人与社会—社会服务与人际沟通“研究发现型”说明文（教师版）
“研究发现型”说明文基本结构: 问题提出—分析问题（因果）—研究结果呈现—结果分析讨论或研究结果延伸
语篇分析
试题来源 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
2024年九省联考D篇 幼儿社交发展 32.细节理解题 Para.2 behavior analysis
33.推理判断题 Para.3-4 parental guidance
34.语篇功能题 Para.4 discourse function
35.主旨大意题 全文 main idea
语篇意义
本文探讨了幼儿期友谊发展的重要性和特点，分析了幼儿特殊社交行为背后的心理机制，并提供了家长引导策略。阅读这篇文章，学生将在以下方面获得提升： 1. 发展心理学认知能力
学生能理解幼儿期社交行为的发展特征，如模仿行为与情感表达的关系，以及攻击性行为在社交学习中的正常性，建立对儿童发展阶段的科学认知。 2. 家庭教育策略应用能力
通过文中具体的家长引导方法（设定界限、情感引导、语言表达鼓励等），学生可以学习有效的幼儿社交能力培养策略，理解"解释-示范-强化"的教育逻辑。 3. 批判性思维能力 学生需要辨别幼儿表面负面行为（抢夺玩具）与实际社交学习需求之间的关系，培养透过现象看本质的思维习惯，理解儿童行为背后的发展需求。 文本分析能力 文章通过研究结论（俄亥俄州立大学发现）与生活实例（如玩具争抢场景）相结合的方式展开论述，帮助学生掌握"理论支撑+实例佐证"的文本组织方式。 语言运用能力 文中包含发展心理学专业术语（如temperament, empathy等）和生活化教育用语（如"use words-not fists"），有助于学生拓展学术与生活场景的表达能力。
2023年四省联考卷 D篇 斯坦福大学关于 “对话中的打断感知” 研究 32. 细节理解题 Para. 1-2 problem
33. 细节理解题 Para. 2 research
34. 细节理解题 Para. 3-4 finding
35. 推理判断题 全文 implication
语篇意义
本文围绕斯坦福大学Katherine Hilton的研究展开，核心内容是 “人们对‘打断’的感知受对话风格影响”，具体包括研究目的（探索打断的定义差异）、实验过程（通过录音片段调查）、研究发现（高强度/低强度说话者的认知分歧）及研究意义（理解人类互动的关键）。阅读这篇文章，学生将在以下方面获得提升： 1. 信息获取与理解能力 学生需快速找到实验方法、研究对象、研究结论。例：第33题（参与者任务）直接对应原文Para.2的“answer questions about...”。此外，学生还需理解专业概念，如：区分“high/low intensity speakers”的定义。学生需快速扫描文本，提取实验设计、变量、结论等科学语篇要素，准确理解术语在语境中的具体含义。 2. 逻辑推理与批判性思维 文章考查了学生的对比分析能力，如：Para.4明确对比两组人群对“同时说话”的相反认知：高强度者认为“友好”，低强度者认为“不礼貌”。学生需对研究意义进行推断，如：第35题要求学生从具体实验（微观）推及人类互动规律（宏观）。学生需要识别实验数据的对比关系（如表格、分组结论），从具体现象抽象出普遍规律（如“文化差异影响沟通效果”）。 3. 语言运用能力 学生需对复杂句进行分析，如Para.4的嵌套结构：“The high intensity group reported that conversations where people spoke at the same time... were not interruptive but engaged...”学生需拆分从句，理解“where”引导的定语从句和“but”连接的并列谓语。同时，学生需进行学术词汇积累，如：perception（感知）、intensity（强度）、simultaneous（同时的）同时掌握社科类文本的常见句式，通过上下文推测生词含义（如“simultaneous”通过“at the same time”可猜出）。 4. 社会认知与跨文化意识 文章介绍了人类沟通风格的差异，不同群体对同一行为（如打断）的评判标准不同，反映社会规范的影响，有助于增进学生对文化差异的理解，学生需意识到沟通冲突可能源于风格差异，而非恶意。帮助学生避免自我中心视角，理解他人沟通习惯的合理性。
2021新高考I卷D篇 心理学（情商理论） 32.细节理解题 Para.1 misconception
33.写作目的题 Para.2 purpose
34.观点态度题 Para.3 attitude
35.段落主旨题 Para.4 main idea
语篇意义
本文批判性地探讨了情商（emotional intelligence）概念在大众传播中的演变，指出其被过度泛化的现象，同时肯定了普及带来的积极影响，并呼吁未来加强科学研究： 1.批判性思维与概念辨析能力 学生需要区分"大众理解的情商"（被泛化为所有积极品质）与"学术定义的情商"（特定技能组合）通过医生/骗子的对比案例（Para.2），培养辩证看待工具性技能的能力。 2.学术概念演化认知 理解科学概念在传播过程中可能发生的意义变迁（Para.1）认识科学研究与大众认知之间的差距（Para.3）。 3.社会应用分析能力 分析情商普及对雇主、教育者的积极影响（Para.3）评估科学传播的社会效益与潜在问题。 4.未来展望视角 把握末段对跨学科研究（科学+人文）的期待理解"head and heart"的隐喻所指（理性与情感的平衡）。 5.学术语言特征识别 识别"popularization vs original meaning"等对比结构理解"may contribute to...but..."等限定性表达，掌握"functionality""adaptively"等学术词汇。
Passage one【2024年九省联考卷D】
①For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Q35Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation.
②Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament(性格). Some toddler s are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Q32Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend’s behavior.32
③This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules.Q33 That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them.33
