人与自然—自然生态与环境保护“研究发现型”说明文（教师版）
“研究发现型”说明文基本结构: 提出研究问题—阐述研究方法—呈现研究结果—分析研究价值
语篇分析
试题来源 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
2025新课标Ⅰ卷D篇 微塑料污染及应对措施 32. 写作手法题 Para. 1 issue
33. 细节理解题 Para. 3 method
34. 推理判断题 Para. 4 result
35. 推理判断题 Para. 5 value
语篇意义
本文以微塑料污染为核心，先展现其在全球范围的广泛存在（从自然环境到人体），再介绍 “煮沸 + 过滤” 的应对方法及局限性，最后强调问题的严峻性并引出专家建议。阅读本文可提升学生多方面素养 1. 信息获取与理解能力 学生能够需精准捕捉 “煮沸过滤法的效果差异”“碳酸钙含量的影响” 等细节，理解不同条件下除塑效率的变化，提升快速定位和解析关键信息的能力。 2. 写作逻辑与意图推断能力 学生能分析第一段通过列举深海、喜马拉雅山等实例呈现问题的手法，判断写作逻辑；结合瓶装水微塑料含量超预期的表述，推断作者对问题严重性的强调，锻炼逻辑分析与意图解读能力。 3. 环境危机认知与责任意识 通过了解微塑料的广泛分布，学生能直观认识到污染的全球性和危害性，增强对环境问题的关注，树立环保责任意识。 4. 逻辑推理与批判性思维能力 学生认识到 “煮沸过滤法” 存在的局限性（受水质、塑料类型等限制），学会辩证看待科研成果，理解解决环境问题的复杂性，培养批判性思维。 5. 语言运用与表达能力 学生通过阅读文章，接触 “microplastics”、“calcium carbonate” 等环境科学术语，学习科学说明文严谨的表述和清晰的逻辑结构，有助于学生提升对学术文本的理解与语言运用能力和表达能力。
2023新课标ⅠⅠ卷D篇 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
城市中的自然与人类互动 32. 细节理解题 Para. 1 issue
33. 推理判断题 Para. 3 method
34. 推理判断题 Para. 5 result
35. 细节理解题 Para. 6 value
语篇意义
本文围绕城市扩张背景下人类接触自然的机会减少这一现象展开，通过一项针对城市公园游客的研究，提出 "自然语言" 概念，探讨城市中的自然野性对人类福祉的重要性，以及如何通过识别自然体验模式促进人与自然的日常互动。通过阅读这篇文章，学生可以获得以下几方面的能力： 1. 信息筛选与定位能力 学生需要快速从文中定位关键信息，如城市中自然环境的现状（Para.1）、研究的具体方法（Para.3）、"自然语言" 的内涵（Para.4-5）等，培养精准抓取细节的能力。 2. 逻辑推理与分析能力 学生需理解研究过程与结论之间的逻辑关系，例如研究者对游客提交内容进行编码分类的目的（Para.3-4），以及举例说明 "自然语言" 如何应用于日常生活（Para.5），提升对科研逻辑和例证作用的分析能力。 3. 语言运用与表达能力 文章涉及与自然、城市相关的词汇，如 "urban areas（城市区域）"、"wildness（野性）"、"well-being（福祉）" 等，学生可通过语境推测词义，同时学习研究类文本的常用表达（如 "coding experiences into different categories"），丰富学术性词汇储备。 4. 环保意识与生活认知能力 学生能认识到城市中自然保护的重要性（Para.6），理解人与自然互动对生活质量的影响，进而树立环境保护意识，思考如何在日常生活中创造与自然接触的机会。 5. 跨学科思维与应用能力 文章融合了社会学（城市发展与人类需求）、心理学（自然对福祉的影响）、环境科学（自然保护）等跨学科知识，学生可通过分析研究结论与现实生活的联系，培养将理论知识应用于实际场景的能力。
2023年 四省联考卷C篇 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
介绍改善囚犯的心理健康 28. 细节理解题 Para. 1 situation
29. 细节理解题 Para. 2-3 solution
30. 推理判断题 Para. 4 result
31. 主旨大意题 全文 main idea
语篇意义
本文通过描述David James与监狱合作研究黑脉金斑蝶迁徙路径的案例，展现了科学探索与社会关怀的双重价值。阅读这篇文章，学生将在以下方面得到能力的提升： 1. 信息提取与整合能力 学生能够快速提取关键信息，如研究背景（蝴蝶迁徙路径未知）、解决方法（囚犯参与培育和标记蝴蝶）、以及研究结果（确认越冬地点）。同时理解标记技术的用途（通过标签邮件地址追踪路径）。 2. 科学与人文的交叉视角 文章展示了科学研究如何与人文关怀结合（改善囚犯心理健康），帮助学生认识到科学的社会意义，并培养跨学科思维。 3. 生态保护意识 通过研究结果（确定迁徙路径以种植乳草植物），学生能理解保护濒危物种的具体措施，强化生态保护的实践意义。 4. 逻辑推理与批判性思维 学生需分析段落间的逻辑链：研究困难→解决方案→科学发现→社会影响。通过对比传统研究方法的局限性（样本不足）与创新方法（囚犯参与），锻炼对问题解决策略的评估能力。 5. 语言运用与表达能力 文章涉及科学术语（如tagged, migration patterns）和人文词汇（如mental health, transformation），学生可学习如何用简洁语言描述复杂过程（如蝴蝶标记和追踪技术）。
Passage one【2025新课标Ⅰ卷D篇】
①Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — Q32 they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
②Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
③Crucially, Q33 this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
④Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Q34 Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
⑤Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. Q35 “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
Task 1: Reading for structure
1.What’s the main idea of the passage
The passage introduces the widespread presence of microplastics, a study on reducing them in tap water through boiling and filtering, and related expert suggestions.
2. Complete the structure of the passage.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph
A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept.
