UNIT 4 课时作业(三)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The teacher’s reassuring words (使平静) the nervous students before the exam.
2.The plane (撞击) into the mountainside,causing a huge explosion.
3.I always keep a first aid (成套设备) in my car in case of emergencies.
4.The clock (击打) twelve,announcing the arrival of midnight.
5.She (轻敲) on the window to get her friend’s attention.
6.The boy (吹口哨) a cheerful tune as he walked down the street.
7.The volunteers (帮助) the homeless people by providing food and shelter.
8.The (海浪) crashed against the shore,creating a beautiful scene.
9.They used a long (管子) to reach the apples on the top branches of the tree.
10.The strong wind (扫过) the leaves across the yard.
【答案】 1.calmed 2.crashed 3.kit 4.struck 5.tapped 6.whistled 7.aided 8.waves
9.pipe 10.swept
Ⅱ.句子语法填空 (共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.At the railway station,the mother waved goodbye her daughter until the train was out of sight.
2.The speech (deliver) by the expert yesterday impressed everyone present.
3.The local companies supply food the people in need.
4.Parents worry about the effect of music their kids’ behaviour.
5.Finally we swept all the doubts,which had had a side effect on us.
6.Since it was freezing cold,many birds had difficulty (survive) the winter.
7.We sleep out under the stars,and eat our meals the open air.
8.Sometimes a small act of kindness can be (power) enough to make a big difference.
9.New discoveries at the Sanxingdui Ruin Site can aid people more knowledge of Chinese culture.
10.He was tired of the (long) of time he had to wait.
【答案】 1.to 2.delivered 3.to 4.on 5.away 6.surviving 7.in 8.powerful 9.with 10.length
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1. (学生们正在讨论) when the teacher walked into the classroom.
2.There are several doctors (现有) to deal with any emergencies.
3. (正在筹备聚会) by the volunteers at the moment.
4.The temperature in the city (达到) 35 degrees Celsius today.
5.The new project (预计完成) by the end of this year.
【答案】 1.The students were having a discussion 2.on hand 3.The party is being prepared 4.stands at 5.is expected to be completed
Ⅳ.阅读理解 (共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Elephants on the coast of Thailand are acting strangely.They stamp their feet and signal (示意) towards the hills.The sea draws back from the beaches.Fish flop (扑腾) on the seabed.Suddenly,a huge wave appears.This is no ordinary wave.It is a tsunami!
Tsunami waves are larger and faster than normal surface waves.A tsunami wave can travel as fast as a jet plane and can be as tall as a ten-storey building.Imagine dropping a stone into a pool and the water on the surface ripples (起细浪).A tsunami is like a very powerful ripple.Tsunamis begin when the ocean rises or falls very suddenly.Lots of seawater is displaced.This movement causes huge waves.
If a tsunami happens,there must be some kind of force that causes the ocean water to become displaced.Most tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes.However,volcanoes,landslides,and large icebergs can also cause one of these huge waves.
Tsunamis are extremely powerful.Ordinary waves lose power when they break.Tsunami waves can remain powerful for several days.Because tsunami waves are so strong,they can kill people,damage buildings,and completely ruin an ecosystem in just one hour.
Scientists have no way of telling people in advance when a tsunami will hit.However,if a powerful enough earthquake happens,scientists can send out a warning or a watch.A warning means that a tsunami will very likely hit soon.A watch means that conditions are suitable for a tsunami.When people receive a watch or a warning,they have more time to prepare.It is best not to get caught unaware (没意识到) when a tsunami is on the way!
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了海啸产生的原因及其带来的危害。
( )1.What is the first paragraph mainly about
[A]Causes of tsunamis.
[B]Signs of tsunamis.
[C]The force of tsunamis.
[D]The effect of tsunamis.
【答案】 B
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知,第一段描述了一些奇怪的迹象,例如大象跺着脚向山上张望,海水从海滩退去,鱼在海床上扑腾,然后,海啸发生了,这些奇怪的迹象都是海啸发生的征兆,由此可知,第一段主要讲的是海啸的征兆。故选B。
( )2.What does the underlined word “displaced” in Paragraph 2 mean
[A]Moved. [B]Polluted.
[C]Stored. [D]Lost.
【答案】 A
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词上句“Tsunamis begin when the ocean rises or falls very suddenly.”和下句“This movement causes huge waves.”可知,海水突然涨落引发了巨浪,这就是海啸,由此可知,画线部分指的是当海水突然涨落时,大量海水移位,所以才会引发巨浪,Moved意为“移动”,能够表达画线词在句中所要表达的意思。故选A。
( )3.What can we learn from the last paragraph
[A]A warning is more serious than a watch.
[B]A warning is sent out after an earthquake.
[C]A watch means a tsunami may not happen.
[D]A warning means a tsunami will surely happen.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一、第二句可知,科学家们无法提前告诉人们海啸何时发生,但如果发生了足够强烈的地震,科学家就可以发出海啸预警,由此可知,海啸预警是在地震后发出的。故选B。
( )4.What is the purpose of the text
[A]To tell a story.
[B]To provide facts.
[C]To give advice.
[D]To compare opinions.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文并结合第二段的“Tsunamis begin when the ocean rises or falls very suddenly.”和第四段的“Tsunamis are extremely powerful.”可知,本文主要介绍了海啸产生的原因及其带来的危害,这是对客观事实的叙述,作用是向人们普及知识,由此可知,文章的写作目的是提供事实。故选B。Listening and Talking — Video Time
写作词汇
1.calm adj.镇静的;沉着的
vt.使平静;使镇静
2.aid n.援助;帮助;救援物资
vi.& vt.(formal)帮助;援助
3.crash vt.& vi.碰撞;撞击
n.撞车;碰撞
4.sweep vt.& vi.(swept,swept)打扫;清扫
5.wave n.海浪;波浪
vi.& vt.挥手;招手
6.strike vi.& vt.(struck,struck/stricken)
侵袭;突击;击打
n.罢工;罢课;袭击
阅读词汇
1.tap vi.& vt.轻叩;轻敲;轻拍
n.水龙头;轻叩;轻敲
2.pipe n.管子;管道
3.whistle vi.吹口哨;发出笛声
vt.吹口哨
n.哨子(声);呼啸声
4.kit n.成套工具;成套设备
拓展词汇
1.power n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力→powerful adj.强有力的;有权势的;有影响力的→powerless adj.无力的;无能为力的
2.emergency n.突发事件;紧急情况→emergent adj.突发的;紧急的;新兴的;处于发展初期的
3.deliver vt.& vi.递送;传达 vt.发表→delivery n.投递;交付;递送;分娩
4.effect n.影响;结果;效果→effective adj.有效的;有影响的→effectively adv.有效地
5.length n.长;长度→lengthen vt.使延长;加长 vi.延长;变长→long adj.长的
6.summary n.总结;概括;概要→summarise vt.总结;概括
重点词块
1.stay away from 远离
2.make sure 确保
3.on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
4.in danger 处于危险中
5.sweep away 消灭;彻底消除
6.out of gratitude 出于感谢
7.stand at 达到(特定数量)
重点句型
1.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.(be doing...when...正在做……,这时……)
当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭,海水开始灌入屋内。
2....the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few days.(be expected to do sth)
……预计在未来几天,死亡人数还将增加。
3.However,dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.(v.+it+adj.+to do sth)
然而,由于条件险恶和道路受损,食物运送和物资补给将变得(非常)困难。
4.Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami-hit countries.(现在进行时的被动语态)
目前正在为这些受灾国家组织国外援助。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与自然——自然灾害。
2.语篇类型:新闻报道。
3.课文内容分析:
本文是一则海啸袭击亚洲的新闻报道。新闻发布于海啸发生的第二天,体现了时效性。播报中提到了后续伤亡人数可能会增加,以及救援工作的困难,突出了灾难的严重性。文本还交代了海啸发生的时间、地点、范围、原因、受灾情况等,有利于学生了解新闻报道应包含的基本要素和语言特点,能够为重大新闻事件的专题报道编写摘要,能够培养学生提炼关键信息以及概括、归纳要点的高阶思维能力。
多维解读·浅析结构
【答案】 1.powerful 2.coastlines 3.swept away 4.were affected 5.in Thailand
精研细读·深层理解
( )1.Where the number of people who were killed in the tsunami was the largest
[A]In Indonesia.
[B]In Sri Lanka.
[C]In India.
[D]In Thailand.
( )2.Why would it be difficult to deliver food and supplies to the tsunami-hit countries
[A]There were no enough trucks.
[B]It was still raining heavily.
[C]The people in these areas were not willing to accept these food and supplies.
[D]The roads to these areas were damaged.
( )3.Where can this passage most probably be seen
[A]A monthly magazine.
[B]A daily newspaper.
[C]A travel brochure.
[D]An entertainment website.
【答案】 1.B 2.D 3.B
1.power n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力 vt.驱动;推动
·powerful adj.强有力的;有权势的;有影响力的
·powerless adj.无力的;无能为力的
[教材原句] Go to an open space away from buildings,trees,or power lines.
去一个开阔的地方,远离建筑物、树木或电线。
例 (读后续写之场景描写)Because of a power failure,they had to feel their way in the darkness.
由于停电,他们不得不在黑暗中摸索着走。
例 (读后续写之心理描写)She knew she had to do everything in her power to save the injured bird.
她知道她必须尽全力去拯救那只受伤的鸟。
have the power to do sth具有做某事的能力 do everything in one’s power to do sth某人尽全力做某事 come to/into power开始掌权/执政 beyond/out of one’s power力所不能及的
[语境运用] 写出下列句子中power的含义/完成句子
He used all his power to lift the heavy box.
