人与社会—科学与技术“问题解决型”说明文（教师版）
“问题解决型”说明文基本结构: 提出问题—分析问题（因果）—解决措施—呼吁或建议或评价
语篇分析
试题来源 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷C篇 介绍巴比伦微农场 28. 细节理解题 Para. 1 situation
29. 细节理解题 Para. 3 solution
30. 推理判断题 Para. 5 result
31. 主旨大意题 全文 main idea
语篇意义
本文介绍了一种新型的室内农场系统—BMF，强调其在提供新鲜食物、减少运输距离、节约资源以及保护环境方面的优势。阅读这篇文章，学生将在多个方面得到能力的提升： 1. 信息获取与理解能力 学生能够从文中快速获取BMF的基本信息，包括其定义、功能及适用范围等，同时，能理解BMF相较于传统农产品运输和种植方式的优势，如缩短食物运输链、提供新鲜绿叶蔬菜的可靠供应等。 2. 科技意识与应用能力 文章介绍了BMF依靠新技术进行远程监控和自动化管理的特点，这有助于培养学生的科技意识，让他们了解到科技在农业领域的应用和潜力。 3. 环保与可持续发展观念 文章强调了BMF的环保优势，如零排放、无需农药和其他化学物质等，这有助于增强学生的环保意识。同时，通过了解BMF员工践行可持续生活方式的情况，学生可以认识到个人和企业在日常生活中如何为环境保护做出贡献。 4. 逻辑推理与批判性思维能力 学生在阅读过程中需要理解文章各段落之间的逻辑关系，如BMF的定义、技术特点、环保优势以及员工生活方式之间的联系。通过对比传统农产品运输和种植方式与BMF的优势，学生可以锻炼自己的批判性思维，学会分析不同方案的优缺点。 5. 语言运用与表达能力： 学生通过阅读文章，可以学习到一些农业科技领域的专业术语和表达方式，如“Cloud”、“automated”、“emissions”等。文章的语言简洁明了，结构清晰，有助于学生提高自己的语言运用和表达能力，学会如何用简洁的语言阐述复杂的概念和观点。
2023浙江 1月卷D篇 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
介绍太阳能农场 32. 推理判断题 Para. 2 problem
33. 细节理解题 Para. 3 solution
34. 细节理解题 Para. 4 solution
35. 主旨大意题 Para. 5 main idea
语篇意义
本文通过分析太阳能行业快速发展中的土地占用问题，引出了“低影响”太阳能开发策略的重要性，特别是为传粉昆虫提供栖息地的做法。阅读这篇文章，学生可以在多个维度获得能力提升： 1. 信息提取与理解能力 学生能够从文章中提取出关于太阳能板安装数量增长、太阳能开发对土地的影响、以及“低影响”太阳能开发策略等关键信息。通过理解文章中的数据和事实，学生能够形成对太阳能行业发展趋势和环境保护问题的基本认识。 2. 批判性思维能力 文章明确指出了太阳能开发过程中存在的问题，如土地占用、土壤破坏等，学生需要识别这些问题，并分析其对环境和社区的影响。通过阅读，学生能够了解“低影响”太阳能开发策略，如为传粉昆虫提供栖息地的可行性和潜在优势，从而培养对复杂问题的分析和评估能力。 3. 词汇与语言运用能力 文章中出现了许多专业词汇，如“solar developers（太阳能开发商）” “pollinators（传粉昆虫）”、“low-impact（低影响）”等，学生可以通过上下文理解这些词汇的含义，丰富词汇量。此外，文章结构清晰，逻辑严谨，学生可以从中学习如何组织文章，如何使用数据和引用支持观点，这对写作能力的提升有重要帮助。 4. 跨学科知识整合能力 文章涉及太阳能开发、传粉昆虫生态以及农业经济等多个领域的知识。学生在阅读中可以整合这些跨学科知识，拓宽知识面，增强综合分析和解决问题的能力。 5 环保意识与可持续发展观念 文章强调了太阳能开发对土地和生态环境的影响，以及采取“低影响”开发策略的重要性。这有助于培养学生的环保意识和可持续发展观念。
2022全国 新高考ⅠⅠ卷 C篇 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
介绍Textalyzer设备 28. 推理判断题 Para. 2 problem
29. 细节理解题 Para. 5 solution
30. 词义猜测题 Para. 6 evaluation
31. 主旨大意题 全文 main idea
语篇意义
本文主要探讨了美国各州在禁止开车发短信立法后，交通事故率不降反升的现象，并介绍纽约州拟采用 Textalyzer 技术应对分心驾驶问题。通过阅读这篇文章，学生可以获得以下几方面的能力： 1. 信息提取与整合能力 学生需要从文章中提取关键信息，例如各州禁止发短信的措施、分心驾驶的现状、Textalyzer的工作原理等。学生可以将这些分散的信息整合起来，形成对整个问题的全面理解。 2. 批判性思维能力 学生可以学习如何分析一个复杂的社会问题的现状、原因和影响。例如，文章提到尽管有禁令和宣传，但分心驾驶问题仍在加剧，学生可以思考为什么会出现这种现象。学生还可以理解分心驾驶与交通事故之间的因果关系，以及驾驶里程增加对事故率的影响。 3. 语言理解与表达能力 文章中包含一些专业词汇和表达，如“distracted driving（分心驾驶）”，“hands-free driving laws（免提驾驶法律）”，“Textalyzer”等。学生通过阅读可以积累这些词汇，丰富自己的词汇量。文章使用了多种语法结构和句式，如定语从句、状语从句等。学生可以通过分析这些句子，加深对英语语法的理解和运用能力。 4. 社会意识与责任感 学生可以了解分心驾驶对社会的影响，如交通事故增加、人员伤亡等，从而增强对交通安全问题的关注。通过阅读文章，学生可以认识到作为驾驶员的责任，以及遵守交通法规的重要性。 5. 跨学科知识整合能力 学生可以了解立法在解决社会问题中的作用，例如通过Textalyzer法案来规范驾驶行为。学生可以思考技术（如Textalyzer）如何影响社会行为和法律的实施，培养跨学科思维。
Passage one【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷C篇】
①We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. Q28 However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
②Q31 BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
③Specifically, Q31 it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Q29 Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
④Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means Q31 zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, Q31 there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
⑤Q31 BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. Q30 “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The introduction and benefits of Babylon Micro-Farm, an innovative indoor gardening system.
2. Complete the structure of the passage.
Topic: Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF)
Part 1 (Para 1)
Problem: the long travel 1. time and 2. distance before store-bought produce reaches consumers.
Solution: Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF)
Part 2 (Para 2-4)
Part 3 (Para 5)
