving for.
Read and learn
　　Consider books about spirituality and personal growth as your guidance. They are packed with valuable insights and practical advice. Keep in mind that it’s not about gathering much information. 　3　 So take moments to think about these ideas and see how they fit in with your experiences.
Find a mentor
　　A mentor can serve a significant role in your spiritual exploration. And your mentor could be anyone—a spiritual teacher， a trusted friend， or even a family member， who has a profound understanding of the spiritual world. They’ve journeyed through the ups and downs， faced challenges， and emerged enlightened. 　4　 It can brighten your path and make the journey feel less overwhelming.
Maintain a spiritual diary
　　This diary is a tangible reflection of your inner explorations， and plays a vital role in your spiritual progression. Writing regularly can foster mindfulness and enhance self- awareness. 　5　 Finally， this diary can allow you to revisit those past entries， recognize your growth， and draw inspiration for the future.
　　Now that you’ve uncovered the steps to launch a spiritual journey， why not get a taste of this transformative experience？
A. But the truth？
B. And the ultimate goal？
C. Their wisdom， therefore， can be a lighthouse for you.
D. It’s a voyage into the deepest corners of your memories.
E. This means identifying what you hope to achieve or discover.
F. It’s about finding the wisdom that truly speaks to your journey.
G. It can also help you express and strengthen your understandings.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了开始精神之旅的简单指南。
解析：空前句子介绍了精神之旅的概念，即精神之旅是一次个人冒险，在这里你可以 深入了解和连接你的内心世界。空处应能承接上文，说明精神之旅的相关信息。空后 是一个表目的的不定式短语，表示“为了能深刻理解你的精神本质”，空处应能引出 这一目的。所以空处应是询问精神之旅的目标，B项“那么（它的）终极目标是什 么？”符合语境。故选B项。
答案：B
解析：空前句子提到第一步是设定你的目标，空后问句提到你可能想要实现的目标， 所以空处应是进一步说明“设定目标”这件事，E项“这意味着确定你希望实现或发 现的事情。”符合语境。其中“identifying what you hope to achieve or discover”是文 中“to establish your goals”的同义转换。故选E项。
答案：E
解析：空前句子提到阅读不是为了收集很多信息，空处应是说明阅读对于精神之旅的 真正作用。故F项“它与寻找真正适合你的旅程的智慧有关。”符合语境。其中“It’s about”与空前的“it’s not about”呼应，“wisdom”与空后句子中的“ideas”呼应。 故选F项。
答案：F
解析：上文中的“They’ve journeyed through the ups and downs， faced challenges， and emerged enlightened.”说明了精神导师的优势，下文应该继续以上文用到的人称 来说明他们可以给你带来的好处，C项“因此，他们的智慧可以成为你的灯塔。”符 合语境。空后句子中的It指代选项中的lighthouse。故选C项。
答案：C
解析：根据本段小标题及空处前后句子可判断，本段介绍写精神日记这一建议及其好 处，从句式结构、句意、逻辑关系词（also）方面可以判断G项“这也能有助于你表 达并巩固自己的理解。”也在说明写日记的好处，符合语境。选项中的It指代 “Writing regularly”。故选G项。
答案：G
B
　　I hated writing growing up. But I couldn’t avoid it： Learning English was a must in high school. For hours， I stared at blank pages， trying to turn my disorganized thoughts into fluent sentences. I tried my best but my teachers would return my papers littered with red. I was frustrated to no end. 　1　 And that was OK. I didn’t have to be good at everything.
　　 　2　 I liked it that objective truths could be found if I searched properly. In college， I joined a research lab to enhance conductor efficiency， and after a year of hard work， we developed a design that halved energy loss. However， the joy was short-lived as I had to write a research paper about our findings.
　　I knew that if I wanted to become an academic， I would need to spend time penning papers. But with my awful track record with writing， I was scared of failing. In a panic， I asked a graduate student in my lab for help. We defined a goal for the paper， and I carefully wrote an outline. But when I asked him for feedback， I soon found the paper covered in red marks. 　3　
　　Before I could give up in defeat， though， the graduate student explained those red marks didn’t mean I was a bad writer. 　4　 It requires revising your work， often several times. I kept improving the outline of my paper， eventually turning it into sentences and paragraphs. My initial draft wasn’t perfect. I had buried a few key takeaways， and the introduction was missing important context. But with help， I finally made it.
　　From then on， writing became one of my favorite parts of research. 　5　 But I came around. All it took was some trial and error.
A. “Not again，” I screamed inside.
B. I should view it in a positive way.
C. Maybe I wasn’t cut out for writing.
D. Writing isn’t a one-and-done thing.
E. I soon realized writing was my strength.
F. I switched to the world of math and science.
G. I had never imagined it in my wildest dreams.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了作者从讨厌写作到最终克服困难 并爱上写作的过程。
解析：上文讲作者尽最大努力写的文章满是老师红色的批改痕迹，作者对此感 到非常沮丧；下文讲这没关系，作者没必要事事都擅长。空处应讲作者认为自 己不擅长写作，故C项“也许我不适合写作。”承接上文，且空后的that指代C 项的内容。故选C项。
答案：C
解析：第一段讲作者不擅长写作，空后讲作者喜欢如果方法得当就能找到客观真理的 这种感觉，上大学时，作者加入一个研究实验室，致力于提高导体效率。由此可知， 空处应涉及作者放弃写作转向其他领域。故F项“我转而投身于数学和科学领域。” 承上启下。故选F项。
答案：F
解析：上文讲作者找研究生帮忙，论文又布满了红色的批改痕迹，A项“‘不会又这 样吧，’我在心里高喊道。”表达了作者此时的无奈和沮丧，且选项中的again呼应 第一段的“my papers littered with red”。故选A项。
答案：A
解析：根据下文“It requires revising your work， often several times.”可知，写作需要 多次修订，故D项“写作不是一蹴而就的事情。”与下文衔接紧密。空后的It指代选 项中的Writing。故选D项。
答案：D
解析：空前讲写作成了作者做研究时最喜欢的部分之一，而第一段描述了作者对写作 的讨厌，故G项“这是我做梦都没想到的事情。”符合语境，选项中的it指代空前 “writing became one of my favorite parts of research”这件事。故选G项。
答案：G
C
　　When I was asked to take part in forest bathing， I packed a swimsuit， assuming it must involve a refreshing swim in the water. 　11　
　　I met Forest Therapy（治疗） guide Melanie Choukas-Bradley and several other women who’d come along for the adventure at an urban forest. Here， I began to get it. Forest bathing isn’t a bath. We sat on the banks of the river， but we did not get in the water. 　2　 We did walk the forest tracks， but we wandered with no destination in mind.
　　The aim of forest bathing， Choukas-Bradley explained， is to slow down and become fully bathed in the natural environment. She helped us tune in to the forest’s smells， tastes and sights. 　3　 As we passed through the trees， we touched their trunks， feeling the roughness beneath our fingers. We smelled the flowers， each breath being a celebration of nature’s beauty.
　　There’s a growing body of evidence that shows forest bathing can help boost moods and reduce stress. 　4　 A 2011 study comparing city walks to forest walks found the forest environment led to greater reductions in blood pressure， despite both activities requiring equal physical effort.
　　 　5　 Most of human history was spent in environments that lack buildings and walls， and our bodies have adapted to living in the natural world. But today most of us spend much of our life indoors. Perhaps the new forest bathing trend is a recognition that many of us need a little nudge to get back out there.
A. It’s not a hike， either.
B. It turned out that my interpretation was literal.
C. The benefits of nature can be accessed simply.
D. Forest bathing frees us from worldly engagements.
E. The idea that spending time in nature is good is not new.
F. Indeed， medical researchers have demonstrated its benefits.
G. We took in the peaceful surroundings by using all our senses.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。作者主要讲述了自己参加森林浴的经历，同 时介绍了什么是森林浴以及森林浴的好处。
解析：根据第二段中的“Here， I began to get it. Forest bathing isn’t a bath. We sat on the banks of the river， but we did not get in the water.”可知，作者后来才理解森林浴究 竟是什么，因此森林浴并不是游泳。根据设空处上文可推知，作者原以为森林浴就是 下水游泳，即作者仅从字面上理解了森林浴，而下文表明作者的想法是错误的。B项 “原来我理解的是字面意思。”承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。
答案：B
解析：根据上文“We sat on the banks of the river， but we did not get in the water.”以 及下文“We did walk the forest tracks， but we wandered with no destination in mind.” 可知，真正的森林浴不是下水游泳，而是在森林里漫无目的地漫步。由此可知，森林 浴也不是有目的的徒步旅行。A项“它也不是徒步旅行。”中的It指代上文的Forest bathing； either呼应上文“Forest bathing isn’t a bath.”。故选A项。
答案：A
解析：根据空后内容可知，触摸、感受、闻花香、呼吸都是在强调感官体验。故G项 “我们运用我们的一切感官感受宁静的环境。”引起下文，符合语境。故选G项。
解析：根据本段首句可知，诸多证据表明，森林浴可以帮助改善情绪、减轻压力。F 项“实际上，医学研究人员已经证明了它的好处。”从医学角度说明森林浴的好处， 承接上文，同时引出后文的研究内容。且该项中的its与空前的forest bathing相呼应， 符合语境。故选F项。
答案：G
答案：F
解析：根据空后内容可知，人类历史的大部分时间是在缺少建筑和墙壁的环境中度过 的，我们的身体已经适应了生活在自然界中。由此可推知，自古以来，人类已经花了 很多时间在自然中享受生活，因此E项“花时间在大自然中是件好事的想法并不新 鲜。”衔接下文，并概括本段主旨，符合语境。故选E项。
答案：E(共59张PPT)
专题二　阅读七选五
冲刺集训十六　把握语篇明显标志与隐性提示
集训1　行文标志、句式结构
A
　　If you’ve been feeling a little pale and dried out， imagine how your houseplants feel in winter. While the sun streams in through windows all summer long， during winter it’s all shadows and drafts. 　1　. Here are the four ways you can make them happier.
　　Adjust the light. It’s not only that the sunlight is lower in the sky—it’s also available for fewer hours in the day. To guarantee your plants are getting enough light， you can try moving them closer to southern-facing windows. 　2　. Plant lights can ensure that your plant gets enough light where it needs it.