The power of the engine determines the speed of the car.
The power of music to soothe the soul is well known.
The machine is powered by electricity.
His words powered her to keep going.
(应用文写作之建议信)To begin with,make sure you keep awake.Besides,
(尽全力) to save yourself actively when waiting for rescue.
(读后续写之主旨升华)It is individuals who (有能力改变) in the world through small actions.
【答案】 力量;能力;体力 动力;功率 影响力;感染力 给……提供动力 使……有力量;激励 do everything in your power
have the power to make a difference
2.calm adj.镇静的;沉着的 vt.使平静;使镇静
·calmness n.冷静;平静
·calmly adv.冷静地
[教材原句] Stay calm.保持镇静。
例 George was trying to be calm,but I could tell this was hard for him.
乔治试着冷静下来,但我看得出来,这对他来说很难。
例 (读后续写之动作描写)Though rather anxious,he breathed deeply to calm himself down.
他虽然相当焦虑,但他却深呼吸以使自己平静下来。
·calm down平静下来 calm sb down使某人平静下来 ·stay/remain/keep calm保持镇静
[词语辨析]
calm 既可指天气、海洋等的平静状态,又可指人的镇定。
quiet 指没有喧闹、活动或骚乱的安静状态。
silent 指沉默不语。
still 指平静而又安定的状态,一动不动。
[语境运用] 选词填空(calm/quiet/silent/still)/完成句子
When facing danger,one should keep ;when taken photos,one should keep ;when someone else is asleep,one should keep ;when in class,one shouldn’t keep about the teacher’s questions.
(应用文写作之建议信)If you are lost in the mountains, (保持镇静) in the face of darkness and loneliness.
When he gets upset,he will take a few deep breaths to (使自己平静下来).
【答案】 calm;still;quiet;silent stay/remain/keep calm calm himself down
3.aid n.援助;帮助;救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助;援助
例 (应用文写作之新闻报道)People from other parts of the country aided them with plenty of supplies.
来自全国其他地区的人们用充足的物资救助他们。
例 (应用文写作之感谢信)With the aid of my English teacher,I have made great progress in reading and writing this term.
在英语老师的帮助下,我这个学期在读写方面取得了很大进步。
·give/do/offer first aid to sb对某人进行急救 with the aid of sb(=with sb’s aid)在某人的帮助下 come to one’s aid过来帮助某人 ·aid sb with sth用某物帮助某人;帮助某人某事 aid sb in (doing) sth帮助某人(做)某事 aid sb to do sth帮助某人做某事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
the aid of a good map,we can easily find the direction.
He is very kind and often aids classmates cleaning the classroom.
They had the power to aid him his design.
(应用文写作之求助信)如果你能帮助我学习英语,我将不胜感激。
→I would be very grateful if you .
→I would be very grateful if you .
→I would be very grateful if you .
【答案】 With in with/in could aid me with my English study;could aid me (in) studying English;could aid me to study English
4.strike vi.& vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭;突击;击打;打动,迷住 n.罢工;罢课;袭击
[教材原句] The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m.,Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island.
周日早上7:00左右,印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近的海域发生海底地震。
例 (读后续写之动作链描写)The boy fell down,struck his head on the edge of the table and began to cry.
男孩摔了一跤,头撞在桌沿上,哭了起来。
例 (应用文写作之邀请信)Struck by your talent for music,I can hardly wait to invite you to the music festival.
我对你的音乐天赋印象深刻,我迫不及待地想邀请你参加音乐节。
例 Mountain Tai has struck its beauty into my heart;as a result,it strikes me that I will visit it again.
泰山的美让我刻骨铭心,所以我想我会再次游览泰山。
·be struck by...被……所侵袭;被……打动 sth strikes sb某人想到/意识到某事 strike into one’s heart 深深地打动某人的心灵 It strikes/hits/occurs to sb that...某人突然想起…… strike+钟点 (钟)敲响报时 strike sb+介词+the+身体部位 击打某人某处 ·be/go on strike罢工
[语境运用] 写出下列句子中strike的含义/一句多译
A big earthquake struck the city last year,destroying many buildings.
The children should not run into the road because they may be struck by a car.
It struck me that I forgot to take my keys when I arrived at my office.
He struck a match and lighted a candle.
I got up early this morning before the clock struck five.
The visitors were struck by the beauty of the city.
He fell,striking his head on the floor.
(读后续写之心理描写)被他为我做的事情感动,我没能控制住自己,感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。
→ ,I couldn’t contain myself,tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.(状语从句)
→ ,I couldn’t contain myself,tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.(过去分词短语作状语)
【答案】 突然袭击;侵袭 撞击 (使)突然想起
擦(火柴) (时钟)报时 打动,迷住 碰撞 Because/As/Since I was struck by what he had done for me;Struck by what he had done for me
5.deliver vt.& vi.递送;传达 vt.发表
·delivery n.投递;交付;递送;分娩
[教材原句] However,dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.
然而,由于条件险恶和道路受损,食物运送和物资补给将变得(非常)困难。
例 (应用文写作之感谢信)It was very considerate of you to deliver milk to our door every morning.
你考虑得非常周到,每天早上把牛奶送到我们家门口。
例 (应用文写作之演讲稿)Being a champion in the Olympic event,I feel extremely honored to deliver a speech here.
作为这个奥运项目的冠军,能在这里演讲,我感到万分荣幸。
归纳拓展 deliver sth to sb把某物递送/运送给某人 deliver a speech发表演讲 deliver a baby接生
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The woman usually had her water (deliver) to her house.
The lecture the professor (deliver) just now is impressive and inspiring.
Customers are expected to pay for goods on (deliver).
这位女医生因为接生了很多孩子而出名。
The woman doctor is known for .
【答案】 delivered delivered delivery delivering many babies
6.effect n.影响;结果;效果
·effective adj.有效的;有影响的
·effectively adv.有效地
例 (应用文写作之介绍信)During his lifetime,Li Bai wrote a great number of excellent poems,all of which have a great effect on Chinese culture.
李白一生创作了大量优秀的诗歌,对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。
例 (应用文写作之建议信)Hopefully,my recommendations will soon be put into effect to settle these problems.
为解决这些问题,希望我的建议不久会付诸实施。
例 (应用文写作之建议信)In order to find more effective ways to protect the environment,we call on the government to put the law into effect.
为了找到更有效的方法来保护环境,我们呼吁政府实施这项法律。
have a/an...effect on对……产生……影响 come into effect开始实施;生效 take effect生效 bring/put sth into effect使生效;实行 in effect实际上;事实上
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The team worked (effect) to complete the project on time.
The government is determined to bring the new welfare system effect as soon as possible.
(应用文写作之倡议书)There is no doubt that (读书会对我们的发展产生好的影响).
(应用文写作之倡议书)I call on our school to (采取有效措施) to build a low-carbon campus.
【答案】 effectively into reading books will have a good effect on our development take effective measures
be doing...when...正在做……,这时……
[教材原句] I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭,海水开始灌入屋内。
例 (读后续写之动作描写)He was walking cautiously along the road when his feet slipped and he fell over.
他正小心翼翼沿着路走着,突然他脚下一滑摔倒在地。
例 (读后续写之情感描写)They were on the point of putting up the tent in the open air when a loud whistle frightened them.
他们正要在户外搭起帐篷,这时一声响亮的口哨声把他们吓坏了。
·句中when为并列连词,表示“这时;正在那个时候”,相当于and then和at that moment。 ·when用作并列连词的常见句型: be about to do sth when...正要做某事,这时…… be on the point of doing sth when...正要做某事,这时…… had just done sth when...刚刚做完某事,这时……
[语境运用] 完成句子/一句多译
(读后续写之动作描写) (她正沿着河岸走) when she heard a cry for help.
These survivors (刚刚从被毁的房子里逃出来) when it fell down.
汤姆正要关窗户,这时一只小鸟吸引了他的注意。
→Tom his attention was caught by a bird.
→Tom his attention was caught by a bird.
【答案】 She was walking along the bank of the river had just escaped from the destroyed house was about to close the window when;was on the point of closing the window when
写作微专题5 Write a summary
1.文体类型:概要写作,属于说明文或议论文范畴,常用于概括归纳原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节。语言具有准确性、完整性、概括性、客观性、个体性等特点。在进行概要写作时,所用语句要用词准确、结构合理、语意连贯、不得抄写原文。
2.要点内容:
(1)亚洲发生了海啸;
(2)海啸造成的人员伤亡及救援情况。
[思路指引]
1.概要写作中常见的逻辑词。
(1)并列关系:and、and also、or、“neither...nor...”、“either...or...”、“not only...but also...”、likewise、similarly、equally、in the same way、that is to say、as well as、“the same...as...”。
(2)递进关系:also、then、besides、additionally/in addition、furthermore/moreover、what is more。
(3)因果关系:because、for、since、as、due to、thanks to、on account of、because of、considering that、seeing that、thus、hence、therefore、so、consequently、as a result、for this reason。
(4)转折关系:but、however、yet、though、on the contrary、by contrast、instead、unfortunately。
(5)顺序关系:first/second/last of all、in the first place/in the second place/finally、to begin with/ to continue、“first...then...”、“on the one hand...on the other hand...”、“for one thing...for another...”、“one...another...”、“some...others...”。
(6)条件关系:if、only if、unless、as long as、suppose that/supposing that。
(7)举例关系:such as、for example、for instance、of (these、those、them)、among (these、those、them)、to illustrate、as an illustration、to take an example、namely。
(8)归纳总结:on the whole、in short、in a word、in conclusion、in summary、to sum up。
2.概要写作中常见的写作句式。
The topic...(主题) is becoming increasingly popular recently.There are two sides of opinions about it.
