人与自我—价值观念与生活态度“话题型”说明文（教师版）
“话题型”说明文基本结构: 引出话题（a phenomenon/project/plan/debate/theory...)—解释话题—拓
展话题（利弊、因果、影响、解决方法、意义、评价……）
语篇分析
试题来源 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
2025安徽合肥模拟预测卷D篇 “完美主义” 的特性、困境及应对方式 32.细节理解题 Para. 1 Explanation
33.类比分析题 Para. 2 Similarity
34.推理判断题 Para. 4 Suggestion
35.推理判断题 Para. 5 Impact
语篇意义
本文以 “完美主义如魔法药片” 为喻，揭示其表面缓解负面情绪、实则源于对不确定性恐惧的本质，提出 “接纳而非改变”“摆脱恐惧束缚” 的应对策略，引导读者平衡对 “完美” 的追求。阅读这篇文章，学生将在多个方面得到能力的提升： 1. 信息获取与整合能力 学生需从 “完美主义的特性—困境—解决方案—认知根源” 的逻辑链中，提取关键信息（如完美主义的核心是恐惧不确定性、治疗的关键是接纳），并整合为对 “完美主义” 的完整认知，避免碎片化理解。 2. 批判性思维能力 文章打破 “完美主义是积极品质” 的固有认知，引导学生辩证看待 “追求完美”：既认识其缓解负面情绪的短期作用，也警惕其导致 “无法容忍错误、过度焦虑” 的长期危害。学生需分析 “治疗无效” 的原因（未聚焦接纳）、“后见之明偏差” 的误导性，学会质疑 “绝对正确”“必须完美” 的思维定式，培养理性看待问题的能力。 3. 价值观念与生活态度引导 语篇紧扣 “人与自我” 主题，传递 “接纳不完美”“重视生活本质” 的价值观：通过 “放下恐惧、享受生活” 的呼吁，帮助学生平衡 “追求进步” 与 “接纳局限”，树立健康的自我认知和生活态度，减少因 “完美主义” 产生的心理压力。 4. 语言运用与表达能力 词汇积累：学习描述心理与行为的词汇（perfectionism 完美主义、hindsight bias 后见之明偏差、intolerable 无法容忍的、acknowledge 承认），以及抽象概念的表达（fear of uncertainty 对不确定性的恐惧、root causes 根本原因）。 句式借鉴：文章使用比喻（like a set of magical pills）、类比（like archaeologists）、反问（Would your life be different... ）等表达技巧，学生可借鉴这些方式让抽象观点更具象、论证更有感染力，提升英语写作与表达的丰富性。 5. 逻辑推理能力 学生需梳理 “完美主义本质→行为模式→困境→解决方案→认知根源” 的逻辑关系，理解各段落之间的衔接（如第二段 “治疗无效” 引出第三段 “接纳的重要性”，第五段 “后见之明偏差” 解释完美主义的认知根源），培养 “从现象到本质、从问题到解决方案” 的逻辑推理习惯。
2025淮坊市高考第二次模拟试卷 C篇 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
心理学概念： 自我概念惰性 28.细节理解题 Para. 2 Explanation
29.细节理解题 Para. 3 Explanation
30.词义猜测题 Para. 4 Explanation
31.建议题 Para. 5 Extension
语篇意义
本文介绍了一个关键的心理学概念——自我概念惰性（self-concept inertia），解释了人们渴望改变却固守旧有模式背后的心理机制，即根植于自我认同和叙事身份的阻力。文章探讨了行为与自我认知冲突带来的不适感（如认知失调），并最终提出了克服这种惰性的核心策略：以发展的眼光看待自我，避免僵化的身份标签。阅读这篇文章，学生将在多个方面得到能力的提升： 1. 信息获取与理解能力： 学生需要准确提取“自我概念惰性”、“叙事身份（narrative identity）”、“心理不适感（psychological discomfort）”、“固定型思维模式（fixed mindset）”等核心概念的定义及其相互关系。理解“自我概念惰性”如何阻碍改变，以及行为与自我身份冲突的具体表现（如早起例子）。 2. 心理学概念理解与应用： 文章引入了重要的心理学理论（自我概念、叙事身份、Carol Dweck的思维模式理论）。学生通过阅读，能理解这些概念在解释日常行为（如难以坚持改变）中的应用，提升对自身及他人行为的洞察力。 3. 自我认知与成长思维培养： 文章的核心价值在于引导学生反思自身的“叙事身份”和潜在的“自我概念惰性”。通过理解“自我概念是可塑的（malleable）”以及区分“身份陈述”与“行为陈述”的重要性，学生能学习如何用发展的眼光（“works in progress”）看待自己，培养成长型思维，认识到改变的可能性在于调整自我认知而非仅仅改变行为。 4. 