④Q34Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What’s making him so sad ”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy(同理心) toward a friend, praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”).34
⑤Q35Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use wordsnot fists-to express how they feel. It’s also important to be mindful of how your child’s personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they’re sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they’re refreshed.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The passage discusses how toddlers develop social skills and express friendship through imitation and play, while emphasizing parents' role in guiding.
2. Complete the structure of the passage.
Topic:Toddler Social Development and Parental Guidance Strategies
Part 1 (Para 1-2)
Part 2 (Para 3)
Part 3 (Par4-5)
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates’ behavior
A. They are interested in acting. B. They are shy with the strangers.
C. They are fond of their playmates. 同义替换 D. They are tired of playing games.
33. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids
A. Design games for them. B. Find them suitable playmates.
C. Play together with them. D. Help them understand social rules. 同义替换
34. What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4
A. Giving examples. 功能题解法 B. Explaining concepts.
C. Providing evidence. D. Making comparisons.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. How Children Adapt to Changes B. How to Be a Role Model for Children
C. How Your Baby Learns to Love 原词复现，简化合并 D. How to Communicate with Your Kid
答案：CDAC
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③功能题解法 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) How quickly your child develops into a social creature. 具有社交属性的个体
(2) That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. 行为规范的明确边界
Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying 'I like you' during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior. (para2)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句: "Research...found that..." (主谓宾结构),宾语从句: "that a toddler's
way...behavior" (由that引导),介词短语: "at Ohio State University in Columbus" (作research的后置定语),现在分词短语: "saying 'I like you'" (作way的后置定语),表语部分: "is likely to come..." (系表结构)
翻译：亥俄州立大学哥伦布分校的研究发现，幼儿在玩耍时表达"我喜欢你"的方式很可能是通过模仿朋友的行为来完成的。
(2) Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they're refreshed. (para 5)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。由so连接两个分句,第一个分句: "Kids...hungry" (含when引导的时间状语从句),第二个分句: "schedule...refreshed" (祈使句+when引导的时间状语从句)
翻译：孩子在困倦或饥饿时容易生气，因此要安排在他们精神饱满时玩耍。
Passage 2 【2023年四省联考卷D篇】
①We all know that unpleasant feeling when we’re talking about something interesting and halfway through our sentence we’re interrupted. Q32But was that really an interruption The answer depends on whom you ask, according to new research led by Katherine Hilton from Stanford University.
