人与社会—运动与健康 “话题型”说明文（教师版）
“话题型”说明文基本结构: 引出话题—解释话题—拓展话题（利弊、因果、影响、解决方法、意义、评价等）
语篇分析
试题来源 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
2022年全国乙卷D篇 政府对含糖软饮料征收糖税的政策（包括政策目的、实施情况、及社会影响） 32. 细节理解题 Para. 2 reason
33. 细节理解题 Para. 4 response
34. 细节理解题 Para. 5 scope
35. 推理判断题 Para. 6 evaluation
语篇意义
本文围绕政府对含糖软饮料征收糖税这一政策展开，介绍了该政策的出台原因、预期收入、饮料企业的应对措施、征税范围以及政策带来的积极影响。阅读这篇文章，学生将在多个方面得到能力的提升： 1. 政策逻辑认知能力 文章清晰呈现政策初衷（减少儿童肥胖）与实施手段（对高糖饮料征税）的关联，学生能理解 “税收杠杆调节健康行为” 的政策逻辑，同时通过预期收入与实际收入的差异，认识到政策实施中企业应对（如减糖避税）带来的动态变化，理解政策落地的复杂性。 2. 社会问题与个体关联的感知能力 文中提到儿童糖分摄入超标的现状，学生可将自身饮食习惯与社会公共健康问题建立联系，同时通过企业减糖、政策支持学校体育等内容，意识到个体健康、企业行为与政府调控之间的相互影响，增强社会参与感。 3. 信息对比与辩证分析能力 文章中存在多处对比信息：政策预期与实际收入的差距、不同企业（减糖避税的企业与坚持高糖的品牌）的应对差异。学生通过梳理这些信息，能学会辩证看待政策效果 —— 既看到减糖 4500 万公斤的积极成果，也理解税收未达预期背后的企业策略，避免单一化评价。 4. 实用信息提取与应用能力 文本明确界定了征税范围（含特定糖分的软饮料）与免税对象（果汁、乳饮等），学生可从中学习如何快速定位规则类文本的关键信息，这种能力可迁移到理解日常规则（如校园规定、社会规范）中，提升信息应用效率。 5. 话题相关词汇与表达积累 文中出现 “obesity”“generate”“Treasury” 等与健康、经济、政策相关的词汇，以及 “be introduced to”“depending on” 等描述政策目的和条件的表达，学生掌握后可更精准地讨论公共政策、健康话题等社会议题。
2020年新课标Ⅰ卷C篇 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
介绍竞走运动 28. 细节理解题 Para. 2 rules/requirements
29. 细节理解题 Para. 4-5 advantage
30. 细节理解题 Para. 5 suggestion
观点态度题 全文 author’s attitude
语篇意义
本文围绕竞走运动展开，介绍了其规则、与跑步的异同（如热量消耗、对身体的冲击）及潜在风险，并给出了参与建议。阅读这篇文章，学生将在多个方面得到能力的提升： 1. 信息获取与理解能力 学生能够从文中快速获取竞走的基本信息，包括其规则（膝盖在摆腿时大部分时间保持伸直、始终有一只脚接触地面等）、与跑步在卡路里消耗和对身体冲击方面的差异等，同时理解竞走在减少某些运动损伤上的优势。 2. 运动认知与健康意识 文章介绍了竞走作为一项体育运动的特点和对身体的影响，有助于学生拓展对体育运动的认知，增强健康运动的意识，了解不同运动方式的潜在风险和注意事项。 3. 逻辑对比与分析能力 学生在阅读过程中需要对比竞走和跑步的异同，如两者在卡路里消耗、对身体的冲击力、易引发的损伤类型等方面的差别，这有助于锻炼学生的逻辑对比和分析能力，学会从多个维度比较不同事物。 4. 实践指导与安全意识 文章提到尝试竞走需咨询教练或有经验的选手以学习正确技巧，以及有脚踝和臀部受伤史者需谨慎，这有助于培养学生在参与新运动时的安全意识和寻求专业指导的观念。 5. 语言运用与表达能力 学生通过阅读文章，可以学习到一些与运动相关的术语和表达方式，如 “race walking”“calories”“injuries” 等。文章结构清晰，逻辑连贯，有助于学生提高语言运用和表达能力，学会清晰阐述不同运动的特点和差异。
2020年两省联考卷C篇 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
运动医学指南 28. 细节理解题 para.1 reason
29. 细节理解题 para.2 solution
30. 段落主旨题 para.4 main idea
31. 主旨大意题 全文 main idea
语篇意义
本文介绍了美国医学会针对青少年运动脑震荡制定的新指南。阅读这篇文章，学生将在多个方面得到能力的提升： 1. 信息获取与理解能力 学生能够快速提取AMA新指南的核心内容，包括其制定目的（减少脑震荡风险）、具体措施（立即离场制度）和执行标准（医生书面许可）。同时理解脑震荡的医学定义及其危害性。 2. 医疗健康意识 通过CDC提供的脑震荡医学解释和数据统计，学生可以建立对运动创伤的科学认知，培养运动安全意识。 3. 政策理解与应用能力 文章详细说明了新指南的三层保护机制（即时离场、专业评估、分级复健），帮助学生理解医疗政策如何转化为具体保护措施。 4. 数据分析与批判思维 通过40%高中生过早复训的数据对比，学生可以分析政策制定的必要性，并评估医疗指南的实际价值。 5. 专业术语积累 文中包含“concussion”（脑震荡）、“traumatic brain injury”（创伤性脑损伤）、“skull”（颅骨）等医学术语，有助于拓展学生的专业词汇量。
Passage one【2022年全国乙卷D篇】
①The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
② Q32 First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
③Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
④ Q33 It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
⑤ Q34 However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
⑥ Q35 Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The article discusses the UK government’s sugar tax on soft drinks, including its purpose to reduce childhood obesity, lower-than-expected revenue, manufacturers’ responses, and positive impacts.
