人与社会—社会服务与人际沟通 “话题型”说明文（教师版）
“话题型”说明文基本结构: 引出话题—解释话题—拓展话题
语篇分析
试题来源 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
2025年八省联考卷 C篇 城市社区规划理念 28. 细节理解题 Para. 1 situation
29. 细节理解题 Para. 2 solution
30. 细节理解题 Para. 3 solution
31. 推理判断题 Para. 5 result
语篇意义
本文介绍了Jane Jacobs对成功城市社区的核心理念，强调人际互动、社区自治、街道设计、空间多样性和高密度人口对城市活力的重要作用。阅读这篇文章，学生将在多个方面得到能力的提升： 1. 信息获取与理解能力 学生能够从文中提取Jacobs对城市社区的核心观点，如人际互动的重要性、社区自治的主张、街道设计的具体建议等，理解其与传统城市规划理念的对比。 2. 批判性思维能力 学生可通过对比Jacobs的理念与常规城市规划方法（如专家主导、功能分区等），分析其优劣，培养对城市发展模式的多元思考。 3. 社会意识与责任感 文章强调居民在城市建设中的主体作用，有助于学生认识到公民参与和社会互动在城市发展中的重要性，增强社区归属感和社会责任感。 4. 逻辑推理能力 学生需理解各段落之间的逻辑推进关系：从提出理念到分析主体，再到具体设计建议，最后总结高密度社区的优势，训练整体把握文章结构的能力。 5. 语言运用与表达能力： 文章使用对比结构、抽象与具象结合的表达方式，学生可学习如何用英语阐述复杂的城市社会理念，积累如“organic beings”、“mixed-use”、“eyes on the street”等地道表达。
2024年新高考II卷 B篇 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
公共交通服务创新 24. 细节理解题 Para. 1、2 purpose
25. 细节理解题 Para. 3 classification
26. 细节理解题 Para. 4 action
27. 观点态度题 Para. 7-8 opinion
语篇意义
本文介绍了旧金山湾区捷运系统（BART）一项创新的服务——故事打印亭，旨在为乘客提供便捷的阅读体验，并通过举办征文比赛连接本地作家与乘客，最终提升公共交通的吸引力。阅读这篇文章，学生将在多个方面得到能力的提升 1. 信息提取与理解能力 学生能够从文中提取关于故事亭服务的关键信息，如其操作流程（选择故事时长、打印收据式故事）、内容来源（经典故事与原创作品）、以及项目背后的目的（改善乘客体验、提升客流量）。 2. 批判性思维能力 文章隐含了公共交通系统普遍面临的客流下降问题，并提出了一个创新的解决方案。学生可以思考“文化服务”是否能够以及如何成为解决“交通运营”问题的有效手段，评估该项目的可行性和潜在影响。 3. 社会意识与责任感 通过BART将本地艺术家与社区连接起来的举措，学生可以认识到企业或机构在促进社区文化发展、支持本土艺术方面所能承担的社会责任。这有助于培养其社区参与感和文化支持意识。 4. 逻辑推理能力 文章结构清晰，遵循了“提出现象—介绍方案—阐述扩展—点明意义”的逻辑。学生需要理解故事亭项目从满足个体需求（解决无书可读）到实现更大目标（提升系统客流量）之间的逻辑推进关系。 5. 语言运用与表达能力 文章包含大量关于服务、创新和文化活动的词汇（如：kiosk, program, launched, original works, call to artists, contest, submissions, published, rider experience），学生可以积累这些表达，学习如何用英语描述一个社会创新项目。引语的使用也为学生提供了学习如何引用他人观点来支持论述的范例。
2024年九省联考卷 C篇 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
人际沟通与思维模式 28. 观点态度题 Para. 1 opinion
29. 细节理解题 Para. 2 reason
30. 词义猜测题 Para. 3 vocabulary
31. 推理判断题 Para. 4 main idea
语篇意义
本文批判了戴尔·卡内基将“争论”视为应避免的争斗或竞赛的观点，并重新定义了“争论”的本质和“赢”的含义，提出争论应是一种理性的、旨在增进相互理解和尊重的交流方式。阅读这篇文章，学生将在多个方面得到能力的提升： 1. 信息提取与整合能力 学生能够识别并理解文中对比的两种观点：卡内基对争论的传统消极看法（应避免的争斗）与作者提出的积极看法（理性的交流）。学生能提取作者提出的“赢得争论”的具体方法（阐述、评估、倾听）。 2. 批判性思维能力 文章要求学生评估一个广为接受的观点的有效性。学生需要分析卡内基观点的前提（争论=打架）是否成立，并评判作者提出的替代框架（争论=理性交流）是否更有说服力。这训练了学生分析假设、评估论证和构建替代方案的高阶思维技能。 3. 人际沟通与社会意识 本文的核心是探讨如何建设性地处理分歧。它教导学生，分歧和争论并非总是破坏性的，而是可以成为深化相互理解、尊重和合作的契机。这有助于培养学生有效沟通、换位思考以及与他人协作解决问题的能力，这些都是重要的社会情感技能。 4. 逻辑推理能力 文章结构呈现清晰的“驳论-立论”逻辑：首先提出并反驳一个错误观点，然后论证并确立一个正确观点。学生需要跟踪这种逻辑脉络，理解作者如何通过类比（打架、网球赛）来解构旧观点，并通过提出方法和重新定义核心概念（“赢”）来建立新观点。 5. 语言运用与表达能力 文章涉及如何讨论“讨论”本身，包含丰富的抽象词汇和表达（distaste, mistaken view, verbal fights, reasoned exchange, gain respect, readjust our view）。学生可以学习如何用英语精准地表达复杂的思维模式和互动过程。
Passage one【2025年八省联考卷C篇】
①Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city – in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community. At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair, whereby people are able to Q28interact with one another in dense (稠密) and exciting urban environments. She prefers disorder to order, walking to driving, and diversity to uniformity.
②For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials.Q29 The best judges of how a city should be - and how it should develop - are the local residents themselves. Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions, because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions.
③Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community, especially the sidewalks.Q30 The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better.
④Diversity and mixed-use of space are also, for Jacobs, key elements of this urban form. The commercial, business, and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side, to allow for greater integration of people. There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings, and people's interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused.
