(共29张PPT)
Unit 4
Problems and advice
Oxford English
Grammar
观察总结
She feels embarrassed.
The braces hurt his teeth
My sister is driving me mad.
I smile.
主语
观察总结
She feels embarrassed.
The braces hurt his teeth
My sister is driving me mad.
I smile.
谓语
分类：英语的基本成分有七种
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___________________________________
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和___________________
主语(subject)、
谓语(predicate)、
表语(predicative)、
宾语(object)、
定语(attribute)、
状语(adverbial)
补语(complement)
句子成分
定义：
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分，由词或词组充当.
主要成分
次要成分
句子
成分
主语:句子说的是什么人或什么事
谓语:说明主语做什么
宾语:动作的承受者
定语:用来修饰名词或代词
状语:时间、地点、原因等
补足语:补充主语或宾语意义
●Jane is good at playing the piano.
●She went out in a hurry.
●Four plus four is eight.
●To see is to believe.
●Smoking is bad for health.
●The young should respect the old.
●What he has said is true.
（名词）
（代词）
（数词）
（不定式）
（动名词）
（名词化的形容词）
（句子）
主语（Subject）句子说明的人或事物
找出句中主语
（名词）
（代词）
（数词）
（动名词）
（不定式）
（句子）
(名词化的形容词）
（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
Practice
1.The sun rises in the east.
2.Twenty years is a short time in history.
3.The poor are now living in the shelter.
4.Seeing is believing.
5.To see is to believe.
6.He likes dancing.
7.What he needs is a book.
8.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:由动词V或动词词组组成
●I saw him playing basketball in the playground.
●He looked after two babies.
复合谓语:1.由情态动词或助动词+动词;
●He can speak English well.
●She doesn’t seem to like dancing
2.由系动词加表语构成。●We are students.
（名词 ）
( 代词）
(数词)
(名词化的形容词)
宾语(Object) 接受谓语动词动作的人或物
（不定式）
（动名词）
（句子）
●Show your passport, please.
●She didn't say anything.
●How many do you want - I want two.
●They sent the injured to hospital.
●They asked to see my passport.
●I enjoy working with you.
●Did you write down what he said
Practice
找出下列句中的宾语
1. My brother hasn’t done his homework.
2. People all over the world speak English.
3. How many new words did you learn last class
4. Some of the students in the school want
to go swimming, how about you
5. The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
宾语分为直接宾语Direct object和间接宾语Indirect object.
直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.
●He gave me some books.
↓
间接
宾语
↓
直接
宾语
间接宾语是收到东西的人或物。
2.谓语(V) 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
直接宾语是被收到的东西。
●=He gave some books to me.
Things to remrember：
当间接宾语在直接宾语后面是，要用上to或for
Practice
找出句中直接宾语和间接宾语
1.Please pass me the book.
2.Please pass the book to me.
3.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
4.He bought some flowers for his girlfriend.
5.The braces have brought me so much trouble.
6.The braces have brought so much trouble to me.
宾语补足语（Object Complement）
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
●I found the book interesting.
●I saw him playing football .
●I find it easy to learn English well .
形容词
名词
介词短语
过去分词
现在分词
省略掉to的不定式
不定式
Practice
找出句中的宾语补足语
从句
I consider Jim a good friend.( )
I always find her happy.( )
People praised him as a hero.( )
I had the TV fixed.( )
I saw him entering the building.( )
What made you think so ( )
Do you want me to go ( )
We will soon make our city what your city is now.
( )
定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
●He is a clever boy.
●This is a bike factory.
●There are 54students in our class.
●Do you known betty’s sister
●He bought some sleeping pills.
●There is a sleeping baby in bed.
●His spoken language is good.
(形容词)
(名词)
(数词)
(名词的所有格)
(动名词)
(现在分词)
(过去分词)
Practice
1.Two boys need two pens.
2.His name is Tom.
3.The boy in blue is Tom.
4.The boy there needs a pen.
5.The boy needs a ball pen.
6.There is nothing to do today.
7.The pen bought by her is made in China.
找出句中的定语
状语Adverbial修饰动词形容词副词及全句的句子成分
●I will be back in a while.
●They are playing on the playground.
●He was late because he got up late.