逻辑推理与批判性思维能力： 学生需要理清文章论证的逻辑链：问题现象（想变难变）—核心原因（自我概念惰性，源于叙事身份限制）—具体表现（行为-身份冲突及不适感）—大脑应对策略（更新概念难，放弃行为易）—解决之道（认识到概念可塑，区分身份/行为陈述，以发展眼光看待自我）。通过分析论证过程，特别是对比“固定型思维”与“发展视角”的不同结果，锻炼批判性思维。 5. 语言运用与表达能力： 文章包含心理学领域的专业术语（self-concept, narrative identity, inertia, psychological discomfort, malleable, mindset）和体现抽象思维的表达（如 “hold onto our old identities”, “contradict your self-image”, “identity statements feel permanent）。阅读有助于学生积累相关词汇，学习如何清晰、准确地阐述复杂的心理机制和抽象概念，提高理解和表达能力。同时，学习区分“绝对陈述”（如“I'm just not a person”）和“发展性陈述”（如“I haven't developed...yet”）的语言特征，对提升自我表达和思维清晰度具有直接帮助。
2025山东肥城高三高考适应性测试C篇 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
社会学理论：符号互动理论 28. 细节理解题 Para. 1 Explanation
29. 推理判断题 Para. 3 Explanation
30. 主旨大意题 Para. 4 Explanation
31. 推理应用题 Para. 5 Evaluation
语篇意义
本文系统介绍了符号互动主义理论，聚焦符号在人际互动中的核心作用，阐释其如何塑造社会现实、建构身份认同。阅读此文可提升以下能力： 1. 理论理解与信息整合能力 学生需提取核心概念（如符号、意义建构、微观互动），理解理论框架（如米德、库利的贡献），并整合段落间的逻辑关系（如定义→符号属性→功能→应用）。 2. 社会文化意识 通过分析符号的社会建构性（如手势、服饰的象征意义），学生能认识到文化对符号意义的塑造作用，理解身份表达与社会规范的联系。 3. 批判性思维 文本强调符号意义并非固有而是互动产物（如"握手"在不同情境中的多元含义），引导学生质疑符号的固定性，分析权力关系对符号意义的潜在影响。 4. 应用迁移能力 学生需将理论应用于生活场景（如31题分析服饰、行为如何传递身份信息），理解符号在现实社交中的实践逻辑。 5. 学术语言能力 文本包含社会学核心术语（symbolic interactionism, social construction, identity negotiation），帮助学生掌握学科表达范式，提升理论文本的解析能力。
Passage one【2025安徽合肥模拟预测卷D篇】
① Q32 Perfectionism is like a set of magical pills. One pill relieves shame. The next covers up sad memories. Another cures the fear of regret. And the last eases one’s awareness of a meaningless existence. Perfectionism is exciting because it makes everything important. But when everything is important, mistakes feel intolerable. At its core is the fear of uncertainty. Will I ever overcome my shame Will I always feel like a loser Is my life truly meaningless
②Thus, perfectionists often focus on finding the “right answers.” Many perfectionists keep looking for “root causes,” believing that deep insights will lead to better lives by clarifying options. Q33 Like archaeologists who study the societies and peoples of the past, they dig for answers — which is why they often end up in therapy (治疗). Yet, therapy provides little help and seldom leads to the outcomes they want.