2. Complete the structure of the passage.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. Why was the sugar tax introduced
A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children’s health. 简化合并 D. To encourage research in education.
33. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A. They turned to overseas markets.
B. They raised the prices of their products.
C. They cut down on their production.
D. They reduced their products’ sugar content. 同义替换
34. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks.
C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke. 原词复现
35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story. 推理判断
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
答案：CDDB
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question’s correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③推理判断 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. 费用
(2) Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part. 行业
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity. (Para. 2, the second sentence)
分析：句子主干为“the tax... was introduced to ... obesity”。非谓语结构“First announced in April, 2016” 作状语，省略了主语“the tax”和be动词，说明税收的宣布时间。定语从句“which applies to soft drinks containing... 100ml”修饰先行词“the tax”，其中“containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml” 为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰“soft drinks”，明确征税对象的具体标准。
翻译：这项税收于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖量超过5克的软饮料，其出台是为了帮助减少儿童肥胖。
(2) Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools. (Para. 6, the first sentence)
分析：句子主干为 “Today's figures... show the positive influence”。“according to one government official” 为插入语，说明信息来源，分隔了主语和谓语，增加了句子的层次感。定语从句“the sugar tax is having”修饰先行词“the positive influence”，省略了关系代词 “that/which”（作“having”的宾语）。
翻译：一位政府官员表示，如今的数据显示，这项糖税通过为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集数百万英镑，正在产生积极影响。
Passage two【2020年新课标Ⅰ卷C篇】
①Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
②Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. Q28 But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
③Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories (卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
④However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
⑤Q29, Q31 As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. Q31 But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. Q30 In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The passage introduces race walking, explaining that it has many fitness benefits similar to running but with fewer injuries, while also mentioning its specific rules, physical demands, advantages over running, potential risks, and the need for proper technique learning.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
I. Introducing the Topic: 1.Race walking Para. 1 Race walking shares fitness benefits with running but typically causes fewer injuries, while having its own specific 2.problem.
