人与自我—价值观念与生活态度“研究发现型”说明文（教师版）
“研究发现型”说明文基本结构: 研究发现—研究过程—研究结论
语篇分析
试题来源 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
2022浙江卷6月C篇 探讨适度工作与工作效率 27. 细节理解题 Para. 2 research findings
28. 词义猜测题 Para. 3 contextual meaning
29. 推理判断题 Para. 4 conclusion
30. 推理判断题 全文 advocacy
语篇意义
本文探讨了影响工作效率的因素，挑战了“拼命工作、埋头苦干才能成功”的传统观念，强调适度努力包括社交互动、适当脱离任务等工作习惯和积极情绪对提高工作表现的重要性。阅读这篇文章，学生将在多个方面得到能力的提升： 1.信息获取与理解能力 学生能够从文中获取Ellen Langer的研究结果，理解适度努力比过度努力或完全不努力更能提高表现。同时，能理解社交互动和积极情绪如何影响工作效率，加深对职场工作的深度认知。 2.批判性思维与分析能力 文章对比了不同工作状态的效果（如“拼命工作” vs. “适度努力”），引用其他研究者观点指出工作中社交互动的必要性，不同于传统观点，学生需要分析这些观点的合理性，并思考如何在现实生活中应用这些发现，在之后职业道路上做出理智分析判断。 3.职场认知与社交思维拓展 文章阐述独自用餐和社交用餐在不同文化背景下产生的不同认知影响，介绍了职场中社交互动等对工作的积极影响，有助于学生形成对职场的正确认知，拓展思维，认识到除了努力工作外，其他因素也能促进工作效率和创造力的提升。 4.逻辑推理与语境推断能力 学生需要理解文章各部分的逻辑关系，如研究过程数据（Para.2）、职场现象（Para.3）和专家建议（Para.4）之间的联系，并推断出作者的核心观点。文章中出现了 “go-getter” 需要结合语境理解的词汇，学生通过上下文可推测其含义，这有助于提升学生根据语境推断词义的能力，培养正确的阅读思维。 5.语言运用与表达能力 文章涉及心理学、职场文化等领域的词汇和专业术语（如“moderation”，“go-getter” ，“conscientiousness（尽责性）”，“productivity”），涉及跨学科，学生课外词汇量得到丰富，在阅读中可以整合这些跨学科知识，拓宽知识面，增强综合分析和解决问题的能力。此外，文章结构清晰，学生通过阅读能够学习引用事实研究或观点论证文章的写作写法，有助于提高学生的逻辑表达能力，提高自身写作能力。
2020浙江卷1月 C篇 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
父亲对子女毅力的影响 28. 细节理解题 Para. 1, 3 creativity
29. 推理判断题 Para. 4 core concept
30. 细节理解题 Para. 6 future direction
31. 主旨大意题 全文 main idea
语篇意义
本文通过Brigham Young大学的研究，揭示了父亲在培养子女毅力（persistence）方面的独特作用，揭示权威式教育风格（温暖、规则解释、适度自主）如何通过影响毅力进而提升学业成就，并指出单亲家庭等群体可作为未来研究方向。阅读这篇文章，学生将在以下方面获得能力提升： 信息定位与整合能力 学生需从研究中提取关键结论（如父亲角色对毅力的影响、权威式教养的特征），并区分权威型（authoritative）与专制型（authoritarian）教养方式的差异，理解两者在“规则解释”（Para.4）和 “自主权赋予”上的本质区别。 批判性思维与生活关联能力 学生通过辨析 “权威式”与 “专制式”教育的本质区别（如规则解释vs强制控制），反思家庭教育中权威式父亲在生活中的具体表现。此外，评估研究局限性（单亲家庭未覆盖→Para.6），也培养了学生的批判性思维。 学术研究逻辑理解能力 学生通过阅读研究设计（跟踪325个家庭数年）、数据结论（52%父亲展现高权威教养）到未来方向（单亲家庭延伸研究）的完整链条，可掌握社会科学研究的论证逻辑。 核心概念应用能力 文中关键术语如 “persistence”（毅力）、 “authoritative parenting”（权威式教养）、 “autonomy”（自主权）需结合具体语境理解（如Para.4对权威式教养的三要素定义），深化对教育心理学概念的认知。 社会文化意识提升 研究打破"父亲在教养中边缘化"的刻板印象，引导学生关注家庭互动模式的文化差异，思考不同家庭结构中（双亲/单亲）毅力培养的多元化路径。
2024 河南省开封市高三上学期第一次模拟考 C 篇 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
探讨智能手机 APP（PEACH）对人格特质改变的作用及相关研究 28. 细节理解题 Para. 1 motivation
29. 细节理解题 Para. 2 preparation
30. 细节理解题 Para. 3 method
31. 推理判断题 Para. 5，6 outcome
语篇意义
本文介绍了一项关于智能手机 APP（PEACH）能否帮助人们改变人格特质的研究，包括研究背景、过程及结果，展现了科技在个人成长与自我认知领域的应用潜力。阅读这篇文章，学生将在多个方面得到能力的提升： 1. 信息获取与理解能力 学生能够从文中快速获取该研究的基本信息，包括研究目的、PEACH 的功能（如日记、仪表板、聊天机器人互动等）及研究的具体过程，同时理解该 APP 相较于传统人格改变方式的特点，如便捷性、针对性等。 2. 自我认知与成长意识 文章围绕人格特质的可变性展开，通过研究案例让学生认识到个人特质并非完全固定，而是可以通过有针对性的努力和工具辅助进行调整，有助于激发学生对自我成长的关注和探索欲，引导他们思考如何更好地塑造自己的人格。 3. 科技应用与理性看待能力 文章介绍了 PEACH 依靠数字化手段辅助人格改变的特点，能让学生了解科技在心理学领域的应用，同时培养学生理性看待科技产品的能力，既认识到其积极作用，也不盲目依赖。 4. 逻辑推理与分析能力 学生在阅读过程中需要理解文章各段落之间的逻辑关系，如研究背景、APP 功能介绍、研究过程与研究结果之间的联系。通过分析对照组与实验组的差异、自我报告与观察者报告的一致性等，锻炼逻辑推理和分析能力。 5. 语言运用与表达能力 学生通过阅读文章，可以学习到一些与心理学、科技相关的专业术语和表达方式，如 “personality traits”“control group”“intervention” 等。文章结构清晰，逻辑严谨，有助于学生提高语言运用和表达能力，学会清晰阐述研究类内容。