C. By giving examples. 简化合并 D. By providing statistics.
33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water
A. The hardness of water. 同义替换 B. The length of cooling time.
C The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water.
34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4
A. The importance of plastic recycling.
B. The severity of the microplastic problem. 原词复现
C. The danger in overusing pure water.
D. The difficulty in treating polluted water.
35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about
A. Choice of new research methods.
B. Possible direction for further study.
C. Need to involve more researchers.
D. Potential application of the findings. 简化合并
答案：CABD
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match skills with correct choices:
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas. 存在于
(2) Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics.
捕获，截留，此处指将塑料沉淀
(3) We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.
工厂
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences:
(1) In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. (Para 2, the second sentence)
分析：本句是主从复合句，"published..." 是过去分词短语作定语修饰 "study"；"that" 引导宾语从句，其中 "boiling... then filtering..." 是动名词短语作主语，说明研究方法和结果。
翻译：在周三发表于《环境科学与技术通讯》的一项研究中，中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸仅 5 分钟，冷却后再过滤，至少能去除其中 80% 的微塑料。
(2) “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice.” (last para , the third sentence)
分析：本句是主从复合句，"the way" 后引导定语从句, how microplastics were trappe是demonstrated 引导的宾语从句，were trapped 是被动语态，through引导的是方式状语。
翻译：他们对微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被沉淀的演示方法很不错。
Passage two【2023新课标ⅠⅠ卷D篇】
①Q32 As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
②Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
③The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
④Q33 Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
⑤Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. Q34 For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
⑥“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. Q35 And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1.What’s the main idea of the passage
The benefits of urban wildness for humans, with "nature language" helping daily human-nature interactions.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Urban Wild Nature Part 1 (para 1-2) Proposing the issue ·Rapid growth of cities leads to 1. less access to nature
Part 2 (para 3) Elaborating method ·Focus on a large urban park ·2. examine these submissions ·code the experiences into 3. categories
Part 3 (para 4-5) Presenting results ·“nature language”: a 4. pattern of categories begins to emerge ·nature experience creates a 5. usable language
Part 4 (para 6) Analyzing value ·nature language brings back 6. human-nature interactions ·people need to 7. protect nature
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A. Pocket parks are now popular. B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities. 原词复现
C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. People enjoy living close to nature.
33. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A. To compare different types of park-goers.
B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park.