②Using a set of controlled audio clips (录音片段), Hilton surveyed 5,000 American English speakers to better understand what affects people’s perceptions of interruptions. Q33She had participants listen to audio clips and then answer questions about whether the speakers seemed to be friendly and engaged, listening to one another, or trying to interrupt.
③Hilton found that American English speakers have different conversational styles. She identified two distinct groups: high and low intensity speakers. High intensity speakers are generally uncomfortable with moments of silence in conversation and consider talking at the same time a sign of engagement. Low intensity speakers find it rude to talk at the same time and prefer people speak one after another in conversation.
④The differences in conversational styles became evident when participants listened to audio clips in which two people spoke at the same time but were agreeing with each other and stayed on topic, Hilton said. The high intensity group reported that conversations where people spoke at the same time when expressing agreement were not interruptive but engaged and friendlier than the conversations with moments of silence in between speaking turns. In contrast, Q34the low intensity group perceived any amount of simultaneous (同时) chat as a rude interruption, regardless of what the speakers were saying.
⑤ “People care about being interrupted, and those small interruptions can have a massive effect on the overall communication,” Hilton said. Q35“Breaking apart what an interruption means is essential if we want to understand how humans interact with each other.”
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The research reveals that people's perceptions of interruptions in conversations vary significantly based on their distinct communication styles (high-intensity vs. low-intensity speakers).
2. Complete the structure of the passage.
Topic: 1.Interruptions in conversations
Part 1 (Para 1)
Introduction: What’s a real interruption.
Part 2 (Para 2)
Methodology:
Aim: to explore factors influencing people's perceptions of 2.interruptions.
Subjects: 3.5,000 American English speakers
Process: Participants 4.listened to audio clips and 5.answered questions regarding the friendliness, engagement, and potential interruptions in the conversations they heard.
Part 3 (Para.3-4)
Part 4 (Para 5)
Implications: This suggests that human interaction is complex, aligning with the conclusion that A: Human interaction is complex.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What does Hilton’s research focus on
A. What interruptions mean to people. 原词复现
B. Whether interruption is good or not.
C. How to avoid getting interrupted.
D. Why speakers interrupt each other.
33. What do participants of the study need to do
A. Record an audio clip. B. Answer some questions.原词复现
C. Listen to one another. D. Have a chat with a friend.
34. What do low intensity speakers think of simultaneous chat
A. It’s important. B. It’s interesting.
C. It’s inefficient. D. It’s impolite.同义替换
35. What can we learn from Hilton’s research
A. Human interaction is complex. 简化合并 B. Communication is the basis of life.
C. Interruptions promote thinking. D. Language barriers will always exist.
答案：ABDA
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) She identified two distinct groups: high and low intensity speakers. 区分出
(2) ..., the low intensity group perceived any amount of simultaneous (同时) chat as a rude interruption,... 认为、看待
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) She had participants listen to audio clips and then answer questions about whether the speakers seemed to be friendly and engaged, listening to one another, or trying to interrupt.(Paragraph2, the second sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。She是主句的主语，指代前文提到的研究者Katherine Hilton。had是谓语动词，为使役动词， listen to audio clips和answer questions为宾语补足语，采用的结构为have sb. do(使某人做某事)。whether引导宾语从句。Seemed to be后面包含三个并列表语，分别是seemed to be friendly and engaged, (were) listening to one another, (were) trying to interrupt.