Passage one【2022浙江卷6月C篇】
C
①Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but Q27 &Q30research has found that moderation (适度) also gets results on the job.
②In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. Q30High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.
③How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces.Q28 The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood (情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
④Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Q29Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
Moderation and positive mood lead to better job performance and creativity than overworking.
2. Complete the structure of the passage.
Moderation and work effectiveness Part 1(Para 1) Research 1.finding moderation contribute to good job performance
Part 2 (Para 2) Research 2.process Researcher: Ellen Langer (Harvard) Task: Translate sentences into a made-up language Groups: Moderate practice vs. 3.extensive practice/no practice 4.Disadvantages of over practice: ·High levels of knowledge → 5.traditional thoughts ·High conscientiousness →lower job performance in simple task Results:Moderate practice makes fewer 6.errors
Part3 (Para 3-4) Conclusion Workplace Observation: hardworking (e.g., eating at desk) vs. social breaks (e.g., chatting at lunch) Benefits of social 7.interaction: ·Cheerful mood ·New directions in thinking ·Post-lunch effort improvement Value of off-task time: 8.Fresh ideas Importance of positive mood: ·Higher levels of productivity and 9.creativity ·10.Satisfaction increase ·More 11.effective work
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
27. What does Ellen Langer’s study show
A. It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist
B. Translation makes people knowledgeable.
C. Simpler jobs require greater caution.
D. Moderate effort produces the best result. 同义替换、原词复现
28. The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone Who_______.
A. is good at handling pressure B. works hard to become successful 同义替换
C. a has a natural talent for his job. D. gets on well with his co-workers
29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. A good thinker is able to inspire other people.
B. Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C. A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind. 同义替换、原词复现
D. Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
30. What does the text seem to advocate
A. Middle-of-the-road work habits. 简化合并 B. Balance between work and family.
C. Long-standing cultural traditions. D. Harmony in the work environment.
答案：DBCA
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并 ⑤正话反说
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. 提前、预先
(2) The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. 轻蔑的脸色、嫌弃的眼神
(3) Markman also promotes off-task time. 非任务的、非工作的
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office.
