人与自然—自然生态与环境保护 “话题型”说明文（教师版）
“话题型”说明文基本结构: 引出话题—具体内容/特征/发展/利弊/争议—意义/影响/总结//建议
语篇分析
试题来源 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
2025年浙江1月卷C篇 介绍生态园艺/可持续景观设计 28. 词义猜测题 Para. 1 Lexical-level comprehension
29. 细节理解题 Para. 2 Historical-context extraction
30. 推理判断题 Para. 3 Stylistic-evaluation transfer
31. 主旨大意题 Para.4Para. 5 Thematic-integration ability
语篇意义
本文介绍了一种新型的园艺设计方法“矩阵式种植”以及矩阵式种植方法的理念、起源、发展、原则及其带来的益处。这种种植方法通过精心规划植物组合，减少人工干预，发挥自然的最大作用，从而创建一个自给自足的生态系统，不仅美观，还能显著提升环境效益。阅读这篇文章，学生将在多个方面得到能力的提升： 1.信息获取与理解能力 学生能够从文中准确理解矩阵种植的核心概念，同时，学生能掌握矩阵种植相较于传统园艺的多重优势，如显著减少水资源消耗（"conserves water"）、降低维护需求（"minimal maintenance"）以及提升生物多样性（"boost biodiversity"）等。 2.生态设计思维能力 文章详细阐述了矩阵种植将生态原理与美学设计相结合的特色，特别是荷兰设计师Piet Oudolf通过艺术化处理（"artistic flavors"）提升景观价值的案例。通过理解"精心设计的自然状态"（"carefully planned" wild appearance）这一核心理念，学生能够掌握仿生设计的精髓。 3.环保与可持续发展观念 文章强调了矩阵种植的环保特性，如完全摒弃化肥和机械工具（"eschewing fertilizers and power tools"）、创造野生动物栖息地（"serving the needs of wildlife"）等，这能有效增强学生的生态保护意识。同时，通过了解矩阵种植在碳吸收（"increase carbon absorption"）和雨水管理（"reduce stormwater runoff"）方面的优势，学生可以深入认识可持续景观设计的环境价值。 4.逻辑推理与批判性思维能力 学生在阅读过程中需要梳理文章的逻辑结构，从历史起源到技术原理，再到艺术升华的递进关系。通过比较矩阵种植与传统园艺在维护成本、生态效益等方面的差异，学生能够培养系统性分析能力。特别是理解"看似野生实为精心设计"（"appear wild but carefully planned"）这一表面矛盾背后的科学原理，有助于提升学生的辩证思维能力。 5.语言运用与表达能力 通过研读本文，学生可以掌握景观设计和生态领域的专业术语。文章采用的拟人化表达（如"nature does the heavy lifting"）和通感修辞（如"sound of grasses...sculpture of seed heads"）为学生提供了丰富的语言学习素材。同时，文本中严谨的被动语态和分词结构等学术表达方式，有助于提升学生的英语写作能力。
试题来源 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
2024年浙江1月C篇 防雹干预计划 28. 细节理解题 Para. 1 aim
29. 细节理解题 Para. 1 disadvantages
30. 推理判断题 Para. 4 evaluation
31. 推理判断题 Para. 5 conclusion
语篇意义
本文围绕阿尔伯塔省人工防雹工程引发的科学争议与社会矛盾，探讨气候干预技术的环境风险与法律困境。阅读此篇可提升以下能力： 1.信息获取与理解能力 学生能提取核心信息：人工降雨的操作原理（Para.2化学催化）、农民反对原因（Para.1水分流失担忧）、科学家的安全质疑（Para.4龙卷风案例）及法律现状（末段诉讼难点）。通过对比多方观点，理解争议焦点。 2. 科技伦理辨析能力 文章展现气候干预技术的双重性：既保护城市免受冰雹灾害（保险公司立场），又可能引发次生风险（干旱/极端天气）。引导学生辩证思考科技应用的边界与代价。 3. 环保与可持续发展观念 通过农民对"precious moisture"的诉求与科学家对"killer storms"的警示，强化水资源保护意识，思考人类干预自然系统的生态链影响。 4. 逻辑推理与批判性思维 需分析论证逻辑：问题背景（Para.1）→ 技术原理与反对声（Para.2-3）→ 科学质疑（Para.4）→ 法律困境（末段）。训练学生评估"缺乏科学证据"（lack of scientific proof）在决策中的双向作用。 5. 语言运用与表达能力 掌握科技类争议文本的核心词汇：suppression project（抑制工程）/ cloud seeding（人工降雨）/ downwind（下风向）/ drought risk（干旱风险）。学习"eschewing"（前篇）与"proceed"（末段）等高级动词的语境应用。
试题来源 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
2024九省联考B篇 介绍鹦鹉作为猎物的行为特征 24. 细节理解题 Para. 2 details
25. 细节理解题 Para. 3 details
26. 细节理解题 Para. 4 situation
27. 写作意图题 Para. 1&5 conclusion
语篇意义
本文为科普说明文，核心主题是鹦鹉作为猎物动物的本能行为及其对家庭环境中行为的影响。文章围绕“鹦鹉是猎物”这一核心特征，阐述其野外生存压力如何塑造本能反应，并为家庭饲养提供行为解读依据。阅读这篇文章，学生将在多个方面得到能力的提升： 1. 信息获取与理解： 学生可提取关键信息，如鹦鹉的主要捕食者、应对危险的方式、对特定刺激的反应等，理解“猎物身份”与行为特征的关联。 2. 逻辑推理能力： 需分析因果关系，如“为何鹦鹉对上方快速移动敏感”（因天敌鹰从空中攻击），“为何新物品会引发恐惧”（本能将未知物与捕食者关联）。 3. 跨学科联系： 结合生物学中“捕食者-猎物关系”“动物本能”等概念，理解行为背后的进化逻辑，培养科学思维。 4. 实用指导意义： 文章为家庭饲养提供建议，学生可通过理解鹦鹉的本能，推理出“避免突然移动”“逐步接触新事物”等具体做法，体现理论到实践的应用能力。 5. 词汇与语言运用： 接触动物行为相关词汇（如predators, instinctively, reactive），学习说明文的严谨表达（如“this one factor influences... more than any other”强调核心因素）。
Passage one【2025年浙江1月卷C篇】
①A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Q28Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.
②Q29The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.
③Q30Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Q30Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads.
