人教版（2019）必修第二册 Unit 5 First Aid Discovering Useful Structures课件(共39张PPT)

(共39张PPT)
Discovering Useful Structures
新人教选择性必修二
Unit 5 First Aid
Learning Objectives
Identify the form, meaning, function and structures of the -ing form by using the methods of observation-discovery-induction-practice-application;
Rewrite sentences and complete passages using the -ing form;
Talk about helping elderly people and avoiding accidents in life using the -ing form.
Lead-in：
v-ing功能分类
v-ing形式
动名词
现在分词
主语
宾语
表语
定语
定语
表语
状语
宾补
Playing with fire is dangerous.
Jim likes jumping in muddy puddles.
Her idea is building up a new company.
People living there are quite friendly.
He really needs a washing machine.
The performance was really amazing.
Laughing and talking, they went in.
I love to watch her performing on the stage.
非谓语动词之V-ing
动词
谓语
非谓语
done
doing
to do
具有动词的特征
具有名词的特征
具有形容词的特征
具有副词的特征
动名词
现在分词
主语 谓语 表语 宾语 定语 状语 宾补
ing
Observe and Discover：
1．As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
2．You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose clean cloth.
3．The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
4．It is best to place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.
5．If you see someone choking，first call the emergency services.
6．Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
Subject主语
Predicative表语
Attribute定语
Adverbial状语
Object complement宾语补足语
Object after a preposition宾语
宾语补足语
What is the function of the -ing form in each sentence
一、动词–ing 形式的结构
主动语态 被动语态 肯定式 否定式 肯定式 否定式
一般式 doing
完成式
not doing
being done
not being done
having done
not having done
having been done
not having been done
形式 意义
doing
having done
done
being done
having been done
主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生
主动，先于谓语动词发生
被动
被动，正在进行，一般作原因状语放句首
被动，先于谓语动词发生
动词-ing形式的复合结构有4种：
形容词性物主代词+动词-ing
名词所有格+动词-ing
人称代词宾格+动词-ing
名词+动词-ing
1. Do you mind my/ me/ Jack’s/ Jack leaving now
2. His/ Tom’s winning the first prize last year impressed me a lot.
主语、宾语
宾语
v-ing作主语
单个的动词 -ing 形式作主语时，谓语动词用_________。
多个的动词 -ing 形式作主语时，谓语动词用_________。
1. Placing burns under the cool running water is the most efficient step to stop the burning process.
2. Applying oil to the injuried area is a bad idea.
3. Singing songs and dancing are his hobbies.
Observe and Find
单数形式
复数形式
动词-ing形式做主语
（2）动词-ing形式做主语，可放在句首或句末，放在句末时长用it做形式主语。
做……是浪费时间的
做……是没益/用处/乐趣的
做……是没有用的
做……是值得的
做……没有道理
It + is/was +a waste of time doing…
It is/was no good/use/fun/pleasure doing…
It is/was useless doing…
It is/was worth/worthwhile doing …
There is/was no sense in doing…
（1）动词-ing形式做主语，谓语动词要用________.
单数
v.-ing作主语往往表示______________________动作
to do作主语往往表示_________________动作。
v-ing和to do作主语的区别
Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
To finish the task will take a long time.
要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。
Observe and Find
v.-ing 形式和 to do 作主语时的区别
经常/多次发生的习惯性
具体的或一次性的
有些动词后只能跟_______________作宾语，而不能跟动词不定式作宾语。
1. However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany…
2. Elsewhere, people favor shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
3. Would you mind opening the window
Observe and Find
v-ing作宾语
动词-ing形式
有此用法的动词有：
动词-ing形式做宾语
动词-ing 形式做宾语，可位于（短语）动词之后，也可以位于介词之后
① 接动词-ing作宾语的动词, 常见的有：
考虑建议盼原谅，
承认推迟没得想，
避免错过继续练，
否认完成停能赏，
不禁介意准逃亡，
不准冒险凭想象。
consider, suggest / advise, look forward to, pardon
admit, delay / put off, fancy
avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise
deny, finish, stop, enjoy / appreciate
can’t help, mind, allow/ permit, escape
forbid, risk, imagine
②接动词-ing形式作介词的宾语。
insist on, object to, lead to, put off, give up, be/get used to, look forward to, feel like, pay attention to, stick to, devote to等中的to都是介词，而不是动词不定式符号。
有些动词如continue, start, begin等后面即可接_________________________，意义_________。
1. He continue working/to work as if nothing happened.
2. When did you start doing/to do your homework
3. They begin muting/to mute their voices, not be as assertive(坚定自信的).
Observe and Find
v-ing作宾语
动名词也可接不定式作宾语
差别不大
在love, like, prefer, hate等动词后接v-ing指_____________, 接 to do指__________。
He preferred staying in the house when it rained.