分析：本句是一个并列复合句, 包含两个由并列连词"while"连接的分句，"while"意为然而。第一个分句，who引导一个定语从句, 修饰先行词banker；另一个分句同样who引导一个定语从句, 修饰先行词colleagues。
翻译：那位在办公桌前吃午餐的年轻银行家，很可能被视为积极进取之人，而他的同事们若在会议室悠闲用餐聊天，则会招来高管办公室的白眼。
(2) Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working
on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句, that引导一个定语从句, 修饰先行词things，从句中还包含一个由what引导的宾语从句。
翻译：善于思考的人，其特质之一在于体验那些看似与当下工作无关、却能激发工作新灵感的事物。
Passage two【2020年浙江卷1月C篇】
①Today’s world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. Key skill set for success is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Q27 & Q30Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.
②BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 American families over several years. And over time, the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in school.
③ Q27“There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers,” Padilla-Walker said. “This research also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence-which can be taught-are key to a child’s life success.”
④Researchers determined that dads need to practice an “authoritative” parenting style. Authoritative parenting is not authoritarian:rigid, demanding or controlling. Q28 Rather, an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following characteristics:children feel warmth and love from their father；responsibility and the reasons behind rules are stressed; children are given an appropriate level of autonomy(自主权).
⑤In the study, about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school.
⑥This particular study examined 11 to 14-year-olds living in two-parent homes. Q29Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence, which is an avenue of future research.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
BYU research reveals that fathers uniquely cultivate adolescents’ persistence through authoritative parenting (warmth, rule-explaining, autonomy), enhancing school success/ academic achievement, with future studies needed on single parents.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
27. What is special about the BYU professors' study
A. It centered on fathers’ role in parenting. 同义替换
B. It was based on a number of large families.
C. It analyzed different kinds of parenting styles.
D. It aimed to improve kids' achievement in school.
28. What would an authoritative father do when raising his children
A. Ignore their demands. B. Make decisions for them.
C. Control their behaviors. D. Explain the rules to them. 同义替换,原词复现
29. Which group can be a focus of future studies according to the researchers
A. Single parents.原词复现，简化合并 B. Children aged from 11 to 14.
C. Authoritarian fathers. D. Mothers in two-parent homes.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Three Characteristics of Authoritative Fathers.
B. Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in Future.
C. Children Tend to Learn Determination from Father. 简化合并，同义替换
D. Family Relationship Influences School Performance.
答案：ADAC
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并 ⑤正话反说
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Key skill set for success is persistence, a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. (关键技能的)组合
(2) Researchers determined that dads need to practice an “authoritative” parenting style.养育, 抚养
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) A key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school.(para5, last sentence)
分析：这是一个三重嵌套结构的复合句，主句（A key finding is that...）为主系表结构，连词that引导表语从句，其内还包含一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句。过去分词短语“raised by...”为非谓语动词短语，充当 “children”的后置定语，与“children”形成被动关系。
翻译：一项关键发现表明：随着时间的推移，由权威型父亲抚养的孩子明显更有可能培养出毅力，而这种毅力会带来更优异的学业表现。
(2) Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence, which is an avenue of future research. (para 6, last sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。that引导宾语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，先行项为“that”从句所述之事。
翻译：然而，研究者指出，单亲家庭同样可能培养孩子的毅力，这是未来研究的路径。
Passage three【2024河南省开封市高三上学期第一次模拟考C篇】
①Several years ago, Sibill Schilter, a student at the University of Zurich, learned that her school was hiring people to test whether a smartphone App could help someone change their personality traits. Q28 Curious to learn more about herself, Schilter signed up. Maybe, she thought, she was a little too agreeable.
②For decades, psychologists have debated whether these traits are fixed or changeable. The study that Schilter participated in was designed to test whether using an App daily for three months would be enough to create noticeable and lasting personality changes. Q29 Each participant chose one trait they wanted to increase or decrease.