In recent days,we have to face this problem...,which is becoming increasingly serious.
As a matter of fact,there are some other reasons to explain...
Human activities,such as...can partly lead to...
In their views,there are two factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place,...(原因一).Furthermore(In the second place),...(原因二).
Faced with...,we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.
在进行概要写作时,需要注意以下几点:
①词数要限制在 60词左右,上下限不得超过10个单词。
②要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。
③人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致,但必要时也可变换成第三人称。
④写作时尽可能地使用复合句,必要时可转换词性,不得照抄原文。
阅读下面的短文,根据其内容写一篇60个词左右的内容概要。
Plan for Domino Effects on Sustainability Goals
Climate change is causing ever-more-extreme events,from storms and droughts to floods and violent windstorms,and these risks interact across many environmental and social systems.A heatwave can spark forest fires,which lead to air pollution.Drought-wrecked harvests can result in food-price unpredictability.
Yet these domino effects are barely considered in most countries’ strategies for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030.Many countries that are working hard to reach these goals insufficiently consider the impact of extreme weather.Take Germany as an example.Its 2018 strategy on sustainable development runs to 60 pages yet the word “disaster” appears only once.There is no analysis of the consequences of an increase in such events.
Although many people are now aware that climate change is making fires,floods,
heatwaves and storms more frequent,more severe or both,this knowledge isn’t changing policy or research enough.Part of the problem is perception.Future disasters feel unreal to decision-makers,as we’ve experienced with so many governments’ lack of pandemic preparedness,despite years of warning that some viruses may spread fast.Other obstacles are inadequate national and international governance,and communication challenges.The research community has not yet provided effective guidance.As a consequence,many efforts to achieve the SDGs will,like a house of cards,fall at the first shaking.Our global efforts need to be much more vigorous to the changing and interconnected nature of risk in a warming world.
What now Researchers must create models that are more understandable and useful to policymakers.When possible,SD targets and indicators should be redesigned to capture weakness to heatwaves,fires,droughts,floods,hurricanes,mudslides and more.And politicians need to be convinced to invest in precautionary measures and adaptation.
1.确定文体及文章主旨大意。
文体:说明文。
主旨大意:本文介绍了气候变化导致更加极端的天气,但是很多国家没有意识到气候变化的严重性。各国应采取更多更加强有力的措施来应对,诸如创造更好理解的模式、重设可持续发展目标等。
2.明确各段主旨。
3.概述各段要点。
One possible version:
Despite the negative domino effects resulting from climate change,strategies for achieving sustainability goals seldom consider these disasters’ impacts.(要点1) Actually,this is due to false perception,lack of effective governance and communication failures.(要点2) Therefore,more effective and efficient measures are required.(要点3) In short,they should include the creation of useful models understandable to policymakers,the redesign of sustainability goals and indicators and politicians’ devotion to investing in precautions.(要
点4)
阅读下面的短文,根据其内容写一篇60个词左右的概要。
As most people know,in the past few years,sandstorms have swept across many countries,polluting the air and disturbing daily lives of human beings.Saharan sandstorms have increased about 10 times during the half-century since the 1950s,causing topsoil loss in nearby countries.In Mauritania,there were just two sandstorms a year in the early 1960s,but there are 80 a year today.
In desert areas,sandstorms are most commonly caused either by thunderstorm outflows,or by strong pressure gradients which cause an increase in wind speed over a wide area.In some cases,dust and sand may set a limit to a shallow depth by a low-lying temperature change.In other cases,dust may be blown as high as 6,100 metres.Drought is another cause of sandstorms.Poor farming practices make dust and sand free of protection from the wind.
Dryland farming is one of the most serious practices.A sandstorm can transport and carry large amounts of sand.Desert is the key source of sandstorms.
Sandstorms have also been shown to increase the spread of diseases across the globe.
Virus in the dust is blown into the atmosphere by the sandstorms.Some diseases may not be urgent at the very beginning,but they can develop into deadly ones if left untreated.For example,a breathing problem can lead to lung cancer,while dry eyes lead to blindness.
Sandstorms cause soil loss from the dry lands,doing harm to agriculture.Sandstorms also reduce visibility,affecting aeroplanes and road transportation.In addition,sandstorms also discourage visitors from visiting these places,thus striking tourism.
So what should we do with the frightening sandstorms Some experts put forward practical suggestions as follows.For one thing,more funds ought to be put into tree planting and forest protection so as to keep more water resources within the surface of the earth.For another,governments of all countries should make laws on environmental protection.For example,banning the use of throwaway chopsticks and punishing illegal tree cutting.Scientists should also study and find ways to cut down the degree of its destruction and to improve the whole environment.
1.确定文体及文章主旨大意。
文体:说明文。
主旨大意:文章介绍了沙尘暴的成因和危害以及如何应对沙尘暴。
2.明确各段主旨。
3.概述各段要点。
4.提炼语言,完善概要。
One possible version:
Worries arise with global increasing sandstorms.(要点1) There are many causes of sandstorms,such as thunderstorm outflows,strong pressure gradients,drought,poor farming practices and deserts.(要点2) Besides affecting aeroplanes,transportation and tourism,sandstorms do harm to human beings by spreading diseases,and agriculture by causing soil loss.(要点3) Scientists should play an important role in fighting against sandstorms.Reforestation is necessary and laws on environmental protection should be made.(要点4)
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之“点” 情感描写 shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊 in shock 震惊;吃惊 calm adj.镇静的;沉着的 vt.使平静;使镇静
动作描写 slide vi.& vt.(使)滑行;滑动 flood vi.淹没;大量涌入 vt.使灌满水;淹没 rescue vt.营救;救援 trap vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套 tap vi.& vt.轻叩;轻敲;轻拍 aid vi.& vt.帮助;援助 crash vt.& vi.碰撞;撞击 sweep vt.& vi.打扫;清扫 wave vi.& vt.挥手;招手 suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 survive vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过 breathe vi.& vt.呼吸
读后续写 微技能之“线” Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat,and dogs refused to go inside buildings.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide,and fish jumped out of the water.(场景描写) Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves,but no wind could blow them away.(明喻) People were in shock—and then,later that afternoon,another big quake shook Tangshan again.(情感描写) The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday,killing...(动作描写) Slowly,the city began to breathe again.(拟人) I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.(场景描写)
读后续写 微技能之“面” 读后续写——车祸现场 突然,汽车伴随着震耳欲聋的声响撞上了树。约翰惊呆了,心脏狂跳不已。然而,玛丽却保持镇定,迅速从车里滑了出来。她轻敲车窗,查看车内是否有人被困。很快,附近的许多救援人员赶到了现场。他们救助伤者,清理现场的杂物。约翰仍心有余悸,看着玛丽向他挥手。他们紧紧相拥,对在这场突如其来的事故后能安然无恙地活着心怀感激。 Suddenly,the car 1. with a deafening noise.John 2. ,his heart pounding wildly.Mary,however,3. .She 4. to check if anyone was trapped inside the car.Very soon,many rescuers from nearby 5. .They 6. on the scene.John,still suffering from the fright,watched as Mary 7. .They hugged each other tightly,grateful to be alive and unharmed after this unexpected accident. 【答案】 1.crashed into the tree 2.was in shock 3.stayed calm and quickly slid out of the car 4.tapped on the window 5.flooded the scene 6.aided the injured and swept away the mess 7.waved to him
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.death n.死;死亡→die vi.死;死亡→dying adj.垂死的;临终的→dead adj.无生命的;死亡的→deadly adj.致命的
2.shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.震惊的;惊讶的
3.breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n.呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
4.revive vt.& vi.复活;(使)苏醒→revival n.振兴;复苏
5.wisdom n.智慧;才智→wise adj.明智的→wisely adv.聪明地;明智地→unwise adj.不明
智的
6.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n.折磨;苦难→sufferer n.受苦者;受难者
7.erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n.爆发
8.survive vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过→survival n.幸存;残存物→survivor n.幸存者;生
还者
9.electricity n.电;电能→electric adj.电动的→electrical adj.电的;用电的
10.power n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力→powerful adj.强有力的;有权势的;有影响力的→powerless adj.无力的;无能为力的
11.emergency n.突发事件;紧急情况→emergent adj.突发的;紧急的;新兴的;处于发展初
期的
12.deliver vt.& vi.递送;传达 vt.发表→delivery n.投递;交付;递送;分娩
13.effect n.影响;结果;效果→effective adj.有效的;有影响的→effectively adv.有效地
14.length n.长;长度→lengthen vt.使延长;加长 vi.延长;变长→long adj.长的
15.summary n.总结;概括;概要→summarise vt.总结;概括
Ⅱ.重点词块
1.as usual 像往常一样
2.as if 似乎;好像;仿佛
3.come to an end 结束;走向末日
4.in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪
5.in shock 震惊;吃惊
6.dig out 挖掘;找出
7.suffer from 遭受
8.in times of 在……的时候
9.get back up on one’s feet 重新站起来;重新振作
10.stay away from 远离
11.on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
12.sweep away 消灭;彻底消除
13.out of gratitude 出于感谢
14.stand at 达到(特定数量)
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.too...to...太……而不能……
Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat (焦躁不安,不愿进食),and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
句式仿写
(读后续写之神态描写)The boys were still standing there,too scared to move (吓得不能
动弹).