He preferred to stay at home this afternoon.
Observe and Find
v-ing作宾语
经常性的动作
具体的动作
v.-ing作宾语，指每逢下雨天都呆在家里。
to do作宾语，表示今天下午留在家里这一具体动作。
有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词 ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。
v-ing作宾语
eg I remember posting the letter.
I’ll remember to post the letter.
I shall never forget seeing the famous writer.
Don’t forget to write to your mother.
我已把信寄了。
我会记着去寄信的。
我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。
不要忘了给你母亲写信。
下列动词可接动词 ing形式的主动形式表示_________，相当于_________________。
The bike needs repairing/to be repaired.
The carpet wants cleaning/to be cleaned.
Observe and Find
v-ing作宾语
被动意义
不定式的被动形式
need/want/require/deserve doing＝need/want/require/deserve to be done
分词作表语
1. The argument is very convincing．
2. The situation both at home and abroad is encouraging．
3. They were very shocked at the news.
4. The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.
分词作表语，多表示_____________________________。
现在分词作表语，多表示主语具有的______，常译为____________;
过去分词作表语，多表示主语具有的______，常译为____________。
现在分词
现在分词
过去分词
过去分词
特征
令人……的
状态
感到……的
主语具有的特征和状态
Observe and Find
1. Seeing is believing.
2. Her job is cleaning the windows of that high building.
3. What pleases him is bathing under the sun．
4. What Tom hates most is being looked down upon.
动名词作表语与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可__________。
互换位置
Observe and Find
v-ing作表语
His job is interesting.
His job is serving the people.
现在分词说明主语的________；动名词说明主语的_______。因此，动名词作表语可以和主语___________，而现在分词_________和主语互换位置。
Interesting is his job.
Serving the people is his job.
现在分词
动名词
特征
内容
互换位置
不可以
v-ing作表语
现在分词和动名词作表语的区别
a barking dog
v-ing作定语
现在分词作定语表示名词的状态：进行、主动。
1.定义
a sleeping baby
an exhausting work
a disappointing result
动名词作定语表示名词的性质。
a washing machine
a swimming pool
动名词作定语表示名词的用途。
v-ing作定语的定义：
现在分词作定语，表示正在______的或______的动作
动名词表示被修饰词的_____和_____。
进行
主动
性质
用途
a girl dancing on the stage
a tower being built there
a vase dating back to Han Dynasty
v-ing作定语
现在分词作定语的位置：
单个分词作定语一般放在修饰词的_______，现在分词短语作定语通常放在修饰词的_______，并且可以转化为一个________从句。
后面
前面
定语
v-ing作宾补
使用v-ing形式作宾补，常表示宾语和宾补之间是主动关系或表示v-ing形式的动作正在进行。
We can see a boy singing in the picture.
宾语补足语
主语
谓语
宾语
We see her listening to music.
We can see four kids running on the playground.
The police caught the man stealing the money.
作宾补
主动 ____________
被动 ____________
在_____________后作宾补
在_____________后作宾补
在_____________后作宾补
doing
being done
感官动词
使役动词
with复合结构
v-ing形式
形式
用法
用法1
感官动词（短语）see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel等后常接v-ing形式作宾补，宾语和宾补之间是主动关系。
以see为例：see +宾语+ doing sth. 看见·······正在做某事
感官动词+宾语+v-ing宾补
用法2
1). have/make +宾语+ doing sth. 使······持续做某事
2). get +宾语+ doing sth.使······开始做某事
3). keep/leave +宾语+ doing sth.使······一直做某事
e.g. I’m sorry to keep you waiting for so long.
She kept me waiting for over twenty minutes.
I’ll have you speaking English in six months.
Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain.
使役动词+宾语+v-ing宾补
用法3
e.g. With the time passing by, he almost forgot everything in the past.
With spring coming on, trees turn green.
with+宾语+v-ing宾补
1. Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.
2. Being tired, I stopped to have a rest.
3. The snow lasted a week, causing serious traffic confusions.
4. Working hard, you will finally succeed.
时间状语
原因状语
结果状语
条件状语
5. Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best.
6. Please answer the question, using another way.
7. Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant, feeling frustrated.