④It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. Q31While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth.
⑤Q31The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular pared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The introduction of matrix planting, a gardening method that mimics nature to create sustainable and low-maintenance ecosystems.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Topic: Matrix Planting
Part 1 (Para 1)Introduction & Definition
Definition: Introduces matrix planting and its core principle—gardening like nature.
Key Contrast: Highlights how it differs from traditional methods (no fertilizers/power tools).
Part 2 (Para 2-4)
Part 3 (Para 5) Benefits
For Gardeners:Less maintenance (no watering/fertilizing).
For the Planet: Lists environmental benefits (carbon absorption, biodiversity, stormwater reduction).
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean
A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from.同义替换
C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of.
29. Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced
A. To control weeds in large gardens. B. To bring in foreign species of plants.
C. To conserve soil and water resources. D. To develop low-maintenance parkland.原词复现
30. Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens
A. Traditional. B. Odd-looking. C. Tasteful.词类转换 D. Well-protected.
31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A. The future of gardening is WILD简化合并 B. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS
C. Matrix gardens need more CARE D. Old garden plots work WONDERS
答案：BDCA
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. 简洁而巧妙的
(2) While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. 自然野生的
(3) The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. 显著的
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.(para2, the first sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句，其中German city planners是从句主语，sought to plant是谓语，large areas of parkland是宾语，after World War II是时间状语，in a reproducible way是方式状语，that引导定语从句修饰way，would need是定语从句的谓语，minimal maintenance是宾语。主句The concept was born使用被动语态。
翻译：这一概念诞生于二战后，当时德国城市规划者试图以可复制的方式种植大面积公园绿地，这种方式仅需极少的维护。
(2) Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. (para3, the second sentence)
分析：本句是一个简单句。Beautiful year-round是形容词短语作状语，they是主语指代前文提到的花园，invite是谓语，you to enjoy the smallest detail是宾语复合结构，from...to...引导的介词短语作后置定语修饰detail，其中包含两个并列的名词短语：the sound of grasses in the gentle wind和the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads。
翻译：这些花园四季皆美，邀您欣赏最细微的景致，从青草在微风中的沙沙声到奇特种穗的雕塑般形态。
Passage two【2024浙江1月C篇】
①On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Q28 Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. Q29 But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
②Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr. Stienwand says, Q29 “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
③The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
④One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. Q30 “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
⑤Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Q30 Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
This article introduces the hail suppression program in Alberta, Canada, as well as the different attitudes held by various stakeholders towards the program.