●He got up so late that I missed the train.
●I waited to see you.
●He often went to school by bus.
●His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
●Please call me if it is necessary.
●This book is very interesting.
(时间)
(地点)
(原因)
(结果)
(目的)
(方式)
(伴随状况)
(条件)
(程度)
找出句中主语
找出句中主语
Practice
找出句中的状语
1.The boy is painting in the classroom.
2.Before his mother, Tom is always a boy.
3.On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.
4.Having to finish his homework, Mike needs a pen.
5.He sits there, asking for a pen.
6.Frightened, he sits there soundlessly.
7.She loves the library because she loves books
8.The boy needs a pen very much.
表语在系动词后的部分就是表语（系表结构即谓语）
●The war was over.
●They seem to know the truth.
●Time is precious.
●I’m not quite myself today.
●That remains a puzzle.
●I don’t feel at ease.
系动词主要有be动词，持续性动词如keep，表像系动词
如seem，感官系动词 feel，变化系动词 become等。
Practice
找出句中的表语
1.The old man was feeling very tired.
2.The leaves have turned yellow.
3.Soon they all became interested in the subject.
4.The patient is out of danger.
5.Her job is selling computers.
1.I smile.
2.The braces hurt my teeth.
3.The braces have brought me so much trouble.
4.The braces have brought so much trouble to me.
基本句型 一:Ｓ+Ｖ(主＋谓)
基本句型 二:Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ(主＋谓＋宾)
基本句型三:Ｓ+Ｖ+ｏ+Ｏ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)
Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+ to/for+ｏ(主＋谓＋直宾+for/to＋间宾)
基本句型
5.I feel embarrassed.
6.She is driving me mad.
7.I saw a sick lady two days ago.
8.I am studying at home.
基本句型四:Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ(主＋系＋表)
基本句型五:Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
基本句型六:Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+A (主＋谓＋宾＋状)
基本句型七:Ｓ+Ｖ+A (主＋谓＋状)
visits his best friends every weekend
Alex showed Tom some
new books in his flat
made them worried
Grammar exercise
Alex and Tom went out for an hour
returned later that afternoon
felt very bad
句子成分 意义 充当词类 例句
主语 表示句子说的是什么人或什么 事 名，代，数，不定 式，动名词，短语或 句子 We study in HuangQiao Middle
School.
谓语 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎 么样 动词或动词词组 She is dancing under the tree.
宾语 表示动作行为的对象 同主语 Both of us like English.
表语 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓 语，说明主语的性质或特征 同主语 Her father is a chemist.
His words sound reasonable.
定语 用来修饰名词或代词 形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子 We have eight lessons every day.
状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词，表 示动作发生的时间，地点，原 因，目的，方式，结果等 副词，介词短语或句 子 He works very hard.
They held a party in Hollywood.
宾语 补足语 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 形容词，名词，介词 短语等 She always keeps the house
clean.
主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！ 句子成分详解表
Summary
基本句型
基本类型 例句
主语S+谓语动词V Everyone laughed.
主语S+谓语动词V+宾语O Dad bought a new car.
主语S+谓语动词V+间接宾语IO+直接宾语DO(DO+for/to+IO) She gave me a book.=She gave a book to me.
主语S+谓语(连系动词)+表语 I am a student.
主语S+谓语动词V+宾语O+补足语C He told me to stay here.
主语S+谓语动词V+宾语O+状语A They are doing their homework in the room.
主语S+谓语动词V+状语A We are having a meeting in the hall.
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
主语
状语
宾语
谓语动词
状语
定语
Quiz
指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
谓语
状语
定语
表语
宾语
谓语
主语Unit4 Problems and advice
Grammar句子成分
一、定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分，由词或词组充当。
二、分类：根据英语词汇在句子中的地位和作用，英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、补足语、状语等。
三、句子成分具体解析
句子成分 意义 充当词类 例句
主语 表示句子说的是什么人或什么事 名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子 We study in HuangQiao Middle School.
谓语 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样 动词或动词词组 She is dancing under the tree.
宾语 表示动作行为的对象 同主语 Both of us like English.
表语 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征 同主语 Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.
定语 用来修饰名词或代词 形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子 We have eight lessons every day.
状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等 副词，介词短语或句子 He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.