D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries. 原词复现
34. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms. 简化合并
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
35. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation. 同义替换
C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication.
答案：BDCB
1. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
2. Match skills with correct choices:
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to fin迅速扩张
(2) If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. 规模较小的城市开放公园
(3) Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans. 尤指身心健康
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences:
(1) If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. (Para 1)
分析：这是一个由转折连词but连接的并列复合句，包含两个分句。前一分句中，If 引导条件状语从句，where you live为宾语从句；后一分句中，it为形式主语，真正的主语是to find places，that are relatively wild为定语从句，修饰先行词places。
翻译：如果你足够幸运，住所附近可能会有一个小型公园，但在城市里找到相对原始的自然区域却并不常见。
(2) Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being. (Para 2)
分析：这是一个由 but连接的并列复合句。前一分句为简单句，health and wellness benefits of nature是found的宾语；后一分句中，that引导宾语从句，从句主干为wildness is extremely important。
翻译：过去的研究已经发现大自然对人类的健康有益，但一项新的研究表明，城市中的自然野趣对人类的幸福感极为重要。
Passage three【2023年四省联考卷C】
①For years, Q29David James, who studies insects at Washington State University, had wanted to examine the migration (迁徙) patterns of West Coast monarch butterflies (黑脉金斑蝶). The route the butterflies travel has been hardly known because the populations are too small to follow. Q28For every 200 monarchs tagged (打标签) by a researcher, only one is usually recovered at the end of its trip, James says, and finding even 200 in the wild is unlikely. Knowing the route is vital to conservation efforts, but James had no way to figure it out - until he got a phone call from Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla.
②The prison was looking for new activities to improve the mental health of those serving long-term sentences. So James began working with prisoners to raise monarchs through the whole process of their transformation. The adult insects were then tagged and released from the prison. Over five years, nearly 10,000 monarchs flew from the facility. Elsewhere in Washington, Oregon and Idaho, researchers released another few thousand.
③The tags included email addresses, and soon after the first butterflies took off, James started receiving messages from people who had spotted them. The butterflies, the reports confirmed, wintered in coastal California. Twelve of them landed at Lighthouse Field State Beach in Santa Cruz. Several more headed to Bolinas and Morro Bay.
④Q31The work helps researchers identify new places to plant milkweed and other vegetation that are important to the life cycle of West Coast monarch butterflies. It also brought out the gentler side of some of the prisoners. "They were very worried that they were going to harm the butterflies," James says. Q30Watching the monarch change their form also touched the men. "This butterfly changed," James recalls prisoners telling him, "and maybe we can also too."
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
David James collaborated with prisoners to raise and tag West Coast monarch butterflies, tracking their migration to coastal California, which aided conservation and inspired the prisoners.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Monarch Migration Study Research Background （Para. 1） - Monarch migration patterns were unknown due to 1. small population sizes
- Traditional tagging methods were ineffective (only 2. 1/200 tags recovered)
Research Methods （Para. 2） - Partnered with 3. prison to raise/tag butterflies
- Released ~10,000 tagged monarchs over 5 years
- Used 4. email addresses on tags for public reporting
Research Findings （Para. 3） - Confirmed wintering locations in coastal California (Santa Cruz, Bolinas, Morro Bay)
- Identified key 5. habitats for milkweed planting
Research Significance （Para. 4） - Ecological: Supports butterfly 7. conservation
- Social: Improved prisoners' 8. mental health through transformative experience
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. What was hard for David to do in his study
A. Gain financial support. B. Hire qualified workers.
C. Build a new laboratory. D. Find enough monarchs. 原词复现
29. Why are the butterflies tagged before being released
A. To guarantee their safety. B. To enable them to fly longer distances.
C. To track their travel routes. 同义替换 D. To distinguish them from other species.
30. What makes the prisoners feel that they can change
A. The patience the butterflies showed. B. The hardship the butterflies underwent.
C. The transformation of the butterflies. 原词复现 D. The devotion of James to the butterflies.
31. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. The impact of the research. 简化合并 B. The findings of James’ study.