2.It seemed as if...好像……
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end (世界末日即将来临)!
句式仿写
He stood up and offered her his seat,as if he had read her mind (好像他读懂了她的心思).
3.everywhere引导地点状语从句
Everywhere survivors looked (幸存者目及之处),there was nothing but ruins.
句式仿写
Everywhere we looked (我们目光所及之处),there were beautiful flowers in bloom.
4.主语+be+adj.+to do
Water,food,and electricity were hard to get(很难得到).
句式仿写
(应用文写作之建议信)If you follow the above suggestions,your situation is not difficult to change (不难改变).
5.whose引导定语从句
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed (他们的家园已经被毁).
句式仿写
The man whose car was stolen (车被偷的人) reported it to the police immediately.
6.be doing...when...正在做……,这时……
I was having breakfast with my three children (当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭) when water started filling my home.
句式仿写
(读后续写之场景描写)They were having a meeting(他们正在开会) when someone burst into the room.
7.现在进行时的被动语态
Foreign aid is being organised (正在被组织) for the tsunami-hit countries.
句式仿写
A new shopping mall is being constructed(一座新的购物中心正在建造) in the city center,
and it is expected to attract a large number of customers when it opens.[头脑风暴·思维发散]
A terrifying landslide struck the small mountain village.The earth slid down the hillside,destroying houses and burying farmland.As the landslide continued,some people were trapped under the ruins,struggling to breathe.Rescue teams worked tirelessly to evacuate the survivors and search for those who might still be alive.The disaster greatly affected the entire community.Sadly,there were several deaths reported.
一场可怕的山体滑坡袭击了这个小山村。泥土从山坡上滑落,摧毁了房屋,掩埋了农田。随着山体滑坡的持续,一些人被困在废墟之下,挣扎着呼吸。救援队伍不知疲倦地工作,疏散幸存者并搜寻那些可能仍存活的人。这场灾难极大地影响了整个社区。令人悲痛的是,据报道有多人死亡。
Listening and Speaking — Discovering Useful Structures
写作词汇
1.disaster n.灾难;灾害
2.drought n.旱灾;久旱
3.slide vi.& vt.(slid,slid)(使)滑行;滑动
4.flood n.洪水;大量
vi.淹没;大量涌入
vt.使灌满水;淹没
5.rescue n.& vt.营救;救援
6.damage vt.损害;破坏
n.损坏;损失
7.destroy vt.摧毁;毁灭
8.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
9.shelter n.避难处;居所;庇护
vt.保护;掩蔽
vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
10.ruin n.& vt.破坏;毁坏
11.percent n.百分之……
adj.& adv.每一百中
12.trap vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套
n.险境;陷阱
13.effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
14.supply n.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品
vt.供应;供给
阅读词汇
1.tornado n.(pl.-oes or -os)
龙卷风;旋风
2.landslide n.(also landfall)
(山地或悬崖的)崩塌;滑坡
3.tsunami n.海啸
4.magnitude n.震级;重大
5.evacuate vt.疏散;撤出
vi.撤离
6.helicopter n.直升机
7.crack n.裂纹;裂缝
vi.& vt.(使)破裂
8.gas n.气体;燃气;汽油
9.brick n.砖;砖块
10.metal n.金属
11.unify vi.& vt.统一;(使)成一体
12.context n.上下文;语境;背景
13.volcano n.(pl.-oes or -os)火山
14.typhoon n.台风
15.hurricane n.(尤指西大西洋的)飓风
拓展词汇
1.death n.死;死亡→die vi.死;死亡→dying adj.垂死的;临终的→dead adj.无生命的;死亡的→deadly adj.致命的
2.shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.震惊的;惊讶的
3.breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n.呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
4.revive vt.& vi.复活;(使)苏醒→revival n.振兴;复苏
5.wisdom n.智慧;才智→wise adj.明智的→wisely adv.聪明地;明智地→unwise adj.不明
智的
6.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n.折磨;苦难→sufferer
n.受苦者;受难者
7.erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n.爆发
8.survive vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过→survival n.幸存;残存物→survivor n.幸存者;生
还者
9.electricity n.电;电能→electric adj.电动的→electrical adj.电的;用电的
重点词块
1.set up 建立
2.as usual 像往常一样
3.as if 似乎;好像;仿佛
4.come to an end 结束;走向末日
5.in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪
6.instead of 而不是;代替
7.in shock 震惊;吃惊
8.dig out 挖掘;找出
9.suffer from 遭受
10.in the open air 露天;在户外
11.in times of 在……的时候
12.get back up on one’s feet 重新站起来;重新振作
重点句型
1.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat,and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
(too...to...太……而不能……)
鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安,不愿进食;狗拒绝进入屋内。
2.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! (It seemed as if... 好像……)
仿佛世界末日即将来临!
3.Everywhere survivors looked,there was nothing but ruins.(everywhere 引导地点状语从句)
幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟。
4.Water,food,and electricity were hard to get.(主语+be+adj.+to do)
没有水和食物,电也停了。
5.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.(whose 引导定语
从句)
工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与自然——自然灾害。
2.语篇类型:报告文学。
3.课文内容分析:
文章主要介绍了唐山大地震的相关情况,包括地震前的征兆、地震中的破坏、地震造成的损失、震后救援及重建等。通过阅读描述重大灾害的纪实性报告文学语篇,学生能掌握该类语篇的语言特征和叙事要点,能够分析阅读语篇的文本结构;能够树立防灾意识和自我保护意识,具备积极应对灾害的意识和态度。
多维解读·浅析结构
【答案】 1.too nervous to eat 2.to hide 3.were heard 4.cut across 5.in ruins 6.provide medical care
精研细读·深层理解
( )1.In what order did the writer write the text
[A]In order of place.
[B]In order of time.
[C]In order of importance.
[D]In order of position.
( )2.What are the second and third paragraphs mainly about
[A]The great loss the earthquake caused to Tangshan.
[B]The number of people killed or injured.
[C]When and where the earthquake happened.
[D]The cause of the big earthquake in Tangshan.
( )3.What does the last sentence “Slowly,the city began to breathe again.” in the last but one paragraph mean
[A]People who were trapped came to life.
[B]The trees turned green.
[C]The animals began to breathe.
[D]The city returned to normal gradually.
( )4.What can we learn from this passage
[A]No pain,no gain.
[B]The sooner,the better.
[C]Many hands make light work.
[D]Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
【答案】 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C
二次开发·深研课文
Many strange things had happened before Tangshan earthquake happened.The well walls had deep cracks.Some 1. (smell) gas came out of wells.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat.At 3:42 a.m. 2. 28 July 1976,everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world 3. (come) to an end.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In less than one minute,the whole city lay in 4. (ruin).Two thirds of the people died or were injured.Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.People 5. (shock) at this and wondered how long the disaster would last.
But hope was not lost.The army organised teams to dig out those 6. were trapped and to bury the dead.Workers built shelters for survivors.Fresh water and food 7. (take) to the city.Slowly,the city began 8. (breathe) again.With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people,9. new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.It has proved that in times of disaster,people must unify and show the 10. (wise) to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
【答案】 1.smelly 2.on 3.were coming 4.ruins 5.were shocked 6.who 7.were taken 8.to breathe 9.a 10.wisdom
1.rescue n.& vt.营救;救援
·rescuer n.救助者;救援人员
[教材原句] What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area
救援人员和士兵在遭受洪灾的地区做什么
例 With the help of a ladder,neighbours were able to rescue the trapped woman from the big fire.
邻居们借助一把梯子把受困的女士从大火中救出来了。
例 (读后续写之动作描写) When the hiker got lost in the mountains,his friends came to his rescue.
当徒步旅行者在山中迷路时,他的朋友们来救他了。
·rescue sb/sth from ... 从……中营救某人/某物 ·come/go to one’s rescue=rescue sb援救某人
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
They rescued the survivors the ruins after the earthquake.
When I lost my wallet,my classmate came to (me) rescue and lent me some money.
老人救了他,并把他送回了家。
→The old man and sent him home.(rescue vt.)
→The old man and sent him home.(rescue n.)
【答案】 from my rescued him;came/went to his rescue
A fire broke out in that building yesterday and the Smiths were caught in the fire.The rescue team immediately came to their rescue and rescued all the family from the big fire.
昨天那栋楼里发生了火灾,史密斯一家被困在了火中。救援队立即赶来援救,把这一家人全都从大火中救了出来。
2.damage vt.损害;破坏 n.损坏;损失
[教材原句] Which buildings were damaged in Seoul
首尔哪些建筑物被损坏了
例 (应用文写作之新闻报道)It is reported that the flood caused great damage to the city.
据报道,这次洪水给这座城市造成了重大损失。
例 (应用文写作之建议信) Don’t damage your health for a good figure.
不要为了好身材而损害你的健康。
例 The flood caused severe damage to the crops,making the farmers very worried.
洪水对庄稼造成了严重损害,让农民们十分担忧。
·cause/do damage to对……造成损害 pay for the damage to... 赔偿……的损失 ·damage one’s health损害某人的健康
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
After the accident,the driver immediately offered to pay for the damage the other vehicle.
(应用文写作之建议信) 众所周知,花太多时间看屏幕会伤害我们的眼睛。
→As we all know,spending too much time on the screen . (do/cause damage to)
→It’s well known that spending too much time on the screen . (damage sth)
→What is known to us all is that spending too much time on the screen . (harmful)
【答案】 to will do/cause damage to our eyes;will damage our eyes;is harmful to our eyes
3.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
·affection n.喜爱;感情;影响
例 (读后续写之情感描写) We were deeply affected by the little boy’s experience,so we decided to help him.