II. Explaining the Topic: Key Features of Race Walking Para. 2 Race walkers are 3.conditioned athletes, with strict rules (knees stay straight through most leg swings; one foot always 4.contacts the ground) – distinct from other sports like running.
Para. 3 5.Physical demands: Calorie burn – twice that of walking, but less than running.
Para. 4 Lower 6.stress on the body compared to running
III. Expanding the Topic: Advantage, Risk and 7.Suggestion for Race Walking Para. 5 injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers High stress on ankles and hips, requiring caution for those with related 8.injury history. Beginners should consult a 9.coach or experienced 10.racer to learn proper technique; practice is necessary.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes 原词复现
A. They must run long distances. B. They are qualified for the marathon.
C. They have to follow special rules. D. They are good at swinging their legs.
29. What advantage does race walking have over running
A. It’s more popular at the Olympics. B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s more effective in body building. D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries. 同义替换
30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking
A. Getting experts’ opinions. 同义替换 B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Doing regular exercises.
31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking
A. Skeptical. B. Objective. 态度观点
C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
答案：CDAB
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③态度观点
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Race walkers are conditioned athletes. 训练有素的；身体状态良好的（尤指通过锻炼达到竞技水平）
(2) However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. （持续、反复地）冲击；撞击；震动
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. (Para.3, the second sentence)
分析：该句主干为 “race walkers would burn about 800 calories per hour”，现在分词短语 “moving at...hour”作后置定语修饰主语。逗号后由which引导非限制性定语从句修饰800 calories，其中嵌套比较结构 “twice as many as...”，比较对象为省略句 “they would burn walking”。让步状语 “although fewer than running”为省略结构（完整形式为although it is fewer than running），句末which引导的定语从句修饰running，形成多层从句嵌套。
翻译：根据大多数测算，以每小时六英里速度移动的竞走者每小时消耗约800卡路里，这约是步行消耗的两倍（尽管少于跑步），而跑步每小时可能消耗1000卡路里或更多。
(2) According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. (Para.4, the second sentence)
分析：本句为while连接的并列复合句。前分句主干 “runners hit the ground”，伴随状语 “with...weight”说明冲击力强度；后分句主干 “race walkers create...body weight”，其中插入由who引导的非限制性定语从句 “who do not leave the ground”补充说明竞走者特征。两个分句通过while形成对比关系，倍数表达 “four times their body weight”与 “1.4 times their body weight”构成核心比较内容。
翻译：根据她的研究，跑步者每一步着地时承受高达四倍体重的冲击力，而双脚不离地的竞走者每一步仅产生约1.4倍体重的冲击力。
Passage three 【2020年两省联考卷C篇】
①Q31 Heads up! Across the country, sports injuries area safety concern for young athletes. Q28 Now, the American Medical Association (AMA ) has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussions—serious injuries caused by a blow to the head.
②“By raising awareness of the serious risks associated with concussions and ensuring that the appropriate guidelines are in place, we can reduce the number of young athletes who may return to the game too soon, which can put their health at further risk,” said AMA Board Member Jack Resneck Jr., M.D., in a statement.
③Q29 The policy recommends that young athletes who may have a concussion be taken off the field as soon as possible. Then, they are only to return to their sport with a doctor's written approval. The policy also sets age-specific rules for health care professionals and athletic organizations in evaluating and caring for athletes who have concussions.
