人与社会—科学与技术“研究发现型”说明文（教师版）
“研究发现型”说明文基本结构: 研究发现—研究过程（背景、目标、对象、原理、方法、数据、
结果……）—研究结论 (前景、影响、意义、评价、未来方向、不足……)
语篇分析
试题来源 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
2025年浙江1月卷D篇 科技产品性别中立化研究 细节理解题 Para. 1 purpose
推理判断题 Para. 2 research method
细节理解题 Para. 4 difficulty
35. 主旨大意题 Para. 5 conclusion
语篇意义
本文探讨了科技产品性别中立化的趋势及其影响，通过斯坦福大学教授Ashley Martin的研究揭示了性别认知在产品设计中的重要性。阅读这篇文章，学生将在多个方面得到能力的提升： 1. 社会认知与批判性思维 学生能够理解性别刻板印象在科技产品中的体现，并思考如何通过产品设计改变传统性别观念。通过对比性别化产品与性别中立产品的市场接受度，培养批判性分析能力。 2. 科研方法与数据分析 文章介绍了Martin教授的研究方法（用户调查）和发现（性别增强用户依恋感），帮助学生了解社会科学研究的基本流程和数据解读方式。 3. 市场营销与消费者心理 通过分析性别因素对购买意愿的影响，学生可以认识到产品设计中消费者心理的重要性，理解市场营销中的情感因素。 4. 性别平等意识 文章讨论了性别化产品可能强化的权力不平等问题，以及通过拟人化产品改变刻板印象的可能性，有助于培养学生的性别平等意识。 5. 语言与概念理解 文中涉及"anthropomorphism"等专业术语和"stereotype-inconsistent"等复合概念，通过上下文理解这些术语，可以提高学生的学术阅读能力。
2024年新高考I卷 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
生物多样性数据研究 32. 细节理解题 Para. 1 factual features
33. 细节理解题 Para. 2 research focus
34. 推理判断题 Para. 4-5 causal analysis
35. 细节理解题 Para. 6 suggested measures
语篇意义
本文探讨了当前生物多样性记录数据的局限性及其改进方案。阅读这篇文章，学生将在以下方面获得提升： 1. 科学认知能力 学生能理解现代生物多样性记录的主要形式（电子化数据）及其局限性，认识到观测数据与标本数据的区别，了解大数据分析在生态研究中的应用。 2. 批判性思维能力 通过分析研究中发现的数据偏差问题（地域、时间、物种偏好），学生可以培养对科学数据可靠性的质疑精神，理解采样方法对研究结果的影响。 3. 问题解决能力 文章最后提出通过专家验证和用户引导来改进数据质量的方案，帮助学生理解科学研究中发现问题-分析问题-解决问题的完整逻辑链条。 4. 科技与社会认知 通过公民科学家的参与案例，学生可以认识到移动应用技术对科研的推动作用，以及公众参与科学研究的利弊。 5 学术语言能力 文中出现的专业术语如"bias""specimens""dataset"等有助于拓展学生的学术词汇，严谨的研究表述方式也为学生提供了科技类文章的写作范例。
2024年浙江1月卷D篇 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
心理学实验与现代社会应用 细节理解题 Para. 1 experiment procedure
推理判断题 Para. 3 biological mismatch
作者建议题 Para. 4 suggestion
主旨大意题 全文 title selection
语篇意义
本文通过斯坦福棉花糖实验引出对现代人自制力的探讨，将儿童面对糖果诱惑的情景类比成人面对信息诱惑的现状。阅读这篇文章，学生将在多个方面得到能力的提升： 1. 实验理解与迁移能力 学生需要理解经典心理学实验的设计原理（延迟满足），并能将其核心逻辑迁移到现代生活情境中，识别出电子设备与棉花糖在诱惑机制上的相似性。 2. 生物进化认知能力 通过分析人类大脑机制与现代社会环境的不匹配现象，学生可以理解进化心理学视角下的人类行为特征，培养从生物进化角度分析社会现象的能力。 3. 信息素养培养 文章提出"信息垃圾食品"的概念，促使学生反思自身信息消费习惯，培养对信息质量的甄别能力和有意识的信息消费观念。 4. 类比推理能力 文中建立的"棉花糖-高热量食物-数字信息"三层类比关系，需要学生理解不同领域现象之间的内在逻辑关联，锻炼跨领域类比推理的思维能力。 5. 批判性思维应用 通过对比原始环境与现代环境的差异，学生需要评估人类本能反应在当前语境下的适应性，从而建立辩证看待本能与理性冲突的思维框架。
Passage one【2025年浙江1月卷D篇】
①As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless.Q32 “People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics.