C. The release of the prisoners. D. The life cycle of the butterflies
答案：DCCA
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Over five years, nearly 10,000 monarchs flew from the facility. 监狱
(2) The prison was looking for new activities to improve the mental health of those serving long-term sentences. 服刑
(3) The tags included email addresses, and soon after the first butterflies took off, James started receiving messages from people who had spotted them. 发现
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) For years, David James, who studies insects at Washington State University, had wanted to examine the migration patterns of West Coast monarch butterflies.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。"who studies insects at Washington State University" 是定语从句，修饰先行词 "David James"。主句的谓语动词是 "had wanted"，"to examine the migration patterns of West Coast monarch butterflies" 是不定式作宾语。
翻译：多年来，在华盛顿州立大学研究昆虫的大卫 詹姆斯一直想研究西海岸黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙模式。
(2) The work helps researchers identify new places to plant milkweed and other vegetation that are important to the life cycle of West Coast monarch butterflies.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句的谓语动词是 "helps"，"help sb. do sth." 结构中，"identify new places..." 是不带 to 的不定式作宾语。"that are important to the life cycle of West Coast monarch butterflies" 是定语从句，修饰先行词 "milkweed and other vegetation"。
翻译：这项工作帮助研究人员找到种植马利筋和其他植物的新地点，这些植物对西海岸黑脉金斑蝶的生命周期至关重要。
语篇相关话题词汇梳理
试题 子话题词汇
自然系统与资源 人类干预行为 保护治理体系
实体结构 生态功能 社会影响 自然变化 人为破坏 政策与技术 责任原则
2025全国Ⅰ卷D篇 tap water 自来水 calcium carbonate 碳酸钙 hard water 硬水 drinking water treatment plants 饮用水处理厂 microplastics pollution 微塑料污染 plastic trapping mechanism 塑料捕获机制 water purification 水净化 microplastic exposure 微塑料暴露 health concerns 健康隐患 bottled water 瓶装水 microplastics distribution 微塑料分布 Antarctic snow contamination 南极雪污染 plastic production塑料生产 vinyl chloride contamination 氯乙烯污染 boiling filtration method 煮沸过滤法 water treatment upgrades 水处理升级 pollution reduction target污染减排目标 limit intake control 控制摄入
2023全国Ⅱ卷D篇 urban areas 城市区域 pocket park 口袋公园 large urban park 大型城市公园 fountain喷泉 established trail既定步道 wildness（荒野性） wildlife（野生动物） edge of water（水域边缘） waves（波浪） human well-being 人类福祉 meaningful interaction 有意义的互动 health and wellness benefits 健康与福祉益处 access to nature 接触自然的途径 nature language 自然语言 coding experiences 体验编码 human-nature interactions 人与自然互动
2023年四省联考英语试卷C篇 West Coast 美国西海岸 Washington State Penitentiary华盛顿州立监狱 migration patterns 迁徙模式 monarch butterflies 黑脉金斑蝶 life cycle 生命周期 winter越冬 improve the mental health 心理健康改善 prisoner transformation囚犯转变 conservation awareness 保护意识 population decline 种群数量下降 habitat fragmentation栖息地碎片化 tagging challenges 标记困难 limited research data 研究数据有限 tag标记 email address邮件地址 plant vegetation 植被种植
人教版教材相关话题词汇梳理
教材 单元 子话题词汇
自然系统与资源 人类干预行为 保护治理体系
实体结构 生态功能 社会影响 自然变化 人为破坏 政策与技术 责任原则
必修二 Unit 2 Wildlife Protec- tion snow-covered mountains 雪山 plains of Tibet/Xinjiang/Qinghai 西藏/新疆/青海草原 Changtang National Nature Reserve 羌塘国家级自然保护区 bridges and gates 桥梁和通道 animal habitats 动物栖息地 Tibetan antelopes 藏羚羊 endangered species 濒危物种 wildlife migration野生动物迁徙 biodiversity生物多样性 food chain食物链 illegal hunting 非法捕猎 valuable fur珍贵皮毛 sacred land神圣的土地 human-wildlife conflict人兽冲突 eco-tourism生态旅游 population decline 种群数量下降 habitat fragmentati-on 栖息地碎片化 climate change effects 气候变化影响 road/railway construction 道路/铁路建设 deforestation for paper 造纸砍伐森林 koala habitat destruction考拉栖息地破坏 illegal poaching 非法盗猎 population decline 种群数量下降 habitat fragmentation栖息地碎片化 climate change effects气候变化影响 volunteer patrols 志愿者巡逻 "save ourselves" philosophy "拯救人类自己"理念 harmony with nature 与自然和谐共处 equal protection for all species 所有物种平等保护 sustainable consumption 可持续消费
教材 单元 子话题词汇
自然系统与资源 人类干预行为 保护治理体系
实体结构 生态功能 社会影响 自然变化 人为破坏 政策与技术 责任原则
选择性 必修三 Unit 3 Environ- mental Protec- tion Arctic island of Svalbard 斯瓦尔巴群岛 Li River漓江 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 广西壮族自治区 Waterways 水道系统 greenhouse effect 温室效应 polar bear habitat 北极熊栖息地 fish species鱼类物种 water conservation水资源保护 tourist destination 旅游目的地 economic losses 经济损失 environmental awareness 环保意识 clean energy清洁能源 melting ice冰川融化 rising sea levels 海平面上升 water quality issues 水质问题 fossil fuel burning 化石燃料燃烧 tourist garbage 游客垃圾 industrial waste 工业废水 chemical fertilizers 化学肥料 "Water Ten Plan"水十条 "River Chief System" 河长制 waste water treatment 污水处理 garbage disposal methods 垃圾处理方法 carbon footprint 碳足迹 environmental regulations 环保法规 regular inspections 定期检查 pollution fines污染罚款