③Acceptance, rather than change, is the more important part of therapy for them. It helps free the patient from their own standards and expectations, allowing them to make light of their mistakes and even learn from them. Acknowledging the limits of perfectionism can finally bring peace.
④ Q34 Instead of worrying about the “right decisions” and what you “should” do, it might be more helpful to think about what you would do if you weren’t so afraid. Would your life be different if you took a break from all those “shoulds” Would you make different choices if you weren’t burdened by the belief that you need to fully use your talents You can also think about the consequences of your mistakes and ask how you’re sure that they stop you from having a better life.
⑤So, the key question of treatment is this: Will we regret not enjoying our lives because we were too busy trying to answer unanswerable questions Q35 The hindsight bias, which is the belief that a past event was predictable when it wasn’t, makes people overly concerned with making the right choices. This belief comes from a strong need for certainty and the false idea that it’s attainable. Letting go of that fear can open up a new world — one that’s simpler but less intense.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
Perfectionism is driven by a fear of uncertainty, leads to self-imposed pressure and dissatisfaction, but true peace comes from acceptance and letting go of the need for perfection.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Perfectionism Part 1 (para 1) Proposing the issue Perfectionism’ s “magical” allure ·Relieves shame ·covers up sad memories ·cures the fear of regret ·eases awareness of a meaningless 1. existence Need for reflection on its downsides ·fear of 2. uncertainty Psychological & behavioral tensions ·Will I ever overcome my shame ·Will I always feel like a loser ·Is my life truly 3. meaningless
Part 2 (para 2-4) Analysing the problem Current perfectionist practices ·4. Obsession with “right answers” ·Analogy with 5. archaeologists to highlight behavior ·Ineffectiveness of traditional responses Negative impacts ·Self-imposed psychological 6. burden ·obstacles to life enjoyment Expert perspective ·Key to breaking the cycle: 7. acceptance Practical guidance ·Shifting focus from fear to desire ·Challenging “shoulds” & beliefs ·Rethinking 8. mistakes
Part 3 (para 5) Addressing the 11. solution Root cause & cognitive bias ·Hindsight Bias: a belief that a past event was 9. predictable when it wasn’t ·Ultimate call to action: “Letting go of that fear can open up a new world — simpler but less 10. intense”
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What do we know about perfectionism according to Paragraph 1
A. It makes life more exciting. B. It boosts a tolerant attitude.
C. It can battle bad feelings.简化合并 D. It can remove uncertainty.
33. What is the similarity between perfectionists and archeologists
A. They badly need certainty.原词复现 B. They keep mind on therapies.
C. They are open to new options. D. They seldom achieve desired results.
34. What does the author suggest readers do in Paragraph 4
A. Try to avoid making mistakes. B. Stay calm to perfect a decision.
C. Break a goal into smaller steps. D. Shake off the weight to act.同义替换
35. What impact may the hindsight bias have
A. It encourages people to take more risks.
B. It increases anxiety about future choices.同义替换
C. It offers wisdom to learn from mistakes.
D. It prevents people from pursuing certainty.
答案：CADB
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) But when everything is important, mistakes feel intolerable. 难以忍受的
(2) It helps free the patient from their own standards and expectations, allowing them to make light of their mistakes and even learn from them. （使）自由
(3) Will we regret not enjoying our lives because we were too busy trying to answer unanswerable questions 无法回答的
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Instead of worrying about the “right decisions” and what you “should” do, it might be more helpful to think about what you would do if you weren’t so afraid.
分析：本句整体为一个主系表结构的变体，以“it”作形式主语的句式，其中包含对比结构和条件状语从句。前一个部分“Instead of worrying about the‘right decisions’ and what you‘should’ do” 是介词短语作状语，呈现对比的内容；后一个部分“it might be more helpful to think about what you would do if you weren't so afraid”是句子的主体，表达建议内容。
翻译：与其纠结于“正确决定”和你“应该”做什么，不如思考一下：如果没有恐惧的束缚，你会如何行动。
(2) The hindsight bias, which is the belief that a past event was predictable when it wasn’t, makes people overly concerned with making the right choices.
