Unit1 Science and Scientists Using language 课件(共64张PPT)-人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

(共64张PPT)
write about what makes a great scientist
Pre-reading: Think and talk
1911--2009
Qian Xuesen
The Father of Missiles & Aerospace
The King of the Rocket
Be Awarded with the Medal of Two Bombs and One Satellite
Read the text and decide whether the statements are tue or false .
1.Qian changed his major because of a shift in personal interest.
2.Qian’s strong interest in art has a positive impact on a scientist’s development.
3.When Hawking was young, almost everyone believed that the universe began with a big bang.
4.Because Hawking was determined, he was able to succeed even though he was ill.
false
true
false
true
Answer the questions below using the information from the texts.
1.Why was Qian called “the father of China’s aerospace”
2. How was Hawking’s own theory proved correct
Because much of the technology nehind the Shenzhou rockets can be traced back to Qian’s research.
Astronomers used their telescopes to prove his work on the big bang theory.
Study the language and structure
1. To find the structure and main idea of this essay.
2. To figure out the function of each paragraph.
3.Underline the linking words and phrases and describe their function.
4. To summarize the personalities of Qian Xuesen and find out the supportive examples given by the author.
The father of China’s aerospace
Overall Introduction (Para 1)
Personal experience and accomplishments (Para 2-5)
Other Interests /personalities(Para 6)
In time order
Qian’s death and people’s appreciation for him (Para 7)
Function of Paragraph 1: To bring the topic and give an overall introduction of Qian Xuesen
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen;
… as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man.
Personalities: patriotic; devoted
Function of Paragraph 2: To use examples to describe Qian’s learning experience and support his qualities
Born in …, Qian attended schools in … to study ;
However, after …, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised …
Personalities: patriotic, selfless
Linking words
Function of Paragraph 3: To use examples to describe Qian’s working experience and achievements in the US
Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology;
… Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in the 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory …
Personalities: hardworking, excellent
Linking words
Function of Paragraph 4: To illustrate Qian’s returning to China and use examples to show Qian’s qualities
After overcoming some difficulties ..., Qian returned ...;
Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge;
... his reply was a determined “Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things that ...”
Personalities: positive, fearless, determined, pioneering
Linking words
Function of Paragraph 5: To illustrate Qian’s achievement in aerospace with examples
Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles ...;
Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’s research ...
Personalities: accomplished, outstanding
Linking words
Function of Paragraph 6: To describe Qian’s interests in other fields
Qian … was extremely knowledgeable, especially in …;
However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as ...;
His deep appreciation for art often gave him …
Personalities: knowledgeable, creative, outstanding
Linking words
Function of Paragraph 7: To illustrate people’s reaction to Qian’s death
On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.
Personalities: great, honorable, respectable
Linking word
1. What makes a great scientist
2. How do you understand the “scientific spirit”
While-reading: Enjoy Reading
While-reading: Appreciate the Language
1. Pick out those beautiful sentences that attract you.
2. Analyze them through discussion with your group members.
THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man.
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。钱学森备受人们的尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他是一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且热爱祖国、勤勉努力、甘于奉献成就斐然。
Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
钱学森1911年生于杭州，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。
Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies. Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology. As a graduate assistant at the California institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in the 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA'S leading space-exploration centres.
1935年，钱学森前往美国读研究生。二十世纪三四十年代，钱学森成为美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱人物。二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作。二十世纪四十年代，钱学森与其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室，该实验室现已成为美国宇航局领先的太空探素中心之一.
After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US Qian returned to China in 1955. He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped.
No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major, and there were no talents or experts in this field in China. Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge. When asked "Can we Chinese possibly make missiles ” his reply was a determined "Why not We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.”
留学美国的最后几年，钱学森克服困难，于1955年回到中国。他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。那时候，中国还很贫穷，火箭科学尚不发达。中国没有一所学院或大学开设火箭科学专业，而且没有该领域的人才或专家。然而，钱学森并不气馁，而是接受挑战。有人问他:“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗 他的回答十分坚定:“有什么不能的，外国人能造出来的，我们中国人同样能造得出来。”
Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. In 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made satellite, Dong Fang Hong I, from a Long March rocket. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian's research, Qian earned the name of "the father of Chinas aerospace.”
在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。1970年，中国使用“长征”火箭成功发射本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。由于“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森被誉为“中国航天之父
Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier science research. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research.
钱学森博览群书，尤其在前沿科学研究领域知识极其渊博。然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。他深厚的艺术鉴赏力时常给科研工作带来灵感。
On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qians death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.
2009年10月31日，钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们以各种方式纪念他缅怀他。
A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT 一个纯思维的世界
Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics. Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair unable to move and using a computer to talk. Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles his world became one of abstract thought.