Result:
Employees live out 10. sustainability
Examples：11. walk or bike to work
12. recycle and reduce waste
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1
A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. 同义替换 D. It relies on farmer’s markets.
29. What information does the convenient app offer
A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. 同义替换
C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods.
30. What can be concluded about BMF employees
A. They have a great passion for sports.
B. They are devoted to community service.
C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 简化合并
31. What does the text mainly talk about
A. BMF’s major strengths. 原词复现，简化合并 B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards.
答案：CBDA
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. 走完（一段路程）
(2) While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. 可靠的
(3) The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. 绿色蔬菜
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow
plants. (para3, the fourth sentence)
分析: 本句是一个主从复合句。Because引导原因状语从句，it是主句的主语，指代前文提到的the system，reduces是谓语，needed to grow plants是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰water。
翻译: 因为该系统是自动化的，它显著减少了种植植物所需的水量。
(2) Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions from transporting plants from soil to salad. (para4, the first sentence)
分析: 本句是一个主从复合句。Having a system in the same building是动名词短语作主语,
where引导定语从句，先行词是the same building，means是主句的谓语。
翻译: 此外，在食用地点所在的同一栋大楼里安装一个系统意味着从土壤中生长的植物到变成沙拉的这一过程实现了运输零排放。
Passage two【2023浙江1月卷D篇】
①According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the num ber of solar panels installed (安装) has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
②Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Q32 Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
③“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” Q33 InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators (传粉昆虫).
④Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Q34 Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
⑤ Q35 Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
This passage discusses the challenges and solutions related to solar panel installation, emphasizing the importance of low-impact solar development that supports pollinators and benefits both the environment and the agricultural economy.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Pollinator -friendly solar farms Part 1 (para 1) Proposing the issue Rapid growth of solar panels ·Growth in past decade ·Need for faster growth to meet 1. climate goals Space and community concerns ·Large space required ·Community 2. resistance to large solar panels nearby
Part 2 (para 2-4) Analysing the problem Current solar farm practices ·Quick and cheap 3. installation ·Land management: small stones and chemical weed 4. control Negative Impacts ·Viewed as 5. harmful to soil ·Seen as destroyers of the land Expert Opinion ·Jordan Macknick: solar projects need to be good neighbors ·InSPIRE Project: 6. low-impact solar development ·Pollinator Habitat: a key low-impact strategy Pollinator crisis ·7. Population decline: habitat loss, pesticide use, climate change ·Damage to U. S. agricultural 8. economy ·Laws in over 28 states for 9. habitat protection Pollinator-friendly guidelines ·10. Conservation efforts: home gardens, businesses, schools, cities ·Guidelines for solar farms
Part 3 (para 5) Addressing the 11. solution Transforming solar farms ·Habitat creation: space under panels for pollinators ·12. Benefits: Soil improvement, carbon reduction ·Positive impact: contribution to the landscape
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What do solar developers often ignore