⑤Finally, urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live, work, and interact. Such high-density spaces are, she feels, engines of creativity and vitality. Q31They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”: shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
Jane Jacobs advocates for vibrant, interactive, and organically evolving urban communities where social interaction, resident autonomy, and diverse, dense environments are central to successful city life.
2. Complete the structure of the passage.
Topic: urban community
Part 1 (Para 1) Introducing the Topic
Jane Jacobs’vision of successful urban communities: energetic, interactive, and diverse.
Part 2 (Para 2-4) Explaining the Topic
Principles Communities are organic; best judged and developed by local residents, not experts.
Sidewalks are crucial. Tightly connected sidewalks facilitate encounters and strengthen community.
Diversity (of use, building age) and integration (not separation) of functions are key.
Part 3 (Para 5)
Expanding the Topic
Benefits of high-density living: creativity, vitality, and safety through "eyes on the street."
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community
A. Efficient public transport. B. Strong interaction between people. 同义替换
C. Uniform style of buildings. D. A comparatively large population.
29. Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development
A. Local residents. 原词复现 B. Government officials.
C. City planners. D. Construction workers.
30. How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built
A. Lined with plants. B. Painted with clear signs.
C. Tightly connected. 原词复现，简化合并 D. Convenient for the old.
31. According to Jacobs, the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of _______.
A. pride B. comfort C. security 同义替换 D. urgency
答案：BACC
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city – in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community. 促进
(2) Such high-density spaces are, she feels, engines of creativity and vitality. 引擎，动力源（比喻）
(3) For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials. 有机的生命体
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials. (para2, the first sentence)
分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句: "urban communities are organic beings""that" 引导一个定语从句，修饰 "organic beings"。定语从句中包含两个并列的被动语态结构："should be left to grow..." and "(should) not be subject to..."。"be subject to" 是一个重要短语，意为“受支配于，服从于”。
翻译：对雅各布斯而言，城市社区是有机的生命体，应该让它们自行生长和变化，而不是服从于所谓专家和官员的宏伟计划。
(2) They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more 'eyes on the street': shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood. (para4, the last sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。包含一个由 "because" 引导的原因状语从句。"because the higher
density means..." 本身又包含一个由 "that" 引导的宾语从句 ("that there are more 'eyes on the
street'")，作 "means" 的宾语。冒号 ":" 后面的内容 "shopkeepers and locals..." 是对 "'eyes on
the street'" 的同位语解释。"who" 引导一个定语从句，修饰 "shopkeepers and locals"。
翻译：它们（高密度空间）也是安全的场所，因为更高的人口密度意味着有更多的“街道眼”：即熟
悉该地区并对社区保持密切关注的店主和当地人
Passage two【2024年新高考II卷B篇】
①Q24Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all
have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
②Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
③“You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. Q25“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
④It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
⑤Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. Q26“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”
⑥Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit
⑦Trost thinks so.