　　Slow down the watering. I know that watering feels like the way in which we give plants love， but it is also the way in which we drown them. Too much water results in root rot. Ideally you want to water only so much that the soil is damp， but not wet， when you stick your finger in a few inches down. 　3　.
　　Dust your leaves. If you love your plants， you’ll tend to their leaves by dusting them. Plants absorb nutrients from the air through their leaves. 　4　. In this case， spray them with water and wipe them with a cloth. If you’re seeing leaf issues， such as all the leaves dropping， that can be a sign of over-or underwatering.
　　 　5　. Your plants enjoy the same conditions as you do. They don’t enjoy hot or cold air， as either will dry them out. Each houseplant has specific needs， whether full sun， partial sun， partial shade or full shade， and you should keep their needs in mind when providing sun exposure through the day.
A. Avoid unfavorable factors
B. Create a welcoming environment
C. And their “tiny holes” can get blocked by dust
D. It should have time to dry out in between watering
E. As a result， your plants may be looking a little dull
F. But ultimately you may need some man-made assistance
G. You should be careful about watering the root， as it requires more water
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章第一段指出冬季室内植物因光照、气流 等因素会状态不佳，进而从光照、浇水、叶片清洁和环境营造等方面介绍了植物养护 相关事项。
解析：空前描述了整个夏天阳光能透过窗户照进室内，而冬天则满是阴影和气流，这 是在说冬季室内环境不利于植物生长。空后句中的them代指plants，句子提到有四种 可以让植物状态更好的方法。E项“As a result， your plants may be looking a little dull （所以，你的植物可能看起来有点黯淡）”中的“As a result”承接上文对冬季环境 的描述，说明这样的环境会导致植物状态不好，引出下文让植物状态更好的方法，符 合语境。故选E项。
答案：E
解析：空前提到为保证植物获得足够的光照，可将其移至朝南窗户附近，空后说植物 灯能确保植物在需要的地方获得足够光照。一种是自然光，一种是人造光，说明仅靠 移动位置可能不够，还需要人工辅助（植物灯），空处应承上启下。F项“But ultimately you may need some man-made assistance（但最终你可能需要一些人工辅 助）”中的But表示转折，承接上文，“man-made assistance”指代下文的“Plant lights”，符合语境。故选F项。
答案：F
解析：该段主题是“Slow down the watering.（减少浇水。）”。空前提到理想的浇水 情况是当你把手指伸进土壤几英寸深时，土壤是潮湿的，而不是湿透的。D项“It should have time to dry out in between watering（在两次浇水之间它应该有时间变 干）”进一步说明了浇水的注意事项，符合“减少浇水”这一主题。故选D项。
答案：D
解析：该段主题是“Dust your leaves.（清洁叶片。）”。空前提到植物通过叶片从空 气中吸收养分；空后提到在这种情况下，用水喷洒它们，然后用布擦拭。所以空处应 该提到叶片有问题的情况。C项“And their ‘tiny holes’ can get blocked by dust（并 且它们的“小孔”可能会被灰尘堵塞）”解释了为什么要清洁叶片，与上文内容紧密 相关，也与下文“In this case”相呼应，符合该段主题。故选C项。
答案：C
解析：根据第二至四段的段落结构可判断，本空为最后一条建议，作段落主旨句，答 案可以定位在A项或B项。空后提到植物喜欢的条件和人喜欢的一样，不喜欢冷热空 气，每种室内植物都有特定的需求。所以本段与植物所需环境有关。B项“Create a welcoming environment（创造一个适宜的环境）”统领下文内容。故选B项。
答案：B
B
　　Have you ever thought that taking short breaks during a walk could actually help you burn more calories？
　　Scientists have discovered that short bursts of activity can burn more energy than continuous exercise. For example， several groups of quick walks or stair climbs for just 10 to 30 seconds use 20％ to 60％ more energy than walking nonstop for the same distance. 　1　 Similar to a car using more fuel when starting a journey， our body works harder at the beginning of any movement. This is because it needs to warm up our muscles and get into a rhythm. These short bursts of activity might not last long， but they require a lot of energy.
　　 　2　 As someone who sits most of the day， I used to think exercise meant hours at the gym. But when I tried replacing my afternoon coffee breaks with three 90－second stair climbs， something surprising happened. 　3　 My body adjusted to the activity， and what once felt like a struggle gradually turned into a manageable routine. As this happened， I unexpectedly felt more focused and energized throughout the day. These “exercise snacks” fit well into my busy schedule， proving that working out doesn’t require large blocks of time.
　　 　4　 Every stair climb or short walk wakes up the body. Health isn’t built in a day at the gym—it’s made through small， consistent actions. Simply replace one of your usual sitting breaks with just a single minute of walking， and you’ll be amazed at how small actions can reshape your physical vitality. 　511　
A. Now I see fitness differently.
B. Every step counts， no matter how short it is！
C. This finding matches perfectly with my own experience.
D. This happens because the body needs extra energy to start moving.
E. Actually， short exercise breaks can increase your energy consumption.
F. At first， even 20 seconds left me breathless， but over time， it became easier.
G. The more time and effort you put into exercise， the more calories you will burn.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了短暂的运动可以消耗更多的 能量。作者通过自身的经历来证明这一观点，同时倡导人们通过一些小的、持续的运 动来塑造健康。
解析：空前提到十到三十秒的几组快速步行或爬楼梯比持续行走相同的距离多消耗20 ％到60％的能量；下文提到与汽车起步时消耗更多燃料相似，我们的身体在任何运动 开始时工作更努力。D项“这之所以能发生是因为身体需要额外的能量来开始运 动。”与上下文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选D项。
解析：上文提到这些短暂的爆发性活动可能不会持续多长时间，但是它们需要很多能 量；下文作者讲述了自己的经历。C项“这个发现与我的个人经历完美匹配。”承上 启下，符合语境。C项中的This finding指代上一段的内容。故选C项。
答案：D
答案：C
解析：空前提到当作者开始尝试爬楼梯时，惊人的事情发生了，空后讲述作者的身体 适应了这个活动，空处应涉及作者刚开始爬楼梯时的不适应。F项“一开始，爬20秒 都让我气喘吁吁，但是随着时间的推移，它变得简单起来。”描述了作者开始爬楼梯 时的情况和后来的变化，符合语境。故选F项。
答案：F
解析：根据上文的“I used to think exercise meant hours at the gym”和下文的“Health isn’t built in a day at the gym—it’s made through small， consistent actions.”可知，作者 对健康的想法发生了变化。A项“现在我以不同的眼光看待健康。”能够引出下文， 符合语境。故选A项。
解析：上文提到了作者对健康的看法的转变和感悟。B项“每一步都很重要，无论它 有多短！”符合文章主题且与空前作者的感悟相呼应。故选B项。
答案：A
答案：B
C
　　Many adults are proud to share their fascination with what others would label as kids’ toys. Mini Brands mystery packs or other blind boxes have become a phenomenon as collectibles for some adults. 　1　 For others， Legos are on their wish list encouraged by the brand’s growing number of grown-up sets.
　　 　2　 Seeking and sparking child-like joy may be part of the appeal， said behavioral therapist Maddy Ellberger. “When something reminds us of a positive memory， we are likely to engage with it because the association recalls those memories.”
　　 　3　 Clothing brands are also cashing in on nostalgia（怀旧）—from Crocs creating a Lizzie McGuire clog to Lululemon’s Disney collection making a full comeback that includes adults’ clothes. Barbie isn’t just for kids’ clothes now either， thanks to the recent film and “Barbiecore” fashion trend.
　　In addition to the trendy appeal， all these revivals can also touch on a feeling of connection during a time of increased division. But whether that desire for connection is satisfied depends on if you can translate the excitement into real， in-person connection. “ 　4　 But having or wearing the same thing is not the actual steps of forming shared identity，” Ellberger said. “And I feel like that’s some of what gets lost， and it isn’t impossible.”
　　Ellberger has a great idea for this. “You are into a certain trend， like toys. There’s a good chance that you’ll find others who are into the same trend. 　5　 If it was part of everyone’s white elephant—that’s a really cute way of connecting over this，” she said.
A. The craze goes beyond toys.
B. So， what’s with the fascination？
C. It’s a great way to form a community.
D. Then give these toys to them as holiday gifts.
E. Social media fuel the trend by creating shared experiences.
F. Even stuffed animals are making their way into adults’ homes.
G. Childhood favorites have instead become relevant to adults again.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了成年人对被认为是儿童玩具 的物品产生浓厚兴趣这一现象，分析了背后的原因以及这一潮流在增加社会联系方面 的作用等。
解析：前文提到Mini Brands神秘包或其他盲盒成为一些成年人的收藏品，后文说对于 其他人而言，乐高玩具在他们的愿望清单上。F项“Even stuffed animals are making their way into adults’ homes.（甚至毛绒玩具也正在进入成年人的家中。）”也举例 说明了成年人对各种被视为儿童玩具物品的喜爱，与前后文形成并列关系，符合语 境。故选F项。
解析：后文提到行为治疗师Maddy Ellberger分析了这种现象背后的原因，B项“So， what’s with the fascination？（那么，这种迷恋是怎么回事呢？）”起到引出后文对成 年人热衷儿童玩具原因分析的作用，符合逻辑。故选B项。
答案：F
答案：B
解析：前文主要围绕成年人对儿童玩具的热衷，后文说服装品牌也在利用怀旧情怀， 如Crocs推出相关产品，Lululemon的迪士尼系列回归等。A项“The craze goes beyond toys.（这种狂热不仅仅局限于玩具。）”能够很好地承接上文关于玩具的内容，并引 出下文服装品牌的相关内容，符合语境。故选A项。
答案：A
解析：前文提到这些复兴能带来一种连接感，后文转折，说拥有或穿着相同的东西并 非形成共同身份的实际步骤。C项“It’s a great way to form a community.（这是形成团 体的好方法。）”与前文连接感相关，且能与后文形成转折。故选C项。
解析：前文Ellberger指出人们会对特定趋势（如玩具）感兴趣，并且很可能找到有相 同兴趣的人，所以此处应该会讲到找到这些人之后的后续行为。D项“Then give these toys to them as holiday gifts.（然后把这些玩具作为节日礼物送给他们。）”符合语 境。故选D项。
答案：C
答案：D
集训2　词汇复现
A
　　Adversity Quotient （AQ，逆境商数）， which is also known as the “Adversity Intelligence”， measures a person’s ability to handle setbacks and struggles in difficult situations. Unlike IQ or EQ， AQ focuses on resilience—the power to recover from failures and adapt to adversity. 　1　 Psychologist Dr Paul Stoltz， who first proposed the concept in the 1990s， emphasized that AQ is crucial for personal and professional success， especially when IQ and EQ levels are similar among individuals.