②In her study, Q33 Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.” It was found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices.
③While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender.
④Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. Q34 For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she.”
⑤Q35 Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles — a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
Gendered tech boosts user connection but may strengthen stereotypes, while neutral designs fail.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Research Findings (para 1-2) Main Finding ·Gendering technology products 1. increases user attachment and purchase interest. Contradiction ·While 2. removing gender seems like a solution to stereotypes, people naturally 3. assign gender to objects. Potential Issue ·Gendering may 4. reinforce outdated stereotypes about power and identity.
Research Process (para 2-4) Background ·Growing trend toward genderless tech due to concerns about stereotyping. Objective ·Examine how gender affects human-device connections. Subjects ·Participants 5. evaluating digital voice assistants and self-driving cars ("Miuu"). Method Comparing attachment and purchase likelihood for male, female, and genderless versions. Results ·Users felt more attached to gendered devices. ·Genderless versions were 6. less appealing. ·People still assigned gender even to neutral names (e.g., "Miuu").
Research Conclusions (para 5) Negative Impact ·Gendering products may perpetuate harmful stereotypes (e.g., male dominance, female passivity). Positive Potential ·Anthropomorphism can 7. challenge stereotypes (e.g., male nursing robots, female calculation robots). Future Outlook ·Designing tech with non-traditional gender roles could reshape perceptions.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless
A. To reduce stereotypes. 原词复现 同义替换 B. To meet public demand.
C. To cut production costs. D. To encourage competition.
33. What were the participants probably asked to do in the study
A. Design a product. B. Respond to a survey. 同义替换
C. Work as assistants. D. Take a language test.
34. Why is it difficult to create genderless objects
A. They cannot be mass-produced. B. Naming them is a challenging task.
C. People assume they are unreliable. D. Gender is rooted in people’s mind. 同义替换
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A. The quality of genderless products. B. The upside of gendering a product. 同义替换
C. The meaning of anthropomorphism. D. The stereotypes of men and women.
答案：ABDB
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. 解决
(2) Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.” 自动驾驶的
(3) Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” 一线希望
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics. (para1, the fourth sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。As引导方式状语从句，gender是主句的主语，is是谓语，people form connections with objects是省略that的定语从句，修饰ways。
翻译：然而正如马丁在她的研究中发现的那样，性别是人们与物体建立联系的基本方式之一，尤其是对那些具有人类特征的物体而言。
(2) While some might argue that gendering technology is harmless — pointing to how people name their cars or assign genders to fictional characters — research suggests these attributions can shape perceptions in ways that reinforce real-world stereotypes. (para5, the third sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。While引导让步状语从句，research是主句的主语，suggests是主句的
谓语，in ways that reinforce real-world stereotypes是that引导的定语从句。
翻译：尽管有人可能认为技术性别化是无害的——比如人们会给汽车取名或为虚构角色分配性别——但研究表明，这些属性归类会以强化现实世界刻板印象的方式影响认知。
Passage two【2024年新高考I卷D篇】
①In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Q32 Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
② “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. Q33 “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable ”
③Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
④Q34 “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
⑤Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
⑥What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
⑦“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. Q35 “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
Digital biodiversity records are biased but can be improved with better sampling and expert checks.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Research Finding (Para1) Digital biodiversity records are useful but biased, limiting their accuracy for studying global species patterns.
Research Process (Para2-5) Background Rise of citizen science and mobile apps for species documentation. Goal Test if observational data reliably represent biodiversity. Method Analyzed 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals. Key Focus Identified biases (e.g., preference for eye-catching species, regional gaps). Result Observational data is uneven and lacks global coverage.
Research Conclusion (Para6-7) Solution Apps should guide users to undersampled areas/species + expert verification. Significance/Impact Improves data quality for studying species’ responses to environmental changes.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What do we know about the records of species collected now
A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. 简化合并
C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition.