⑧“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. Q27So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.
⑨And you’ll never be without something to read.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The passage introduces BART's innovative story kiosk program, which provides printed short stories to riders to enhance their experience, support local artists, and potentially increase ridership.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Topic: Improving Public Transit Experience
Part 1 (Para [1-2]) Introducing the Topic
Presenting a common scenario (forgetting something to read) and introducing BART's solution: a story kiosk.
Part 2 (Para [3-4]) Explaining the Solution
Describing how the kiosk works (selecting by length, printing stories) and its popularity.
Part 3 (Para [5]) Expanding the Solution
Extending the program to include local writers through a story contest.
Part 4 (Para [6-9]) Stating the Purpose and Vision
Linking the program to the broader goal of improving rider experience and increasing transit ridership.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
24. Why did BART start the kiosk program
A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use.
C. To meet passengers’ needs. 同义替换 D. To reduce its running costs.
25. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk
A. By popularity. B. By length. 原词复现
C. By theme. D. By language.
26. What has Trost been doing recently
A. Organizing a story contest. 简化合并 B. Doing a survey of customers.
C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists.
27. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future
A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline.
C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase. 词类转换
答案：CBAD
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并 ⑤正话反说
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. 老派
(2) Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. 启动
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,”
Trost says. (para2, the first sentence)
分析：本句包含一个由where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词something。定语从句中to submit stories for a contest是目的状语。
翻译：“我们想做一些事情，借此呼吁湾区的艺术家们提交作品来参加一个比赛，”特罗斯特说。
Passage three【2024年九省联考卷C篇】
①In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” Q28This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
②Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied.Q29 Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.
③However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and Q30spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it.
④These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents Q31but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The author challenges the common negative perception of arguments (as fights to be avoided) and redefines them as reasoned exchanges aimed at mutual understanding and respect, thereby proposing a new and more constructive way to "win" them.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Topic: Redefining Arguments: From Fights to Reasoned Exchange
Part 1 (Para 1) View to Criticize
Carnegie's view: Avoid arguments
· Author's view: A mistaken view
Part 2 (Para 2) Why people avoid arguments
· Viewed as fights or competitions
· Feel bad even if you win
· Outcome: Avoidance
Part 3 (Para 3) How to argue constructively
· Formulate your argument
· Ask opponent to spell out theirs
· Assess strength & weakness
· Raise objections & listen
Part 4 (Para 4) Redefining "Winning"
· Win = Learn, understand, cooperate
· New view: Reasoned exchange
· Gain respect and understanding
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument
A. Critical. 同义替换 B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain.
29. Why do many people try to avoid arguments
A. They lack debating skills. B. They may feel bad even if they win. 同义替换
C. They fear being ignored. D. They are not confident in themselves.
30. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Defend. B. Explain. 同义替换 C. Conclude. D. Repeat.
31. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author
A. Sense of logic. B. Solid supporting evidence.
C. Proper manners. D. Understanding from both sides. 原词复现，同义替换
答案：ABBD
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives 厌恶
(2) If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other 理性的交流
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through
which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it
means to “win” an argument. (para1, the first sentence)
分析：这是一个主从复合句。If引导条件状语从句。破折号中间的内容from... to...是插入语，具体说明readjust的方向。through which引导定语从句，修饰reasoned exchange。what it means to “win” an argument是宾语从句，作of的宾语。
翻译：如果我们将对争论的看法重新调整——从视其为言语争斗或网球比赛，转变为一种能让我们彼此获得尊重和理解的理性交流——那么我们就改变了“赢”一场争论的本质。
语篇相关话题词汇梳理
试题 子话题词汇
城市社区与居民主体 人际互动与社区联结 城市空间与交互配置
社区空间载体 交互核心主体 互动行为与方式 互动价值与功能 基础空间设施 交互功能与多样性
2024年九省联考卷C篇 urban community 城市社区 neighbourhood 街区 / 社区 dense/exciting urban environments 稠密 / 充满活力的城市环境 local residents 当地居民 neighbours 邻居 people 城市居民，特指参与社区互动的人群 interact with one another 彼此互动 encounters 偶遇 / 互动 sustain city life 维系城市生活 greater integration of people 更深度的人群融合 energetic and rich urban life 充满活力且丰富的城市生活 Sidewalks 人行道 built form 城市建筑形态 high-density spaces 高密度空间 mixed-use of space 空间混合利用 commercial elements 商业元素 business elements 商务元素 residential elements 居住元素 diversity of old and new buildings 新旧建筑多样性
2024年新高考II卷
B篇 train station火车站San Francisco Bay Area旧金山湾区BART San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit旧金山湾区捷运系统 fare gates检票口kiosk小亭 / 短篇故事服务亭 transit systems交通系统 riders乘客 local writers 当地作家 agencies交通机构 call to artists向艺术家征集作品story contest 故事征集比赛submissions 投稿作品 receipt-like short story 收据式短篇故事 new original works新原创作品 get a story 领取故事 choose which length 选择故事时长 submit stories 提交故事 / 投稿improve the rider experience 提升乘客体验 Kiosk 带照明的服务亭 printed something 印刷品，服务核心载体 Choose story length 选择时长的交互功能 submit stories for a contest 投稿参赛的内容补充功能 winning stories go into kiosk 获奖故事纳入服务库的更新功能
2024年九省联考卷C篇 personal lives个人生活场景 social lives社会生活场景 verbal exchanges 言语交流场景，特指论证发生的沟通场景 someone who takes a stand 持有立场的沟通对象 opponents论证中的观点对立者 avoid an argument回避论证 state your position阐述立场formulate an argument 构建论证 spell out their argument fully 完整阐述论证 raise objections 提出异议 problems for personal and social lives 个人和社会生活的问题 no better off 没有好转 gain respect and understanding 获得尊重与理解 win an argument赢得论证 assess strength and weakness 评估利弊
人教版教材相关话题词汇梳理
教材 单元 子话题词汇
城市社区与居民主体 人际互动与社区联结 城市空间与交互配置
社区空间载体 交互核心主体 互动行为与 方式 互动价值与功能 基础空间 设施 交互功能与 多样性
选择性 必修一 Unit1 People of Achievement China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine 中国中医科学院 Hainan海南 Beijing 北京 Peking University Medical School 北京大学医学院 a team of scientists 科学家团队 researchers 研究人员 malaria patients 疟疾患者 team members 团队成员 all the people of my country 全国人民 study malaria patients 研究疟疾患者 review ancient Chinese medical texts 查阅古代中医文献 examine medical texts 研究医学文献 evaluate plants 评估植物 test treatments 测试疗法 test on themselves 自身试药 test on patients 患者临床试验 discover a new treatment 发现新疗法 save lives 拯救生命 became a standard treatment 成为标准疗法 prove the great value of traditional Chinese medicine 证明中医的巨大价值 spread around the world 传播到全世界 medical texts 医学文献 botanical treatments 植物疗法 extract 提取物 substance 物质 medicine 药物 committed and patient scientist 坚定且耐心的科学家 objective 目标 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments 不同的中医古法 lower temperature 更低的温度 team effort 团队努力 scientific research 科学研究
选择性 必修一 Unit 5 Working the Land Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing 重庆西南农学院 fields 农田 salty land 盐碱地 farmers 农民 a researcher 研究员 Chinese farmers 中国农民 scientists 科学家 India and Vietnam 印度和越南 a man of the soil 泥土之人 works the land 耕种土地 pursue a career 追求职业 study agriculture 学习农业 received an education 接受教育 boost yields 提高产量 develop a hybrid 研发杂交品种 expand their output 扩大产量 make large donations 大额捐赠 support agricultural research 支持农业研究 fulfill his dreams 实现梦想 dream up next 构思下一步 devoted his life to 奉献一生 tackle this crisis 解决危机 receive numerous awards 获得众多奖项 opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land 开辟近百万平方公里盐碱地 hybrid rice 杂交水稻 conventional crops 传统作物 self-pollinating plants 自花授粉植物 technical difficulties 技术难题 hybrid strains 杂交品种 output 产量 seawater rice 海水稻 slim but strong body 清瘦但强壮的身体 larger fields 更大的田地 higher yield 更高产量 intense effort 巨大努力 invaluable contributions 宝贵贡献 life of leisure 休闲生活 celebrity or money 名誉或金钱 ongoing ability 持续的能力 young at heart 心态年轻 full of vision 充满远见
Writing
假定你是李华，你校英文报正在举办以“What can our senior high school students do for the society ”为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 高中生参与社会服务的意义；