宾语补足语 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 形容词，名词，介词短语等 She always keeps the house clean.
主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！
四、基本句型
基本类型 例句
主语S+谓语动词V Everyone laughed.
主语S+谓语动词V+宾语O Dad bought a new car.
主语S+谓语动词V+间接宾语IO+直接宾语DO(DO+for/to+IO) She gave me a book.=She gave a book to me.
主语S+谓语(连系动词)+表语 I am a student.
主语S+谓语动词V+宾语O+补足语C He told me to stay here.
主语S+谓语动词V+宾语O+状语A They are doing their homework in the room.
主语S+谓语动词V+状语A We are having a meeting in the hall.
同步练习
一、找出下列句子的主语和谓语。
1.I am a student.
主语： 谓语：
He likes playing football.
主语： 谓语：
What you said made me happy.
主语： 谓语：
Two will be enough.
主语： 谓语：
The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
主语： 谓语：
To see is to believe.
主语： 谓语：
He can speak English.
主语： 谓语：
It is wrong to tell a lie.
主语： 谓语：
To do today's home ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )work without the teacher's help is very difficult.
主语： 谓语：
10.His wish is to become a scientist.
主语： 谓语：
挑出下列句子的宾语和宾语补足语。
They painted their boat white.
宾语： 宾语补足语：
He gave me a book yesterday.
宾语： 宾语补足语：
She found it difficult to do the work.
宾语： 宾语补足语：
She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
宾语： 宾语补足语：
Everyone calls him Jack.
宾语： 宾语补足语：
6.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.
宾语： 宾语补足语：
7.Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
宾语： 宾语补足语：
8.Please tell us a story.21世纪教育网版权所有
宾语： 宾语补足语：
9.We saw her entering the room.21教育网
宾语： 宾语补足语：
Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now
宾语： 宾语补足语：
写出下列句子划线部分的成分具体名称。
After he finished his homework, he went to school. （ ）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（ ）
The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.（ ）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（ ）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（ ）21·cn·jy·com
With the medicine ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.（ ）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（ ）www.21-cn-jy.com
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（ ）
My brother is two years older than me.（ ）
She works very hard though she is old.（ ）
根据所学句型判断下列句子句型。
1.He smiles.（ ）
2.His face turned red.（ ）
3.What he said does not matter.（ ）2·1·c·n·j·y
4.Who knows the answer （ ）
5.He bought some flowers for his girlfriend.（ ）
6. I told him that the bus was late. （ ）
7.The teacher ask the students to close the windows.（ ）
8.We study English everyday.（ ）【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
9.He showed me how to run the machine.（ ）
10.We are running in the playground.（ ）
参考答案
一、
1.主语：I 谓语： am
2.主语：He 谓语：likes
3.主语：What you said 谓语： made
4.主语：Two 谓语：will be
5. 主语：The teacher 谓语： is walking
6.主语：To see 谓语： is
7. 主语：He 谓语：can speak
8.主语：tell a lie 谓语：is
9. 主语：To do today's home ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )work 谓语： is
10.主语：His wish 谓语：is
二、
1.宾语：their boat 宾语补足语：white
2.宾语：me 宾语补足语： a book
3.宾语：it形式宾语 to do the work（不定式短语作真正的宾语）
宾语补足语：difficult（宾语补足语）
4.宾语：the children 宾语补足语： to read newspapers and books
5.宾语：him 宾语补足语：Jack
6.宾语：him 宾语补足语： to lend his money(直接宾语) to you（间接宾语）
7.宾语：to teach 宾语补足语： us（间接宾语） history(直接宾语)
8.宾语：us 宾语补足语： a story.21cnjy.com
9.宾语： her 宾语补足语： entering the room.
10.宾语：Li Ming 宾语补足语： playing football
三、
时间状语
原因状语
目的状语
条件状语
结果状语
伴随状语
方式状语
地点状语
9.比较状语
10.让步状语
四、
1.主语+谓语
2.主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语
3.主语+谓语
4.主语+谓语+宾语
5.主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接接宾语
6.主语+谓语+宾语从句
7.主语+谓语+宾语+补足语
8.主语+谓语+宾语+状语
9.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
10.主语+谓语+状语
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