教材 单元 子话题词汇
自然系统与资源 人类干预行为 保护治理体系
实体结构 生态功能 社会影响 自然变化 人为破坏 政策与技术 责任原则
选择性 必修四 Unit 3 Sea Explora- tion carbon footprint 碳足迹 environ- mental regulations 环保法规 regular inspections 定期检查 pollution fines污染罚款 marine biodiversity海洋生物多样性 new species discovery 新物种发现 earthquake prediction 地震预测 carbon cycle碳循环 future generations后代子孙 economic needs 经济需求 medical discoveries 医药发现 food security粮食安全 ice melting冰层融化 climate feedback loops气候反馈循环 ocean acidifica- Tion 海洋酸化 oil spills 石油泄漏 plastic pollution 塑料污染 overfishing过度捕捞 Whaling 捕鲸活动 deep-sea mining 深海采矿 whaling ban捕鲸禁令 environmental monitoring 环境监测 sustainable technology 可持续技术 resource management资源管理 ecological balance 生态平衡 Intergeneration-al justice 代际公平 precautionary principle 预防原则 corporate accountability企业责任
Writing
假定你是学生会主席李华，你校将举办"校园环保周"活动。请根据以下要点写一封英文倡议书：
1. 当前校园环境问题（垃圾分类、能源浪费等）;
2. 环保周活动安排;
3. 呼吁同学参与。
Sample 1
Dear fellow students,
Our campus is facing serious environmental challenges, including improper waste sorting and excessive energy consumption. (背景介绍，用非谓语动词including列举问题) What worries us most is that nearly 40% of recyclable waste ends up in landfills due to careless disposal. (使用主语从句强调问题严重性)
To address these issues, we will organize various activities during Eco-Week from May 10th to 16th. (活动安排，用将来时态) Not only will there be waste classification workshops, but also an energy-saving competition to raise awareness. (倒装句强调活动多样性) Those who perform well will receive eco-friendly prizes. (定语从句说明奖励机制)
Let’s take action now, for every small effort counts in protecting our planet. (呼吁参与，用祈使句增强感染力) Only by working together can we create a greener campus. (倒装句强调集体努力的重要性)
Li Hua
Students’ Union President
(98 words)
Sample 2
Dear fellow students,
As we all know, our campus is currently facing severe environmental challenges that demand immediate attention. (背景引入，使用宾语从句) Recent surveys indicate that over 50% of recyclable waste is improperly disposed of, while unnecessary energy consumption amounts to approximately 1,500 kWh monthly. (数据支撑，使用while连接并列句)
To tackle these issues, our Eco-Week from May 10th to 16th will feature a series of meaningful activities. (过渡句，引出活动安排) Not only will we conduct waste classification workshops supervised by environmental experts, but also organize an inter-class energy conservation competition. (倒装句强调活动亮点) Additionally, those who demonstrate outstanding performance will be awarded with sustainable gifts made from recycled materials. (定语从句说明奖励机制)
Let's join hands to make a difference! (呼吁行动) Remember: it is our shared responsibility to protect the environment where we study and live. (强调句突出重要性) Only by taking concrete actions can we truly create a greener and more sustainable campus. (倒装句总结)
Li Hua
Students' Union President
(128 words)
选择性必修第三册Unit 3 Climate Change Requires the World’s Attention人与自然—自然生态与环境保护“研究发现型”说明文（学生版）
“研究发现型”说明文基本结构: 提出研究问题—阐述研究方法—呈现研究结果—分析研究价值
Passage one【2025新课标Ⅰ卷D篇】
①Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
②Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
③Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
④Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
⑤Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
Task 1: Reading for structure
1.What’s the main idea of the passage
The passage introduces the _________________of microplastics, a study on reducing them in tap water through _________________, and related expert suggestions.
2. Complete the structure of the passage.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph
A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept.
C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics.
33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water
A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time.
C The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water.
34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4
A. The importance of plastic recycling.
B. The severity of the microplastic problem.
C. The danger in overusing pure water.
D. The difficulty in treating polluted water.
35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about