小男孩的经历深深打动了我们,因此我们决定帮助他。
例 (应用文写作之新闻报道) Large amounts of donations have been flooding into the affected areas.
大量捐款源源不断地涌入受灾地区。
例 He was unfortunately affected with a bad cold and had to stay in bed for a few days.
他不幸感染了重感冒,不得不卧床休息几天。
·be (deeply) affected by 受……的影响;被……深深打动 be affected with感染……疾病 ·have an affection for sth 对某事有喜爱之情 with affection带着爱意 show affection for sb对某人表达爱意
[语境运用] 写出下列句子中affect的含义/完成句子
The climate change will affect the growth of plants.
The virus affected his lungs.
The movie affected her deeply and she couldn’t help crying.
(读后续写之情感描写) The audience (被这个感人的故事深深打动) with tears welling up in their eyes.
(应用文写作之慰问信) Learning that you have returned to Ireland (因你感染了重病),I am terribly sorry about it.
【答案】 影响 (疾病)侵袭,使感染 使感动,打动 were deeply affected by this moving story because you were affected with a serious illness
4.ruin n.& vt.破坏;毁坏
·ruined adj.毁坏的;严重受损的
[教材原句] In less than one minute,a large city lay in ruins.
在不到一分钟的时间里,一座大城市沦为废墟。
例 (读后续写之主旨升华) You can’t change the past,but you can ruin the present by worrying about the future.
你改变不了过去,但如果你忧虑未来,你将会毁了现在。
例 (读后续写之动作描写) With his plan ruined by accident,he let out a cry of anger.
由于他的计划意外地被破坏,他愤怒地叫了一声。
·lie/be in ruins成为废墟;严重受损;破败不堪 fall into ruin灭亡;毁坏;败落 bring...to ruin 使……毁灭;使……没落 ·ruin one’s future/health/fame毁掉某人的前程/健康/名誉 ruin oneself 自取灭亡
[词语辨析]
damage 不一定全部毁坏,常常是局部的或可以修好的。通常接物。
destroy 彻底地破坏,常含不能或很难修复的意思。可接人,也可以接物。
ruin 一般指对物体或生命彻底地破坏,但不是以某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏,而是在一定过程中逐渐毁掉。多用于借喻中,指毁坏价值、用途等。
The palace was destroyed completely rather than slightly damaged,which can’t be repaired,leaving only ruins.
那座宫殿不是轻微受损,而是被完全毁了,以致它无法修复,只剩下废墟。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/熟词生义/完成句子
If you continue to be so proud and lazy,you will ruin (you).
If we don’t protect the ancient temple,it will soon fall ruin.
Sadly,his bad behavior brought his reputation ruin.
The bad habits have ruined him into a lazy man.
(应用文写作之建议信) I hope you realize that your bad habits are slowly (毁掉你自己).It’s time to stop and change.
【答案】 yourself into to 使沦为(不好的状态);使堕落 ruining yourself
5.shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊
·shocked adj.震惊的;惊讶的
·shocking adj.令人震惊的
[教材原句] People were in shock—and then,later that afternoon,another big quake shook Tangshan again.
人们惊恐万状,然而临近傍晚时分,又一次强烈的地震撼动唐山。
例 (读后续写之神态描写) I looked at him in shock,waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.
我震惊地望着他,等着他告诉我,这一切都是我的误解。
例 To our shock,he had become seriously ill.
令我们震惊的是,他已经病得很严重。
例 On returning to the town,they were shocked to find their house in ruins.
当他们回到镇上时,他们震惊地发现他们的房子成了废墟。
·be a shock to sb使……吃惊 in shock 震惊;吃惊 to one’s shock 令某人震惊的是 ·be shocked at/by sth 对……吃惊 be shocked to do sth 做某事很吃惊 be shocked that 对……感到吃惊
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
I was shocked (hear) that he had resigned.
our shock,a famous landmark building caught fire last night.
The scene left everyone .(shock)
(应用文写作之祝贺信) You ranked number one in the contest,which (对于我们所有人来说都不令人惊讶).
(读后续写之情感描写) (精疲力竭又震惊万分),he stared blankly at the destroyed landscape in front of him.
【答案】 to hear To shocking;shocked was not a shock to all of us Exhausted and shocked
6.bury vt.埋葬;安葬
[教材原句] Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldier to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
地震发生后不久,部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山,将受困群众从废墟中挖出,并掩埋死者。
例 (读后续写之动作描写) She held her mother closely,burying her head against her mother’s shoulder.
她紧紧地抱住她的妈妈,把头靠在她妈妈的肩上。
例 (应用文写作之人物介绍) He buries himself in the medicine research,which he believes will save many people’s lives.
他潜心于医学研究,他相信这将挽救许多人的生命。
·bury one’s face/head in one’s hands 双手掩面/捂头 bury oneself in (doing) sth=be buried in (doing) sth 埋头于/专心于(做)某事 ·be buried in thought 陷入沉思
表示“专注于某事”的短语还有:be absorbed in,be devoted to,be lost in,focus on,concentrate on,pay attention to等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
She buried her face her hands and wept.
After his wife left,he buried (he) in his work.
由于专心读书,他不知道外面下雨了。
→ ,
he didn’t know it was raining outside.(现在分词短语作状语)
→ ,
he didn’t know it was raining outside.(过去分词短语作状语)
→ ,he didn’t know it was raining outside.(状语从句)
【答案】 in himself Burying himself in his books;Buried in his books;Because he buried himself in his books
7.effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
[教材原句] With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people,a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力,一个新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。
例 (应用文写作之倡议书)We should make an effort to protect the environment and make our planet more beautiful.
我们应该努力保护环境,让我们的星球更美丽。
例 She put all her effort into preparing for the exam and finally achieved excellent results.
她把所有精力都投入到备考中,最终取得了优异的成绩。
put one’s effort into doing sth 把某人的精力投入到做某事中 make an effort/efforts to do sth 努力/尽力做某事 spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力地做某事 with/without (an) effort 费力地/毫不费力地
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
effort she managed to stop herself laughing.
Let’s start right now and spare no effort (do) a little bit everyday.
(应用文写作之建议信) As a senior high school student,you must (努力提高你的沟通) and problem solving skills.
(读后续写之主旨升华)As we all know, (不努力则一事无成).
【答案】 With to do make efforts to improve your communication without effort nothing can be achieved
8.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
·suffering n.折磨;苦难
·sufferer n.受苦者;受难者
[教材原句]What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need
你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助
例 (读后续写之主旨升华) There are always some ups and downs in our lives,but it is the sufferings that make us stronger.
生活中总有一些起起伏伏,但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。
例 (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.
20年前,当他遭受严重的背痛折磨时,他开始对替代疗法产生了兴趣。
suffer from 患……病;因……而受苦;遭受 suffer losses/pain遭受损失/痛苦
①suffer后的名词多指抽象的损害、痛苦等。如pain、loss、defeat、poverty、hunger、punishment、hardship、damage等。
②suffer from常跟具体的不幸或痛苦的名词,表示遭受战争、自然灾害、疾病带来的痛苦。如suffer from hunger/flood/fever/cold/disease(遭受饥饿/洪水/发烧/感冒/疾病)。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
That war caused widespread human (suffer).
She received many letters of support from fellow (suffer).
(应用文写作之建议信) I am sorry to hear that you are (遭受失眠) all night,I’m writing to you to give you some suggestions.
(读后续写之情感描写) To our great shock,he got badly injured,
(遭受极大的痛苦和不适).
【答案】 suffering sufferers suffering from sleeplessness suffering great pain and discomfort
9.survive vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过
·survivor n.幸存者;生还者
·survival n.幸存;残存物
[教材原句]It’s looking for the people who survived the earthquake.
它正在寻找在地震中幸存下来的人。
例 (读后续写之主旨升华)Life isn’t about how to survive storms,but how to dance in the rain.
生活不在于如何挺过暴风雨,而在于如何在雨中舞蹈。
例 (应用文写作之推荐信)The ancient building survived from the Tang Dynasty.
这栋古建筑从唐朝留存至今。
survive sth 幸免于;从……中挺过来/活过来 survive from... 从……存活下来 survive on... 依靠……生存下来 A survive B by... A比B活得长……
①survive作及物动词时,后面直接接宾语,表示“幸免于难;挺过;艰难度过”,其后不需要加介词in 或from。
②survive from中的survive是不及物动词,from表示来源,survive from表示“从……存活下来;从……留存下来”,通常指事物、习俗、传统等从过去的某个时期留存到现在。
[语境运用] 写出下列句子中survive的含义/完成句子
The traveller trapped in the lonely island survived on the fish caught in the sea.
He was very lucky that he survived the cold winter.
The old lady has survived her elder brother by ten years.
After the flood destroyed their homes and fields,the family
(靠着政府送来的物资生存).
【答案】 生存;存活 艰难度过 比……活得长
survived on the supplies sent by the government
After the plane crash,only a few survivors managed to survive in the harsh wilderness.Their survival skills and strong willpower were crucial in that difficult situation.
飞机失事后,只有少数幸存者在恶劣的荒野中成功存活下来。他们的生存技能和坚强的意志力在那种艰难的处境中至关重要。
as if/though引导的从句
[教材原句] It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
仿佛世界末日即将来临!
例 (读后续写之心理描写) He was so anxious that he felt as if he were on pins and needles.