33. What does Daru’s study focus on
A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens.
C. Observational data. 原词复现 D. Mobile applications.
34. What has led to the biases according to the study
A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling.原词复现 D. Unreliable data collection devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps
A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 同义替换
答案：BCCD
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并 ⑤正话反说
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. 非专业科学家
(2) Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places —and even species—that are not well-sampled. 过度采样
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) "With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application," said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. (para2, the first sentence)
分析：这是一个复合句，it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application是这个复合句中的主句。With the rise of technology作伴随状语。who is lead author...Sciences是非限制性定语从句，修饰Barnabas Daru。
翻译："随着科技的发展，人们可以轻松地借助移动应用程序来观察不同物种，"该研究的首席作者、斯坦福大学人文与科学学院生物学助理教授巴纳巴斯·达鲁说道。
(2) Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. (para5, the first sentence)
分析：本句由两个用moreover连接的完整句子组成。第一句是宾语从句，Their study revealed是主句，
that the large number...global coverage是由that引导的宾语从句，第二句包含并列谓语are biased
and favor。
翻译：他们的研究表明，仅靠大量观察记录并不能提升全球物种覆盖的全面性。更值得注意的是，这些数据存在偏差，会偏向某些特定地区、时间段和物种。
Passage three【2024年浙江1月卷D篇】
①The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Q32 Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
②Q35 As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
③We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. Q33 But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
④A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Q34 Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The article compares our temptation by digital distractions to kids resisting marshmallows, showing why we must control both food and information intake wisely.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Research Finding (Para2) Key discovery The Stanford marshmallow test revealed a link between childhood delayed gratification and later-life success. Modern parallel Adults now face a version of this test with digital devices/ information overload.
Research Process (Paras1、3、4) Background Original experiment (1960s): Children (4–6 years) offered one treat; waiting 15 minutes earned a second. Principle Caloric temptation: Brains reward sugary foods due to ancestral calorie scarcity (evolutionary mismatch). Information temptation: Brains crave new information (ancestral scarcity), but modern tech bombards us excessively. Method/Data Observation: Modern environments exploit outdated neural mechanisms (e.g., junk food and "mental junk food").
Research Conclusion (Para4) Impact/Significance Self-control is critical for managing modern temptations (food and information). Future Direction Need for mindful consumption ("resist mental junk food").
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test
A. Take an examination alone. B. Show respect for the researchers.
C. Share their treats with others. D. Delay eating for fifteen minutes.同义替换 原词复现
33. According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________.
A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains 同义替换
D. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
34. What does the author suggest readers do
A. Absorb new information readily. B. Be selective information consumers. 同义替换
C. Use diverse information sources. D. Protect the information environment.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Eat Less, Read More B. The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C. The Later, the Better D. The Marshmallow Test for Grownups 简化合并
答案：DCBD
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. 零食
(2) Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption. 摄入
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. (para4, the second sentence)
分析：这是一个so连接的并列复合句，so表示结果关系，后一个分句中that prized new information是定语从句，修饰mechanism。
翻译：我们作为一个物种，其成长环境曾极度缺乏信息，因此大脑进化出了珍视新信息的机制。
(2) We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction. (para3, the first sentence)
分析：本句是一个并列复合句, because引导一个原因状语从句, and 连接的并列句包含由that 引导的