翻译：她让参与者先听录音片段，然后回答一些问题，判断说话者之间是友好互动、认真倾听，还是试图打断对方。
(2) The high intensity group reported that conversations where people spoke at the same time when expressing agreement were not interruptive but engaged and friendlier than the conversations with moments of silence in between speaking turns.(Paragraph4, the second sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。The high intensity group是句子的主语，reported是谓语动词，that引导了宾语从句。宾语从句是一个主系表结构，主语为conversation，系动词为were，表语为并列结构，分别是not interruptive和(but) engaged and friendlier，宾语从句中的主句结构为conversations were not interruptive but engaged and friendlier。宾语从句中，where引导了定语从句，定语从句中的主语为people，谓语动词为spoke，at the same time作为时间状语。同时，when引导了时间状语从句，修饰spoke 的条件，than引导了比较对象than the conversations with moments of silence...
翻译：高强度组反馈称，那些在表达赞同时出现多人同时说话的对话，不仅不被视为打断，反而被认为比轮流发言间存在沉默间隙的对话更投入、更友好。
Passage three 【2021新高考卷I卷D篇】
①Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Q32Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
②Q33We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
③Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, Q34the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
④Q34Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, Q35we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The passage examines the popularization of emotional intelligence, addressing its misinterpretation as general positive traits while advocating for more scientific research on its true nature.
2. Complete the structure of the passage.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities. 同义替换
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept. 写作目的分析，写作目的分析
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. 同义替换 B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies. 同义替换，简化合并
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
答案：DBAB
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②写作目的分析 ③简化合并 ④写作目的分析
Task 3: Reading for Language features
Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and 'people skills. 个人特质的组成
(2) Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction. 理性与情感
(3) ...such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.”
人际交往能力
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and 'people skills.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句：Many people misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable..定语从句：that cannot be measured by an IQ test修饰先行词：everything desirable。
翻译：如今许多人将情商误解为几乎包含了一个人内在特质中所有无法用IQ测试衡量的理想品质，例如性格、动机、信心、心理稳定性、乐观以及'人际交往能力。
(2) It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句：It is our hope that...（形式主语it，真正主语为that从句）主语从句：that advances...will offer new perspectives...
定语从句：from which to study...（修饰perspectives，省略主谓结构）
宾语从句：how people manage...（study的宾语）
翻译：我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学进步能提供新的研究视角，用以探索人们如何管理自己的生活。
The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句1：The ability...may be used by a doctor...
主语：The ability to understand...（不定式作后置定语）谓语：may be used
目的状语：to find how to help...（含宾语从句how best to help）。主句2：while a cheater might use it...并列连词while表对比，代词it指代前文the ability。
翻译：准确理解他人感受的能力，既可能被医生用来寻找最佳方式帮助患者，也可能被骗子用来控制潜在受害者。
语篇相关话题词汇梳理
试题 子话题词汇
人际互动行为 情感与态度 个体差异与发展阶段 社会支持与干预
语言交流 非语言/模仿行为 正向情感 负向情感 性格/气质差异 成长阶段特征 成人指导策略 社会服务功能
2024年九省联考卷 D篇 talking together 一起交谈 use words not fists 用话语而非拳头 verbal reminders 口头提醒 copy a friend’s behavior 模仿朋友的行为 grab toys 抢玩具 refuse to share 拒绝分享 kindness 友善 sharing 分享 cooperation 合作 empathy 同理心 praise 表扬 unpleasant behavior 不悦行为 crying 哭泣 angry 生气 bossy 霸道 temperament 性格气质 shy 害羞 personality 个性 toddlerhood 幼儿期 learn social rules 学习社交规则 setting limits 设定界限 take an active role 积极参与 establish guidelines 建立规范 schedule playtime 安排游戏时间 early friendship programs 早期友谊项目 promote long-term social skills 促进长期社交能力