③The App, called PEACH (PErsonality coACH), works like a diary, a dashboard (仪表板), and a text messaging channel rolled into one. On the dashboard, users can see an overview of their goals, a calendar that shows their progress, and their tasks for the week. For instance, someone who wants to be more careful may be assigned to do homework for one hour after coming home from classes. Q30 The App sends the user two push notifications every day to remind him/her, and if the user makes progress, it will show up on the dashboard.
④Users can also talk with a sort of digital coach, a chatbot also named “Peach”, about their daily activities. The chatbot might ask which task they are working on or how stressed they are. Users can also choose to complete a daily diary, doing a self-assessment of five main personality traits. (For example: How would you describe yourself today — shy or outgoing )
⑤In a study published in February in Proceedings of the National, Academy of Sciences the researchers concluded that the App works. The study was conducted with 1,523 pared to the control group, the users who received the smartphone intervention showed more self-reported personality trait changes toward their goals.
⑥Q31 Overall, friends, family members, or close partners who volunteered to observe the participants also noticed the personality changes, with both self-reported and observer-reported changes existing for three months after the end of the study.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The article introduces a study on the app called PEACH , which tests if daily use for three months can bring noticeable and lasting personality changes, with results showing it works as both users and observers noticed changes lasting three months.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
`
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. Why did Sibill Schilter sign up for the test
A. To understand her personality better.同义替换 B. To make changes to a smartphone App.
C. To make friends with outgoing people. D. To learn more about goal-setting.
29. What are participants required to do before the test
A. To use the App for three months. B. To learn to establish realistic goals.
C. To share their dream with each other. D. To consider the changes they want to make.简化合并
30. How does the App remind its users of their tasks
A. By sending out a special signal.
B. By requiring them to keep a diary.
C. By sending messages to them.原词复现，同义替换
D. By displaying their goals constantly.
31. What can we learn about the results of the study
A. The App needs to be improved in many ways.
B The App turns the users more outgoing.
C. The App can also influence the observers’ behavior.
D The App has a lasting effect on the users’ personalities.同义替换
答案：ADCD
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Maybe, she thought, she was a little too agreeable. (性格)随和的，容易相处的
(2) On the dashboard, users can see an overview of their goals, a calendar that shows their progress, and their tasks for the week. 总体概览，总的看法
(3) Users can also talk with a sort of digital coach, a chatbot also named “Peach”, about their daily activities.聊天机器人
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) The study that Schilter participated in was designed to test whether using an App daily for three months would be enough to create noticeable and lasting personality changes. (para2, the second sentence)
分析：本句是一个复合句，包含两个分句，分别是连词that引导的定语从句，用于修饰先行词the study,以及连词whether引导的宾语从句。后一分句的主语是using an App daily for three months，它是一个动名词短语。
翻译：Schilter参与的这项研究旨在测试一款应用程序，即每天使用这款应用程序且持续三个月，是否足以产生显著且持久的性格变化。
(2) Overall, friends, family members, or close partners who volunteered to observe the participants also noticed the personality changes, with both self-reported and observer-reported changes existing for three months after the end of the study.(para 6)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句, who引导一个定语从句, 修饰先行词friends, family members, or close partners。从句后还跟着一个 “with的复合结构”，“both self-reported and observer-reported changes ”为该结构的宾语，非谓语动词 “existing for three months”为宾语补足语。