A. The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B. The negative impact of installing solar panels. 简化合并
C. The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D. The most recent advances in solar technology.
33. What does InSPIRE aim to do
A. Improve the productivity of local farms.
B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly. 同义替换
D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
34. What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
A. To conserve pollinators. 原词复现，同义替换 B. To restrict solar development.
C. To diversify the economy. D. To ensure the supply of energy.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B. Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D. Solar Farms: A New Development
原词复现，简化合并
答案：BCAD
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并 ⑤正话反说
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators. 低影响的
(2) Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. 急剧的
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. (para2, the first sentence)
分析: 这是一个由连词"so"连接的并列复合句，包含两个分句，表示因果关系。as quickly and cheaply as possible是方式状语。第二个分句中what引导宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语。
翻译: 太阳能开发商希望尽可能快速且低成本地安装太阳能板，因此他们并没有太多考虑太阳能板下面放置什么。
(2) InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. (para3, the third sentence)
分析: 本句是一个主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“low-impact” solar development，定语从句中还包含一个由that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词way。
翻译: InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”的太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以一种对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。
Passage three【2022全国新高考ⅠⅠ卷C篇】
①Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
② Q28 Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still Q31texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
③That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately."
④"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
⑤An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called Q31the Textalyzer. Q29 It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use Q31 the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
⑥"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, Q30 who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
Despite bans and campaigns, distracted driving is worsening, and New York lawmakers propose using the Textalyzer to detect illegal phone use while driving.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US
A. Ineffective. 简化合并 B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
29. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out
A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone. 简化合并
C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws. 原词复现
31. What is a suitable title for the text
A. To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Start.
B. Texting and Driving Watch Out for the Textalyzer.
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers. 原词复现，简化合并
D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer.
答案：ABDB
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) "Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. 总体，大体上
(2) So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving. 很，非常
(3) We need something on the books that can change people's behavior. 记录在案，登记在册
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel. (para1, the first sentence)
分析: 本句是一个并列复合句，包含两个由并列连词"and"连接的分句。后一个分句中to persuade people to put down their phones是不定式作目的状语，when引导时间状语从句。
翻译: 在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止了司机发短信，同时，公共宣传活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。
(2) The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws. (para5, the third sentence)
分析: 本句是一个主从复合句, whether引导一个宾语从句, 从句中还包含一个由that引导的定语从句，
修饰先行词anything else。
翻译: 该技术能够判定司机是否刚刚发送过短信、电子邮件，或者是否进行过其他任何违反纽约州免提驾驶法规的行为。
语篇相关话题词汇梳理
试题 子话题词汇
科学技术 科学精神 信息安全
设备与技术 功能与操作 社会影响 探索与创新 实践与态度 隐私与安全风险 安全措施与规范