　　Why does AQ matter？ In today’s fast-paced world， challenges are unavoidable. High AQ individuals tend to view difficulties as temporary and manageable. 　2　 In contrast， those with low AQ often feel stuck， blame others， and find it hard to keep going. Studies suggest that 80％ of long-term success relies on EQ and AQ， while IQ contributes only 20％.
　　Dr Stoltz identified four components to evaluate AQ：
　　※Control： 　3　 High AQ individuals actively seek ways to regain control， even in terrible circumstances.
　　※Ownership： The willingness to take responsibility for improving outcomes. 　411　
　　※Reach： Limiting the impact of adversity. Resilient people prevent setbacks from spreading to unrelated areas of life.
　　※Endurance（耐久力）： Perceiving challenges as temporary. Optimism about the duration of difficulties helps maintain motivation.
　　 　5　 Schools and workplaces now give priority to “adversity training” to cultivate resilience. Strategies include changing negative thoughts， setting small achievable goals， and learning from past failures. As the saying goes， “Smooth seas never make a skilled sailor.” Accepting challenges shapes a stronger character.
A. AQ alone can really determine success.
B. AQ can be developed through intentional practice.
C. The influence one believes one can have over a situation.
D. However， constantly analyzing failures may lead to anxiety.
E. They stay positive and prevent them hurting other parts of life.
F. A person with high AQ won’t easily give up in the face of hardship.
G. High AQ individuals are responsible for their actions and focus on solutions.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了AQ（逆境商数）的定义、 重要性、核心构成要素，以及如何通过训练提升AQ。
解析：空前讲述AQ（逆境商数）侧重于恢复力——从失败中恢复和适应逆境的能 力。F项“高逆境商数的人在困难面前不会轻易放弃。”承接上文，继续讲述逆境商 数的内涵，符合语境。故选F项。
解析：空前讲述高逆境商数的人倾向于认为困难是暂时的和可处理的。E项“他们保 持积极，防止它们伤害生活的其他部分。”承接上文，继续讲述这类人的思维习惯。 E项中的They指代前一句中的“High AQ individuals”（高逆境商数的人），them指代 空前的difficulties。故选E项。
答案：F
答案：E
解析：由下文中Ownership、Reach和Endurance冒号后的内容可知，此处也应该填写名 词性短语，对空前的Control进行解释。结合常识和选项可知，C项“一个人认为自己 对某种情况所能产生的影响。”符合语境。故选C项。
解析：根据空前信息“主人翁精神：为改善结果承担责任的意愿”可知，G项“高逆 境商数的人对自己的行为负责，并专注于解决方案。”承接上文，符合语境，G项中 的responsible与空前的responsibility是同源词复现。故选G项。
答案：C
答案：G
解析：空后讲学校和工作场所现在优先考虑“逆境训练”以培养适应力；策略包括改 变消极的想法、设定可实现的小目标、从过去的失败中学习。所以该段主要讲的是逆 境商数可以通过有意识的练习来培养。故选B项。
答案：B
B
Achieve Success in Journalistic News Writing
　　No book， article or blog post can turn an ambitious writer into a successful journalist. All that it can do is help the writer learn to write. The primary skill in learning to write is practice. 　1　 Among the most convenient subjects are the events and news in the world around us. Such topics are what skilled journalists write about， and that is why we call this form of writing “journalistic writing”.
　　Journalistic writing is not special literary gymnastics that requires a special talent and an expansive vocabulary. 　2　 It uses language to tell what is going on in the world. As such， it requires no special talent beyond seeing and understanding what is taking place around us， to grasp its significance and relation to other events， and to tell others what we have seen and heard.
　　 　3　 One of the chief characteristics is timeliness and relevance. It has little time to talk about the past， except in comparison with the present. It has little time to foretell the future， except in pointing out the significance of the present. Its subject is today. It is primarily concerned with facts. The writer considers himself a recorder of the things other persons are doing and thinking.
　　Another basic part of journalistic writing is that the writer prepares it for a definite purpose. Some writers， like novelists， write to use beautiful words and sentences. 　4　 However， the writer who favors a journalistic style uses English simply to tell what he has seen and heard； he realizes that his readers care more for the things he tells than for the way in which he tells and expresses them.
　　Success in journalistic writing demands two important skills. One is the inborn skill to see and understand. The other is the skill to tell what the writer has seen in a way that makes the reader see the same thing. 　5　 If the writer is eager to excel， he must expand his knowledge and education so he can better understand and evaluate the things he sees and hears.
A. It will not do them any good to write news items.
B. To these imaginative literary writers， they favor expression.
C. To practice writing， one must have something to write about.
D. An ambitious writer can develop both skills if he lacks them.
E. The writer must write it now or never—without giving up quality.
F. Journalistic writing differs mainly in its subject matter and purpose.
G. Instead， it is the plainest， most reserved form of English composition.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了新闻写作的成功之道。成 功的关键在于练习，而练习需要素材，即日常发生的新闻事件。新闻写作并非 需要特殊技巧或华丽辞藻，而是用语言客观地报道世界发生的事件，需要的是 观察、理解和表达能力。
解析：空前一句提到学习写作的首要技能是练习，空后一句提到其中最方便的主题是 我们周围世界的事件和新闻。C项“要练习写作，一个人必须有东西可写。”承上启 下，符合语境。其中的practice是原词复现。故选C项。
解析：根据上文可知，新闻写作不是一种特殊的文学技巧展示，不需要特殊的才能和 丰富的词汇。G项“相反，它是最朴素、最含蓄的英语写作形式。”与上句对应。故 选G项。
答案：C
答案：G
解析：该段主要讲述了新闻写作的主要特征之一就是时效性和相关性。新闻应该是关 于现在的，其话题也应该是关于现在的并且是涉及事实的。下一段主要讲述了新闻写 作的目的性。所以F项“新闻写作主要在主题和目的上有所不同。”可以概括本段， 并合理地引出下一段。故选F项。
解析：根据空后的“However，the writer who favors a journalistic style uses English simply to tell what he has seen and heard”可知，B项“对于这些富有想象力的文学作家 来说，他们更喜欢表达。”与后句构成转折关系，同时B项的“these imaginative literary writers”指代上文提到的novelists。故选B项。
答案：F
答案：B
解析：根据空前的“Success in journalistic writing demands two important skills.”可 知，D项“一个有抱负的作家即使缺乏这两种技能，也可以培养它们。”符合语境。 其中的them指代上文的两种技能。故选D项。
答案：D
C
　　Sometimes it can feel like your head is too cluttered. With work， school， or a busy schedule， things are bound to get jumbled（乱糟糟的） every once in a while！ 　111　 From focusing to journaling， we’ll teach you how to mindfully distract yourself from worrying thoughts.
　　Focus on the present moment. Practice mindfulness daily to help clear your mind and be more focused. Mindfulness is all about letting all other thoughts come and go. Observe your thoughts and feelings without judgment， as if you’re an outsider in your own mind. 　211　
　　Take a walk. 　3　 When you’re being mindful， you’re fully engaging in the present moment， letting feelings come and go as you focus on what’s in front of bining this state of mind with walking produces an extra special stress reliever that improves mental and physical health. Try scheduling a walk around the block， on the treadmill， or through a local park every day.
　　 　4　 Take a moment to breathe and come back to the present moment. Life can easily become go-go-go， and in the process， you can easily forget to breathe. Setting down wherever you are to take controlled breaths can calm your racing mind and heartbeat， helping you feel more relaxed.
　　Journal your thoughts. Writing down your worries can help you sort through them. Try reaching for a notebook or phone when a million thoughts are racing through your mind. 　5　 Journaling can help you be more aware of your emotions and reflect on what’s troubling you.
A. Do deep breathing exercises.
B. Take a moment to slow down.
C. Moving your body mindfully can help things seem clearer.
D. But you can do something to clear your mind and calm things down.
E. Set down everything that comes to mind， letting all pour out onto the page.
F. Then let those thoughts and feelings go and focus on what you’re currently doing instead.
G. Here are some tips on how to protect your head from brain injury and then start your work.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕如何清理思绪、缓解压力的主 题，给出了一系列实用的建议和方法，如专注于当下、出去散步、做深呼吸练习和记 日记等。
解析：空前讲有时候你会觉得你的大脑是凌乱的，脑子里都是工作、学习或繁 忙的日程安排时，事情肯定会偶尔变得乱糟糟的；空后讲从集中注意力到写日 记，我们将教你如何有意识地将自己的注意力从令人担忧的想法中分散出来。D 项“但你可以做些什么来保持大脑清醒，让事情平静下来。”承接上文，且引 出下文的内容。故选D项。
答案：D
解析：空前讲不带任何评判地观察你的想法和感觉，就好像在你的脑海里你是个局外 人。F项“然后让这些想法和感觉走开，专注于你目前正在做的事情。”承接上文， 进一步说明如何专注于当下。选项中的“thoughts and feelings”是对上文信息的重 现，“focus on what you’re currently doing”呼应本段主旨句“Focus on the present moment”。故选F项。
解析：本段建议散步。C项中的“Moving your body”呼应本段小标题，mindfully与空 后的mindful是同源词复现，故C项“有意识地让你的身体动起来可以让事情看起来更 清晰。”符合语境。故选C项。
答案：F
答案：C
解析：分析段落结构可知，空处考查段落主旨句。再结合其他段落主旨句的特点可 知，空处应填入一个祈使句。空后主要建议人们花点时间呼吸，选项中的breathing是 下文breathe、breaths的同源词复现。故选A项。
解析：本段建议记录你的想法。空前讲当无数的想法在你脑中掠过时，试着拿起笔记 本或手机，E项“把突然想到的每件事都写下来，让它们倾泻在页面上。”承接上 文，且符合本段的段落主旨。选项中的“Set down”是对段落主旨句中的Journal和上 文的“Writing down”的同义转换。故选E项。
答案：A
答案：E
D
　　In daily life， you have been so preoccupied with social media and the Internet that hardly anyone considers reading books. However， there are many benefits of reading， from making you smarter to improving your reading and writing skills. Then we have listed the top several benefits here.