2023年四省联考卷 D篇 interruption 打断 simultaneous chat 同时交谈 speak one after another 轮流发言 moments of silence 沉默瞬间 audio clips 录音片段 friendly 友好 engaged 投入 expressing agreement 表达赞同 unpleasant feeling 不舒服的感觉 rude interruption 粗鲁的打断 improve overall communication 提升整体沟通 train conversational awareness 训练对话意识
2021年新高考I卷 D篇 “people skills” 人际技巧 verbal expression of emotions 情绪的语言表达 use emotional skills to help or control 用情绪技能助人或操控 confidence 自信 optimism 乐观 mental stability 心理稳定 misunderstand EI 误解情商 misuse for bad purposes 用于不良目的 skill-based emotional intelligence 技能型情商 moral character 道德品质 popular beliefs vs. scientific evidence 大众信念 vs. 科研证据 employers, educators re-evaluate emotions 雇主、教育者重新评估情绪功能 promote social well-being 促进社会福祉 advance scientific study 推动科学研究
人教版教材相关话题词汇梳理
教材 单元 子话题词汇
人际互动行为 情感与态度 个体差异与发展阶段 社会支持与干预
语言交流 非语言/模仿行为 正向情感 负向情感 性格/气质差异 成长阶段特征 成人指导策略 社会服务功能
选择性必修一 Unit 4 Body Language talk individually 单独谈话 ask questions 提问 body language 肢体语言 eye contact 眼神交流 leaning forward 身体前倾 crossed arms 交叉双臂 smile 微笑engaged 投入的 bored 、厌倦distracted 分心 troubled 烦恼的anxious 焦虑 shy害羞personality 个性 teenage stage 青少年阶段 adjust class activities 调整课堂活动 intervene 及时干预inquire and assess 询问并评估 support at home/school 家校支持promote well-being 促进福祉
选择性必修四 Unit 5 Launching your career career aptitude test 职业倾向测试 provide guidance 提供指导 charts and graphs 图表 convey information 传递信息 passionate 充满热情interested 感兴趣 bored厌倦anxious 焦虑 strengths 个人优势interests 兴趣 work personality code 工作人格代码 further education 继续教育long-term goals 长期目标teenage stage 青少年阶段 head start 提前起步 create inclusive environment 营造包容氛围 resolve conflicts 解决冲突support at home/school 家校支持promote well-being 促进福祉
Writing
假定你是校学生会主席李华。你校将于本周六组织一次敬老爱老主题志愿活动，前往阳光敬老院为老人送上关爱和陪伴，并陪他们做合作游戏。现需招募 6 名志愿者，请你写一则招募启事。
内容要点：1. 活动目的；2. 时间地点；3. 报名方式。
Sample 1
Volunteers Wanted
To promote respect and care for the elderly, our school is organizing a volunteer activity this Saturday. （介绍活动目的）The event aims to bring warmth and companionship to seniors through interactive games. （具体说明活动内容）
The activity will take place at 9:00 a.m. in the Sunshine Nursing Home, which is located near our school. （交代时间地点）Volunteers are expected to assist the elderly and participate in cooperative games, making their day more enjoyable. （说明志愿者职责）
If you are compassionate and willing to contribute, please sign up with the Student Union before Thursday. （报名方式）Your kindness, which will surely be appreciated, can make a difference! （鼓励参与，强调意义）
Student Union
Li Hua
(98 words)
Sample 2
Volunteers Wanted
As the aging population grows, showing care for the elderly has become increasingly important. （背景介绍，引出活动意义）To spread warmth and respect, our school will organize a meaningful volunteer activity this Saturday morning. （不定式开头表目的，引出活动）
The event, which will last for three hours from 9 a.m. to 12 p.m., will take place at Sunshine Nursing Home located near our school. （非限制性定语从句说明时间，过去分词作定语修饰地点）Volunteers will accompany the elderly, chatting with them and playing interactive games designed to enhance cooperation. （现在分词作伴随状语，过去分词作后置定语）
We are looking for 6 compassionate students who are patient and good at communication. （定语从句限定志愿者要求）Those interested should register at the Student Union office or scan the QR code below before 5 p.m. Thursday, bringing your student ID for verification. （现在分词作条件状语）
Not only will this activity benefit the elderly, but it will also enrich your own life experience. （倒装句强调活动意义）Don't hesitate to join us in making a difference! （祈使句发出号召）
Student Union
Li Hua
(125 words)人与社会—社会服务与人际沟通“研究发现型”说明文（学生版）
“研究发现型”说明文基本结构: 问题提出—分析问题（因果）—研究结果呈现—结果分析讨论或研究结果延伸
Passage one【2024年九省联考卷D】
①For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation.
②Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament(性格). Some toddler s are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend’s behavior.
③This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them.
④Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What’s making him so sad ”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy(同理心) toward a friend, praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”).
⑤Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel. It’s also important to be mindful of how your child’s personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they’re sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they’re refreshed.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The passage discusses how __________ develop __________ and express friendship through imitation and play, while emphasizing parents' role in guiding.
Complete the structure of the passage.
Topic:Toddler __________Development and__________Strategies
Part 1 (Para 1-_________)
Part 2 (Para 3)
Part 3 (Par4-_________)
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates’ behavior
A. They are interested in acting. B. They are shy with the strangers.
C. They are fond of their playmates. D. They are tired of playing games.
33. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids
A. Design games for them. B. Find them suitable playmates.
C. Play together with them. D. Help them understand social rules.
34. What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4
A. Giving examples. B. Explaining concepts.
C. Providing evidence. D. Making comparisons.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. How Children Adapt to Changes B. How to Be a Role Model for Children
C. How Your Baby Learns to Love D. How to Communicate with Your Kid
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③功能题解法 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) How quickly your child develops into a social creature. __________________
(2) That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. __________________
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying 'I like you' during
play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior. (para2)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句: "Research...found that..." (主谓宾结构),__________: "that a
toddler's way...behavior" (由__________引导),介词短语: "at Ohio State University in Columbus"
(作research的__________),现在分词短语: "saying 'I like you'" (作way的后置定语),表语部分: "is
likely to come..." (__________结构)
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they're refreshed. (Paragraph ⑤)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。并列复合句: 由_________连接两个分句,第一个分句: "Kids...hungry"
(包含when引导的_________从句),第二个分句: "schedule...refreshed" (_________+when引导的
时间状语从句)
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Passage two【2023年四省联考卷D篇】
①We all know that unpleasant feeling when we’re talking about something interesting and halfway through our sentence we’re interrupted. But was that really an interruption The answer depends on whom you ask, according to new research led by Katherine Hilton from Stanford University.
②Using a set of controlled audio clips (录音片段), Hilton surveyed 5,000 American English speakers to better understand what affects people’s perceptions of interruptions. She had participants listen to audio clips and then answer questions about whether the speakers seemed to be friendly and engaged, listening to one another, or trying to interrupt.
③Hilton found that American English speakers have different conversational styles. She identified two distinct groups: high and low intensity speakers. High intensity speakers are generally uncomfortable with moments of silence in conversation and consider talking at the same time a sign of engagement. Low intensity speakers find it rude to talk at the same time and prefer people speak one after another in conversation.
④The differences in conversational styles became evident when participants listened to audio clips in which two people spoke at the same time but were agreeing with each other and stayed on topic, Hilton said. The high intensity group reported that conversations where people spoke at the same time when expressing agreement were not interruptive but engaged and friendlier than the conversations with moments of silence in between speaking turns. In contrast, the low intensity group perceived any amount of simultaneous (同时) chat as a rude interruption, regardless of what the speakers were saying.
⑤ “People care about being interrupted, and those small interruptions can have a massive effect on the overall communication,” Hilton said. “Breaking apart what an interruption means is essential if we want to understand how humans interact with each other.”
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The research reveals that people's perceptions of in conversations vary significantly based on their distinct (high-intensity vs. low-intensity speakers).
2. Complete the structure of the passage.
Topic: 1. in conversations
Part 1 (Para )
Introduction: What’s a real interruption.
Part 2 (Para )
Methodology:
Aim: to explore factors influencing people's perceptions of 2. .
