人教版（2019）必修第二册Unit 4 History and Traditions Discovering Useful Structures 课件（共36张PPT)

人教版2019必修第二册
Unit 4 History and Traditions
Discovering Useful Structures
Learning objectives:
At the end of this lesson, students are able to:
Understand the definition, formation, and basic meaning of past participles.
Master the usage of past participles as attributes and object complements.
Correctly distinguish the differences between past participles and other non-finite verbs.
Lead-in：
用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征。
形容词
名词、代词、数词
介词短语、动词不定式、分词
定语从句
定语
Attribute 定语
定语
6. Mother made a birthday cake for Zhang Jiaying．
4. Li Boyi’s father is a tall man.
5. Africa belongs to the third world.
3. His mom is a teacher.
2. Zhang Hao lives in a village nearby.
1. Zhang Jiajing is a cute girl.
（形容词）
(副词）
（代词）
（数词）
（名词所有格/形容词）
（名词）
修饰、限定、说明名词或代词，译为“...的”
Object Complement
宾语补足语
在英语句子中，某些及物动词或介词后面需要宾语，还需要某个词或词组来补充说明宾语的性质，属性，状态，程度等，这些词或词组被称为宾语补足语。
及物动词/介词+宾语(n./pron.)+宾语补足语(n./adj./adv./to do/-ing/-ed/介词短语
There is still good availability of some of the hottest toys this Christmas, but we still advise parents and shoppers to get to stores as early as possible next week.
这个圣诞节期间一些热门玩具仍然货源充足，但我们还是建议家长和购物者下周尽早去商店购买。
Lead-in：
Everyone calls him Tom.
(宾语)
(宾补)
(主语)
(谓语)
宾补: 放在宾语_________, 对宾语___________的作用。
之后
补充说明
宾语补足语
--对宾语的补充说明
Vt
1. 基本模式：done

不规则变化见P114
动词原型+ed
2. 意义：一般表示完成的和被动的动作。
Lead-in：
What is the past participle(过去分词）？
an ______ player

一个受伤的球员
injured
the _______ leaves 落叶
fallen
a ________ stamp
一枚用过的邮票
used
Past Participle as the Attribute：
过去分词(短语)作定语时的位置
单个的过去分词作定语时，常放在被修饰词之前
a closed door
a broken window
a polluted river
Past Participle as the Attribute：
过去分词短语作定语时,常放在被修饰词之后。
The laptop joined to the Internet belongs to Lucy.
过去分词(短语)作定语时的位置
The laptop which is joined to the Internet belongs to Lucy.
1. He is one of those invited.
2. There was nobody punished here.
Tip 1：
单个的过去分词修饰复合不定代词something, everything, anything, nothing, nobody等或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的_______
后面
注：有些单个的过去分词如 left(剩余的)等作定语时习惯后置
某些动词的过去分词已成为形容词，这类形容词多用来表示人物的心理特征或感情变化。常见的这类过去分词有：disappointed、moved、interested、surprised、shocked、puzzled、excited、frightened、worried、pleased等
常常修饰人以及look、expression、voice、smile等
1.The frightened baby kept crying.
2.From his excited look, I know he passed the examination.
Tip 2：
Tip 3：
及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已完成，有时也不表示时间性。
eg: The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon．
Tip 4:
不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。
eg: Many little kids like gathering fallen leaves in the yard．许多小孩子喜欢在庭院里收集落叶。
The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning．
早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀着。
The building built last year is our classroom building．
The building being built now is our classroom building．
The building to be built next month is our classroom building．
Tip 5:
过去分词（done）、现在分词的被动形式（being done)和不定式的被动形式（to be done)做定语的区别
{08FB837D-C827-4EFA-A057-4D05807E0F7C} 形式　
语态
时态
done
被动
完成
being done
被动
进行
to be done
被动
将来
(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动和完成。
French is one of the major languages used at international conferences.
法语是国际会议上使用的主要语言之一。
某些表示人的情绪变化的使令性动词,其过去分词作定语，表示人的某种心情、感受或者表情等,意为“……的”,这些动词的过去分词往往已经成为一个形容词了。
The frightened boy turned around and ran away quickly.
那个受惊的男孩转过身去,很快地跑开了。
过去分词作定语表示的语态和时间
过去分词作定语表示的语态和时间
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语没有被动意义，只表示完成。
a retired teacher 退休教师
fallen leaves
落叶
the risen sun
升起的太阳
过去分词(短语)作定语与定语从句的关系
过去分词(短语)作定语时，相当于一个定语从句。
The works shown at the exhibition are priceless.
=The works which are shown at the exhibition are priceless.
展览会上展出的作品是无价之宝。
Past Participle as Object Complement：
V-ed作宾语补足语表示被动或完成的意义。
V-ed与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：
+
直接宾语（名词或代词）
+
宾语补足语
Everyone calls him Tom.
(宾语)
(宾补)
(主语)
(谓语)
宾语补足语一般放在宾语_________, 对宾语___________的作用。
之后
补充说明
某些及物动词（如make等）
直接宾语（名词或代词）
宾语补足语(object complement)
Past Participle as Object Complement：
过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
用在表示某种状态的动词keep, leave 等的后面
They kept the door locked for a longtime.
他们把门锁了好长一段时间。
在"make+宾语+过去分词"结构中,过去分词表示结果
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
我提高了嗓门以便让别人听到我的话。
Past Participle as Object Complement：
过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
“have/get+ 宾语+过去分词”结构可表示使某事被做(让别人做或主语自己做);遭遇某种不幸
I have had my bike repaired.
我让人修了我的自行车。
Mary had her watch stolen the other day.
玛丽的手表在前几天被人偷了。
Past Participle as Object Complement：
过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
用在感官动词 watch, see, hear, notice, feel等的后面作宾语补足语;此外, find也有此用法
When we got to school, we saw the gate locked.
在“with+宾语+过去分词”结构中，宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系
The thief was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
Past Participle as Object Complement：
过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
用在want，wish，like，expect, order 等表示“希望,愿望，命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语
I want the car fixed today.
我想要这辆车今天就修好。
Everyone wishes the matter settled as soon as possible. 每个人都希望这件事情尽快解决。
*感官动词done作宾补与to do, doing
作宾补的区别:
过去分词强调他们之间的___________。
I saw her taken out of the classroom.
不定式强调动作发生的_______。
I saw her come into the classroom.
现在分词强调他们之间的_______________。
I saw her coming into the classroom.
被动关系
全过程
主动关系, 正在进行
get, have, make, keep, leave等
watch, notice, see, hear, listen to, feel, find等
want, wish, like, expect, order等
“with + 宾语 + 宾补”
过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系
主语 ＋ 谓语动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 过去分词
“致使某人或某事被……”
“感受到某人或某事被做”
“希望 / 要求某人或某事被做”
4.情感动词两分词，
过去分词表 现在分词表 。
（物）令人…
（人）感到…
用作定语意不同
{5940675A-B579-460E-94D1-54222C63F5DA}情感类动词
过去分词
现在分词
interested
interesting
inspired
inspiring
amazing
boring
surprised
disappointing
interest
amaze
bore
disappoint
surprise
inspire
amazed
surprising
disappointed
bored
拓展1: 过去分词、现在分词 作形容词
{BC89EF96-8CEA-46FF-86C4-4CE0E7609802}非谓语动词
形式
时态
语态
Examples
现在分词 v-ing
进行
主动
过去分词 v-ed
过去
被动
不定式
to do
将来
主动
拓展2: 非谓语动词 作定语
3. The building built last year is our teaching building.
4. America is a developed country.
1. The man standing there is our teacher.
2. As we all know, China is a developing country.
5. The student to speak is my classmate.
6. The building to be built next year is a military basis.
to be held
__________ yesterday
The meeting __________ now
__________ tomorrow