他如此焦虑,以至于他感觉如坐针毡。(与现在事实相反)
例 Look at the dark clouds in the sky! It looks as if it is going to rain.
看看天上的乌云!看起来要下雨了。(陈述语气)
例 He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。(与过去事实相反)
·as if/though意为“似乎;好像;仿佛”,引导表语从句时,常放在be,look,seem,sound,smell,feel等系动词之后。as if/though还可以引导状语从句。 ·如果as if/though引导的从句表示真实的或极有可能发生的情况,从句用陈述语气。当从句表示一种假设的情况时,从句谓语动词通常用虚拟语气,结构如下: 与现在事实相反,从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be 动词用were);与过去事实相反,从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done);与将来事实相反,从句谓语动词用would/could/ might/should do。 ·如果as if引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构,可省略主语和系动词,这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)或动词-ing形式。
[语境运用] 完成句子/句型转换
(读后续写之神态描写)She looked at me (仿佛我是一个陌生人),her eyes filled with confusion and suspicion.
(读后续写之场景描写)It is dark in the woods.It seems (似乎有吓人的野兽) behind every cluster of bushes.
(读后续写之动作描写) Tears swirling in his eyes,David raised his head,looked at me
(好像要说什么),but lowered his head once again.
He stood there motionless,as if he were turned into stone by the shock of what he had just witnessed.
→He stood there motionless,as if by the shock of what he had just witnessed.(省略句)
He walked slowly,as if he were carrying the weight of the world on his shoulders.
→He walked slowly,as if of the world on his shoulders.(省略句)
【答案】 as if I were a stranger as if there were frightening wild animals as if to say something turned into stone carrying the weight
语法微专题4 定语从句(一)
There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
观察以上句子,加粗部分的共同特点是什么
一、定语从句的概念和位置
1.概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句起形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词常有三个作用:
①连接主句和定语从句。
②指代先行词。
③在定语从句中充当成分。
2.位置:通常放在被修饰词(即先行词)之后。
如:在复合句“Mary is a girl who has long hair.”中,“who has long hair”为定语从句,修饰a girl,a girl即为先行词,who为关系词,起连接作用,同时在从句中充当主语。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持
一致。
1.关系代词who、whom、that。
①who的用法:
who指人,在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语,作宾语时可省略。
There is a girl who wants to see you.
有个女孩儿想见你。(who作主语)
That is the man (who) I met in Beijing last year.
他就是我去年在北京碰见的那个人。(who作宾语,可省略)
②whom的用法:
whom指人,在从句中作宾语,可省略,此时也可用who代替。
He was a personal friend (who/whom) I’ve known for many years.
他是一位我认识多年的私人朋友。(who/whom在定语从句中作known的宾语)
The old man (who/whom) you saw yesterday is a thinker.
你昨天见到的那位老人是一位思想家。(who/whom在定语从句中作saw的宾语)
③that的用法:
that代替指人或指物的先行词,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可省略。
This is the house (that) we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
This is the thief (that) we have been looking for these days.
这就是我们近日来一直在找的小偷。
关系代词只能用who,不能用that的情况。
①先行词是指人的代词时,如one,ones,anyone,those等。
One who has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.
一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。
②先行词为人称代词时,关系代词应用who。
He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
不到长城非好汉。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
Do you know the girl is talking with our maths teacher
The woman I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.
【答案】 who/that who/that/whom或不填
2.关系代词whose。
whose既可指人也可指物,表所属关系。在定语从句中修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它可以转化为“the+名词+of which/whom”和“of which/whom+the+名词”的形式。
I want to read the book whose cover is blue,and please pass it to me.
=I want to read the book of which the cover is blue,and please pass it to me.
=I want to read the book the cover of which is blue,and please pass it to me.
我想看那本封面是蓝色的书,劳驾您递一下给我。
This is the person whose story surprises everybody.
=This is the person of whom the story/the story of whom surprises everybody.
就是这个人的故事让所有人感到吃惊。
[语境运用]翻译句子
很多学生参加了那个主题为“秋日校园”的摄影比赛。
那个女孩非常有礼貌,她的妈妈是一名医生。
【答案】 Many students took part in the photography competition whose theme is “Autumn Campus”. The girl whose mother is a doctor is very polite.
3.关系代词which。
which所代替的先行词是表示事、物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
Yesterday,I read an article which was about natural disasters.
昨天,我读了一篇关于自然灾害的文章。(which在从句中作主语)
The pen (which) he bought yesterday is the same as mine.
他昨天买的那支钢笔和我的一样。(which在从句中作宾语)
(1)关系代词只能用which,不能用that的情况。
①引导非限制性定语从句时。
Football,which is a very interesting game,is played in many countries.
足球是一项很有趣的运动,很多国家的人都踢足球。
②介词后只能用which,不能用that。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.(which不可以省略)
我们依靠土地获得食物。
(2)关系代词只能用that,不能用which的情况。
①当先行词为anything、nothing、something、all、much、few、any、little等不定代词或先行词被all、much、few等词修饰时。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是油的供给。
②先行词被the only、the very等修饰时。
This is the very scarf that my mother has been looking for.
这就是我妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。
③先行词被序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most beautiful park that I have ever visited.
这是我参观过的最美丽的公园。
④先行词既有人又有物时。
Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain
你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事吗
⑤当关系代词在从句中作表语时。
China is no longer the country (that) it used to be.(在主句中,the country作表语)
中国已不再是过去的那个中国了。
⑥当关系代词出现在以who或which开头的疑问句中时,为避免重复,关系代词用that。
Who is the boy that is talking to Tina in English
那个用英语和蒂娜说话的男孩是谁
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
The house in I used to live became ruins in the big fire.
The traveller saw many buildings along the way, were quite different from those in his hometown.
The flood destroyed all the books were put on the first floor.
She described in her composition the people and places impressed her most.
【答案】 which which that that
1.(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, became a national monument in 1978,took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【答案】 which
【解析】 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,指物,应用which,故填which。
2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu,
is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”,add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon,William Shakespeare’s hometown.
【答案】 who
【解析】 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为“Tang Xianzu”,指人,在从句中担当主语,应用关系代词who。故填who。
3.(2024·浙江1月卷) Of course,shops are not charities — they price goods in the way will make them the most money.
【答案】 which/that
【解析】 考查定语从句。在定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词为way,所以应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.The earthquake hit the city in 1906 was one of the biggest earthquakes in the world.
2.Nobody knows the number of people lost their homes in the disaster.
3.Tom used to be a brave boy his teachers always praised.
[变式训练] Tom used to be a brave boy teachers always praised him.
4.He said he would do anything could help his father recover from the disease.
[变式训练] He said he would do could help his father recover from the disease.
5.Jack is the boy father is a famous scientist.
6.All we need is enough rest after long hours’ work.
7.Anyone has helped to save the drowning boy is worth praising.
8.I don’t know the persons and the things you are talking about.
9.His father bought a new bike for him price was more than 1,000 yuan.
10.The boy and the dog are described in the movie are very lovely.
【答案】 1.that/which 2.who/that 3.that/whom/who [变式训练] whose
4.that e [变式训练]whatever 5.whose 6.that 7.who 8.that 9.whose 10.that
Ⅱ.将下列句子升级为含定语从句的复合句
1.We are going to interview the writer.His new novel has been well received by the public.
→We are going to interview the writer .
2.The washing machine is out of order.Mrs Green bought the washing machine a month ago.
→The washing machine is out of order.
3.The police are looking for the little girl.The little girl got lost yesterday.
→The police are looking for the little girl .
4.The girl is making a speech under the national flag.The girl is our monitor.
→The girl is our monitor.
5.They visited Peter yesterday.Peter’s leg was injured in a car accident.
→They visited Peter yesterday .
【答案】 1.whose new novel/the new novel of whom/of whom the new novel has been well received by the public
2.(that/which) Mrs Green bought a month ago
3.that/who got lost yesterday
4.who/that is making a speech under the national flag
5.whose leg/the leg of whom/of whom the leg was injured in a car accident
Ⅲ.语篇填空
A Girl Who Is Good at Drawing
Mary,1. drawings were shown at the exhibition last month,is a model student 2. is often praised for her good works at school.As soon as we got into the exhibition hall,our attention was attracted by a very large picture 3. was hung on the wall in front of us.
The horse 4. is in the drawing is exactly like a real one.The man 5. is riding on it looks lifelike.
It is the best drawing 6. I have ever seen,and I should say Mary is the best young painter 7. I have ever heard of.However,you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary was born a good painter.One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she became the best young painter 8. is well-known in her hometown.But if you say that she is so good at drawing by working hard,I will certainly agree with you.
【答案】 1.whose 2.that/who 3.that/which 4.that/which 5.that/who 6.that
7.that/who/whom 8.that/whoUNIT 4 课时作业(四)
单元知识综合练
(分值:51.5分)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共9题;每题1分,共9分)
1.The company’s profits have been sliding for the past few months.
2.Applications flooded in after the job was advertised.
3.The scandal has seriously damaged the company’s reputation.
4.Her novels vary in length.
5.The new manager breathed fresh life into the company.
6.The doctor delivered a healthy baby.
7.The power of the media to the public is very great.
8.The computer crashed and I lost all my work.
9.A wave of excitement swept through the crowd as the star appeared on stage.
【答案】 1.下降,下滑 2.大量涌入 3.损害 4.(书或文件等的)篇幅 5.注入,带来
6.接生 7.影响力 8.(机器等)出故障,崩溃 9.(情绪、活动等的)高潮
Ⅱ.七选五 (共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
If you’re driving a car during a wildfire,do your best to stay calm.You can increase your chances of survival by taking as many safety tips as possible and remaining as calm as you can.