分析：本句是一个包含非限制性定语从句的复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，定语从句中又包含一个同位语从句。整体结构为：主语（The hindsight bias）+非限制性定语从句（which is...）+谓语（makes）+宾语（people）+ 宾语补足语（overly concerned with...）。
翻译：后见之明偏见（即认为过去的事件本可预测而实际上并非如此的一种信念）会使人过度纠结于做出正确选择。
Passage two【2025淮坊市高考第二次模拟考试C篇】
①Have you ever found yourself really wanting to change yet somehow remaining stuck in the same patterns The answer might not be in your behaviors, but in your beliefs—specifically, the beliefs you have about yourself and who you are. This is what psychologists call self-concept inertia (惰性).
②Self-concept inertia is the psychological resistance to changing our identity. Our self-concept is influenced by our narrative identity, which is made up of the stories we tell about ourselves. Q28 These narratives can go beyond simply describing who we are today—they can restrict us from being who we believe we’re capable of becoming in the future. This means that even if we want to change, as long as we hold onto our old identities, we’ll unintentionally resist making the changes we know we need to make to become the “new” version of ourselves.
③Our self-concept doesn’t yield easily, even to our conscious (有意识的) desires. Q29 When your behaviors contradict your self-image, you experience a state of psychological discomfort. For example, if you’ve always seen yourself as “not a morning person”, successfully waking up at 5 a.m. creates tension with your established identity. So your brain has two options: Update your self-concept (hard) or abandon the new behavior (easier). As Carol Dweck discusses in her book Mindset: The New Psychology of Success, people with “fixed mindsets” tend to avoid challenges that might contradict their self-concept.
④Yet your self-concept is malleable by design. Notice when you use a phrase like “I’m just not a person”. The absolute statement signals few changes will happen. Q30 Instead of “I’m not an organized person” (identity), try “I haven’t developed strong organizational systems yet” (behavior). Identity statements feel permanent, but behavior statements feel changeable. Identifying these habits also gives you insight into a solution you can practice and improve.
⑤Self-concept inertia weakens when we hold our identities lightly. Q31 When we see ourselves as works in progress rather than finished products, we create the psychological space needed for genuine transformation. The question isn’t whether you can change—it’s whether you’re willing to let go of familiar limitations to discover what lies beyond them.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
Overcoming self-concept inertia requires adopting an adaptive mindset to replace rigid self-identities with flexible, growth-oriented beliefs.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Self-concept inertia Part 1 (para 1) Introduction What is Self-concept inertia the problem of being 1. stuck and the problem is not behavior, but 2. beliefs about oneself.
Part 2 (para 2-3) Explanation Explains the Components ·Defines 3.“narrative identity” as the stories we tell about ourselves. ·Explains how these narratives can 4.restrict future growth. Describes the Internal Conflict ·States that self-concept resists 5.conscious desires. ·Introduces the concept of “psychological discomfort” when behavior and 6.self-image contradict.
Part 3 (para 4-5) Expansion Offers a Solution ·States that self-concept is 7.changeable. ·Advises replacing absolute “identity statements” with flexible “behavior statements”. Describes the Internal Conflict ·Suggests “holding identities lightly” and viewing oneself as a “work in 8.progress”. ·Explains that this creates psychological space for 9.transformation.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28.How does our narrative identity affect us
A.It defines our better future.
B.It changes our self-concept.
C.It limits our behaviour choices. 同义替换
D.It improves our previous selves.
29.What does the example of waking up at 5 a.m.illustrate
A.The difficulty in getting rid of tension.
B.The benefits of becoming an early riser.
C.The conflict between behaviour and self-identity. 同义替换
D.The importance of following a strict daily routine.
30.What does the underlined word “malleable” in paragraph 4 mean
A.Predictable. B.Available. C.Sustainable. D.Adjustable. 同义替换
31.What does the author advise people to do
A.Make perfect products.