史蒂芬 霍金是物理学界最负盛名、最具天赋的科学家之一。大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑来说话的样子。他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界
Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk, as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. In general there were two main theories on the origin of the universe. The first was the steady state theory, which holds that the universe has no beginning or end. The other was the big bang theory, which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space.
The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge. During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures, Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths. Once the maths was corrected, it showed that the big bang theory—and not the steady state theory—was true. Hawking’s own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes. A star was born.
霍金最早成名于1964年，当时他身体健康，行动自如，是剑桥大学物理学研究生。总的来说，宇宙起源有两大理论:第一个是稳恒态理论，认为宇宙无始无终;另一个是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙始于时空中的一个点。稳恒态概念的最大拥护者是剑桥大学的弗雷德 霍伊尔教授。在霍伊尔的一次讲座中，霍金在问答环节站了起来，指出霍伊尔教授计算有误。错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳恒态理论是正确的。不久，天文学家用望远镜观察宇宙，验证了霍金对大爆炸理论的研究。一位明星就此诞生。
So, what made Stephen Hawking a genius Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did. He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. Furthermore, he was quite determined. This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.
那么，是什么使史蒂芬 霍金成为一名天オ呢 除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他意志坚定。无论是作为一位科学家，还是与病魔作斗争，这种品质对他都大有帮助，最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。这些性格特点的奇特组合使得他成为二十世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。
While-reading: Appreciate the Language
1. Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man.
佳句仿写：
① 她被新华社称为“最美护士”，在疫情爆发的时候她一心为民，不畏风险，怀着一腔爱国热情支援武汉重灾区，研究抗击疫情的措施。(the COVID-19)
Described by the Xinhua News Agency as “the most beautiful nurse”, she put other people at the first and fearlessly went to Wuhan, the area heavily stricken by the COVID-19, to study the countermeasures to fight against this crisis.
While-reading: Appreciate the Language
1. Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man.
佳句仿写：
② 今年的国家荣誉称号授予给了张伯礼，他的中西医结合方案在救治新冠肺炎患者中取得显著成效。(National Honorary Title)
Honored with the National Honorary Title, Zhang Boli’s integrated Chinese and western medicine treatment had made great progress in curing patients infected with the COVID-19.
While-reading: Appreciate the Language
2. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’s research, Qian earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”.
佳句仿写：
① 因为心疼大山里的孩子们，他每年都会到这里捐赠物资，这种善举从他爷爷那一代就开始了。也正是这样的行为，使他成为了孩子们心中“最帅的爸爸”。
Because of his deep love for the kids in the mountains, he comes here each year to make some donations. Such an action, which can be traced back to his grandfather’s generation, enables him to earn the name of “the Most Handsome Father” among these kids.
While-reading: Appreciate the Language
2. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’s research, Qian earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”.
佳句仿写：
② 这次试验成功的背后是成千上万员工的携手努力。
Behind the success of this experiment is the united efforts made by thousands of workers.
While-reading: Appreciate the Language
3. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.
佳句仿写：
令我们敬佩的是屠呦呦身上那种对科学研究全身心投入，永不言败的精神品质。
What impresses us most about Tu Youyou is her full devotion to scientific research and the spirit of never giving up.
Post-reading
Ⅲ
Post-reading: Discussion
(Group Work) Discuss about a scientist and their qualities.
Think about the following questions:
1. How many paragraphs will your passage include How about their functions
2. What kind of qualities does the scientist have, and which example will you use to support your idea
3. How to show the scientific spirit in your passage
Post-reading: Writing
Write a short paragraph describing a scientist and his (her) qualities.
Post-reading: Summary
All kinds of scientific discoveries often have one thing in common: diligence and creativity.
Language points
Ⅳ
1 have a greater / positive impact on
2 a man with scientific thought
3 an extremely well-respected man
4 switch one’s major
5 protect and defend the country
6 over the course of ...
7 conduct important research
8 overcome difficulties
极受尊敬的人
有科学思想的人
换专业
保卫国家
进行重要研究
克服困难
Language Points: Important phrases (P7 ~ P8)
对……有更大 / 积极的影响
在……的过程中
8 discourage sb from doing sth
9 take on the challenge
9 launch the first man-made satellite
10 trace back to
18 in the area of frontier science research
11 the most famous and gifted scientist
12 achieve fame
13 admit one’s faults
追溯到
最著名最有天赋的科学家
成名
承认错误
Language Points: Important phrases (P8 ~ P10)
发射第一颗人造卫星
接受挑战
阻止某人做某事
尖端科学研究领域
14 apart from
15 a mixture of …
16 have a vivid imagination
Language Points: Important phrases (P8 ~ P10)
除了
……的混合物
有丰富的想象力
1. Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. (Para 1, Line 1)
2. Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man. (Para 1, Line 3)
Language Points: Important sentences
3. He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. (Para 4, Line 3)
4. Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair, unable to move and using a computer to talk. (Para 1, Line 2)
5. Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did. (Para 3, Line 2)
Language Points: Important sentences
1. Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。 (Para 1, Line 1)
no other than 翻译为: __________________________________
The man over there is _______ our principal.