让步状语
方式状语
伴随状语
v-ing作状语
现在分词（短语）作状语，修饰谓语动词，在意义上相当于状语从句，可以与状语从句转换，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等。其逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为主动关系。
Hearing the news, he got frightened.
When he heard the news, he got frightened.
1.v-ing形式作时间状语
相当于相当于as, when, while,until等引导的一个时间状语从句
Not knowing her address, I can't write to her.
Because I don’t know her address, I can't write to her.
2.v-ing形式作原因状语
相当于as，because等引导的一个原因状语从句
Taking the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a lake.
If you take the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a lake.
3.v-ing形式作条件状语
相当于由if，unless，once等引导的一个条件状语从句
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Living miles away, he attended the course.
Although he lived miles away, he attended the course.
4.v-ing形式作让步状语
相当于由although，though，as if/though等引导的一个让步状语从句
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
They stoodthere for half an hour and watched the stars in the sky.
5.v-ing形式作方式、伴随状语
The child fell off the tree, hitting his head against the ground.
The child fell off the tree, and he hit his head against the ground.
6.v-ing形式作结果状语
相当于由so，and等引导的一个并列句
相当于and引导的一个并列句
动词-ing
Summary
句法功能：
主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补
基本结构：
复合结构：
having done（主动）
一般式
完成式
doing（主动）
being done（被动）
having been done（被动）
形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+动词-ing(主/宾)
人称代词宾格/名词+动词-ing(宾语)
Practice and Apply：
Replace each underlined part with a sub suitable –ing form and rewrite the sentence as necessary.
1. When he got out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor.
2. Is there any reason why we are not going to have the first-aid
training this week
滑倒;摔跤
When getting out of the bathtub, he splided and fell on the floor.
Is there any reason for not having the first-aid training this week
Practice and Apply：
3. She had been told about the risk of electric shocks and this made her very
careful while using hairdryers.
4. Because the child was not watched carefully by his parents, he touched a
hot iron and burnt his finger.
5. After she had been bitten by mosquitoes, she applied some medicine to her skin.
Not being watched carefully by his parents, the child touched a hot iron and burnt his finger.
Having been told about the risk of electric shocks, she was very careful while using hairdryers.
After being / having been bitten by mosquitoes, she applied some medicine to her skin.
Practice and Apply：
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the given words.
Mrs Taylor was an elderly woman ______ (live) alone. One day, she was in her living room cleaning the windows, when suddenly she could no longer feel the right side of her body. ________ (try) to walk to her sofa to sit down, she fell over onto the carpet. Then she realised that she could not get up, and that she was having troule __________ (breathe).
living
Trying
breathing
adj. 年纪较大的；上了年纪的
n. 地毯
Practice and Apply：
Fortunately, she had her mobile phone with her, and she was able to reach it with her left hand while _______ (lie) on the floor. Her mobile phone ________________ (already, set up) to call an emergency number at the push of a button, so it was easy to call for help. While attempting to talk to the operator, Mrs Tayor discovered that she could not speak. ___________ (not, hear) an answer, the operator knew that Mrs Tayor must be in trouble. Telling Mrs Tayor that everything would be OK,
lying
was already set up
Not hearing
Practice and Apply：
she immediately sent an ambulance. After _________ (arrive), the ambulance team quickly found Mrs Tayor and without delay gave he oxygen, put in an IV needle, and checked her vital signs. ________________ (take) to the hospital and treated immediately, Mrs Tayor's health was in no great danger, though she had to stay in the hospital ward. After a week, her __________ (frighten) experience was over, and she was allowed to go home.
arriving
Having been taken
frightening
n. 救护车
vi.& vt. 推迟；延期
n. 针；注射针
n. 病房
What happened to Mrs. Taylor
Introduction
Rising action
Falling action
Resolution
Climax
Practise retelling the story using –ing form
living alone
cleaning, no longer feel
trying, fell
having trouble breathing
reached, lying
attempting, not speak
not hearing, knew
telling, sent
arriving, found
Having been taken and treated
frightening, over
Attention：
useful --ing forms:
doing;
not doing;
being done;
having done;
having been done;
what; who; when; where
what; how
how
Write a short story based on the picture trying to use -ing form .
One day, when skating in the pond behind our farm, I suddenly fell into the cold water. Being trapped there, I felt cold and frightened. Not knowing what to do, I shouted for help. A boy happened to pass here. Having heard my call, he found a long stick and dragged me out. Having been rescued from the hole, I was thankful to him.
Reference
Attention：
Life is precious!
First aid
can save people’s lives.
Discovering Useful Structures
新人教选择性必修二
Thank You !