A. Choice of new research methods.
B. Possible direction for further study.
C. Need to involve more researchers.
D. Potential application of the findings.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match skills with correct choices:
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas. __________
(2) Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics. ___________
(3) We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics. __________
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences:
(1) In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. (Para 2, the second sentence)
分析：本句是主从复合句，published是过去分词短语作______修饰 study；that 引导___________，其中 boiling... then filtering是动名词短语作_______，说明研究方法和结果。
翻译：_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
(2) “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice.” (last para , the third sentence)
分析：本句是主从复合句， “the way” 后引导______从句, how microplastics were trapped 是 _________引导的宾语从句，were trapped 是__________，through 引导的是___________。
翻译：_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Passage two【2023新课标ⅠⅠ卷D篇】
①As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
②Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
③The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
④Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
⑤Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
⑥“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The________of urban wildness for humans, with “_______________” helping daily human-nature interactions.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Urban Wild Nature Part 1 (para _____ ) Proposing the issue ·Rapid growth of cities leads to 1. _________ to nature
Part 2 (para _____ ) Elaborating method ·Focus on a large urban park ·2. __________ these submissions ·code the experiences into 3. ________
Part 3 (para _____ ) Presenting results ·“nature language” a 4. _______ of categories begins to emerge ·nature experience creates a 5. ____________
Part 4 (para _____ ) Analyzing value ·nature language brings back 6. ____________________ ·people need to 7. _______________
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A. Pocket parks are now popular. B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. People enjoy living close to nature.
33. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A. To compare different types of park-goers.
B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park.
D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
34. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
35. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match skills with correct choices:
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. ____________
(2) If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. _______________
(3) Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans. __________________
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences:
(1) If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city
that are relatively wild. (para 1, the second sentence))
分析：这是一个由转折连词but连接的并列复合句，包含两个分句。前一分句中，If 引导_______，where you live为____________；后一分句中，it为形式主语，真正的主语是____________，that are relatively wild为___________，修饰先行词______。
翻译：_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
(2) Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that
wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being. (para 2, the first sentence))
分析：这是一个由 but连接的并列复合句。前一分句为简单句，health and wellness benefits of nature是found的_______；后一分句中，that引导_________，从句主干为______________________。
翻译:__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Passage three【2023年四省联考卷C】
①For years, David James, who studies insects at Washington State University, had wanted to examine the migration (迁徙) patterns of West Coast monarch butterflies (黑脉金斑蝶). The route the butterflies travel has been hardly known because the populations are too small to follow.For every 200 monarchs tagged (打标签) by a researcher, only one is usually recovered at the end of its trip, James says, and finding even 200 in the wild is unlikely. Knowing the route is vital to conservation efforts, but James had no way to figure it out - until he got a phone call from Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla.