2024新课标 ⅠⅠ卷C篇 Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) 室内花园系统 indoor garden system 室内种植 系统 pre-seeded pod 预播种容器（种植技术） automated system 自动化系统 automated 自动化的 reduces water needed减少用水量 zero emissions 零排放 no need for pesticides 无需农药 sustainability可持续性 reliable weekly supply 可靠的每周供应 innovative design创新设计 new technology 新技术 sustainability可持续性 little effort to achieve... 轻松实现 passionate about... 对环保充满热情 walk or bike to work 步行/骑行上班 encourage recycling 鼓励回收 limiting garbage cans 减少垃圾桶avoiding single-use plastic避免一次性塑料 cloud 云技术 app 应用程序 remotely monitored 远程监控 growing data in real time 实时生长数据
2023浙江 1月卷D篇 solar panels 太阳能电池板 solar farms 太阳能农场 pollinator -friendly solar farms 传粉昆虫友好型太阳能农场 chemicals to control weeds除草化学药剂 installed安装 operating solar farms运营太阳能农场 soil improvement 土壤改良 carbon reduction 碳减排 low-impact solar development低影响太阳能开发 meet climate goals 实现气候目标 contribute to the agricultural economy为农业经济做贡献 have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape 对景观中发生的一切产生有价值的影响 InSPIRE project 创新场地准备与环境影响减少项目 practical approaches 实用方法 pollinator habitat protection 传粉昆虫栖息地保护 transformed the space 空间改造 good neighbors 好邻居 protectors of the land土地保护者 contribute to the agricultural economy 促进农业经济 conservation organizations保护组织
2022全国 新高考ⅠⅠ卷 C篇 Textalyzer 短信分析仪 hand-held devices 手持设备 operating system 操作系统 texting while driving驾驶时发短信 using social networks使用社交网络 taking photos 拍照 road accidents 交通事故 public service campaigns 公共服务宣传
improve road safety 提高道路安全
change people's behavior改变人们的行为
Big change requires big ideas大变革需要大创意 treat distracted driving like drunk driving 将分心驾驶视为酒驾 public service campaigns 公共服务宣传 banned texting by drivers禁止司机发短信 persuade people to put down phones劝说放下手机 more afraid to use phones 更害怕使用手机 ask for the phones of the drivers要求司机交出手机 check in the operating system 检查操作系统 hands-free driving laws 免提驾驶法规 Textalyzer bill 短信分析仪法案
人教版教材相关话题词汇梳理
教材 单元 子话题词汇
科学技术 科学精神 信息安全
设备与技术 功能与操作 社会影响 探索与创新 实践与态度 隐私与安全风险 安全措施与规范
必修二 Unit 3 The internet Internet 互联网 World Wide Web万维网 computer 计算机 online communities在线社区 social networks 社交网络 Databases 数据库 Software 软件 documents文档 images图像 blog博客 surfing the Internet 上网冲浪download 下载 apply for work online在线求职 taking online classes 在线上课 post comments 发布评论click on点击 access to the Internet 互联网接入raise money online 在线筹款 convenient方便 updated information最新信息 remove the distance 消除距离 digital divide 数字鸿沟 bridge the digital divide弥合数字鸿沟 make society better 改善社会 explore the world 探索世界 start an IT club创办 IT 俱乐部 start a charity website开设慈善网站 learn how to use the Internet 学习新技术 offer help 提供帮助 be inspired激发灵感 organise events 组织活动face challenges面对挑战 privacy隐私 Identity theft 身份盗用 give out information 泄露信息 false names 假名 troll网络喷子 cyberbully 网络霸凌者 stir up trouble 挑起事端 be mean to others 恶意对待他人 embarrassing photos尴尬照片 golden rule of the Internet 互联网黄金法则 protect privacy保护隐私 Don’t give out personal information 不泄露个人信息 leave unsafe sites 离开不安全网站 avoid cyberbullying 避免网络霸凌
教材 单元 子话题词汇
科学技术 科学精神 信息安全
设备与技术 功能与操作 社会影响 探索与创新 实践与态度 隐私与安全风险 安全措施与规范
选择性 必修一 Unit 2 Looking into the future smart home智能家居 integrated sensors 集成传感器 health monitor健康监测设备 smart toilet智能马桶 driverless car无人驾驶汽车 weather -tracking computer programmes气象追踪计算机程序 social media network社交媒体网络 remote controls 遥控器 automatic control 自动控制 voice commands 语音指令 Energy -efficient mode 节能模式 monitor health 监测健康 record sleep quality记录睡眠质量 detect leaks/short circuits 检测漏水/短路 provide warnings 提供警告 keep in touch via Internet 通过互联网保持联系 use social media使用社交媒体 save energy 节约能源 prevent disasters 预防灾害 improve quality of life提高生活质量 reduce pollution 减少污染 create job opportunities创造就业机会 impact on traditional lifestyles 对传统生活方式的影响 make larger networks扩大社交网络 public opposition to technology公众对技术的反对 advanced technology先进技术 new innovations新创新 developing driverless cars开发无人驾驶汽车 new technology新技术 advocate a simple life倡导简朴生活 embrace change拥抱变化 resist technology抵制技术 focus on hard work/community注重勤劳/社区 look on the positive side乐观看待 data privacy concerns 数据隐私问题 health data tracking 健康数据追踪 potential misuse of personal information 个人信息的潜在滥用 security risks in smart devices 智能设备的安全风险 warning systems预警系统 apologize for tech failures 为技术故障道歉 regulate new technology 规范新技术
教材 单元 子话题词汇
科学技术 科学精神 信息安全
设备与技术 功能与操作 社会影响 探索与创新 实践与态度 隐私与安全风险 安全措施与规范