定语从句，修饰 response mechanism。
翻译：我们之所以受甜食诱惑，是因为祖先生活在热量匮乏的环境中，大脑因此进化出了一套对这些食物的反应机制——一种能体现其价值的奖励感和满足感。
语篇相关话题词汇梳理
试题 子话题词汇
科学技术 科学精神 信息安全
设计与技术 技术应用 心理研究 数据记录 数据偏差 现代诱惑 信息环境
2025浙江 1月卷D篇 anthropomorphism 拟人化 gendered objects 性别化对象 genderless 无性别的 human characteristics 人类特征 digital voice assistant 数字语音助手 self-driving car 自动驾驶汽车 male/female versions 男性/女性版本 stereotype-inconsistent roles 与刻板印象不一致的角色 marketing 市场营销 leadership positions 领导职位 attachment 依恋感 stereotypes 刻板印象competitiveness 竞争性 dominance 支配性 power and identity 权力与身份 study 研究 participants 参与者 rating 评分 traditional stereotyping 传统刻板印象 assigned gender 被赋予的性别 purchasing interest 购买兴趣 product gendering 产品性别化 humanlike qualities 类人特质 social change 社会变革
2024新高考I卷D篇 mobile application 移动应用 biodiversity apps 生物多样性应用 digital records 数字记录 citizen scientists 公民科学家 expert confirmation 专家确认 global dataset 全球数据集 biodiversity records 生物多样性记录 observational data 观测数据 physical specimens 物理标本 photos/videos 照片/视频 biased data 有偏差的数据 oversampled areas 过度采样区域 under-sampled species 采样不足的物种 sampling bias 采样偏差 eye-catching features 吸引眼球的特征 global change 全球变化 global coverage 全球覆盖 imperfect datasets 不完美的数据集
2024浙江 1月卷D篇 computers 电脑 phones 手机 tablets 平板电脑 global delivery system 全球信息传递系统 Stanford marshmallow test 斯坦福棉花糖实验 delayed gratification 延迟满足 response mechanism 反应机制 reward and satisfaction 奖励与满足感 temptation 诱惑 mental "junk food" 精神"垃圾食品" follow-up studies 跟踪研究 mismatch 不匹配 sugary treats 甜食 tempting foods 诱人的食物 calorie consumption 热量摄入 information consumption 信息消费 information-poor environment 信息匮乏环境 global connectivity 全球互联 ceaselessly bombarded 无休止的轰炸 time management 时间管理
人教版教材相关话题词汇梳理
教材 单元 子话题词汇
科学技术 科学精神 信息安全
设计与技术 技术应用 心理研究 数据记录 数据偏差 现代诱惑 信息环境
选择性必修一 Unit 2 Looking into the future smart homes 智能家居 integrated sensors 集成传感器 automatic control 自动控制 voice commands 语音指令 smart toilets 智能马桶 intelligent controls 智能控制 driverless cars 无人驾驶汽车 AI designer AI设计师 weather-tracking computer programmes 天气追踪计算机程序 energy-efficient mode 节能模式 remote controls 遥控器 health monitoring 健康监测 leak detection 泄漏检测 short circuit detection 短路检测 health monitor 健康监测器 social media network 社交媒体网络 daily routine and preferences 日常习惯和偏好 quality of life 生活质量 scary prospect 可怕的未来 positive side of change 变革的积极面 sleep records 睡眠记录 body weight tracking 体重追踪 health data 健康数据 accident reports 事故报告 luxuries 奢侈品 lives of the rich and famous 富豪名人生活 technological advances 技术进步 warning notifications 预警通知 real-time monitoring 实时监测 system alerts 系统警报 Internet 互联网 social media 社交媒体 natural disaster warnings 自然灾害预警
教材 单元 子话题词汇
科学技术 科学精神 信息安全
设计与技术 技术应用 心理研究 数据记录 数据偏差 现代诱惑 信息环境
选择性 必修二 Unit 1 Science and scientists rocket propulsion 火箭推进 jet technology 喷气技术 missile programme 导弹计划 satellite technology 卫星技术 Space -exploration 太空探索 wheelchair technology 轮椅技术 computer-assisted communication 计算机辅助交流 epidemiology 流行病学 water treatment 水处理 disease investigation 疾病调查 aerospace science 航天科学 rocket science 火箭科学 big bang theory 大爆炸理论 steady state theory 稳态理论 scientific spirit 科学精神 patriotism 爱国主义 determination 决心 creativity 创造力 abstract thought 抽象思维 bravery 勇敢 willingness to admit faults 承认错误的意愿 death records 死亡记录 case investigation 病例调查 outbreak statistics 疫情统计数据 water source data 水源数据 astronomical observations 天文观测 mathematical calculations 数学计算 contradictory theories 矛盾的理论 false assumptions 错误假设 correlation vs causation 相关性与因果关系 scientific debate 科学辩论 public health announcements 公共卫生公告 disease prevention knowledge 疾病预防知识 scientific communication 科学传播 frontier science research 前沿科学研究 academic exchange 学术交流
Writing
你校计划举办 “校园科技节”，旨在激发学生对科技的兴趣。请你以学生李华的身份，给科技节组委会写一封建议信，内容需包括：
1. 推荐一项适合展示的科技成果（如 “自动驾驶汽车”“智能家居” 等）；
2. 说明推荐理由（可涉及技术应用、对生活的影响等）；
3. 提出1-2项相关互动活动建议。
注意：
1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Sample 1
Dear Organizing Committee,
I am writing to recommend self-driving cars as a highlight for the upcoming Science Festival. (开篇点明推荐主题)
Equipped with AI designers and integrated sensors, these vehicles represent cutting-edge technology that could revolutionize transportation. (用非谓语结构介绍技术特点) What makes them truly impressive is their ability to reduce accidents through automatic control, significantly improving road safety. (特殊句式强调优势)