Stimulate your brain
　　When you read every day， you stimulate your mental activity. Studies show one of the prime benefits of reading books is slowing down mental disorders. It happens since reading stimulates the brain and keeps it active， which allows it to remain its power and capacity. Every part of our body needs exercise to stay healthy. 　111　
Reduce your stress
　　Everyday concerns will keep bothering you unless you do something to distract your mind. 　2　 When you read a great story， all your stress seems to slip away and relax you since you tend to travel mentally in a different area.
Enhance your knowledge
　　 　3　 The importance of reading books is now more than ever since. Not everything is available in digitalized form. There are numerous ways to learn more about life， from self- help books to reading fiction. One of the great benefits of reading books is that the knowledge you gain from them can never be taken away from you. 　411　
　　From health benefits to getting smarter， there are numerous benefits that regular reading can offer. You can expect to enhance your knowledge about so many things if you just develop this habit of reading books regularly. 　5　 Once it is assured and once you have a grasp of reading， you will be grateful to yourself for this habit.
A. The same goes for our brain.
B. It might appear boring unless you start.
C. Your knowledge will stay with you till the end of time.
D. Playing games like solving puzzles results in cognitive stimulation.
E. While some may be too busy to read， others merely don’t care to read.
F. Since the beginning of civilization， we have grown and developed mentally.
G. Reading gives you that mental space to occupy yourself with something more interesting.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阅读的诸多好处，包括刺激 大脑、减少压力和拓展知识等，鼓励人们养成阅读的习惯。
解析：根据上文“reading stimulates the brain and keeps it active， which allows it to remain its power and capacity”可知，阅读能刺激大脑，让大脑保持活跃；设空处前一 句“Every part of our body needs exercise to stay healthy.”提到身体各部分都需要锻炼 来保持健康，A项“我们的大脑也是如此。”中的The same指代前文提到的需要锻炼 保持健康这一情况，A项表明大脑也需要像身体其他部分一样通过锻炼（阅读）来保 持健康，承接上文，符合语境。故选A项。
答案：A
解析：上文“Everyday concerns will keep bothering you unless you do something to distract your mind.”说明需要做些事转移注意力来摆脱日常烦恼；再根据下文“When you read a great story...”可知，下文解释了阅读如何帮助减少压力。由此可推测，设 空处应体现阅读与转移注意力、减轻压力之间的关系。G项“阅读能给你提供精神空 间，让你专注于更有趣的事情。”承上启下，符合语境。故选G项。
答案：G
解析：根据本段小标题Enhance your knowledge可知本段内容围绕阅读对知识拓展的作 用展开。设空处后“The importance of reading books is now more than ever since.”提出 读书的重要性比以往任何时候都更凸显，由此可推知，该处应能够为下文论述阅读的 重要性作铺垫。F项“自文明发展以来，我们在心智上不断成长和发展。”引出下 文，符合语境。故选F项。
答案：F
解析：根据上文“the knowledge you gain from them can never be taken away from you” 可知，通过阅读所得到的知识不会被带走，知识会一直伴随自己。C项“你的知识会 一直伴随你，直到生命的尽头。”是对上文观点的进一步强调和重复，knowledge为 原词复现，符合语境。故选C项。
答案：C
解析：根据下文“Once it is assured and once you have a grasp of reading， you will be grateful to yourself for this habit.”可知，一旦养成阅读的习惯，你会为拥有这一习惯 感到感激。结合前文围绕阅读的好处展开论述可推测，结尾部分应强化养成阅读习惯 有益这一观点，起到总结和呼吁的作用，B项“如果你不开始阅读，它可能看起来很 无聊。”中的start与上文的“develop this habit of reading books regularly”相呼应，承 接上文，符合语境。故选B项。
答案：B(共29张PPT)
专题二　阅读七选五
第三讲　把握语篇明显标志与隐性提示
任务一　把握句式结构解题技巧
　　近几年，高考阅读七选五在设空形式上注重对句子间逻辑与语义衔接的考查，设 空多为完整的句子。偶尔存在对复合句中主、从句和并列分句的考查，所挖空的部分 只是复合句的一部分，剩余的部分留在文中。此时可根据上下文的语意和设空所在句 子的残余部分的结构特征来确定答案。
　根据语意和设空所在句的残余部分的结构特征解题
方法1
【典例1】　Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling， keeping intention clear. 　37　， encouraging better and more frequent communication.
A. Messages with emojis feel more conversational
B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
［解题思路］　本题要求学生根据后面的逗号以及作结果状语的现在分词短语来补全 句子的主干部分。空前“书面交流读起来常常是冷漠枯燥的，使用表情符号能增加幽 默感和感情，从而保持意图清晰”说的是与书面交流相比，使用表情符号的好处，空 处也应继续说使用表情符号的好处；根据作结果状语的“encouraging better and more frequent communication”中两个并列的比较级better和more frequent可以推断，句子主 干部分含有比较级。结合选项可知，A项“带有表情符号的信息更有对话感”既含有 比较级，又符合文意。
［自主解答］　A
【典例2】　（2022 全国甲卷节选）Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange， but they are important in various countries. 　40　， the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
方法2　　　根据相似句式结构线索法解题
［解题思路］　根据空后的“the more comfortable...”可推知，此处是“the＋比较 级，the＋比较级”结构，可将答案锁定在A、B两项；空后意为“就会对当地的异域 文化习俗感到越舒适”，所以B项“你在任何一个特定的国家待的时间越长”引出后 文，符合文意。
［自主解答］　B
任务二　把握词汇复现解题技巧
掌握
特点 一个单词在一个语义场中以同样的形式反复出现，有时兼有词形的变化。 如：上文中的says与下文中的said可以看成是原词复现
技巧
运用 ①寻找空处前后句中的相同关键词；
②根据语言习惯，第一句的宾语往往是第二句的主语，或者前后句有相 同、重叠的词语
方法1　　　原词复现法
【典例1】　（2022 全国甲卷节选）
　　Hands or Utensils（餐具）
　　In India and the Middle East， it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. 　38　， instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile， you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
［解题思路］　根据本段小标题和上下文内容可知，空处应是以某个国家为例，介绍 使用手或餐具来就餐的某条重要规则；再根据下文中的instead可知，空处内容应与后 半句内容形成对比。根据后半句“（他们）反而更喜欢用他们的手”并分析选项可 知，C项“墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的”符合语境，其中的utensils与上文中 的utensil为原词复现。
［自主解答］　C
掌握
特点 为了避免与上文提到的名词重复，常用不同的代词指代上文提到的人、 事物或事件
技巧
运用 ①注意空处前后出现的代词，并确定其意义；②结合指代意义和单复数 解题。简单来说就是“人对人，物对物，单复对单复”
　　it可指代单数名词、不可数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代 单数可数名词；that指代单数名词、不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子； these或those指代复数名词。还有反身代词、关系代词等。
方法2　　　代词复现法
【典例2】　（2024 浙江1月卷节选）The tip that comes up most often is simple： build online courses into your weekly schedule， just like what you would do with in-person courses. 　39　 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide， but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures， read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
［解题思路］　空后句是由He开头的一句话，代词He必然指代空处句子中提到的某 一个具体人物。结合选项可知，D项中的“Professor Alex Davidson”为He指代的具体 人物。
［自主解答］　D
掌握特点 派生词是由词根加词缀构成的词
技巧运用 在句中寻找这类词的复现
方法3　　　派生复现法
【典例3】　（2024 新课标Ⅰ卷节选）Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published， it’s vital to submit a perfect， professionally presented manuscript（原 稿）. 　36　 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
C. But I still don’t want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course， a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
［解题思路］　空前讲的是如果想发表作品，提交一份完美、专业的原稿至关 重要，空处应解释什么是完美的原稿。结合选项可知，F项“那意味着语法正 确，并且没有拼写错误。”符合语境，其中的spelling与前文中的speller和后文 中的spell是派生词关系。
［自主解答］　F
掌握特点 上下文中有意义相同或相近的单词、短语或同义句子，如room与space
技巧运用 在句中寻找同义词的复现
　方法4　　　同义复现法
【典例4】　（2025 浙江1月卷节选）One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much. 　36　 There’s no value in delivering any kind of communication， whether written， spoken， formal， or informal， if the message doesn’t come across clearly. Being clear and brief—while maintaining interest and including everything your listeners need to know—is a high-level communication skill.
A. Be patient.
B. Get the audience involved.
C. The best messages are often simple.
D. Speak directly to what matters to them.
E. You may be surprised by what your listeners offer.
F. It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.
G. As the speaker， you already know what you’re going to say.
［解题思路］　文章开篇指出“One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much.”，直接点明沟通中存在试图传达过多内容这一最为常见的错 误。紧接着下文“There’s no value... if the message doesn’t come across clearly.Being clear and brief...”强调了“信息清晰简洁”是实现高效沟通的关键，若信息不能清 晰传达，沟通便无价值。由此可推知，设空处应能够纠正上文提到的错误做法。C项 “最好的信息往往是简单的。”承上启下，符合语境，其中的simple与下文的brief为 同义词复现关系。
［自主解答］　C
方法5　　　反义复现法
掌握特点 上下文中有互为相反词义的单词、短语或者意思相反的句子
技巧运用 在句中寻找反义词的复现
【典例5】　（2024 全国甲卷节选）Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone， especially in front of the TV or computer， often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready， like cookies. 　3811　
A. Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don’t always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don’t swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead， surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us， moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won’t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
［解题思路］　本段主要讲适度饮食的正确做法。空前一句中的unhealthy提示 前一句列举了不健康的饮食习惯。结合选项可知，E项“相反，让自己置身于健 康的选择中。”承接前文，符合语境，其中的healthy与前文中的unhealthy互为 反义词，形成对比。
［自主解答］　E
　　（2025 湖北黄冈调研考试）People perceive happiness differently， with some seeing the glass half-full while others half-empty. Sonja Lyubomirsky， a social psychologist， explained that happiness comprises positive emotions and life satisfaction. 　1　 Can you change your mindset to be a happier person？ She believes that we can change how we think and how we behave and that we can change our habits or develop a new habit. Happy people tend to have some certain habits.