Check social media and the news for any information about where the fire is and where it’s heading. 1. If you know or can see the direction the fire is moving in,try to drive away from it as best as you can.
Drive slowly and turn on your headlights and hazard lights (危险警示灯).2. By doing so firefighters around might see your car and help you.
3. Accidents are a major risk in poor driving conditions.People and animals might be frightened and running on the road.If you’re worried that people or animals are nearby but you can’t see them,use your horn (喇叭).
Cover your nose and mouth with a cloth and close all the windows to protect yourself from the smoky air while you drive.
Keep the radio on while driving.Keep listening to the radio for information about where the fire is heading. Check online and social media for updates on the fire if you have another person in your car.Is it growing in a new direction 4. This is valuable information that might cause you to change the course and could save your life.
Pull over if you see flames getting closer.If your way becomes blocked (阻挡) or you can see the fire moving towards you,pull the car over to a safe area.5.
A.Is there anyone injured
B.Have the winds changed at all
C.Keep a close watch on accidents.
D.Keep an eye out for people or animals.
E.Look for a parking lot to park your car in.
F.Make your car easily seen in the smoky conditions.
G.Drive in the opposite direction from smoke or flames.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章讲述了开车时遭遇野火应该怎么做。
1.【答案】 G
【解析】 空后句说明要朝着远离烟或者火的方向行驶,G项符合语境。故选G。
2.【答案】 F
【解析】 空后句是说让消防员能看到你的车,F项符合语境。故选F。
3.【答案】 D
【解析】 下文是说明在灾难中,人或者动物可能会惊慌失措,在路上乱跑,所以你开车的时候应该要格外注意人或者动物,D项符合语境。故选D。
4.【答案】 B
【解析】 空后句说明改变逃生方向可能会挽救你的性命,你应该根据火势的方向和风的方向来改变自己逃走的方向,B项符合语境。故选B。
5.【答案】 E
【解析】 空前句说明你应该在一个安全的地方停车,比如停车场,E项符合语境。故选E。
Ⅲ.完形填空 (共15题;每题1分,共15分)
On July 28,2022,Nathan Day’s morning was nothing special.He was helping his son get ready for work when he received a 1 from a neighbor asking him to save her grandchildren from the floodwaters.
Day,a former coal miner in Hindman,Knott County,said he didn’t 2 what was happening in the neighborhood until he went outside.A lot of people screamed and begged for anyone to 3 .He knew his community suffered from unprecedented (前所未有的) flooding.
Since they didn’t have a 4 ,Day and his wife,Krystal,waded (蹚水) through the floodwaters to rescue the five children and two mothers who were 5 on the roof of their home.
Once Day rescued the children and women,he 6 that two of his former high school teachers,Ella Prater and Irma Gayheart,lived nearby and began 7 their safety.
“I just kept pacing back and forth because I saw the water 8 and I knew my two former teachers were probably trapped in their houses,” Day said.“It was 9 .”
10 ,with the help of his neighbors,Day rescued the two women and reconnected them to their worried 11 ,who were waiting for any updates about their whereabouts (去向).
“These are two of the most 12 women you’ll meet in your life,and when they show you 13 they show you true love.They truly care about everyone who’s around them and that 14 in my mind,” Day said when asked the reason why he 15 his life to rescue his teachers.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Nathan Day英勇营救被困洪水中的人们,包括自己的两位高中老师的事迹。
( )1.[A]gift [B]promise
[C]message [D]word
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据前文“He was helping his son get ready for work when he received a...”可知,这里是说他收到了一个东西,结合后文“from a neighbor asking him to save her grandchildren from the floodwaters”可知,是邻居让他去救孩子,因此,他应该是收到了邻居的一条消息,message符合语境,故选C。
( )2.[A]forget [B]realize
[C]control [D]explore
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据句意可知,Day说直到他出门,他才意识到街区里发生了什么,realize意为“意识到”,符合语境,故选B。
( )3.[A]return [B]quit
[C]escape [D]help
【答案】 D
【解析】 前文提到很多人在尖叫和乞求,结合当时的洪水情况,应该是乞求有人来帮忙,help符合语境,故选D。
( )4.[A]ticket [B]boat
[C]bike [D]car
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据后文“Day and his wife,Krystal,waded (蹚水) through the floodwaters...”可知,他们是蹚水去救人的,说明他们没有船,故选B。
( )5.[A]trapped [B]crashed
[C]attracted [D]saved
【答案】 A
【解析】 这里是说五个孩子和两位母亲被困在了自家屋顶上,trapped意为“被困住”,符合语境,故选A。
( )6.[A]warned [B]advised
[C]remembered [D]reminded
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据句意可知,Day救出孩子和妇女后,他想起了他以前的两位高中老师住在附近,然后开始担心她们的安全,remembered意为“记得,想起”,符合语境,故选C。
( )7.[A]worrying about
[B]shouting at
[C]communicating with
[D]working out
【答案】 A
【解析】 结合前文他想起老师住在附近以及当时的洪水情况,应该是开始担心她们的安全,worrying about符合语境,故选A。
( )8.[A]falling [B]heating
[C]rising [D]boiling
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据前文的洪水情况以及后文“I knew my two former teachers were probably trapped in their houses”可知,水是在上涨,rising意为“上升,上涨”,符合语境,故选C。
( )9.[A]hardworking [B]time-saving
[C]long-lasting [D]heartbreaking
【答案】 D
【解析】 前文描述了他看到水在上涨,担心老师被困在家里的情况,这种情况是令人心碎的,heartbreaking符合语境,故选D。
( )10.[A]Immediately [B]Finally
[C]Formally [D]Naturally
【答案】 B
【解析】 前文描述了他担心老师并想办法救老师的过程,这里说最终在邻居的帮助下,Day救出了两位老师,Finally符合语境,故选B。
( )11.[A]co-workers [B]neighbors
[C]friends [D]relatives
【答案】 D
【解析】 这里是说Day救出老师后让她们和担心她们去向的亲属重新取得了联系,relatives符合语境,故选D。
( )12.[A]independent [B]smart
[C]special [D]humorous
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据后文“when they show you 13 they show you true love.They truly care about everyone who’s around them”可知,这两位老师很特别,special符合语境,故选C。
( )13.[A]fun [B]love
[C]energy [D]courage
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据后文“they show you true love”可知,这里是说当她们向你展示爱的时候,就是展示了真爱,故选B。
( )14.[A]describes [B]affects
[C]sticks [D]stresses
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据句意可知,这两位老师真的关心身边的每一个人,这一点一直留在他的脑海里,stick意为“粘住,留下”,这里表示留在脑海里,符合语境,故选C。
( )15.[A]risked [B]considered
[C]revived [D]practiced
【答案】 A
【解析】 这里是说他冒着生命危险去救他的老师,risk one’s life意为“冒着生命危险”,符合语境,故选A。
Ⅳ.应用文写作 (15分)
假定你是你校英语杂志特约小记者。某地上周发生6.2级地震。你校在上周六开展了“爱心包裹”捐赠活动(“Loving Parcels” donation activity),给地震灾区的学生捐赠物品。请你根据以下内容写一篇新闻报道。内容包括:
1.活动的目的、时间、地点;
2.活动内容:全校师生捐赠物品;填写爱心祝福卡片;将包裹寄给灾区学生;
3.活动的意义。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Loving Parcels
[写作指导]
One possible version:
Loving Parcels
In order to help students affected by earthquake,our school held a “Loving Parcels” donation activity last Saturday in the school hall.
All of the teachers and students took an active part in the activity.They donated food,clothing,and medical supplies,and all of them were badly needed.In addition,they also wrote their best wishes to these students on the cards.All of them would be collected and also delivered to schools that were affected by the earthquake.
Not only did the activity help us express our concern and sincere wishes,but also it taught us that we should cherish what we have.UNIT 4 课时作业(一)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The (智慧) of the ancient thinkers has a deep influence on modern thinking.
2.Some areas are threatened by (旱灾),making it difficult to develop agriculture.
3.The (洪水) washed away bridges and roads,cutting off many villages.
4.The firefighters (救援) the trapped people from the burning building.
5.The storm did a lot of (破坏) to the crops in the field.
6.The tornado (摧毁) everything in its path,leaving the town in ruins.
7.The explorers sought (庇护) in the abandoned building during the cold winter nights.
8.The new power plant will supply (电) to the whole region.
9.With continuous (努力),he finally achieved his goal of running a marathon.
10.He (遭受) a serious injury in the accident and had to stay in the hospital for a long time.
【答案】 1.wisdom 2.droughts 3.flood 4.rescued 5.damage 6.destroyed 7.shelter
8.electricity 9.effort 10.suffered
Ⅱ.句子语法填空 (共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.This is one of the worst natural (disaster) ever to hit the area.
2.An earthquake left the city in (ruin).
3.He was so generous that he devoted a lot of money to the (flood) area.
4.As far as I’m concerned,staying up late is certain (affect) your health.
5.The earthquake was so powerful that most of the houses in the small village were completely
(destroy).
6.The firefighters came here right away (rescue) those trapped in the burning building.
7.All the listeners were greatly (shock) when they heard the terrible news on radio.
8.In that country,many companies are suffering a shortage of young and skilled staff now.
9.Learning the news that the storm yesterday didn’t cause damage our village,we felt relieved immediately.
10. (bury) under the ruins,the little girl was rather frightened.