②The prison was looking for new activities to improve the mental health of those serving long-term sentences. So James began working with prisoners to raise monarchs through the whole process of their transformation. The adult insects were then tagged and released from the prison. Over five years, nearly 10,000 monarchs flew from the facility. Elsewhere in Washington, Oregon and Idaho, researchers released another few thousand.
③The tags included email addresses, and soon after the first butterflies took off, James started receiving messages from people who had spotted them. The butterflies, the reports confirmed, wintered in coastal California. Twelve of them landed at Lighthouse Field State Beach in Santa Cruz. Several more headed to Bolinas and Morro Bay.
④The work helps researchers identify new places to plant milkweed and other vegetation that are important to the life cycle of West Coast monarch butterflies. It also brought out the gentler side of some of the prisoners. "They were very worried that they were going to harm the butterflies," James says. Watching the monarch change their form also touched the men. "This butterfly changed," James recalls prisoners telling him, "and maybe we can also too."
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
David James collaborated with prisoners to raise and tag West Coast monarch butterflies, tracking their migration to coastal California, which aided conservation and inspired the prisoners.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Monarch Migration Study Research Background （Para. 1） - Monarch migration patterns were unknown due to 1. population sizes
- Traditional tagging methods were ineffective (only 2. tags recovered)
Research Methods （Para. 2） - Partnered with 3. to raise/tag butterflies
- Released ~10,000 tagged monarchs over 5 years
- Used 4. on tags for public reporting
Research Findings （Para. 3） - Confirmed wintering locations in coastal California (Santa Cruz, Bolinas, Morro Bay)
- Identified key 5. for milkweed planting
Research 6. 0 （Para. 4） - Ecological: Supports butterfly 7. 0
- Social: Improved prisoners' 8. health through transformative experience
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. What was hard for David to do in his study
A. Gain financial support. B. Hire qualified workers.
C. Build a new laboratory. D. Find enough monarchs.
29. Why are the butterflies tagged before being released
A. To guarantee their safety. B. To enable them to fly longer distances.
C. To track their travel routes. D. To distinguish them from other species.
30. What makes the prisoners feel that they can change
A. The patience the butterflies showed. B. The hardship the butterflies underwent.
C. The transformation of the butterflies. D. The devotion of James to the butterflies.
31. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. The impact of the research. B. The findings of James’ study.
C. The release of the prisoners. D. The life cycle of the butterflies
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Over five years, nearly 10,000 monarchs flew from the facility._____________
(2) The prison was looking for new activities to improve the mental health of those serving long-term sentences. ____________
(3) The tags included email addresses, and soon after the first butterflies took off, James started receiving messages from people who had spotted them. ______________________
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) For years, David James, who studies insects at Washington State University, had wanted to examine the migration patterns of West Coast monarch butterflies.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。"who studies insects at Washington State University" 是 ，修饰
先行词 "David James"。主句的谓语动词是 " "，"to examine the migration patterns of West Coast monarch butterflies" 是 作 。
翻译：_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
(2) The work helps researchers identify new places to plant milkweed and other vegetation that are important to the life cycle of West Coast monarch butterflies.
分析：本句是一个 。主句的谓语动词是 "helps"，"help sb. do sth." 结构中，"identify new places..." 是不带 to 的不定式作 。"that are important to the life cycle of West Coast monarch butterflies" 是 ，修饰先行词 "milkweed and other vegetation"。
翻译：_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
语篇相关话题词汇梳理
词汇 子话题词汇
自然系统与资源 人类干预行为 保护治理体系
实体结构 生态功能 社会影响 自然变化 人为破坏 政策与技术 责任原则
试题词汇
教材词汇
Writing
假定你是学生会主席李华，你校将举办“校园环保周”活动。请根据以下要点写一封英文倡议书：
1. 当前校园环境问题（垃圾分类、能源浪费等）;
2. 环保周活动安排;
3. 呼吁同学参与。
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
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