2. Complete the structure of the passage.
Topic: Alberta Hail Suppression Project
Part 1 (Para 1)
Induction: Insurance companies spent about $2million per year on 1. the Alberta Hail Suppression Project to prevent the 2. formation of hailstones,which lead to the3.dispute of farmers on downwind of the hail project flights
Part 2 (Para 2-4)
Part 3 (Para 5)
conclusion:private climate engineering can 10.proceed in relative 11. legal safety.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. What does the project aim to do
A. Conserve moisture in the soil. B. Prevent the formation of hailstones. 同义替换
C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
29. Who are opposed to the project
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta. 原词复现 B. Managers of insurance companies.
C. Provincial government officials. D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton
30. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.简化合并
D. To show the link between storms and moisture.
31. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. 同义替换
答案：BACD
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. 产生不良影响；危害
(2) But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. 干旱的，缺水的
(3) Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. 处理，对付
(4) Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. 播种，播撒
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. (para1, the third sentence)
分析：本句是一个复合句。before引导时间状语从句，seed是谓语，with a chemical是方式状语, to make
small ice crystals fall as rain不定式短语作目的状语，threatening是形容词，意为阴沉沉的。
翻译：飞机向具有威胁性的风暴云团播撒化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险冰雹钱提前化作雨水落下。
(2) Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. (para5, the second-to-last sentence)
分析：Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts是介词短语作原因状语，concerning是
现在分词作后置定语，修饰scientific proof.
翻译：由于缺乏科学证据来证明有关人工增雨的影响（害处），目前没有人能在法庭上赢得针对人工增雨公司的诉讼。
Passage three【2024九省联考B篇】
①Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. Q31This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other.
②Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground. Q28 Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. The most common predators of parrots include hawks, snakes, cats, monkeys, and bats. Some predators make attacks only during the day while others hunt in the night.
③As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks. Q29 Their first choice is to take flight. However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves.
④Q30Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind. For this reason, it is wise to avoid quick, sudden movements near your bird. This is a built-in reaction not subject to logic or reason. Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. Q30 For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind.
⑤Q31As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
Parrots, as prey animals, have instinctive behaviors shaped by wild predators that influence their reactions in household environments, and early exposure to new experiences can enhance their adaptability.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure
Parrots as 1.prey animals Part 1 (para 1) Core Influence Prey status influence parrots’ 2.behavior
Part 2 (para 2-4) Risk and Defence Risk ·Highest Risk: feeding on the ground ·Safety strategy: live in 3.groups Instinctive Reactions ·1st choice: 4.take flight ·2nd choice: 5.fight Specific Triggers ·Hawk as biggest enemy → reactive to6. quick movements ·Everyday items (balloon or hose) misread as threats
Part 3 (para 5) 8.Advice for owners 7.frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers 8.Advice ·9.expose your bird to safe experiences and changes at a very young age to build 10.flexibility and improve their11. adaptability ·12.Variety in diet and toys, travel