选择性 必修二 Unit 1 Science and scientists household robot 家用机器人 Time Machine 时间机器 starting lever 启动杆 main panel 主控制面板 light suspended from the ceiling 悬挂式灯具 clock时钟 laboratory实验室 test out a robot 测试机器人 scan books 扫描书籍transform a house 改造房屋 push the lever 推动操纵杆 travel through time 时间旅行 calculate speed of time travel 计算时间旅行速度 flip the Time Machine 翻转时间机器 improve social position 提升社会地位 change the surface of the earth 改变地球表面 affect human relationship影响人际关系 create a sense of guilt 产生愧疚感 experiment with robots 机器人实验 invent the Time Machine发明时间机器 push technological boundaries突破技术边界 observe changes in time观察时间变化 persuade someone to accept technology说服他人接受技术 feel alarmed by robots 对机器人感到不安 admire wisdom and integrity 钦佩智慧与正直 resist emotional attachment to machines抵抗对机器的情感依赖 take risks in scientific exploration在科学探索中冒险 emotional manipulation by robots机器人的情感操控 identity misunderstanding 身份误解 risk of time travel accidents时间旅行事故风险 potential explosion from stopping the Time Machine停止时间机器可能引发的爆炸 three laws of robotics 机器人三定律 maximum speed safety rule 时间旅行最高速安全原则
Writing
假定你是李华，你校英文报正在举办以“Technology Changes Our Lives”为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 科技带来的便利；
2. 科技可能存在的问题；
3. 你的建议。
Sample 1
Technology Changes Our Lives
Technology has revolutionized our lives in remarkable ways. （观点提出：总论点）It is smartphones that allow us to access information instantly, while automated systems help reduce human labor. （分论点 1：具体技术案例，举例说明类）Not only do these innovations save time, but they also improve efficiency significantly. （分论点 2：正面影响总结，因果分析类）
However, while enjoying these convenience, we must acknowledge the downsides. （过渡句）Privacy concerns arise from data tracking, and cyberbullying has become a serious issue. （分论点 3：社会问题，举例说明类）What's worse, excessive screen time may harm our health. （分论点 4：健康影响，递进说明类）
To make the most of technology, it is essential to set reasonable usage limits. （对策 1：具体行动，建议类）Only by balancing technology and real-life interactions can we truly benefit from it. （结论：强调平衡的重要性，警示 / 呼吁类）
(97words)
Sample 2
Technology Changes Our Lives
In recent years, technology has greatly transformed our lives, bringing us immense convenience. （观点提出：总论点）With smart devices widely used, people can shop online, access information instantly, and communicate globally, which significantly improves efficiency. （分论点 1：生活场景应用，举例说明类）Additionally, advancements in AI and robotics have automated many tasks, freeing humans from repetitive work. （分论点 2：技术创新价值，因果分析类）
However, technology also poses challenges. （过渡句）Over-reliance on digital tools may weaken face-to-face communication skills, leading to social isolation. （分论点 3：社交能力弱化，因果分析类）Moreover, privacy concerns arise as personal data can be easily leaked if not properly protected. （分论点 4：隐私风险，递进说明类）
To address these issues, I suggest using technology wisely. （对策 1：宏观建议，建议类） It is essential that we balance virtual interactions with real-life connections. （对策 2：具体平衡方式，建议类）Meanwhile, stricter laws should be implemented to safeguard privacy. （对策 3：制度层面建议，建议类）Only by doing so can we enjoy the benefits of technology while minimizing its downsides. （结论：强调辩证关系，警示 / 呼吁类）
(124 words)人与社会—科学与技术“问题解决型”说明文（学生版）
“问题解决型”说明文基本结构: 提出问题—分析问题（因果）—解决措施—呼吁或建议或评价
Passage one【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷C篇】
①We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
②BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
③Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
④Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
⑤BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The introduction and __________ of Babylon Micro-Farm, an innovative indoor _________________.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Topic: _______________________________
Part 1 (Para _______) Introduction
Problem: the long travel 1. ____________ and 2.____________ before store-bought produce reaches consumers.
Solution: _______________________________
Part 2 (Para _______)
Part 3 (Para _______) Result
Employees live out 10. ________________
Examples：11. _____________________
12. _____________________
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1
A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets.
29. What information does the convenient app offer
A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants.
C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods.