　　Go with the “flow”. Be absorbed in what you do. “When you’re so fully engaged in what you’re doing that you don’t notice the passage of time， you are in a state called ‘flow’， which is associated with joy，” Lyubomirsky explained. “ 　2　 On the contrary， try something as casual and relaxing as completing a group project at the office or enjoying a hobby with your partner.”
　　 　3　 When it comes to your happiness level， personal relationships have a bigger impact than money， a job title or even your health. “Spending more quality time with your partner， spouse， or kids， and reconnecting with old friends， are sure-fire ways to increase your own and others’ average levels of joy，” Lyubomirsky said. “Pick a relationship in need of strengthening， and invest time and energy in healing， cultivating and enjoying it.” 　411　
　　Practice random acts of kindness and express gratitude. Take a moment to do nice things for others. “Being kind to other people brings about a lot of positive results. It makes you feel generous and capable， leads you to feel grateful for your own situation， and gives you a greater sense of interconnectedness with the world，” Lyubomirsky said. “ 　5　 And， in turn， the benefit helps nurture your own self-esteem and helps get you through the rest of the day or week.”
　　We hope these three tips help you elevate your happiness.
A. Manage your circles.
B. Celebrate good news.
C. This small investment may go a long way.
D. It also gives joy to other people and leads them to like you more.
E. Researchers measure those components by asking people such questions.
F. The question for researchers returns to that issue of the half-full or half-empty glass.
G. You don’t have to compete in a high-risk game of surfing or climb Mount Qomolangma.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些培养乐观精神、改变思 维模式的方法。
解析：上文提到人们对幸福的看法不同，有些人看到的是半满的杯子，而另一些人看 到的是半空的杯子，社会心理学家Sonja Lyubomirsky解释说，幸福包括积极的情绪和 对生活的满意，由此可说明研究者又回到了杯子半满还是半空这个问题上。F项承接 上文，符合语境。故选F。
解析：空后句提到了相反的做法是尝试一些随意和放松的事情，由此推测本句讲的是 与其相反的事情。G项“你不必参加高风险的冲浪比赛或攀登珠穆朗玛峰。”符合语 境。故选G。
答案：F
答案：G
解析：设空处位于段首，为本段的中心句。结合第二、四段的段首句可知，此处应选 祈使句。根据后文“When it comes to your happiness level， personal relationships have a bigger impact than money， a job title or even your health.”可知，经营一段良好的人 际关系可以提升幸福感，A项“管理好你的圈子。”能够概括本段内容。故选A。
答案：A
解析：空前句建议选择一段需要加强的关系，并投入时间和精力，C项“这种小投入 可能会发挥大作用。”承接上文，符合语境。C项中的investment与上文的invest呼 应。故选C。
解析：上文介绍做好事带来的益处，空后句中的in turn以及helps说明设空处依旧在介 绍做好事带来的益处。D项“它也给别人带来快乐，让他们更喜欢你。”符合语境。 故选D。
答案：C
答案：D(共93张PPT)
专题二　阅读七选五
冲刺集训十五　把握设空位置
集训1　总分关系、解释关系、例证关系
A
Always the outsider？
　　One of the things I used to fear was being the new girl in the office—in the kitchen making coffee while the in-crowd chatted about the weekend. I worried that I wasn’t good enough or smart enough. 　1　 I’d struggle for words while trying to look cool. Back at school， I was best friends with Kate and Cathy until we had to walk across the road in twos， and guess who was left out！ I’ve always been the outsider from school days to office life. Or is that the story I have told myself？
　　As in so many areas of life， the only thing you can control is your response. I remind myself of what Eleanor Roosevelt said： “ 　2　” The only person making me feel like an outsider is myself. These are the lessons I have learned along the way：
　　·Starting anywhere new， you just have to find your people， the ones that get you. 　3　 It’s OK to take your time and figure out if you’re the right fit for each other. Have faith that you will find the right people for you.
　　·Very often it’s our belief systems that tell us we don’t fit in. We are replaying the stories from childhood and need to rewrite the script（剧本）. 　4　 When are you assuming that you’ll be on your own？ What fears are you projecting onto yourself？
　　· Practice self-acceptance. Remind yourself that it’s OK to have a different way of operating in the world.
　　· 　5　 Sometimes， interactions with random strangers can help us feel more confident in all our relationships. For example， volunteering can make us feel connected and give us a sense of belonging.
A. Don’t charge into friendships， though.
B. Start noticing your patterns of mentalities.
C. If I was asked a question， panic would set in.
D. No one can make you feel lower without your agreement.
E. The feeling of being an outsider would force me to shut up.
F. Try doing something to take yourself out of your comfort zone.
G. We all feel a little lost and awkward sometimes—you’re not the only one.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们常常觉得自己是局外人 这一现象，并给出了一些应对这种感受的方法和建议。
解析：下文讲到“我”会努力组织语言，同时试图看起来很酷。由此可推知，此处说 的是“我”被问到问题时会非常紧张与恐慌，C项符合语境。C项中的panic与空后一 句中的“struggle for words while trying to look cool”呼应。故选C项。
解析：空前讲到“我”记得Roosevelt说过的话，此处应是Roosevelt的话；结合空后的 “让我感觉到像局外人的唯一的人就是我自己”可知，此处应该讲要认识到别人不会 让你成为局外人，这种情感困境与自己的想法或反应有关，D项“没有人能不经过你 的同意让你觉得低人一等。”符合语境。故选D项。
答案：C
答案：D
解析：下文“It’s OK to take your time and figure out if you’re the right fit for each other. Have faith that you will find the right people for you.”讲可以花点时间弄清楚你们是否 适合彼此。相信你会找到适合自己的人。由此可知，此处是说要花时间了解对方，不 能急于建立友谊。A项“不过，不要急于建立友谊。”符合语境。其中的friendships 与下文中的“the right fit for each other”和“the right people for you”属于同义转换。 故选A项。
答案：A
解析：空前讲到我们需要重新书写剧本，空后两句“你什么时候认为你会独自一人？ 你把什么恐惧投射到自己身上？”涉及人的心态，故此处是说人们需要关注自己的心 态来改变自己，所以B项“开始注意你的心态模式。”符合语境。故选B项。
解析：下文讲到与陌生人互动可以让我们对自己的所有关系更自信，比如做志愿工作 可以让我们感觉与别人产生联系并且能给我们一种归属感。所以该段主要讲述了要走 出舒适区，接触新的事物，F项“尝试做一些事情让自己走出舒适区。”符合语境。 故选F项。
答案：B
答案：F
B
　　We are all creatures of habit. We tend to wake up at the same time each day， brush our teeth， have morning coffee and travel to work， following the same patterns every day. 　111　
　　Behavioral scientists who study habit formation say that many of us try to create healthy habits the wrong way. 　2　 Here are two tips， backed by research， for forming new healthy habits.
　　 　3　 For many of us， our morning routine is the strongest， so that’s a great place to build a new habit. While brushing your teeth， you might stand on one foot to practice balance. Many of us fall into end-of-the-day patterns as well. Do you tend to sink into the sofa after work and turn on the TV？ That might be a good time to do a single daily yoga pose.
　　 　4　 Wendy Wood， a research psychologist， calls the forces that get in the way of good habits “friction”. In one study， researchers changed the turning of lift doors so that workers had to wait nearly half a minute for the doors to close. 　5　 Many people are therefore convinced that taking the stairs was easier than waiting for the lift. It shows how sensitive we are to small friction in our environment. Just slowing down the lift got people to take the stairs， and they stuck with it even after the lift went back to normal timing.
A. It was just enough of a delay.
B. Why do we stop doing what’s good for us？
C. But why is it so hard to form new healthy habits？
D. We probably form new habits when we clear away the barriers.
E. The better way to form a new habit is to tie it to an existing habit.
F. It explains why friction prevents the progress of forming good habits.
G. For example， we set big goals to lose weight without taking proper steps.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了养成新的健康习惯很困难的 原因以及养成新的健康习惯的技巧。
解析：上文讲我们都是墨守成规的人，倾向于每天在同一时间起床、刷牙、早晨喝咖 啡、上班，每天都遵循同样的模式。下文主要介绍了养成新的健康习惯的建议。C项 “但是为什么养成新的健康习惯这么难呢？”引出下文的养成新的健康习惯这一话 题。故选C项。
解析：空前的“many of us try to create healthy habits the wrong way”讲我们中的许多 人试图以错误的方式养成健康的习惯，故空处应该涉及错误的做法，G项“例如，我 们设定了减肥的大目标，却没有采取适当的步骤。”举例说明了人们的错误做法。故 选G项。
答案：C
答案：G
解析：空处位于段首，是本段的主旨句，是作者提出的养成新的健康习惯的第一条建 议。空后讲早上的例行活动是最有力的，所以这是一个建立新习惯的好地方，刷牙的 时候，人们可以单脚站立来练习平衡，下班后，人们也可以利用窝在沙发上看电视的 习惯来做一个瑜伽姿势。由此可知，E项“形成一个新习惯的更好方法是把它和现有 的习惯联系起来。”符合语境。故选E项。
答案：E
解析：空处位于段首，是本段的主旨句。空后讲心理学家Wendy Wood将妨碍养成好 习惯的力量称为“摩擦”，接着介绍了一个研究中的实验，即研究人员通过改变电梯 门的转动方式，放慢电梯的关门速度，让人们养成走楼梯的新习惯。D项“当我们清 除障碍时，我们可能会养成新的习惯。”最能概括本段的主旨。D项中的barriers与下 文的friction呼应。故选D项。
解析：空前讲在一项研究中，研究人员改变了电梯门的转动方式，工人不得不等近半 分钟才能关上电梯门，A项“只是稍微耽搁了一下。”对这一行为做进一步的分析， 承接上文，且与空后的“因此，许多人相信走楼梯比等电梯更容易。”衔接紧密。故 选A项。
答案：D
答案：A
C
　　Luck can really feel random， and it can be tough to know how to get good luck. Some individuals get in a temporary dilemma where things don’t go as planned. Others may be convinced they can’t catch a lucky break. 　1　 It can be consistently attracted through effective strategies.
　　Maintaining a positive mindset allows you to draw in luck. When you expect good things to happen， you are more likely to take risks that could lead to fortunate outcomes. By embracing this positive attitude， you become stronger in the face of challenges. 　21　 This allows you to try again after failure and find new opportunities.