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
24. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild
A. Living in a group. 原词复现，同义替换 B. Growing beautiful feathers.
C. Feeding on the ground. D. Avoiding coming out at night.
25. What is parrots’ first response to an immediate risk
A. To attack back. B. To get away. 同义替换
C. To protect the young. D. To play dead.
26. Why would a balloon frighten a parrot
A. It may explode suddenly. B. It may be in a strange shape.
C. It may have a strong color. D. It may move around quickly.原词复现，同义替换
27. What is the author’s purpose of writing the text
A. To explain wild parrots’ behavior. B. To give advice on raising a parrot.总结概括
C. To call for action to protect animals. D. To introduce a study on bird ecology.
答案：ABDB
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④总结概括
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Their first choice is to take flight. 逃跑
(2) This is a built-in reaction not subject to logic or reason. 嵌固的，内建的；受...支配
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. (para2, the second sentence)
分析：membership为主语，in a group是介词短语作后置定语，修饰membership,plays为谓语，in ensuring
their safety 第一个介词短语作状语，说明作用的具体领域之一,and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators为并列的第二个介词短语，与 ensuring… 并列；其中 from attacks by predators 作后置定语，修饰 chances of survival，表明“从捕食者袭击中存活下来的几率”。
翻译：成为群体中的一员，在保障鹦鹉的安全以及提高它们从捕食者袭击中存活下来的几率方面，起着至关重要的作用。
(2) It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. (para5, the second sentence)
分析：本句是it作形式主语，真正主语为 to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes ; 其中
expose...to...为固定搭配，意为使......接触......; starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability，为不定式短语作目的状语。
翻译：从鹦鹉很小的时候就让它们接触安全的体验和变化，对于培养它们的灵活性和提升适应能力而言，是很重要的。
语篇相关话题词汇梳理
试题 子话题词汇
生态保护与低碳技术 环境管理与资源保护 土壤与生态系统维护
绿色技术 与减排 生态与可持续性 水资源与气候调控 土壤与生态系统 维护 野生动物生存 策略 人工干预与 生态影响
2025年浙江1月卷 C篇 carbon absorption 碳吸收 matrix planting 矩阵种植 eschewing fertilizers摒弃化肥 minimal maintenance低维护 modular planting mixes 模块化种植组合 right plant, right place 适地适树 sustainability 可持续性 conserves water 节水 stormwater runoff雨水径流 cooperative ecosystem 协同生态系统 discourages weeds抑制杂草 habitat 栖息地 biodiversity 生物多样性 wildlife 野生动物 human inputs reduced 减少人为干预
2024浙江 1月卷C篇 cloud seeding人工增雨 chemical 化学药剂 hailstorm 雹暴 hail suppression 防雹） moisture 水分 drought risk 干旱风险 storm cells 风暴云团 downwind 下风向地区 wet ground 湿润土地 Alberta Hail Suppression Project 阿尔伯塔防雹项目 Weather Modification Inc.天气改造公司 climate engineering 气候工程 legal safety 法律安全性
2024九省联考B篇
prey animals 猎物动物 predators 捕食者 hawks鹰 snakes蛇 survival 生存 take flight 逃跑） powerful beaks 强有力的喙 instinctively 本能地 adaptability 适应性 exposure to new items/strangers 接触新物品/陌生人 built-in reaction 固有反应
人教版教材相关话题词汇梳理
教材 单元 子话题词汇
生态保护与低碳技术 环境管理与资源保护 土壤与生态系统维护
绿色技术与减排 生态与可持续性 水资源与气候 调控 土壤与生态系统维护 野生动物生存 策略 人工干预与 生态影响
必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters rebuild 重建 revive 复兴 shelter 避难所 transportation 交通 industry 工业 environment 环境 aid 援助 supplies 补给品 foreign aid 外国援助 unity 团结 positive 积极的 brighter future 更光明未来 support 支持 efforts 努力 coastlines 海岸线 government officials 政府官员 missing 失踪人员 water 水 wells 水井 sand 沙土 rain 雨（隐含） drought 干旱（隐含） tsunami 海啸 earthquake 地震 undersea quake 海底地震 waves 巨浪 magnitude 震级 water 海水 roads 道路（受损） homes 家园 hotels 酒店 cars 汽车 swept away 被卷走 cracks 裂缝 houses 房屋 roads 道路 waterways 水道 hills 山丘 rivers of dirt 泥流 bricks 砖块 chickens 鸡 pigs 猪 dogs 狗 mice 老鼠 fish 鱼 cows 牛 fishermen 渔民 tourists 游客 army 军队 soldiers 士兵 doctors 医生 nurses 护士 workers 工人 deliver food 运送食物 damaged roads 受损道路 dangerous conditions 危险状况
Writing
假设你是李华，学生会主席。为响应市政府"低碳城市"建设号召，请你代表学生会写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们践行低碳生活。内容包括：
1. 说明低碳生活的重要性；
2. 提出具体实施建议（至少3条）；
3. 号召同学们共同参与。
Sample 1
Low-carbon Lifestyle Initiative
Dear fellow students,
As global warming worsens, adopting a low-carbon lifestyle has become essential for sustainable development. (开篇点明重要性，使用现在分词adopting作主语)
We can start by reducing our carbon footprint through simple daily actions: using renewable energy, recycling waste properly, and choosing public transport instead of private cars. (提出具体建议，使用动名词结构作宾语) However, many still waste resources unconsciously, which contradicts our environmental goals. (指出问题，which引导非限制性定语从句)
Only when every student takes action can we truly contribute to building an eco-friendly campus.(倒装句强调条件)Let's work together to create a greener future! (发出号召)