2. 可能面临的挑战；
3. 你的建议。
Sample 1
What Can We Do for Society
As senior high school students, we can contribute to society in meaningful ways. （观点提出：总论点）For example, volunteering at local nursing homes or organizing community clean-ups not only helps those in need but also fosters our sense of responsibility. （分论点 1：具体行动案例，举例说明类）Such activities allow us to apply our knowledge and skills to real-world problems, making a direct positive impact. （分论点 2：实际价值，因果分析类）
However, challenges do exist. （过渡句）Heavy academic workloads may leave us with limited time for social activities. （分论点 3：时间约束，问题说明类）Additionally, some students might lack the experience or confidence to take initiative. （分论点 4：能力不足，递进说明类）
To overcome these barriers, I recommend starting with small, manageable projects. （对策 1：具体行动，建议类）Schools should also encourage student-led initiatives and provide necessary support. （对策 2：制度支持，建议类）By taking action step by step, we can grow into active and caring citizens. （结论：呼吁参与，展望类）
(102 words)
Sample 2
What Can We Do for Society
Senior high school students possess the energy and creativity to bring positive changes to society. （观点提出：总论点）By tutoring younger students or promoting environmental awareness campaigns, we can address educational and ecological issues effectively. （分论点 1：具体场景应用，举例说明类）Furthermore, using social media to raise funds for charitable causes demonstrates how technology can amplify our efforts. （分论点 2：创新方式，因果分析类）
Nevertheless, we may face obstacles such as a lack of resources or guidance. （过渡句）Without proper organization, our initiatives might not achieve desired outcomes. （分论点 3：资源限制，因果分析类）Some students struggle to balance social activities with academic demands. （分论点 4：时间管理，递进说明类）
To address these challenges, I suggest forming student clubs focused on social service. （对策 1：宏观建议，建议类）Teachers and community leaders can offer mentorship and resources. （对策 2：外部支持，建议类）It is also important to prioritize tasks and manage time wisely. （对策 3：个人行动，建议类）With determination and collaboration, we can make a significant difference. （结论：强调合作与努力，呼吁类）
(125 words)人与社会—社会服务与人际沟通“话题型”说明文（学生版）
“话题型”说明文基本结构: 引出话题—解释话题—拓展话题
Passage one【2025年八省联考卷C篇】
①Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city – in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community. At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair, whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense （稠密） and exciting urban environments. She prefers disorder to order, walking to driving, and diversity to uniformity.
②For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials.The best judges of how a city should be - and how it should develop - are the local residents themselves. Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions, because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions.
③Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community, especially the sidewalks.The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better.
④Diversity and mixed-use of space are also, for Jacobs, key elements of this urban form. The commercial, business, and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side, to allow for greater integration of people. There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings, and people's interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused.
⑤Finally, urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live, work, and interact. Such high-density spaces are, she feels, engines of creativity and vitality. They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”: shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
Jane Jacobs advocates for vibrant, interactive, and organically evolving ________________ where social interaction, resident autonomy, and diverse, dense environments are central to successful city life.
2. Complete the structure of the passage.
Topic: urban community
Part 1 (Para 1) Introducing the Topic
Jane Jacobs’vision of successful urban communities:_____________________________.
Part 2 (Para 2-4) Explaining the Topic
Principles 1. Communities are___________; best judged and developed by _____________, not experts.
2. ______________ are crucial. ______________ sidewalks facilitate encounters and strengthen community.
3. _______________ (of use, building age) and ______________ (not separation) of functions are key.
Part 3 (Para 5)
Expanding the Topic
Benefits of high-density living:__________________, and __________through "eyes on the street."