翻译：总体而言，自愿观察该研究被试的朋友、家人或亲密伴侣也注意到了这些性格变化，且在研究结束后，被试者自己和他们的观察者都称这些变化在研究结束后持续了三个月。
语篇相关话题词汇梳理
试题 子话题词汇
个人成长与发展 人际关系与社会互动 观念影响因素
提升与成长 性格与品质 家庭与工作 社会与价值 实际因素 与影响方式
2022浙江卷6月C篇 practice beforehand 预先练习 practice extensively 广泛练习 be good at handling pressure 擅长处理压力 promote off-task time 提昌非任务时间 lift mood 改善情绪 think in new directions 开拓新的思考方向 high levels of knowledge 高水平知识 conscientiousness 尽责性 moderation 适度 knowledgeable 知识渊博的 perfectionist 完美主义者 make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems 使人们过于固守传统的思维方式 caution 小心、谨慎 work to the maximum 最大限度工作 chat over a relaxed conference -room 在休闲会议室聊天 get dirty looks from the corner office 招到高管办公室的白眼 get on well with co-workers 与同事相处愉快 harmony in the work environment 和谐工作环境 middle-of-the -road work habits 适度工作习惯 life satisfaction 生活满足感 value relationships 重视人际关系 productivity 生产力 creativity 创造性 inspire 激励 effective 有效的 positive mood 积极情绪 cheerful mood 愉悦情绪 psychology 心理学 social interaction 社会性互动
2020年浙江卷1月C篇 adjustment 调整、适应 adolescent 青春期的 an appropriate level of autonomy 适当的自主权 school performance 学校表现 persistence 毅力 characteristic 特征 rigid 死板的、固执的 demanding 苛求的 controlling 控制欲强的 responsibility 责任感 determination 决心 authoritarian 专制型 feel warmth and love 感受到温暖与爱 two-parent home 双亲家庭 single parent 单亲家庭 parenting style 抚养模式 family relationship 家庭关系 ignore one’s demands 忽视需求 control one’s behaviors 控制行为 authoritative parenting 权威型教养 develop persistence 培养毅力 lead to better outcomes 产生好结果 make decisions for 为...做决定 achievement 成就 stress the unique role of fathers 强调父亲的独特角色 center on fathers’ role in parenting 重视父亲在抚养中的角色
2024年河南省开封市高三上学期第一次模拟考试C篇 learn more about oneself 更加了解自己 participate in 参加 an overview of one’s goals 目标概述 establish realistic goals 设立实际性目标 make progress 取得进步 personality traits 性格特征 fixed 固定的 changeable 可改变的 careful 小心的、谨慎的 outgoing people 外向人群
work on 从事 family members 家庭成员 close partners 亲密同伴 make friends with 和...交朋友 create noticeable and lasting personality changes 实现显著且持久的人格改变 work 起作用 have a lasting effect on 产生持续性影响 smartphone App 智能手机软件 smartphone intervention 智能手机干预 push notifications 推送通知 remind someone 提醒某人 talk with a sort of digital coach 与数字教练对话 do a self-assessment 做个人评估
人教版教材相关话题词汇梳理
教材 单元 子话题词汇
个人成长与发展 人际关系与社会互动 观念影响因素
提升与成长 性格与品质 家庭与工作 社会与价值 实际因素 与影响方式
必修三 Unit 2 Morals and virtues carry through a life of hard choices 度过艰难抉择的人生 study all the life 终身学习 instead of following traditional path 而不是遵循传统道路 despite the difficult situation 尽管面临困难 responsible 有责任心的 kindness 善良 pay it forward 让爱传递 continue the chain of kindness 延续善良的锁链 creative 有创造力的 a determination to help people 帮助他人的决心 shy 害羞的 energetic and positive young people 有活力且积极向上的年轻人 passive children 被动型儿童 complain 抱怨 reject the offer 拒绝工作 charge low fees to treat patients 收取治疗病患低的费用 entrust ... with life 将生命委托给... do whatever someone could do to assist people 尽自己所能去帮助他人 train the next generations 培养下一代 leave savings to a fund 把存款捐给基金 play a key role 发挥重要作用 succeed in doing 成功做... heart 内心 principle 原则 think of all the people still in need of help 考虑到需要帮助的人们 war 战争 be deeply affected by 受到...的深深影响
教材 单元 个人成长与发展 人际关系与社会互动 观念影响因素
提升与成长 性格与品质 家庭与工作 社会与价值 实际因素 与影响方式
选择性必修一 Unit 1 People of achievement show promise in the fight against... 在对抗...展现希望 after failing more than... times 在失败多达...次后 make sure 确保 continue to do 继续做... manage to do 设法完成（最后成功做成） test a collection of 测试一系列... insist on 坚持 committed 尽心尽力的、坚定的 patient 耐心的 would not acknowledge defeat 绝不认输 a courageous and kind figure loved by many people 一位受到许多人喜爱的勇敢且善良的人物 gentle 绅士的 peculiarities 怪癖、古怪 quit one’s job 停止工作 enter research full-time 进行全职研究 test the medicine on themselves 以身试药 team effort 团队努力 ask for help with 寻求帮助解决... save lives 拯救生命 all the people of my country 全国人民 be awarded to 被授予... make numerous contributions to the world 对世界做出数不胜数的贡献 be recorded as a miracle 被记录为奇迹 make great achievements in 在...取得巨大成就 prove the great value of 证明...的巨大价值 an honour for ......的荣誉 die from 死于... out of a strong passion for knowledge 出于对知识的巨大热情 circumstance change 环境改变