Subjects: 3. American English speakers
Process: Participants 4. audio clips and 5. regarding the friendliness, engagement, and potential interruptions in the conversations they heard.
Part 3 (Para. )
Part 4 (Para )
Implications: This suggests that human interaction is complex, aligning with the conclusion that A: Human interaction is complex.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What does Hilton’s research focus on
A. What interruptions mean to people.
B. Whether interruption is good or not.
C. How to avoid getting interrupted.
D. Why speakers interrupt each other.
33. What do participants of the study need to do
A. Record an audio clip. B. Answer some questions.
C. Listen to one another. D. Have a chat with a friend.
34. What do low intensity speakers think of simultaneous chat
A. It’s important. B. It’s interesting.
C. It’s inefficient. D. It’s impolite.
35. What can we learn from Hilton’s research
A. Human interaction is complex. B. Communication is the basis of life.
C. Interruptions promote thinking. D. Language barriers will always exist.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) She identified two distinct groups: high and low intensity speakers.
(2) ..., the low intensity group perceived any amount of simultaneous (同时) chat as a rude interruption,...
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) She had participants listen to audio clips and then answer questions about whether the speakers seemed
to be friendly and engaged, listening to one another, or trying to interrupt.(Paragraph2, the second sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。 是主句的主语，指代前文提到的 。 是谓语动词，为 动词， listen to audio clips和answer questions为宾语补足语，采用的结构为 。whether引导 。seemed to be后面包含三个并列表语，分别是 , 和 .
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) The high intensity group reported that conversations where people spoke at the same time when expressing agreement were not interruptive but engaged and friendlier than the conversations with moments of silence in between speaking turns.(Paragraph4, the second sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。 是句子的主语， 是谓语动词， 引导了宾语从句。宾语从句是一个主系表结构，主语为conversation，系动词为were，表语为并列结构，分别是not interruptive和(but) engaged and friendlier，宾语从句中的主句结构为 。宾语从句中， 引导了定语从句，定语从句中的主语为 ，谓语动词为 ，at the same time作为 。同时， 引导了时间状语从句，修饰spoke 的条件， 引导了比较对象than the conversations with moments of silence...
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Passage three【2021年新高考I卷D篇】
①Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
②We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
③Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
④Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The passage examines the ___________ of ___________, addressing its misinterpretation as general positive traits while advocating for more scientific research on its true nature.
2. Complete the structure of the passage.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D.Scientists with new perspectives.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence (s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②写作目的分析 ③简化合并 ④写作目的分析
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's __________ that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and 'people skills. __________________
(2) Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction__________________
(3) ...such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.”__________________
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and 'people skills.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。__________________：Many people misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable..定语从句：that cannot be measured by an IQ test修饰先行词：__________________。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句：It is our hope that...（形式主语__________________，真正主语为that从句）主语从句：that advances...will offer new perspectives...
__________________：from which to study...（修饰__________________，省略主谓结构）
__________________：how people manage...（study的宾语）
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(3) The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句1：The ability...may be used by a doctor...
主语：The ability to understand...（不定式作__________________）谓语：may be used
目的状语：to find how to help...（含宾语从句__________________）。主句2：while a cheater might use it...并列连词while表__________________，代词it指代前文__________________。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
语篇相关话题词汇梳理
词汇 子话题词汇
人际互动行为 情感与态度 个体差异与发展阶段 社会支持与干预
语言交流 非语言/模仿行为 正向情感 负向情感 性格/气质差异 成长阶段特征 成人指导策略 社会服务功能
试题 词汇
教材 词汇
Writing
假定你是校学生会主席李华。你校将于本周六组织一次敬老爱老主题志愿活动，前往阳光敬老院为老人送上关爱和陪伴，并陪他们做合作游戏。现需招募 6 名志愿者，请你写一则招募启事。
内容要点：1. 活动目的；2. 时间地点；3. 报名方式。
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
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