④Q30 According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a concussion is a type of traumatic (创伤的) brain injury caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth. This type of movement can cause the brain to bounce around or twist inside the skull (颅骨). It can damage brain cells and create chemical changes in the brain. The CDC says that between 1.6 million and 3.8 million traumatic brain injuries caused by sports and recreation-related activities occur in the U.S. every year. A study from the Center for Injury Research and Policy showed that as many as 40% of high school athletes return to playing before they should. The AMA's new guidelines should help to bring those numbers down.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The article discusses the AMA’s new guidelines to protect young athletes from concussions by raising awareness, implementing strict return-to-play rules, and providing age-specific evaluations.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Part1 1. Introduction Para.1 - Starts with a 2. warning (“Heads up!”) - States the issue: 3. concussions in youth sports - Introduces AMA's new guidelines; grabs attention; sets context for the discussion
Part 2 Details Para.2 + para.4 - Risks of returning too soon - How concussions 4. harm the brain - 1.6–3.8M injuries/year; 40% return early - Uses expert opinions + data to prove the problem is 5. serious
Part 3 6. Solution Para.3 - Rule 1: 7. Remove injured players immediately - Rule 2: Doctor’s note required to return - Rule 3: Different 8. rules for different ages Shows clear steps to fix the problem
Part 4 Result Para.4 - Predicts guidelines will 10. lower injury numbers
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. Why does the AMA set the new guidelines
A. To raise safety standards of sports.
B. To protect athletes from concussions. 同义替换
C. To set rules for health care evaluation.
D. To help players return to the game quickly.
29. What should young athletes who may have a concussion do
A. Avoid using the head B. Leave the field forever.
C. Get treatment in time. 同义替换 D. Switch to another sport.
What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. What a concussion is. 简化合并 B. What causes damage to brain cells.
C. How the CDC works. D. How a concussion can be prevented.
31. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Rules for Safer Play 简化合并 B. Sports Injuries in the U.S.
C. Advice to Athletes D. New Policies for Doctors
答案：BCAA
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question’s correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并 ⑤正话反说
Task 3: Reading for Language features
Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Now, the American Medical Association (AMA ) has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussions—serious injuries caused by a blow to the head. 撞击
(2) The policy recommends that young athletes who may have a concussion be taken off the field as soon as possible. 体育场
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) “By raising awareness of the serious risks associated with concussions and ensuring that the appropriate guidelines are in place, we can reduce the number of young athletes who may return to the game too soon, which can put their health at further risk,”
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。 “By raising awareness...and ensuring...”是介词短语作方式状语，其中that引导宾语从句； “we can reduce”是主句；who引导定语从句修饰 “young athletes”；which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个主句。
翻译：通过提高对脑震荡相关严重风险的认识，并确保实施适当的指导方针，我们可以减少那些可能过早重返赛场的年轻运动员的数量，这种行为会使他们的健康面临进一步的风险。
(2) A study from the Center for Injury Research and Policy showed that as many as 40% of high school athletes return to playing before they should.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。 “A study from the Center for Injury Research and Policy”是名词短语作主语，showed是主句的谓语，that引导宾语从句。在宾语从句中， “as many as 40% of high school athletes”是主语， “return to playing” 是谓语， “before they should” 是时间状语从句。
翻译：伤害研究与政策中心的一项研究表明，高达40%的高中运动员在未完全康复时就重返赛场。
试题语篇相关话题词汇梳理
试题 子话题词汇
身体健康管理 体育运动与表现 健康风险与防护
身体状态指标 健康习惯调整 运动类型与规则 竞技成就与精神 训练与体能消耗 风险与干预措施