教材 单元 个人成长与发展 人际关系与社会互动 观念影响因素
提升与成长 性格与品质 家庭与工作 社会与价值 实际因素 与影响方式
选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and scientists overcome some difficulties 克服困难 rise to do 奋起/积极应对 once and for all 彻底地、最终地 make the decision to 做出决定去... pursue 追寻 discourage someone from doing 使某人泄气、阻拦某人做... take on the challenge 迎接挑战 make a mistake 犯错 be willing to admit one’s fault 敢于承认错误 never lose desire 永不失去热情 scientific spirit 科学精神 patriotic 爱国的 well-respected 值得尊敬的 leadership 领导力 be able to make the same things that other people make 能做成别人做的事情 brave勇敢的 be willing to say what others are afraid to say 敢于说出别人不敢说的事物 dream of what others are afraid to dream out 敢于梦想别人不敢想的事 subscribe to 赞同 need proof 需要证据 investigate 调查 be determined to find out why 下定决心查明原因 tireless efforts 不懈努力 serve his homeland with effort, achievement and devotion 以努力、成就和忠诚报效祖国 switch his major to 转专业去... conduct important research 开展重要研究 the question and answer period 问答环节 a substantial decrease 显著下降、减少 transform the way 转变方法 be considered the father of 被认为是...之父 no one have a greater impact on... than... 没有人比...对...的影响更大 receive a hero’s welcome from his homeland 收到祖国英雄般的欢迎 earn the name of 赢得...的名声 outstanding 杰出的 prevent/treat cholera 预防/处理霍乱 the Songhu Battle 淞沪会战 protect and defend the country 保卫祖国 undeveloped 不发达的 deep appreciation for art 对艺术的欣赏 come down with a disease 患病
Writing
假定你是李华，学校为弘扬传统美德，践行社会主义核心价值观，正在举办以“Values in Our Lives”为主题的演讲比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 至少一种正确价值观念及其行为表现；
2. 价值观念带来的好处；
3. 如何树立正确的价值观念。
Sample 1
Values in Our Lives
In our journey of personal growth, perseverance stands as a vital value that guides us through challenges.（开篇点题，引出主题）Whether studying all the life or overcoming difficulties, people with determination despite failures, ultimately achieve success. （具体行为表现，举例说明）
This virtue is of remarkable benefits.（过渡句，承上启下） Not only can we carry through hard choices but also we are brave to take on the new challenge.（好处1:自我成长，具体阐释）As shown in textbooks, committed individuals like Tu Youyou, who insisted on research, saved lives and earned global respect. （好处2：社会贡献，引用教材）
To cultivate perseverance, we must set realistic goals and view setbacks as steps forward.（建议：落实实际，阐释说明）Only by refusing to acknowledge defeat can we transform challenges into achievements. （结尾：升华）
(99 words)
Sample 2
Values in Our Lives
As a high school student, I hold a firm belief that kindness, one of the most significant traditional virtues, has a great impact on our lives.（开篇点题，提出核心价值观念）Our lives have witnessed numerous acts of kindness, such as assisting classmates with their studies or volunteering in the community.（具体行为表现，举例说明类）
Holding this value brings multiple benefits.（段落主题句，阐明好处）On a personal level, as the old saying goes, “The fragrance always stays in the hand that gives the rose.”（分论点1：善有善报，名言引用类）Socially, small actions continue the chain of kindness, improving positive social interactions, ultimately fostering harmony in life.（分论点2：促进社会和谐，递进说明类）
Owing to these advantages, it is time for us to cultivate proper values.（过渡句）Basically, we should start with small daily actions.（建议1:从小事做起）What matters most is that we persevere in completing good deeds.（建议2:落实行动） Let’s pay it forward.（结论：发出呼吁）
(125 words)
关联单元语篇
必修三 Unit 2 Morals and virtues
南昌高英 传承 务实 创新
选择性必修一 Unit 1 People of achievement
选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and scientists人与自我—价值观念与生活态度“研究发现型”说明文（学生版）
“研究发现型”说明文基本结构: 研究发现—研究过程—研究结论
Passage one 【2022年浙江卷6月C篇】
①Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation (适度) also gets results on the job.