30. What can be concluded about BMF employees
A. They have a great passion for sports.
B. They are devoted to community service.
C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D. They have a strong environmental awareness.
31. What does the text mainly talk about
A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. __________________
(2) While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. __________________
(3) The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
__________________
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow
plants. (para3, the fourth sentence)
分析: 本句是一个主从复合句。Because引导_________________，it是主句的___________，指代前文提到的__________________，reduces是___________，needed to grow plants是过去分词短语作___________，修饰___________。
翻译: __________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
(2) Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions from transporting plants from soil to salad. (para4, the first sentence)
分析: 本句是一个主从复合句。Having a system in the same building是动名词短语作___________,
where引导___________，先行词是_________________，___________是主句的谓语。
翻译: __________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Passage two【2023浙江1月卷D篇】
①According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed (安装) has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
②Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
③“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment (InSPIRE) project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators (传粉昆虫).
④Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
⑤Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
This passage discusses the ____________ and ____________ related to solar panel installation, emphasizing the importance of ____________ solar development that supports pollinators and benefits both the ____________ and the __________________________.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Pollinator -friendly solar farms Part 1 (para ______) Proposing the issue Rapid growth of solar panels ·Growth in past decade ·Need for faster growth to meet 1. ____________ goals Space and community concerns ·Large space required ·Community 2. ____________ to large solar panels nearby
Part 2 (para ______) Analysing the problem Current solar farm practices ·Quick and cheap 3. ____________ ·Land management: small stones and chemical weed 4. ____________ Negative Impacts ·Viewed as 5. ____________ to soil ·Seen as destroyers of the land Expert Opinion ·Jordan Macknick: solar projects need to be good neighbors ·InSPIRE Project: 6. ____________ solar development ·Pollinator Habitat: a key low-impact strategy Pollinator crisis ·7. ____________ decline: habitat loss, pesticide use, climate change ·Damage to U. S. agricultural 8. ____________ ·Laws in over 28 states for 9. ____________ protection Pollinator-friendly guidelines ·10. ____________ efforts: home gardens, businesses, schools, cities ·Guidelines for solar farms
Part 3 (para ______) Addressing the 11. ___________ Transforming solar farms ·Habitat creation: space under panels for pollinators ·12. ____________: Soil improvement, carbon reduction ·Positive impact: contribution to the landscape
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What do solar developers often ignore
A. The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B. The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C. The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D. The most recent advances in solar technology.
33. What does InSPIRE aim to do
A. Improve the productivity of local farms.
B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
34. What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
A. To conserve pollinators. B. To restrict solar development.
C. To diversify the economy. D. To ensure the supply of energy.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B. Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D. Solar Farms: A New Development
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators. __________________
(2) Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. _______________
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. (para2, the first sentence)
分析: 这是一个由连词"so"连接的并列复合句，包含两个分句，表示_______关系。as quickly and cheaply as possible是_________。第二个分句中what引导__________，what在从句中作________。
翻译: __________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
(2) InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. (para3, the third sentence)
分析: 本句是一个主从复合句。which引导_____________，修饰先行词 __________________，定语
从句中还包含一个由that引导的___________，修饰先行词________。
翻译: __________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Passage three【2022全国新高考ⅠⅠ卷C篇】
①Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
②Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
③That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately."
④"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
⑤An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
⑥"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
Despite bans and campaigns, distracted driving is ______________, and New York lawmakers propose using the ______________ to detect ______________________ while driving.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
29. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out
A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone.
C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
31. What is a suitable title for the text
A. To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Start.
B. Texting and Driving Watch Out for the Textalyzer.
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并 ⑤正话反说
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) "Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. __________________
(2) So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving. __________________
(3) We need something on the books that can change people's behavior. __________________
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel. (para1, the first sentence)
分析: 本句是一个并列复合句，包含两个由并列连词"and"连接的分句。后一个分句中to persuade people to put down their phones是不定式作___________，when引导____________。
翻译: __________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
(2) The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws. (para5, the third sentence)
分析: 本句是一个主从复合句, whether引导一个___________, 从句中还包含一个由that引导的___________，修饰先行词_________________。
翻译: __________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
语篇相关话题词汇梳理
词汇 子话题词汇
科学技术 科学精神 信息安全
设备与技术 功能与操作 社会影响 探索与创新 实践与态度 隐私与安全风险 安全措施与规范
试题词汇
教材词汇
Writing
假定你是李华，你校英文报正在举办以“Technology Changes Our Lives”为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 科技带来的便利；
2. 科技可能存在的问题；
3. 你的建议。
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