　　 　3　 A wider network leads to more opportunities in your pursuit of fortune. According to psychologist Richard Wiseman， the No. 1 predictor of how many lucky breaks a person has is how interconnected they are with others. Additionally， the presence of a supportive community and friendships further enhances your chances of experiencing good fortune.
　　Many lucky breaks occur as a result of bold（大胆自信的） actions. Even if you’re not typically seen as bold， you can still enhance your confidence. For example， if you’re feeling unhappy about your career prospects， polish your resume（简历） and apply to job listings that interest you. 　4　 By welcoming risks， you create opportunities for luck to find you.
　　Luck favors those who are willing to consider new ideas. Being open to new concepts can help put your good-luck train on a new and faster track. But remember： Stay realistic. It’s not just about the mindset but the consequent actions that will be beneficial. 　511　
A. These actions help generate ideas.
B. You also bounce back more quickly.
C. Social connections can affect your luck.
D. However， luck is not just a matter of chance.
E. Actually， luck is something you’re born with.
F. Making such a move is tough but well worth it.
G. They are vital to turning opportunities into gains.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了如何通过有效策略吸引好 运，强调积极心态、社交联系、大胆行动和开放新想法的重要性。
解析：此处需要填过渡句，引出下文关于运气可以通过有效策略被持续吸引的观点。 D项“然而，运气不仅仅是一个机会问题。”恰当地承接了上文提到的运气看似随机 且好运难以获得，同时合理地引出了下文的内容。空后的代词It指代D项中的luck。故 选D项。
答案：D
解析：空前提到拥有积极心态会使你在面对挑战时更强大，此处应该也要讲拥有积极 心态的好处；结合下文的“这让你在失败后再次尝试并找到新机会”可知，B项“你 也能更快地振作起来。”符合语境。空后的代词This指代该句内容，空后的try again 和B项中的bounce back呼应。故选B项。
答案：B
解析：空后讲述广泛的人际网络可以带来更多好运机会，心理学家Richard Wiseman的研究表明，一个人拥有的幸运机会数量的第一个预示物是他们与其他 人的联系有多密切；一个能给予帮助的社区和友谊进一步提高你经历好运的机 会。所以该段主要讲社交网络对好运的影响，C项“社交联系可以影响你的运 气。”可以概括本段。故选C项。
答案：C
解析：此处需要填入一个对大胆行动价值的评价的句子。结合下文“通过欢迎风险， 你创造了机会让好运找到你”可知，F项“采取这样的行动很难，但非常值得。”承 上启下，符合语境。故选F项。
解析：空前讲要保持现实一点，这不仅仅是观念模式的问题，而是随之发生的有益行 动的问题。此处应该讲随之发生的有益行动的重要性。G项“它们对于将机会转化为 收益至关重要。”符合语境。G项中的They指代的是空前的“the consequent actions that will be beneficial”。故选G项。
答案：F
答案：G
D
How to appreciate a classic
　　Classics are often seen as books read by literature majors or intellectuals. They carry a certain air of snobbery（势利） in them. 　1　 The classics and I began as acquaintances， then became friends， and eventually close confidantes（密友） with private jokes between us. So how does one approach a classic？
　　Find your classic （era）. The term classic applies to a wide range of books across a long period of time. 　2　 Not every classic is as thick as Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina. Like all forms of literature， there are genres within the classics selection of a bookstore. By finding your era， there’s always something that may appeal to you.
　　Read slow and get immersed（沉浸的）. Classics aren’t written in our modern tongue. It is written with every mark of the period it was published. As challenging as it may be， I suggest reading your first classic slow. 　3　 It’s like immersing yourself in a different world. It would take a few interactions to get the hang of it， but you do get it eventually.
　　 　4　 Once immersed， you rather get the hang of the language， and it is best to read another one. Maybe read a book from the same author. In this way， the next book becomes easier to read. The ease in the language and the context will be reward itself and may motivate you to read more classics.
　　Try again. If the first classic you got was a miss， find another one. You can even start with thinner books like Peter Pan or a child’s classic such as Alice in Wonderland or even Anne of Green Gables. Don’t jump from “I don’t read classics” to The Brothers Karamazov all too sudden. 　511　
A. Learn more about the author.
B. Reading classics requires pacing.
C. Follow through with another classic.
D. My love for classics was a gradual affair.
E. Allow the book and the language to grow with you.
F. It’s wrong to assume that all classics are created equal.
G. You should treat classics like vegetables and eat them quickly.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了欣赏经典的方法，包括找到 属于自己的经典时代、慢慢地沉浸阅读、读完一本经典后接着读另一本以及如果第一 本不喜欢就再找一本等。
解析：空前提到经典作品通常被视为文学专业学生或知识分子阅读的书籍，带有一种 势利的氛围。空后以作者和经典作品的关系展开，描述他们从相识到成为密友的渐进 过程。因此，空处应承接上文，且引出下文作者对经典作品的热爱。D项“我对经典 作品的爱是逐渐形成的。”与上下文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选D项。
答案：D
解析：本段建议找到适合自己的经典（时代）。空后指出并非所有经典作品都像《安 娜 卡列尼娜》那样厚重，并强调了经典作品类型多样。因此，空处应说明经典作品 的多样性，指出并非所有经典作品都是一样的。F项“认为所有经典作品都千篇一律 是错误的。”呼应段落主旨，且与下文形成“总—分”关系。故选F项。
答案：F
解析：空前提到经典作品不是用现代语言写的，而是带有出版时期的痕迹，建议缓慢 阅读；空后提到沉浸其中就像进入一个不同的世界，需要几次互动才能掌握要领。因 此，空处应说明如何适应经典作品的语言和内容。E项“让书籍和语言与你共同成 长。”既承接上文的慢读建议，又通过“grow with you”呼应下文的“It would take a few interactions... get it eventually.”。故选E项。
答案：E
解析：下文提到沉浸其中后最好再读另一部经典作品，可以尝试读同一作者的另一本 书，这样下一本会更容易读。由此可知，本段围绕“再读另外一本书”展开，故C项 “接着读完另一部经典作品。”符合语境。C项中的“another classic”与下文的 “another one” “the next book”呼应。故选C项。
答案：C
解析：空前提到如果第一部经典作品没有让你满意，可以尝试另一部，你甚至可以从 《彼得 潘》或《爱丽丝梦游仙境》等书开始，不要突然从“我不读经典作品”跳到 《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》。B项“阅读经典作品需要循序渐进。”很好地呼应空前内容， 符合语境。B项中的pacing与上文的“start with thinner books” “Don’t jump... too sudden.”形成呼应。故选B项。
答案：B
集训2　转折关系、因果关系
A
How Loneliness Is Killing Us
　　Loneliness is absolutely an epidemic（流行病） in our society， but it’s been growing for decades. Loneliness is the sense that “I am less connected to other people than I want to be”. 　1　 And that makes it different from isolation（孤立）. I can deliberately isolate myself and feel great about that， but only you can tell if you’re lonely.
　　 　2　 In some studies， as many as 60％ of people will say that they feel lonely much of the time. Young adults aged 16 to 24 are the loneliest age group.
　　There are many factors that are responsible for that. Loneliness was on the rise from the 1950s in part because of the rise of private care. We’ve become a much more mobile society where the networks of family and friends get loose as people move for jobs and other kinds of opportunities like education.
　　 　3　 But then it tears us away from the communities we are born into and spend much of our lives creating. When televisions came into the American home， there was more of a decline in investing in our communities. And that was made worse as the digital revolution gave us more and more screens to look at.
　　Research finds loneliness is dangerous to our health. 　4　 In addition， people who are lonely in late life have more rapid brain decline.
　　The choice we can make to keep us on a good path of wellbeing is to invest in our relationships with other people. 　5　 You belong. You matter. You’re connected.
A. It’s a very subjective experience.
B. All of that is good on the one hand.
C. You may feel lost and may have low confidence.
D. Stress coming from loneliness causes physical breakdowns.
E. Since the 1950s， people have been less and less invested in other people.
F. People go to faraway colleges and only get in touch with families on screen.
G. A good way is to find an activity around other people where you are comfortable.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了孤独的定义、流行程度、成 因以及其对健康的影响，并提出了应对孤独的建议。
解析：空前一句讲孤独是一种“我和别人的联系比我想要的少”的感觉，空后一句讲 这使得它不同于孤立，空处应该描述孤独不同于孤立的独特特性。分析选项可知，A 项“它是一种非常主观的体验。”承接上文，且与下文衔接紧密。选项中的It指代空 前的Loneliness，同时选项与空后的that对应。故选A项。
答案：A
解析：根据空后的“在一些研究中，多达60％的人会说他们很多时候都感到孤独，16 至24岁的年轻人是最孤独的年龄组”可知，本段主要说明孤独的流行程度，E项“自 20世纪50年代以来，人们对他人的关注越来越少。”符合语境，且与第三段中的 “Loneliness was on the rise from the 1950s”呼应。故选E项。
答案：E
解析：第三段提到孤独感的增加与社会流动性有关，这种流动性让人们有了找到工作 和接受教育等的机会。空后的But表示转折，说明这种流动性也迫使人们离开社区， 即导致了社区联系的减弱。由此可知，空处应继续描述流动性带来的好处，承接上 文，又与下一句在逻辑上构成转折关系。故B项“一方面，所有这些都是好的。”符 合语境。故选B项。
解析：空前一句讲研究发现孤独对我们的健康有害，空处应具体描述孤独对健康的有 害影响，D项“来自孤独的压力会导致身体崩溃。”符合语境。故选D项。
答案：B
答案：D
解析：空前讨论了应对孤独的方法，即投资人际关系，G项“一个好的方法是找到一 个让你觉得舒服的有他人围绕的活动。”提供了一个具体的行动建议，与空前的投资 人际关系呼应。故选G项。
答案：G
B
　　When I was in primary school， reading index cards（索引卡） under the guidance of our librarian was how my classmates and I located the books we wanted and entered the world of ideas. It was amazing. 　1　 Then the same librarian explained that book-locating information was also available on a website. We could select books without even leaving our chairs.
　　 　2　. The librarian was not confident that the new technology would last. So， as kids， we kept one foot planted in each world， learning the digital landscape while also physically exploring libraries.
　　Throughout educational history， new tools have been accepted， rejected， or ignored. Digital card catalogues（目录） are an example of tools that facilitate learning， leading many schools to adopt a generally friendly attitude toward new technologies. 　31　 Some tools negatively affect our learning， the most recent example being ChatGPT.