2022年全国乙卷D篇 childhood obesity 儿童肥胖 reduce sugar 减糖 sugary drinks 含糖饮料 sugar tax 糖税 avoid paying tax 避税
2020年新课标Ⅰ卷C篇 body weight 体重 injuries 损伤 race walking 竞走 leg swing 腿部摆动 contact with ground触地要求 burn calories 燃烧卡路里 physically demanding 高体能消耗 consult a coach 咨询教练 proper technique 正确技巧
2020年两省联考卷 C篇 concussions 脑震荡 dizzy 头晕 return to the game 重返赛场 taken off the field 强制离场 medical approval 医疗许可 prevent 预防
人教版教材相关话题词汇梳理
教材 子话题词汇
身体健康管理 体育运动与表现 健康风险与防护
身体状态指标 健康习惯调整 运动类型与规则 竞技成就与精神 训练与体能消耗 风险与干预措施
必修一 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness fitness 健康状态 slim 苗条的 injured 受伤的 diet 控制饮食 now and then 偶尔 cut...out 戒除 rather than 而非 compare...with 对比 volleyball 排球 soccer 足球 badminton 羽毛球 boxing 拳击marathon 马拉松 track and field 田径 medal 奖牌 championship 锦标赛 champion 冠军 set an example 树立榜样 graceful 优雅的 mental strength 心理韧性 work out 锻炼 jog 慢跑 push-up 俯卧撑 skip 跳绳 compete 竞赛 sweat 出汗 lose heart 丧失信心 give up 放弃 make it 成功 failure 失败
选择性必修三 Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle flu 流感 toothache 牙痛 worn out 筋疲力尽 stressed out 焦虑不堪 make up one's mind 下定决心 replace 替代 regularly 定期 active 积极活动 Skateboard 滑板 bowling 保龄球 table tennis 乒乓球 determination 决心 positive 积极的 exercise 锻炼 dynamic 精力充沛的 tobacco 烟草 alcohol 酒精 cigarette 香烟 drug 毒品 abuse 滥用 examine 检查 treatment 治疗
Writing
假如你是李华，你所在的学生会倡议“Active Life, Healthy Future”校园运动计划。请你写一份健康生活方式倡议书呼吁同学们积极参加校园运动。内容包括：
1. 当下青少年面临的问题：肥胖和压力过大
2. 青少年如何培养健康习惯
3. 健康生活的益处
Sample 1
Alarmed by rising childhood obesity and stressed-out conditions among teenagers, we launch this campaign to promote a healthier lifestyle. (背景说明，使用过去分词作状语)
By replacing sugary drinks with water and engaging in daily jogging or skipping, which effectively burn calories, we can combat these issues. (措施建议，含定语从句和非谓语动词) Not only will regular exercise improve your fitness, but it will also build mental strength, making you more positive and graceful in life. (健康益处，含并列句和现在分词作结果状语)
Let's set an example together and say no to unhealthy habits! (呼吁行动，使用祈使句)
(98 words)
Sample 2
Facing the growing problems of childhood obesity and stressed-out students in our school, we are launching the "Active Life, Healthy Future" campaign to address these concerning issues. (背景说明，使用现在分词短语作状语)
To cultivate healthy habits, we strongly recommend replacing sugary drinks with water and participating in daily physical activities such as jogging or skipping, which have been proven to effectively burn calories. (具体建议，含定语从句) Additionally, rather than staying indoors playing video games, why not join our volleyball or badminton teams to experience the joy of teamwork while exercising (对比建议，含特殊疑问句和现在分词). The benefits of adopting this active lifestyle are numerous. Regular exercise not only helps maintain a slim figure but also builds mental strength, making you more determined and positive in facing challenges. (益处说明，含并列结构和现在分词作结果状语) Furthermore, by setting an example for others, you'll contribute to creating a healthier campus environment where everyone can thrive. (扩展影响，含定语从句).
Let’s work together to make this change! Remember: small steps like choosing stairs over elevators can lead to big improvements in your overall fitness. (呼吁行动，使用祈使句和类比)
(125 words)人与社会—运动与健康 “话题型”说明文（学生版）
“话题型”说明文基本结构: 引出话题—解释话题—拓展话题（利弊、因果、影响、解决方法、意义、评价等）
Passage one【2022年全国乙卷D篇】
①The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
②First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖) . It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
③Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
④It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
⑤However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
⑥Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The article discusses the UK government’s _________ on soft drinks, including its purpose to reduce _________, lower-than-expected revenue, manufacturers’ responses, and positive impacts.
2. Complete the structure of the passage.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. Why was the sugar tax introduced
A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children’s health. D. To encourage research in education.
33. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A. They turned to overseas markets.
B. They raised the prices of their products.
C. They cut down on their production.
D. They reduced their products’ sugar content.
34. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks.
C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke.
35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③推理判断 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. __________________
(2) Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part. __________________
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity. (Para. 2, the second sentence)
分析：句子主干为“the tax... was introduced to ... obesity”。非谓语结构“First announced in April, 2016” 作状语，省略了主语“_________”和_________动词，说明税收的宣布时间。_________从句“which applies to soft drinks containing... 100ml”修饰先行词“_________”，其中“containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml” 为现在分词短语作_________，修饰“soft drinks”，明确征税对象的具体标准。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools. (Para. 6, the first sentence)
分析：句子主干为 “Today’s figures... show the positive influence”。“according to one government official”为_________，说明信息来源，分隔了主语和谓语，增加了句子的层次感。定语从句“the sugar tax is having”修饰先行词“_________”，省略了关系代词“_________”（作“having”的宾语）。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Passage two【2020年新课标Ⅰ卷C篇】
①Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
②Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
③Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories (卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
④However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
⑤As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The passage introduces _________, explaining that it has many fitness _________ similar to running but with fewer _________, while also mentioning its specific _________, physical demands, advantages over running, potential risks, and the need for proper technique learning.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
I. Introducing the Topic: 1._________ Para. 1 Race walking shares fitness benefits with running but typically causes fewer injuries, while having its own specific 2._________.
II. Explaining the Topic: Key Features of Race Walking Para. 2 Race walkers are 3._________ athletes, with strict rules (knees stay straight through most leg swings; one foot always 4._________ the ground) – distinct from other sports like running.
Para. 3 5._________ demands: Calorie burn – twice that of walking, but less than running.
Para. 4 Lower 6._________ on the body compared to running
III. Expanding the Topic: Advantage, Risk and 7._________ for Race Walking Para. 5 injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers High stress on ankles and hips, requiring caution for those with related 8._________. Beginners should consult a 9._________or experienced 10._________ to learn proper technique; practice is necessary.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes
A. They must run long distances. B. They are qualified for the marathon.
C. They have to follow special rules. D. They are good at swinging their legs.
29. What advantage does race walking have over running
A. It’s more popular at the Olympics. B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s more effective in body building. D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking
A. Getting experts’ opinions. B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Doing regular exercises.
31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking
A. Skeptical. B. Objective.
C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③态度观点
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Race walkers are conditioned athletes. __________________
(2) However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. _________
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. (Para.3, the second sentence)
分析：该句主干为“race walkers would burn about 800 calories per hour”，现在分词短语“moving at...hour”作后置定语修饰_________。逗号后由which引导非限制性定语从句修饰800 calories，其中嵌套比较结构“twice as many as...”，比较对象为省略句“they would burn walking”。_________状语“although fewer than running” 为省略结构（完整形式为although it is fewer than running），句末which引导的定语从句修饰running，形成多层从句嵌套。
翻译：_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
(2) According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. (Para.4, the second sentence)
分析：本句为while连接的并列复合句。前分句主干“runners hit the ground”，_________“with...weight”说明冲击力强度；后分句主干“race walkers create...body weight"，其中插入由who引导的_________“who do not leave the ground”补充说明竞走者特征。两个分句通过while形成对比关系，倍数表达“four times their body weight” 与“1.4 times their body weight” 构成核心比较内容。
翻译：_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Passage three 【2020年两省联考卷C篇】
①Heads up! Across the country, sports injuries area safety concern for young athletes. Now, the American Medical Association (AMA ) has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussions—serious injuries caused by a blow to the head.
②“By raising awareness of the serious risks associated with concussions and ensuring that the appropriate guidelines are in place, we can reduce the number of young athletes who may return to the game too soon, which can put their health at further risk,” said AMA Board Member Jack Resneck Jr., M.D., in a statement.