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community
A. Efficient public transport. B. Strong interaction between people.
C. Uniform style of buildings. D. A comparatively large population.
29. Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development
A. Local residents. B. Government officials.
C. City planners. D. Construction workers.
30. How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built
A. Lined with plants. B. Painted with clear signs.
C. Tightly connected. D. Convenient for the old.
31. According to Jacobs, the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of _______.
A. pride B. comfort C. security D. urgency
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city – in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community. ___________
(2) Such high-density spaces are, she feels, engines of creativity and vitality. ______________
(3) For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials. ______________
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials. (para2, the first sentence)
分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句: "urban communities are organic beings""that" 引导一个________，修饰 "organic beings"。定语从句中包含两个并列的被动语态结构："should be left to grow..." and "(should) not be subject to..."。"be subject to" 是一个重要短语，意为“___________________”。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more 'eyes on the street': shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood. (para4, the last sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。包含一个由 "because" 引导的______________。"because the higher
density means..." 本身又包含一个由 "that" 引导的____________ ("that there are more 'eyes on the street'")，作 "means" 的宾语。冒号 ":" 后面的内容 "shopkeepers and locals..." 是对 "'eyes on the street'" 的___________。"who" 引导一个_______，修饰 "shopkeepers and locals"。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Passage two【2024年新高考II卷B篇】
①Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all
have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
②Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
③“You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
④It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
⑤Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”
⑥Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit
⑦Trost thinks so.
⑧“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.
⑨And you’ll never be without something to read.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The passage introduces BART's innovative story kiosk program, which provides _________short stories to riders to enhance their experience, support local artists, and potentially increase ridership.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Topic: Improving 1. _______________ Experience
Part 1 (Para [1-2]) Introducing the Topic
Presenting a common scenario (forgetting something to read) and introducing BART's solution: a story kiosk.
Part 2 (Para [3-4]) Explaining the Solution
Describing how the kiosk works (selecting by 2. _______________) and its popularity.
Part 3 (Para [5]) Expanding the Solution
Extending the program to include local writers through 3. _____________
Part 4 (Para [6-9]) Stating the Purpose and Vision
Linking the program to the broader goal of improving rider experience and 4. ___________________
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
24. Why did BART start the kiosk program
A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use.
C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs.
25. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk
A. By popularity. B. By length.
C. By theme. D. By language.
26. What has Trost been doing recently
A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers.
C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists.
27. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future
A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline.
C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并 ⑤正话反说
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. _____
(2) Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. _________
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,”
Trost says. (para5, the second sentence)
分析：本句包含一个由where引导的___________，修饰先行词something。定语从句中to submit stories for a contest是___________。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Passage three【2024年九省联考卷C篇】
①In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
②Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.
③However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it.
④These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The author___________ the common negative perception of arguments (as fights to be avoided) and _______ them as ____________ aimed at mutual understanding and respect, thereby proposing a new and more constructive way to "win" them.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Topic: 1. _______________: From Fights to Reasoned Exchange
Part 1 (Para 1) View to Criticize
Carnegie's view: 2. _____________
· Author's view: 3. ________________
Part 2 (Para 2) Why people avoid arguments
· Viewed as fights or competitions
· 4. ___________even if you win
· Outcome: 5. _________________
Part 3 (Para 3) How to argue constructively
· 6. ______________ your argument
· Ask opponent to 7. ____________ theirs
· Assess strength & weakness
· Raise objections & listen
Part 4 (Para 4) Redefining "Winning"
· Win = 8. ___________________
· New view: Reasoned exchange
· Gain 9. _____________________
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument
A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain.
29. Why do many people try to avoid arguments
A. They lack debating skills. B. They may feel bad even if they win.
C. They fear being ignored. D. They are not confident in themselves.
30. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat.
31. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author
A. Sense of logic. B. Solid supporting evidence.
C. Proper manners. D. Understanding from both sides.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives ____________
(2) If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other _____________
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through
which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it
means to “win” an argument. (para1, the first sentence)
分析：这是一个主从复合句。If引导________________。破折号中间的内容from... to...是________，具体说明readjust的方向。through which引导__________，修饰reasoned exchange。what it means to “win” an argument是_____________，作of的宾语。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
语篇相关话题词汇梳理
词汇 子话题词汇
城市社区与居民主体 人际互动与社区联结 城市空间与交互配置
社区空间载体 交互核心主体 互动行为与方式 互动价值与功能 基础空间设施 互功能与多样性
试题词汇
教材词汇
Writing
假定你是李华，你校英文报正在举办以“What can our senior high school students do for the society ”为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 高中生参与社会服务的意义；
2. 可能面临的挑战；
3. 你的建议。
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
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