held
being held
is of great importance. (hold)
过去分词作定语与其它非谓语形式的区别：
1. 过去分词done：被动、完成；
2. 现在分词的主动式doing：正在进行的主动动作；
3. 现在分词的被动式being done：正在进行的被动动作；
4. 不定式的主动式to do：将要发生的主动动作；
5. 不定式的被动式to be done：将要发生的被动动作
拓展3:其他非谓语动词 作定语
Practice：
1. The idea ___________ (present) by Peter is much simpler.
2. Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ___________ (spend).
3. His mother is a ___________ (retire) teacher and she is very patient with children.
4. I waved at the ___________ (excite) children and said goodbye to them.
5. The experience ___________ (gain) through this journey will help me get over difficulties in life in the future.
presented
spent
retired
excited
gained
Practice：
1. 不要让窗户一直像这样破着。
2. 我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。
3. 解决了这个难题,老板满意地笑了。
Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
With the difficult problem handled, the boss smiled with satisfaction.
Practice：
Rewrite the sentences with past participles as the attribute.
1. Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing.
2. Carl and his friends staved with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.
Loch Ness surrounded by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing.
Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them homemade bread with butter and honey.
Practice：
Rewrite the sentences with past participles as the attribute.
3. The family's ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War.
4. The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.
The family's ancestors once attended to wounded soldiers in the First World War.
The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill.
Practice：
1. ____________ (ensure) the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should make certain the redlight is working.
2. With her ____________ charge, I was confident all would be OK.
3. Well, it's due in at 6:20 pm, but the ________________ (announce) said just now there has a30-minute delay because of the bad weather.
4. Today $8 or $10 seems ____________ small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens.
5. If a child ____________ (approach) him, he will pause to give that child his undivided attention.
6. No one could be ________________ (generous); he has a heart of gold.
To ensure
in
announcement
a
approaches
more generous
Practice：
7. Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ____________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
8. A study ____________ (conduct) in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.
9. It's an opportunity to make the Chinese culture better ____________ (know) to international students.
10. Technological innovations, ____________ (combine) with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
11. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ____________ (take) him.
designed
conducted
known
combined
taken
Thank You !
Discovering Useful Structures
人教版2019必修第二册