　　ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence （AI） chatbot that can respond to the questions one asks， drawing on stores of information and its interactions with other users. Where ChatGPT impacts education is in completing tasks assigned to students. Students can quit thinking—allowing ChatGPT to digest difficult readings on their behalf. 　411　
　　But learning to write is learning to think. Thinking is something we need to grow and progress as human beings. 　5　 ChatGPT and related technologies destroy this important task. I recommend that students resist employing them in the context of reading and writing if they wish to be transformed by their learning.
A. Sure， AI can do these tasks for us.
B. Education is meant to shape a person.
C. But not all tools are equally constructive.
D. They can also ask it to construct essays assigned by professors.
E. If allowed to have access to AI-based tools， no one would ever think.
F. However， this whole process seemed disappointing the very next day.
G. In those days， we were living between the digital and pre-digital worlds.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着科技的发展，新的教育 工具不断出现，有的教育工具促进学习，如数字卡片目录，有的教育工具则对学习产 生消极影响，如ChatGPT。作者呼吁学生在阅读和写作时，不要使用ChatGPT和相关 技术工具，要学会思考。
解析：上文讲“在小学时，作者和同学在图书管理员的指导下阅读索引卡检索图书， 这种方法令人惊叹”。下文讲“图书管理员解释说在网站上也可以检索图书，甚至不 用离开座椅就可以挑选图书”。F项“然而，第二天，整个过程似乎令人失望。”承 上启下，选项中的“this whole process”指代上文的阅读索引卡检索图书， disappointing与上文的amazing构成转折，且引出下文的在线检索。故选F项。
答案：F
解析：下文讲“图书管理员对这项新技术持续下去没有信心。所以，作为孩子，我们 在每个世界都站稳一只脚，一边学习数字世界，一边探索图书馆”，G项“在那些日 子里，我们生活在数字时代出现前后的交汇点。”与下文衔接紧密。下文中的“each world”指代G项中的“the digital and pre-digital worlds”， “learning the digital landscape while also physically exploring libraries”也与选项中的“the digital and pre- digital worlds”对应。故选G项。
答案：G
解析：空前的“数字卡片目录是促进学习的工具的一个例子，促使许多学校对新技术 采取普遍友好的态度”是对本段第一句话中“new tools have been accepted”的印证。 空后讲一些工具对学习产生负面影响。C项“但并非所有工具都同样有助益。”与空 前内容构成转折，同时引出空后内容，且与段首句中的rejected呼应。选项中的 “equally constructive”指空前的“facilitate learning”这一特性。故选C项。
答案：C
解析：空前讲ChatGPT影响学生完成被分配的任务，学生会停止思考，让ChatGPT代 替他们理解困难的阅读材料，D项“他们还可以让它构思教授布置的论文。”进一步 说明ChatGPT对学生完成任务的消极影响。选项中的They指代上一句的Students， it指 代ChatGPT。故选D项。
答案：D
解析：上文讲“学习写作就是学习思考，思考是我们作为人类成长和进步所需要的东 西”。E项“如果人们被允许使用基于人工智能的工具，就没有人会思考了。”承接 上文，描述人工智能工具对思考的破坏性，下文的“ChatGPT和相关技术破坏了这一 重要任务”对E项作进一步解释，空后的“this important task”指代空前的Thinking。 故选E项。
答案：E
C
　　When parents are on their phones a lot， what will happen to their kids？ Parents who stare at their screens instead of talking to their kids aren’t just modeling poor behavior， but they could be preventing their children’s language development， a new study found.
　　Parents who use screens more have children who use screens more. And those children have a lower talent in grammar and vocabulary. When screens are in use， either by a parent or a child， there is less talking， teaching and reading in households. 　111　
　　What’s more， when kids watch screens with their parents， the study found it doesn’t help their language skills. 　2　 For example， kids ages 24 to 30 months learn new verbs when they are taught through a live interaction or even video chat， but not by watching a video， according to a September 2023 study.
　　The study suggests parents should try not to spend too much time on devices when they are with their children. 　3　 Try to spare a few minutes—start with 15 minutes a day if it seems really hard—where your phone is truly out of sight， out of mind. It helps model good practice for your kids.
　　Parents are also advised to re-evaluate whether they need to be responsive to everything that comes through on their phones in real time. We live in a world where everything seems urgent but usually actually isn’t. 　4　 It’s simply not possible.
　　 　5　 It’s never too late to repair. Spend some extra time reading together or in a no- phone zone like the dinner table. By caring about your kid’s development and looking into tips like these， you are already doing a great job.
A. We don’t actually need our phones all the time.
B. It is an easy way to calm children down or occupy them.
C. Avoid checking your phone instead of hanging out with your friends.
D. And this may be a reason for the lower grammar skills and vocabulary.
E. Try not to put pressure on yourself to respond immediately to everything.
F. Another research also suggests younger children don’t learn well from screens.
G. But parents shouldn’t overstress if they or their children have spent much time on screens.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了父母看手机对孩子的不良影响， 并提出了一些建议。
解析：空处所在段落首先说明了“使用屏幕更多的父母，其孩子也会使用屏幕更多。 并且这些孩子在语法和词汇方面的能力更低”这一结论。接着对这一结论进行说明， 即“当家长或孩子使用屏幕时，家庭中的交谈、教导和阅读会减少”，这与孩子的语 法技巧和词汇水平较低存在因果关系。故D项“而这可能是语法技能和词汇量较低的 一个原因。”符合语境。其中的this指代空前提到的家庭中的交谈等活动减少这一情 况。故选D项。
答案：D
解析：空前提到孩子和父母一起看屏幕对孩子的语言技能没有帮助。空后通过举例说 明24到30个月大的孩子能通过面对面的互动甚至视频聊天学习新动词，但观看视频却 不能实现这些。所以本段旨在说明孩子通过看视频学习的效果不好。故F项“另一项 研究也表明，年幼的孩子不能很好地通过屏幕学习。”与上下文内容紧密相关。它从 研究的角度进一步说明看屏幕（视频）对语言技能没有帮助，并引出下文的研究例 证。故选F项。
答案：F
解析：空前句子提出和孩子在一起时，父母应减少（电子）设备使用时间，空后提出 具体做法，所以空处应与“父母使用手机”相关，由此可将答案定位在A、C之间。C 项强调的是不要让看手机代替你与朋友的相处，与上文“父母陪伴孩子时应减少（电 子）设备使用”的话题不一致；A项点出实际问题，即并非时刻都需要手机，符合题 意。故选A项。
答案：A
解析：本段与第四段均提出建议。本段开头建议父母重新评估自己是否需要对手机上 收到的所有信息都立刻作出回应。接着点出实际问题，即我们生活在一个似乎所有事 情都很紧急，但实际上并非如此的世界。所以接下来应该呼应开头，给出具体的对手 机信息回应的建议。E项“尽量不要给自己施加压力，要求自己对所有事情都立即作 出回应。”符合语境。故选E项。
答案：E
解析：根据空后的“It’s never too late to repair”和“you are already doing a great job” 可推测，空处是对家长的安慰。G项“但是如果父母或者他们的孩子已经在屏幕上花 费了大量时间，父母也不应该过度忧虑。”符合语境。But与上文的建议的语气形成 转折，引出缓解家长焦虑的内容。故选G项。
答案：G
D
　　Sometimes it seems that we can’t feel any joy in life. We all have such bad days. However， an inability to feel joy is not the norm and requires attention. 　1　 Luckily， there are steps we can take to generate joy.
　　 　2　 Learning to recognize emotions that inhibit（抑制） our ability to access joy can help us gain access to our positive core emotions. For example， when we feel anxious， slow down， breathe and name the emotion. Once the body feels calm， we get curious about the emotion’s meaning. We may ask， “What is this emotion protecting me from？” and “If I move this emotion aside， what’s underneath？”
　　Pay someone a compliment（称赞）. 　3　 So witnessing someone else’s happiness can make us smile， plimenting a friend or co-worker can help. Saying “It’s nice to see you today” goes a long way. They may smile or show appreciation for your kind words. Witnessing their joy and happiness will lift your spirits.
　　Enjoy small moments of pleasure. Imagine you’re a joy detective and try to identify one positive interaction that you’ve experienced recently. 　4　 When you notice a positive feeling， try to stay with the moment. In the long run， it will lengthen our experience of positive emotions.
　　Smile， even when you don’t feel like it. When we’re feeling down， smiling may be the last thing on our mind. However， turning up the corners of your mouth can lower stress and boost your mood. It is a good way to watch a funny movie. Notice what happens when you laugh or smile. 　511　
A. Get out of a bad mood.
B. Watch out for joy blockers.
C. Emotions tend to spread rapidly among people.
D. This may remind you of a past pleasant experience.
E. Perhaps it was a warm conversation or dinner with a friend.
F. Chances are that you’ll experience a wave of joy， even for a moment.
G. Joylessness can affect our mental health， relationship and well-being.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过提出一系列建议和方法，旨在帮助 读者在生活中创造和感受更多的快乐。
解析：空后的Luckily一词表明，空处讲的应该是一件不好的事情。空前一句讲“然 而，无法感受到快乐并不是常态，这需要关注”。因此，空处应该讲无法感受到快乐 的危害，分析选项可知，G项“不快乐会影响我们的心理健康、人际关系和幸福。” 承接上文。故选G项。
解析：结合文本结构可知，空处考查段落主旨句。空后讲“学会识别抑制我们获得快 乐能力的情绪可以帮助我们获得积极的核心情绪”，接着举例对此进行具体解释，所 以本段主要建议我们要关注那些抑制我们获取快乐的情绪，B项“留意快乐拦截 者。”适合作本段的主旨句。故选B项。
答案：G
答案：B
解析：根据空后的结果“So witnessing someone else’s happiness can make us smile， too.”可知，空处应该讲见证别人的幸福为什么会让我们微笑。分析选项可知，C项 “情绪往往会在人们之间迅速传播。”解释了原因。故选C项。
解析：空前一句讲“想象你是一个快乐侦探，试着找出你最近经历过的一个积极的互 动”，故空处应具体描述你最近经历过的一个积极的互动。分析选项可知，E项“也 许是一次温暖的谈话，或者是和朋友共进晚餐。”符合语境，选项中的it指代上文的 “one positive interaction”。故选E项。
答案：C
答案：E
解析：空前讲“观看一部搞笑电影是一个好方法。注意当你大笑或微笑的时候会发生 什么”，故空处应具体讲笑的时候会发生的事情。分析选项并结合常识可知，F项 “很有可能你会经历一阵喜悦，哪怕只有片刻。”符合语境。故选F项。
答案：F
集训3　递进关系、并列关系
A
　　We are so passionate about what we do. We get to travel this amazing world， make great friendships， make positive changes within local communities and help conserve animals. 　1　.