②In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.
③How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces.The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood (情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
④Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
and mood lead to better job and creativity than overworking.
2. Complete the structure of the passage.
Moderation and work effectiveness Part 1(Para ) Research 1. moderation contribute to good job performance
Part 2 (Para ) Research 2. Researcher：Ellen Langer (Harvard) Task：Translate sentences into a made-up language Groups：Moderate practice vs. 3. practice/no practice 4. of over practice： ·High levels of knowledge → 5. thoughts ·High conscientiousness →lower job performance in simple task Results：Moderate practice makes fewer 6.
Part3 (Para ) Conclusion Workplace Observation: ·hardworking (e.g., eating at desk) vs. social breaks (e.g., chatting at lunch) Benefits of social 7. ： ·Cheerful mood ·New directions in thinking ·Post-lunch effort improvement Value of off-task time：8. ideas Importance of positive mood ·Higher levels of productivity and 9. ·10. increase ·More 11. work
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
27. What does Ellen Langer’s study show
A. It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist
B. Translation makes people knowledgeable.
C. Simpler jobs require greater caution.
D. Moderate effort produces the best result.
28. The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone Who_______.
A. is good at handling pressure B. works hard to become successful
C. a has a natural talent for his job. D. gets on well with his co-workers
29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. A good thinker is able to inspire other people.
B. Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C. A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind.
D. Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
30. What does the text seem to advocate
A. Middle-of-the-road work habits. B. Balance between work and family.
C. Long-standing cultural traditions. D. Harmony in the work environment.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并 ⑤正话反说
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all.
(2) The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office.
(3) Markman also promotes off-task time.
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office.
分析：本句是一个并列复合句, 包含两个由并列连词"while"连接的分句，"while"意为 。第一个分句，who引导一个 , 修饰先行词 ；另一个分句同样who引导一个 , 修饰先行词 。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working
on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句, that引导一个 , 修饰先行词 ，从句中还包含一个由what引导的 。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Passage two【2020年浙江卷1月C篇】
①Today’s world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. Key skill set for success is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.
②BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 American families over several years. And over time, the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in school.
③ “There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers,” Padilla-Walker said. “This research also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence-which can be taught-are key to a child’s life success.”
④Researchers determined that dads need to practice an “authoritative” parenting style. Authoritative parenting is not authoritarian:rigid, demanding or controlling. Rather, an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following characteristics:children feel warmth and love from their father；responsibility and the reasons behind rules are stressed; children are given an appropriate level of autonomy(自主权).
⑤In the study, about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school.
⑥This particular study examined 11 to 14-year-olds living in two-parent homes. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence, which is an avenue of future research.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
BYU research reveals that fathers uniquely cultivate adolescents’ through parenting (warmth, rule-explaining, autonomy), enhancing , with future studies needed on __________parents.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
27. What is special about the BYU professors’ study
A. It centered on fathers’ role in parenting.
B. It was based on a number of large families.
C. It analyzed different kinds of parenting styles.
D. It aimed to improve kids' achievement in school.
28. What would an authoritative father do when raising his children
A. Ignore their demands. B. Make decisions for them.
C. Control their behaviors. D. Explain the rules to them.
29. Which group can be a focus of future studies according to the researchers
A. Single parents. B. Children aged from 11 to 14.
C. Authoritarian fathers. D. Mothers in two-parent homes.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Three Characteristics of Authoritative Fathers.
B. Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in Future.
C. Children Tend to Learn Determination from Father.
D. Family Relationship Influences School Performance.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并 ⑤正话反说
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Key skill set for success is persistence, a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers.
Researchers determined that dads need to practice an “authoritative” parenting style.