To engage students, I suggest organizing a simulated ride experience, allowing participants to observe how the car responds to voice commands. (提出互动建议1) Additionally, a debate on "Traditional Cars vs. Self-Driving Cars" would spark discussions about technological advances and social changes. (互动建议2)
I believe this showcase would inspire everyone. (总结句)
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
(98 words)
Sample 2
Dear Organizing Committee,
I am writing to recommend autonomous vehicles as a highlight for the upcoming Campus Science Festival. (开篇点明推荐对象)
Self-driving cars, integrating advanced technologies like AI designers and integrated sensors, represent the cutting edge of modern transportation. (介绍技术特点，使用分词短语作定语) Their ability to operate without human intervention not only enhances road safety by reducing accidents caused by human error but also optimizes traffic flow through automatic control. (说明技术优势，使用not only...but also...并列结构) Imagine students experiencing a short ride in a prototype, witnessing how voice commands guide the vehicle—this would spark their curiosity about artificial intelligence. (提出互动建议，使用现在分词短语作伴随状语)
Additionally, hosting a Q&A session with engineers would allow participants to explore topics like energy-efficient modes and social impacts, deepening their understanding of technological advances. (补充互动建议，使用现在分词作结果状语) Such activities align perfectly with the festival’s goal of inspiring scientific interest. (总结意义，使用主系表结构)
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
(124 words)
选择性必修一 Unit 2 Looking into the future
选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and scientists人与社会—科学与技术 “研究发现型”说明文（学生版）
“研究发现型”说明文基本结构: 研究发现—研究过程（背景、目标、对象、原理、方法、数据、
结果……）—研究结论 (前景、影响、意义、评价、未来方向、不足……)
Passage one【2025年浙江1月卷D篇】
①As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless. “People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics.
②In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.” It was found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices.
③While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender.
④Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she”.
⑤Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles — a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
Gendered tech user connection but may strengthen , while neutral designs fail.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Research Findings (para ) Main Finding ·Gendering technology products 1. __________ user attachment and purchase interest. Contradiction ·While 2. __________ gender seems like a solution to stereotypes, people naturally 3. __________ gender to objects. Potential Issue ·Gendering may 4. __________ outdated stereotypes about power and identity.
Research Process (para ) Background ·Growing trend toward genderless tech due to concerns about stereotyping. Objective ·Examine how gender affects human-device connections. Subjects ·Participants 5. __________ digital voice assistants and self-driving cars ("Miuu"). Method Comparing attachment and purchase likelihood for male, female, and genderless versions. Results ·Users felt more attached to gendered devices. ·Genderless versions were 6. __________ appealing. ·People still assigned gender even to neutral names (e.g., "Miuu").
Research Conclusions (para ) Negative Impact ·Gendering products may perpetuate harmful stereotypes (e.g., male dominance, female passivity). Positive Potential ·Anthropomorphism can 7. __________ stereotypes (e.g., male nursing robots, female calculation robots). Future Outlook ·Designing tech with non-traditional gender roles could reshape perceptions.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless
A. To reduce stereotypes. B. To meet public demand.
C. To cut production costs. D. To encourage competition.
33. What were the participants probably asked to do in the study
A. Design a product. B. Respond to a survey.
C. Work as assistants. D. Take a language test.
34. Why is it difficult to create genderless objects
A. They cannot be mass-produced. B. Naming them is a challenging task.
C. People assume they are unreliable. D. Gender is rooted in people’s mind.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A. The quality of genderless products. B. The upside of gendering a product.
C. The meaning of anthropomorphism. D. The stereotypes of men and women.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this.