A. no other than B. no more than
C. no other but D. none other than
即学即用
Language Points: Important sentences
除……以外没有；正是；恰恰是
A
在习语 no other than 中，no 是否定形容词，other than 表示“与……不同”；两个否定构成一个肯定，表示“ 正是”“就是 ”。
2. Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man. 钱学森备受人们的尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书作者称他是一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且热爱祖国、甘于奉献、成就斐然。(Para 1, Line 3)
Language Points: Important sentences
Language Points: Important sentences
1. Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.
2. Kept in refrigerators, these vegetables will remain fresh.
3. Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.
4. He walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.
5. Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.
时间状语
条件状语
原因状语
伴随状语
让步状语
Compare and Find
Language Points: Important sentences
-ed 分词短语作状语可表示______________________________等意义。这种 -ed 分词短语相当于一个_______________________
_____________________，若 -ed 分词作状语，分词的主语通常是整个句子的主语，句子的主语与分词所表示的动作__________，即是该分词动作的承受者。
时间、地点、原因、条件、让步
条件、让步状语从句
让步、伴随
-ed 分词做状语
时间、地点、原因、
Language Points: Important sentences
1. ________ (give) more attention, the tree could have grown better.
2. The researcher is so designed that once ________ (begin) nothing can be done to change it.
3. __________________ (suffer) such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
即学即用
Given
begun
Having suffered
Language Points: Important sentences
3. He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。 (Para 4, Line 3)
Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.
Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.
not only … but also 连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词要根据 but also 后的名词决定单、复数(就近原则)。
Compare and Find
Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.
Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.
Language Points: Important sentences
他不仅有着头等聪明的脑子，而且工作很能吃苦。（倒装）
Not only does he have a first-class brain but also he is a tremendously hard worker.
not only … but also 连接句子时，not only 可以置于句首表示强调，这时第一分句要采用倒装结构。
not only but also
4. Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair, unable to move and using a computer to talk. 大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑来说话的样子。(Para 1, Line 2)
Language Points: Important sentences
I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.
= I stood by the door, and did not dare to say a word.
-ing 分词作伴随状语，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，它是主语的另一个较次要的动作。
Compare and Find
Language Points: Important sentences
4. Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair, unable to move and using a computer to talk.大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑来说话的样子。(Para 1, Line 2)
He was lying in bed, awake, listening to the music.
Inevitably you arrived at your destination almost exhausted.
形容词或形容词短语可以作状语，表示行为方式或伴随状况，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。
Compare and Find
Language Points: Important sentences
1. Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road．
2. Ripe, these apples are sweet.
3. Pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion.
原因状语
时间状语 / 条件状语
伴随状语
Compare and Summarize
Language Points: Important sentences
1. They have to work hard, _______ (face) with the threat of losing the job.
2. ________ (hope), we watched the house being destroyed before our eyes.
即学即用
faced
Hopeless
Language Points: Important sentences
1.他躺在床上，毫无睡意，静静听着音乐。
2.回答不出老师的问题，学生们都保持沉默。
3.又怕又冷，时光旅游者踏上了回到现在的旅程。
即学即用
He was lying in bed, awake, listening to the music quietly.
Unable to answer the teacher’s question, the students kept silent.
Scared and cold, the Time Traveller starts back towards the present.
Language Points: Important sentences
5. Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did. 除了才华横溢外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。(Para 3, Line 2)
If (it is) well read, the book will give you much to think.
当从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，若从句的谓语动词是系动词 be 或包含 be 的某种形式，此时从句的主语和 be 动词通常可以一同省略。
Observe and Summarize
Compare and Find
Language Points: Important sentences
1. Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.
2. While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.
3. While (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.
4. If (it is) well read, the book will give you much to think.
5. He stood up as if (he were) to say something.
6. She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.
连词+形容词
连词+名词
连词+现在分词
连词+过去分词
连词+不定式
连词+介词短语
Compare and Summarize
Language Points: Important sentences
1.除非情况对你来说不方便，否则你必须出席这次会议。
2.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
3.足球运动员在操场上打着滚，似乎他的腿伤得厉害。
即学即用
You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.
The football player is rolling on the ground as if (he is) hurt badly in the leg.
Work hard when (you are) young, or you’ll regret.