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) A key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school.(para5, last sentence)
分析：这是一个三重嵌套结构的复合句，主句（A key finding is that...）为主系表结构，连词that引导
_______从句，其内还包含一个由which引导的 从句。过去分词短语“raised by...”为
动词短语，充当 “children”的 语，与“children”形成 关系。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence, which is an avenue of future research. (para 6, last sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。that引导 从句，which引导 从句，先行项为 。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Passage three【2024河南省开封市高三上学期第一次模拟考C篇】
①Several years ago, Sibill Schilter, a student at the University of Zurich, learned that her school was hiring people to test whether a smartphone App could help someone change their personality traits. Curious to learn more about herself, Schilter signed up. Maybe, she thought, she was a little too agreeable.
②For decades, psychologists have debated whether these traits are fixed or changeable. The study that Schilter participated in was designed to test whether using an App daily for three months would be enough to create noticeable and lasting personality changes. Each participant chose one trait they wanted to increase or decrease.
③The App, called PEACH (PErsonality coACH), works like a diary, a dashboard (仪表板), and a text messaging channel rolled into one. On the dashboard, users can see an overview of their goals, a calendar that shows their progress, and their tasks for the week. For instance, someone who wants to be more careful may be assigned to do homework for one hour after coming home from classes. The App sends the user two push notifications every day to remind him/her, and if the user makes progress, it will show up on the dashboard.
④Users can also talk with a sort of digital coach, a chatbot also named “Peach”, about their daily activities. The chatbot might ask which task they are working on or how stressed they are. Users can also choose to complete a daily diary, doing a self-assessment of five main personality traits. (For example: How would you describe yourself today — shy or outgoing )
⑤In a study published in February in Proceedings of the National, Academy of Sciences the researchers concluded that the App works. The study was conducted with 1,523 pared to the control group, the users who received the smartphone intervention showed more self-reported personality trait changes toward their goals.
⑥ Overall, friends, family members, or close partners who volunteered to observe the participants also noticed the personality changes, with both self-reported and observer-reported changes existing for three months after the end of the study.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The article introduces a study on the app called PEACH , which tests if daily use for three months can bring noticeable and lasting personality changes, with results showing it works as both users and observers noticed changes lasting three months.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. Why did Sibill Schilter sign up for the test
A. To understand her personality better. B. To make changes to a smartphone App.
C. To make friends with outgoing people. D. To learn more about goal-setting.
29. What are participants required to do before the test
A. To use the App for three months. B. To learn to establish realistic goals.
C. To share their dream with each other. D. To consider the changes they want to make.
30. How does the App remind its users of their tasks
A. By sending out a special signal.
B. By requiring them to keep a diary.
C. By sending messages to them.
D. By displaying their goals constantly.
31. What can we learn about the results of the study
A. The App needs to be improved in many ways.
B The App turns the users more outgoing.
C. The App can also influence the observers’ behavior.
D The App has a lasting effect on the users’ personalities.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Maybe, she thought, she was a little too agreeable.
(2) On the dashboard, users can see an overview of their goals, a calendar that shows their progress, and their tasks for the week.
(3) Users can also talk with a sort of digital coach, a chatbot also named “Peach”, about their daily activities.________________
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) The study that Schilter participated in was designed to test whether using an App daily for three months would be enough to create noticeable and lasting personality changes. (para2, the second sentence)
分析：本句是一个复合句，包含两个分句，分别是连词that引导的 从句，用于修饰先行词 ,以及连词whether引导的 从句。后一分句的主语是 ，它是一个 短语。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) Overall, friends, family members, or close partners who volunteered to observe the participants also noticed the personality changes, with both self-reported and observer-reported changes existing for three months after the end of the study. (para 6)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句, who引导一个定语从句, 修饰先行词 。从句后还跟着一个 “with的复合结构”，“both self-reported and observer-reported changes ”为该结构的 语，________动词短语 “existing for three months”为 语。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
语篇相关话题词汇梳理
词汇 子话题词汇
个人成长与发展 人际关系与社会互动 观念影响因素
提升与成长 性格与品质 家庭与工作 社会与价值 实际因素 与影响方式
试题词汇
教材词汇
Writing
假定你是李华，学校为弘扬传统美德，践行社会主义核心价值观，正在举办以“Values in Our Lives”为主题的演讲比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 至少一种正确价值观念及其行为表现；
2. 价值观念带来的好处；
3. 如何树立正确的价值观念。
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