(2) Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.”
(3) Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism “provides an opportunity to
change stereotypes.”
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics. (para1, the fourth sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。As引导 ，gender是主句的 ，is是 ，people form connections with objects是省略that的 ，修饰 。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) While some might argue that gendering technology is harmless—pointing to how people name their cars or assign genders to fictional characters—research suggests these attributions can shape perceptions in ways that reinforce real-world stereotypes. (para5, the third sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。While引导 ，research是主句的 ， 是
主句的谓语，in ways that reinforce real-world stereotypes是that引导的 。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Passage two【2024年新高考I卷D篇】
①In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
② “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable ”
③Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
④“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
⑤Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
⑥What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
⑦“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
Digital biodiversity records are but can be with better sampling and expert checks.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Research Finding (Para ) Digital biodiversity records are 1. but 2. , limiting their accuracy for studying global species patterns.
Research Process (Para ) Background Rise of citizen science and mobile apps for species documentation. Goal Test if observational data 3. represent biodiversity. Method 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals. Key Focus Identified biases (e.g., preference for eye-catching species, regional gaps). Result Observational data is uneven and lacks .
Research Conclusion (Para ) Solution Apps should 5. users to undersampled areas/species + expert verification. Significance/Impact Improves data quality for studying species’ responses to environmental changes.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What do we know about the records of species collected now
A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form.
C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition.
33. What does Daru’s study focus on
A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens.
C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications.
34. What has led to the biases according to the study
A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps
A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.
(2) Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places —and even species—that are not well-sampled.
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) "With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application," said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. (para2, the first sentence)
分析：这是一个复合句，it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application是这个复合句中的 。With the rise of technology作 。who is lead author...Sciences是 ，修饰________________。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. (para5, the first sentence)
分析：本句由两个用moreover连接的完整句子组成。第一句是宾语从句，Their study revealed是 ，
that the large number...global coverage是由 引导的 ，第二句包含并列谓语
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Passage three【2024年浙江1月卷D篇】
①The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
②As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
③We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
④A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The article compares our temptation by digital distractions to kids resisting , showing why we must control both and intake wisely.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Research Finding (Para ) Key discovery The Stanford marshmallow test 1. a link between childhood delayed gratification and later-life success. Modern parallel now face a version of this test with digital devices/ information overload.
Research Process (Paras ) Background Original experiment (1960s): Children (4–6years) offered one treat; waiting earned a second. Principle Caloric temptation: Brains reward sugary foods due to ancestral calorie scarcity (evolutionary mismatch). Information temptation: Brains crave new information (ancestral scarcity), but modern tech bombards us excessively. Method/Data Observation: Modern environments exploit outdated neural mechanisms (e.g. junk food and "mental junk food").
Research Conclusion (Para ) Impact/Significance is critical for managing modern temptations (food and information). Future Direction Need for 4. consumption ("resist mental junk food").
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test
A. Take an examination alone. B. Show respect for the researchers.
C. Share their treats with others. D. Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
33. According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________.
A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
34. What does the author suggest readers do
A. Absorb new information readily. B. Be selective information consumers.
C. Use diverse information sources. D. Protect the information environment.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Eat Less, Read More B. The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C. The Later, the Better D. The Marshmallow Test for Grownups
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table.
(2) Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption.
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. (para4, the second sentence)
分析：这是一个so连接的并列复合句，so表示____关系，后一个分句中that prized new information
是 _____从句，修饰___________。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction. (para3, the first sentence)
分析：本句是一个并列复合句, because引导一个________________, and 连接的并列句包含由that 引
导的__________，修饰 __________________。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
语篇相关话题词汇梳理
词汇 子话题词汇
科学技术 科学精神 信息安全
设计与技术 技术应用 心理研究 数据记录 数据偏差 现代诱惑 信息环境
试题词汇
教材词汇
Writing
你校计划举办 “校园科技节”，旨在激发学生对科技的兴趣。请你以学生李华的身份，给科技节组委会写一封建议信，内容需包括：
1. 推荐一项适合展示的科技成果（如 “自动驾驶汽车”“智能家居” 等）；
2. 说明推荐理由（可涉及技术应用、对生活的影响等）；
3. 提出1-2项相关互动活动建议。
注意：
1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Organizing Committee,
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