③The policy recommends that young athletes who may have a concussion be taken off the field as soon as possible. Then, they are only to return to their sport with a doctor’s written approval. The policy also sets age-specific rules for health care professionals and athletic organizations in evaluating and caring for athletes who have concussions.
④According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a concussion is a type of traumatic (创伤的) brain injury caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth. This type of movement can cause the brain to bounce around or twist inside the skull (颅骨). It can damage brain cells and create chemical changes in the brain. The CDC says that between 1.6 million and 3.8 million traumatic brain injuries caused by sports and recreation-related activities occur in the U.S. every year. A study from the Center for Injury Research and Policy showed that as many as 40% of high school athletes return to playing before they should. The AMA’s new guidelines should help to bring those numbers down.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The article discusses the AMA’s new __________ to protect young athletes from concussions by raising __________, implementing strict return-to-play __________, and providing age-specific __________.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Part1 __________ Para.1 - Starts with a 2. ____________ (“Heads up!”) - States the issue: 3. ____________ in youth sports - Introduces AMA’s new guidelines; grabs attention; sets context for the discussion
Part 2 4. _________ Para.2 + para.4 - Risks of returning too soon - How concussions 5. ____________ the brain - 1.6–3.8M injuries/year; 40% return early - Uses expert opinions + data to prove the problem is 5. serious
Part 3 6. __________ Para.3 - Rule 1: 7. ____________ injured players immediately - Rule 2: Doctor’s note required to return - Rule 3: Different 8. ____________ for different ages Shows clear steps to fix the problem
Part 4 __________ Para.4 - Predicts guidelines will 10. ____________ injury numbers
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. Why does the AMA set the new guidelines
A. To raise safety standards of sports.
B. To protect athletes from concussions.
C. To set rules for health care evaluation.
D. To help players return to the game quickly.
29. What should young athletes who may have a concussion do
A. Avoid using the head B. Leave the field forever.
C. Get treatment in time. D. Switch to another sport.
What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. What a concussion is. B. What causes damage to brain cells.
C. How the CDC works. D. How a concussion can be prevented.
31. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Rules for Safer Play B. Sports Injuries in the U.S.
C. Advice to Athletes D. New Policies for Doctors
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question’s correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并 ⑤正话反说
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Now, the American Medical Association (AMA ) has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussions—serious injuries caused by a blow to the head. __________________
(2) The policy recommends that young athletes who may have a concussion be taken off the field as soon as possible. __________________
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) “By raising awareness of the serious risks associated with concussions and ensuring that the appropriate guidelines are in place, we can reduce the number of young athletes who may return to the game too soon, which can put their health at further risk,”
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。 “By raising awareness...and ensuring...”是介词短语作___________，其中that引导___________； “we can reduce”是主句；___________引导定语从句修饰___________；which引导非限制性定语从句修饰___________。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) A study from the Center for Injury Research and Policy showed that as many as 40% of high school athletes return to playing before they should. The AMA’s new guidelines should help to bring those numbers down.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。“A study from the Center for Injury Research and Policy” 是名词短语作主语，showed是主句的___________，___________引导宾语从句。在宾语从句中，“as many as 40% of high school athletes” 是___________，___________是谓语，___________是时间状语从句。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
试题语篇相关话题词汇梳理和人教版教材相关话题词汇梳理
词汇 子话题词汇
身体健康管理 体育运动与表现 健康风险与防护
身体状态指标 健康习惯调整 运动类型与规则 竞技成就与精神 训练与体能消耗 风险与干预措施
试题词汇
教材词汇
Writing
假如你是李华，你所在的学生会倡议“Active Life, Healthy Future”校园运动计划。请你写一份健康生活方式倡议书呼吁同学们积极参加校园运动。内容包括：
1. 当下青少年面临的问题：肥胖和压力过大
2. 青少年如何培养健康习惯
3. 健康生活的益处
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