【答案】 1.disasters 2.ruins 3.flooded 4.to affect 5.destroyed 6.to rescue 7.shocked 8.from 9.to 10.Buried
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.It seemed (仿佛整个世界都屏住了呼吸) as the athlete prepared for the final jump.
2. (无论我们走到哪里),we could see the beautiful scenery of nature.
3. (那个画作获得一等奖的女孩) was praised by everyone in the school.
4.The sudden earthquake made the ancient town (破败不堪).
5. (这项任务太难了,无法完成) within the given time,which made the team feel stressed.
【答案】 1.as if the whole world were holding its breath 2.Everywhere we went 3.The girl whose painting won the first prize 4.in ruins 5.The task was too difficult to complete
Ⅳ.阅读理解 (共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
What do you think of when you hear the word “drought” Do you think of “dry” “hot” “dusty” “cracked (开裂的) earth” or even “no water” If so,you’re on the right track!
When some places are in drought,they may be dry,hot and dusty.Cracks may appear in the soil,and rivers,lakes,streams and other sources of water may go dry.Other places in drought get some rain,but not as much as they usually receive during that season.Drought means that a place has less rain or snow than normal over a few months or even longer.
Drought has many causes.It can be caused by not receiving rain or snow over a period of time.We learnt in the discussions above about the water cycle and weather.The changes in the wind patterns that move clouds and moisture through the atmosphere can cause a place not to receive its normal amount of rain or snow over a long period of time.
If you live in a place where most of the water you use comes from a river,a drought in your area can be caused by places upstream from you not receiving enough moisture.There would be less water in the river for you and other people who live along the river to use.
People can also play a big role in a drought.If we use too much water during times of normal rainfall,we might not have enough water when a drought happens.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了干旱的定义、特征和形成的原因。
( )1.What’s the purpose of Paragraph 1
[A]To introduce the topic.
[B]To analyse the problem.
[C]To conclude the article.
[D]To put forward an argument.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知,第一段以“自问自答”的设问句引出了本文的话题——干旱。故第一段的主要目的是引出话题。故选A。
( )2.What will happen if a place is in drought
[A]The weather will be dry,hot and windy.
[B]There won’t be any water left in rivers or lakes.
[C]There will be less rain or snow for quite a long time.
[D]The rainy season will be replaced by the snowy season.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知,当一个地方发生干旱时,该区域在较长时间内的降水量少于正常量。故选C。
( )3.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “moisture” in Paragraph 3
[A]Dust in the wind.
[B]Rain in the soil.
[C]Snow on the ground.
[D]Water in the air.
【答案】 D
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词下文的“cause a place not to receive its normal amount of rain or snow”可知,画线词所在句描述了降水不足的原因:风带走了空气中的水分,从而导致降水减少。moisture意为“空气中的水分”,和D项意思相近。故选D。
( )4.What topics have been discussed before the passage
[A]The definition of drought.
[B]The water cycle and weather.
[C]The causes of drought.
[D]The influence of drought.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段的第三句可知,在本文之前已经讨论了“水循环和天气”。故选B。UNIT 4 课时作业(二)
(分值:50分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.The film brought the time back to me I spent in the deep forest.
2.The exchange students you met on campus yesterday are from England.
3.Those people countries are in war are suffering a lot.
4.The first place we visited in China was the Great Wall.
5.The boy spoken English is excellent draws our attention.
6.The English play my students acted in at the New Year’s party was a great success.
7.Through conversations with friends are wise and kind,a better understanding and judgement may be achieved.
8.He gave a famous speech started with the words “I will never give up”.
9.Mrs White couldn’t accept the reason she explained for her being late.
10.It is important to get the best advice actually works in real life.
【答案】 1.that/which 2.whom/that/who 3.whose 4.that 5.whose 6.that/which
7.who/that 8.that/which 9.that/which 10.that
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.I would like to introduce to you a wonderful place (我去年夏天去过的).
2.All students (对即将举办的学校艺术展览感兴趣的) are welcome to submit their artworks.
3.Please submit your artworks to the art teacher,Mr Smith, (他的办公室位于艺术楼的二楼).
4.The competition, (这场将在学校礼堂举行的),aims to improve students’ public speaking skills.
5.I am writing to express my interest in the job position (在贵公司网站上所刊登的).
【答案】 1.(that/which) I visited last summer
2.who/that are interested in the coming school art exhibition
3.whose office is located on the second floor of the art building
4.which will take place in the school hall
5.that/which was advertised on your company’s website
Ⅲ.阅读理解 (共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
A new study has found that some of the hottest heatwaves in history happened a long time ago and were not well known.Scientists from the University of Bristol did this research and said that as our world gets warmer,we can expect even hotter heatwaves in the future.
The study found five very hot heatwaves that were not talked about much.Dr. Thompson,
who led the study,said that the heatwave in Canada and the United States was very surprising,but there were even hotter ones in the past.She also said that using what we know about the climate,we can guess that very hot days will get more common in the next 100 years.
Heatwaves can cause a lot of problems.The one in western North America was very bad and caused many disasters.It also started big fires that damaged many things and ruined crops.
People will remember this heatwave because it caused so much damage.
Even though the hottest places are not always the ones that have the biggest problems,
they are often connected.Knowing more about the very hot days and where they happen can help protect the most vulnerable regions.
Professor Mitchell,who also worked on the study,said that climate change is a big health problem for everyone on Earth.He pointed out that many heatwaves in places that are not very rich were not noticed.When a country gets very hot,it can cause many people to die,especially if the temperature is not normal for them.
The University of Bristol cares about the problems caused by climate change and wants to help fix them.In 2019,it was the first university in the UK to say that there is a climate emergency.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了布里斯托大学一项关于历史上极端热浪的研究,并探讨了热浪对人类社会和环境的影响。
( )1.What can we expect about heatwaves in the future
[A]They will decrease in amount.
[B]They will only affect certain regions.
[C]They will have no impact on global health.
[D]They will increase in degree over the coming century.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“She also said that using what we know about the climate,we can guess that very hot days will get more common in the next 100 years.”可知,我们可以预测在接下来的一个世纪里热浪的程度会增加。故选D。
( )2.What does the underlined word “disasters” in Paragraph 3 mean
[A]Cuts in food production.
[B]Events resulting in great loss.
[C]Activities held by organisations.
[D]Something important to environment.
【答案】 B
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词后的“It also started big fires that damaged many things and ruined crops.People will remember this heatwave because it caused so much damage.”可推测,热浪造成破坏,这里的“disasters”显然是指那些导致重大损失或破坏的事件。B项与之意义相近。故选B。
( )3.Why is it important to understand where the hottest heatwaves have happened
[A]To predict where the next heatwave will happen.
[B]To find the connection between heatwaves and crop yields.
[C]To help take measures to protect the most vulnerable regions.
[D]To determine which countries need to reduce their greenhouse gas.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Knowing more about the very hot days and where they happen can help protect the most vulnerable regions.”可知,了解最热的热浪发生在哪里的重要性是为了帮助保护那些最易受影响的地区。故选C。
( )4.What can we know from Paragraph 5
[A]Climate change has had a great influence on health.
[B]The heatwaves outside of the developed world are always noticed.
[C]The death rate related to the climate change is expected to be lower.
[D]Developing countries are warned of the influences of climate change.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“Professor Mitchell,who also worked on the study,said that climate change is a big health problem for everyone on Earth.”可知,气候变化对健康产生了很大的影响。故选A。
Ⅳ.语法填空 (共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
As far as I know,the heavy storm was one of the worst 1. (event) of the city.It hit the western part of the city last night.The wind speed reached eighty kilometres per hour.The storm caused serious damage 2. at least two hundred homes.A great number of families 3. (be) left homeless after the roofs of the houses were blown away.Scenes of the disaster could be seen everywhere,which made people 4. (frighten).
In Main Street,the city park was flooded completely.Many cars 5. (destroy) completely by floodwater.One car owner without full insurance burst out 6. (cry).Some cars were carried across the parking area and dumped (倾倒) into storm-water drains.In another block,a tree fell on a bus 7. was taking some football players to a game.8. (luck),no one in the bus got 9. (injure).
It was pleasing that the storm was finally at 10. end after doing extreme damage.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了一场暴风雨对当地城市造成的破坏。
1.【答案】 events
【解析】 考查名词复数。此处为“one of+可数名词复数”结构,表示“……中之一”,应用名词复数。故填events。
2.【答案】 to
【解析】 考查介词。cause damage to为固定搭配,表示“对……造成损害”。故填to。
3.【答案】 were
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。“a great number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;文章讲述的是昨晚发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故填were。
4.【答案】 frightened
【解析】 考查形容词。设空处在定语从句中作宾语补足语,修饰people,表达人们的心理感受,应用形容词frightened。故填frightened。
5.【答案】 were destroyed
【解析】 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据全文语境可知,该处应用一般过去时;主语cars与destroy之间是被动关系,故用被动语态,主语为复数名词,be动词用were。故填were destroyed。
6.【答案】 crying
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。burst out crying意为“突然大哭起来”,为固定搭配。故填crying。
7.【答案】 that/which
【解析】 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,先行词是a bus,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,应用that或which引导该定语从句。故填that/which。
8.【答案】 Luckily
【解析】 考查副词。设空处在句中作状语,修饰整个句子,应用副词形式,位于句首,单词首字母应大写。故填Luckily。
9.【答案】 injured
【解析】 考查形容词。设空处在句中作表语,指“受伤的”,应用形容词形式。故填injured。
10.【答案】 an
【解析】 考查冠词。be at an end意为“结束;终结”,为固定搭配。故填an。