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
(98 words)
Sample 2
Low-carbon Lifestyle Initiative
Dear fellow students,
As the president of the Student Union, I'm writing to advocate for a low-carbon lifestyle, which is crucial for achieving sustainable development in our city. (表明身份和目的，which引导非限制性定语从句说明重要性)
The alarming increase in carbon emissions has led to severe climate change, making it imperative for us to take immediate action. (指出问题严重性，现在分词making作结果状语) Here are three practical suggestions: First, reduce energy consumption by using renewable energy sources like solar power. Second, minimize waste by recycling and reusing materials properly. Third, choose eco-friendly transportation such as cycling or public transit instead of private cars. (提出具体建议，使用动名词结构作宾语)
What deserves special attention is that small daily habits can collectively make a significant difference. (主语从句强调重要性) Let's work together to build a greener campus and contribute to our city's low-carbon goals! (发出号召)
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
(125 words)人与自然—自然生态与环境保护 “话题型”说明文（学生版）
“话题型”说明文基本结构: 引出话题—具体内容/特征/发展/利弊/争议—意义/影响/总结//建议
Passage one【2025年浙江1月卷C篇】
①A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.
②The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.
③Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads.
④It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth.
⑤The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular pared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The introduction of __________, a gardening method that mimics nature to create __________ and __________ ecosystems.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Topic: _______________________________
Part 1 (Para ________)Introduction & Definition
Definition: Introduces __________ and its core principle—gardening like nature.
Key Contrast: ________________________________________
Part 2 (Para ________)
Part 3 (Para_______) Benefits
For Gardeners:Less _______ (no watering/fertilizing).
For the Planet: Lists _______ benefits (_______, biodiversity, stormwater reduction).
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean
A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from.
C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of.
29. Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced
A. To control weeds in large gardens. B. To bring in foreign species of plants.
C. To conserve soil and water resources. D. To develop low-maintenance parkland.
30. Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens
A. Traditional. B. Odd-looking. C. Tasteful. D. Well-protected.
31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A. The future of gardening is WILD B. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS
C. Matrix gardens need more CARE D. Old garden plots work WONDERS
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. __________________
(2)While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. __________________
(3) The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. __________________
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.(para2, the first sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。when引导__________________，其中__________________是从句主语，__________________是谓语，__________________是宾语，__________________是时间状语，in a reproducible way是方式状语，that引导定语从句修饰___________，would need是定语从句的谓语，minimal maintenance是宾语。主句The concept was born使用被动语态。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. (para3, the second sentence)
分析：本句是一个简单句。Beautiful year-round是形容词短语作__________，they是主语指代前文提到的花园，__________是谓语，you to enjoy the smallest detail是__________，from...to...引导的介词短语作后置定语修饰detail，其中包含两个并列的名词短语：the sound of grasses in the gentle wind和the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Passage two【2024浙江1月C篇】
①On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
②Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
③The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
④One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
⑤Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
This article introduces _________________ in Alberta, Canada, as well as the held by various stakeholders towards the project.