　　It is not a nine-to-five job for us. You will find us available to answer your questions outside of the “normal” hours， be that 6：30 on a Monday morning or 20：00 on a Sunday evening. We also make it easy. You can contact us through online chat， by email， text， social media or telephone. 　2　， allowing this a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to all travelers.
　　Over the past couple of years， we have hosted many volunteers and made such a big impact around the world. Here are the things you should know about us：
　　 　311　
　　Not only do our volunteer programs directly help within the local community， but we ensure that all tasks aid the local economy， respect all cultures and support the development of the local infrastructure（基础设施）， which is crucial to the long-term future of the city.
　　We want you to have a great time
　　We make sure you and other volunteers have the best time of your lives. The fastest and most efficient way for us to grow and spread our programs is by YOU. 　4　. That’s why we are so proud of our 5 out of 5 star rating.
　　So， do something different and special when you next go abroad. 　5　. Whether you want to help protect the elephants in Sri Lanka， help the disabled in Nepal or teach children in Cambodia， the Mighty Roar can make it happen.
A. Reviews are key to our success
B. We are committed to conservation
C. We have the perfect experience waiting for you
D. All of our community programs are sustainable
E. That’s the reason why we started the Mighty Roar
F. Remember to share those experiences with your friends
G. We aim to make our volunteering programs as accessible as possible
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个致力于通过志愿者活动 带来积极影响的组织。该组织成员热衷于环游世界、结交好友、助力当地社区并保护 动物。
解析：空前提到我们热衷于所做之事，能环游世界、结交好友、在当地社区做出积极 改变以及帮助保护动物，下文提到工作性质并非朝九晚五，会在非“正常”时间解答 问题等内容。E项“这就是我们创立Mighty Roar的原因”引出下文对工作相关内容的 阐述，起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。E项的That指代上文提到的热衷之事带来的 积极意义。故选E项。
答案：E
解析：空前提到可以通过多种方式（在线聊天、邮件、短信、社交媒体或电话）联系 我们，空后提到让所有旅行者都有这个一生一次的机会。G项“我们旨在让我们的志 愿者项目尽可能容易参与”符合语境。上文提到的多种联系方式正是为了让项目容易 参与，进而实现让所有旅行者有机会参与，逻辑连贯。G项的“make... as accessible as possible”与“contact us through... telephone”以及“allowing... to all travelers”相呼 应。故选G项。
答案：G
解析：下文指出志愿者项目不仅直接帮助当地社区，还确保所有任务有助于当地经 济、尊重所有文化并支持当地基础设施发展，这对城市的长期未来至关重要。D项 “我们所有的社区项目都是可持续的”能够概括本段内容。故选D项。
解析：空前提到我们确保你和其他志愿者拥有人生中最美好的时光，对我们来说，扩 大和推广项目最快最有效的方式就是依靠你，空后提到这就是为什么我们对我们的五 星评级感到如此自豪。因此空处应与评级有关。A项“评价对我们的成功至关重要” 承上启下，符合语境。故选A项。
答案：D
答案：A
解析：空前呼吁下次出国时做些不同且特别的事，空后列举了在不同国家可以参与的 志愿活动，如在斯里兰卡保护大象、在尼泊尔帮助残疾人、在柬埔寨教孩子等。C项 “我们有完美的体验等待着你”既承接了上文的做不同且特别之事，又引出下文具体 的志愿者活动，符合语境。故选C项。
答案：C
B
　　If you are a perfectionist， you follow high standards and always try to do everything well. 　1　 Researchers find pursuing perfection can have serious effects on mental health.
　　In a 2016 study， researchers studied the relationship between perfectionism and depression over time. 　2　 Although people may believe that their perfectionism contributes to their success， it seems to be harmful to their mental health.
　　Is perfectionism always harmful？ 　3　 Some suggest the possibility of adaptive perfectionism， where people stick to high standards without self-criticism of their own mistakes. However， others believe that perfectionism is not adaptive and they don’t think it is beneficial.
　　So what can perfectionists do to change their behavior？ Psychologists point out that giving up on perfection does not necessarily mean less success. 　4　 A possible alternative to perfectionism is what psychologists call a growth mindset. Unlike those with a fixed mindset， those with a growth mindset believe that they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes.
　　 　5　 To understand self-sympathy， think about how you would respond to a close friend if they made a mistake. It is likely that you will respond with kindness and understanding， knowing that your friend is doing it out of good intentions.
A. Another is to cultivate sympathy for oneself.
B. Psychologists have heated debates over this issue.
C. In the long run， accepting imperfection can actually help.
D. Perfectionism can be beneficial in some situations.
E. High standards are one thing， but perfectionism is another.
F. The key to overcoming perfectionism is to avoid it at all cost.
G. They found high levels of perfectionism often increased depression.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了完美主义的危害和完美主义 者应如何做出改变。
解析：空前提到如果你是一个完美主义者，你遵循高标准而且总是试图把每件事做 好；空后讲述研究人员发现追求完美可能会对精神健康产生严重影响。E项“但是高 标准是一回事，完美主义是另外一回事。”承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。
解析：根据空前内容可知，在2016年的一个研究中，研究人员研究了完美主义和抑郁 之间的关系。此处可能会讲到关系是什么。G项“他们发现高水平的完美主义经常会 增加抑郁。”讲述了研究发现的结果，符合语境。故选G项。
答案：E
答案：G
解析：空前是一个问句：完美主义一直是有害的吗？空后又讲述了两拨人的观点，一 些人支持，一些人反对，B项“心理学家们对于这个问题有激烈的讨论。”承上启 下，符合语境。故选B项。
解析：根据该段首句可知该段主要在讲完美主义者可以做出哪些改变。空前讲述心理 学家指出放弃完美并不意味着成功会变少，故此处应该与放弃完美这一改变有关。C 项“从长远角度来看，接受不完美确实有帮助。”既涉及改变建议，又承接上文进一 步说放弃完美的好处，符合语境。故选C项。
答案：B
答案：C
解析：空后讲为了理解自我同情，想一下如果你的一个亲近的朋友犯了错，你会如何 做出反应。很有可能你知道你的朋友是出于好意，你表示善意和理解。A项“另外就 是培养对自己的同情。”最能概括本段内容。故选A项。
答案：A
C
　　I’ve always disliked getting up in winter. As a child， I would drag myself out of bed， my eyes half-closed， and watch my school uniform warming on the radiator. 　111　 It’s too dark， and I am always half-asleep.
　　 　2　 Most of them are fun， but few really change my life in the long run. Sunrise alarm clocks， however， are different. They’ve become a fundamental part of my morning routine. My top picks， the Lumie Bodyclock Spark 100 and Philips SmartSleep， have greatly benefited me. I’m waking up every day feeling more energetic and mentally sharper.
　　Essentially， sunrise alarm clocks are a combination of the alarm clock and the light treatment device that shines with increasing brightness as your wake-up time approaches. The light interacts with our natural sleep-wake cycle， much as the sun does when it rises. 　31　
　　Sunrise alarm clocks also promote healthier sleep habits. In our tech-driven world， waking up often means immediately checking our phones. An important strength of sunrise alarm clocks is that your morning wake-up no longer involves your phone. Stopping a smartphone alarm means your day begins with eyes on-screen. 　4　 But with these clocks， you can start the day with a clearer mind and more concentration.
　　Sleep is personal， and no single device fits everyone. But for me， sunrise alarm clocks have been a game-changer. They’re affordable， with quality models available for under ￡30. 　5　 After all， some morning people are made， not born.
A. They prove to fall into this unique category.
B. Interested in tech， I often test fascinating devices.
C. Therefore， we wake up biologically prepared for the day.
D. The path to endless screen time is just a fingerprint away.
E. These days， I set multiple alarms to ensure I’m woken up.
F. If you are struggling with dark mornings， it’s worth a shot.
G. All of the sunrise alarm clocks I’ve tested have their strengths.
　　［语篇解读］　本文是一篇说明文。文章中作者通过介绍自己与早起斗争的经 历，引出了日出闹钟这类产品，介绍了其优点并推荐大家去购买。
解析：根据本段第一句话“I’ve always disliked getting up in winter.”可知，作者一直 都不喜欢在冬日起床，空前一句“As a child， I would... on the radiator.”介绍了作者 小时候冬日起床时的表现，空后的“It’s too dark， and I am always half-asleep.”说到 了作者现在的状态。因此，空处应该讲到的是作者现在冬日起床的表现，故E项“这 些天我设置了多个闹钟来确保我能被唤醒。”承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。
答案：E
解析：根据空后的“Most of them are fun， but few really change my life in the long run. Sunrise alarm clocks， however， are different.”可知，空处讲到的应该是作者尝试了 很多闹钟，B项“我对科技感兴趣，经常测试极有吸引力的设备。”符合语境，其中 的“fascinating devices”与空后的“them”呼应。故选B项。
答案：B
解析：空前讲到光线与我们自然的“睡眠—清醒”周期相互作用，就如同太阳升起时 所起的作用一样。空处讲的应该是由此给人们带来的积极影响，C项“因此，从生理 上来说，我们醒来时已经为一天的到来做好了准备。”符合语境。C项中的 “biologically”和文中的“our natural sleep-wake cycle”呼应。故选C项。
答案：C
解析：结合语境和选项可知，D项“通往无尽屏幕时间的道路只有一指之遥。”强调 了使用手机闹钟可能导致的后果，即容易陷入长时间看屏幕的状态，与下文提到的 “但是有了这些闹钟，你就可以以更清晰的头脑和更多的注意力开始一天”形成对 比。故选D项。
解析：根据空前的“But for me， sunrise alarm clocks have been a game-changer. They’re affordable， with quality models available for under ￡30.”可知，空前讲到了日 出闹钟给作者带来的好处和售价，空处应该会推荐该产品，故F项“如果你在黑暗的 早晨挣扎，这款闹钟值得一试。”符合语境。故选F项。
答案：D
答案：F