2. Complete the structure of the passage.
Topic: _______________________________
Part 1 (Para 1)
Induction: Insurance companies spent about $2million per year on 1._________________ to prevent the
2.____________of hailstones,which lead to the 3.____________of farmers on downwind of the hail project
flight
Part 2 (Para 2-4)
Part 3 (Para 5)
conclusion:private climate engineering can 10. _______ in relative 11. _______.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. What does the project aim to do
A. Conserve moisture in the soil. B. Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
29. Who are opposed to the project
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta. B. Managers of insurance companies.
C. Provincial government officials. D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton
30. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D. To show the link between storms and moisture.
31. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. __________________
(2) But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. __________________
(3) Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. __________________
(4) Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.__________________
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. (para1, the third sentence)
分析：本句是一个复合句。before引导_________________，seed是_________________，with a chemical
是_________________, to make small ice crystals fall as rain_________________，threatening是形容词，意为_________________。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. (para5, the second-to-last sentence)
分析：Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts是_________________，concerning是现
在分词作_________________，修饰_________________.
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Passage three【2024九省联考B篇】
①Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other.
②Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground. Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. The most common predators of parrots include hawks, snakes, cats, monkeys, and bats. Some predators make attacks only during the day while others hunt in the night.
③As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight. However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves.
④Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind. For this reason, it is wise to avoid quick, sudden movements near your bird. This is a built-in reaction not subject to logic or reason. Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind.
⑤As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
Parrots, as__________animals, have __________ behaviors shaped by wild predators that influence their __________ in household environments, and early exposure to new experiences can enhance their __________.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure
Parrots as 1._______ animals Part 1 (para 1) Core Influence Prey status influence parrots’ 2.__________
Part 2 (para 2-4) Risk and Defence Risk ·Highest Risk: feeding on the ground ·Safety strategy: live in 3.__________ Instinctive Reactions ·1st choice: 4.__________ ·2nd choice: 5.__________ Specific Triggers ·Hawk as biggest enemy → reactive to 6.__________ movements ·Everyday items (balloon or hose) misread as threats
Part 3 (para 5) 8.__________ for owners 7.__________by exposure to new household items or strangers 7. Advice ·9.__________your bird to safe experiences and changes at a very young age to build 10.__________ and improve their 11.__________ ·12.__________ in diet and toys, travel
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
24. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild
A. Living in a group. B. Growing beautiful feathers.
C. Feeding on the ground. D. Avoiding coming out at night.
25. What is parrots’ first response to an immediate risk
A. To attack back. B. To get away.
C. To protect the young. D. To play dead.
26. Why would a balloon frighten a parrot
A. It may explode suddenly. B. It may be in a strange shape.
C. It may have a strong color. D. It may move around quickly.
27. What is the author’s purpose of writing the text
A. To explain wild parrots’ behavior. B. To give advice on raising a parrot.
C. To call for action to protect animals. D. To introduce a study on bird ecology.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④总结概括
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Their first choice is to take flight. __________
(2) This is a built-in reaction not subject to logic or reason. __________；__________
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. (para2, the second sentence)
分析：___________为主语，in a group是介词短语作___________，修饰___________,plays为___________，in ensuring their safety 第一个介词短语作___________，说明作用的具体领域之一,and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators为并列的第二个介词短语，与 ___________并列；其中 from attacks by predators 作___________，修饰 ___________，意为“从捕食者袭击中存活下来的几率”。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. (para5, the second sentence)
分析：本句是___________作形式主语，真正主语为 ______________________ ; 其中___________为
固定搭配，意为___________; starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their
adaptability，为不定式短语作___________。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
语篇相关话题词汇梳理
词汇 子话题词汇
生态保护与低碳技术 环境管理与资源保护 土壤与生态系统维护
绿色技术与减排 生态与可持续性 水资源与气候调控 土壤与生态系统维护 野生动物生存策略 人工干预与生态影响
试题词汇
教材词汇
Writing
假设你是李华，学生会主席。为响应市政府"低碳城市"建设号召，请你代表学生会写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们践行低碳生活。内容包括：
1. 说明低碳生活的重要性；
2. 提出具体实施建议（至少3条）；
3. 号召同学们共同参与。
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