B.Avoid labelling yourself. 简化合并
C.Monitor psychological changes.
D.Attach importance to self-image.
答案：CCDB
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) This means that even if we want to change, as long as we hold onto our old identities, we’ll unintentionally resist making the changes we know we need to make to become the “new” version of ourselves. 无意识地
(2) The New Psychology of Success, people with “fixed mindsets” tend to avoid challenges that might contradict their self-concept. 思维模式
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) These narratives can go beyond simply describing who we are today—they can restrict us from being
who we believe we’re capable of becoming in the future. (para2, the third sentence)
分析：本句是由破折号连接的两个并列分句。前一个分句的主干结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”，其中宾语部分“describing...”是一个动名词短语，内部包含了宾语从句“who we are today”。后一个分句主干为“主语+谓语+宾语+状语”，状语“from being...”中包含了嵌套的宾语从句“who we believe we’re capable of becoming in the future”，这个从句中“we believe”可视为插入语，其后“we’re capable of becoming...”是其宾语从句，而“who”则在整个嵌套结构中充当“becoming”的宾语。
翻译：这些叙事不仅仅能描述我们今天是谁——它们还会阻碍我们成为我们相信自己未来能够成为的人。
(2) The question isn’t whether you can change—it’s whether you’re willing to let go of familiar limitations to discover what lies beyond them. (para5, the third sentence)
分析：本句是一个由破折号连接的并列复合句，后句对前句进行补充说明。两个分句的基本结构都是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。前句的表语从句是“whether you can change”，后句的表语从句是“whether you’re willing to let go...”，其中不定式“to discover...”作目的状语，而“discover”之后又接了一个宾语从句“what lies beyond them”。
翻译：问题不在于你能否改变——而在于你是否愿意放下熟悉的局限，去发现局限之外的东西。
Passage three【2025届山东省肥城市高三高考适应性测试C篇】
①Q28 Symbolic interactionism is a sociological perspective that examines how individuals use symbols to communicate and create social reality. Founded by sociologists like George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley, the theory focuses on micro-level interactions between individuals, emphasizing the importance of symbols in these exchanges. Unlike other sociological perspectives that focus on larger structures, symbolic interactionism looks at how individual actions shape social structures through meaning-making processes.
②It suggests that individuals act based on the meanings they attach to objects, people, and situations. These meanings, in turn, are constructed and improved through social interactions. Symbols, such as language, gestures, and objects, are central to this process, as they provide the medium through which individuals understand and interpret the social world.
③Q29 A symbol, in the context of symbolic interactionism, is anything that carries meaning beyond its literal form. It could be a word, gesture, object, or even a social role. Symbols are not naturally meaningful; rather, their meanings are socially constructed and learned through interaction. For example, a handshake is not just a physical act but a symbol of greeting, agreement, or friendship in many pared with saying hello, shaking hands has more unexpected effects.
④Q30 Symbols are essential for human communication and interaction. They allow individuals to convey complex ideas, emotions, and intentions in a way that is understood by others. Language, for instance, is a system of symbols that allows people to communicate abstract concepts like love, justice, and freedom. Without symbols, human interaction would be limited to immediate, visible experiences.
⑤One of the most important ways symbols function in social interaction is through the construction of identity. Individuals employ symbols to express who they are and how they relate to the world around them. Q31 The clothes one wears are symbols, which signal one’s profession, social status, or even personal beliefs and preferences. For example, a doctor’s white coat symbolizes medical authority, while a business suit might symbolize professionalism. So have you got the magic of symbols
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
Symbolic interactionism examines how individuals use symbols to create and interpret social reality through everyday interactions.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Symbolic interactionism Part 1 (para 1) Introduction What is Symbolic Interactionism ·Defines 1.symbolic interactionism as a sociological perspective focused on 2.micro-level interactions and the use of symbols to create social 3.reality, contrasting it with macro-level approaches.
Part 2 (para 2-3) Explanation Core Concepts and Definitions ·Explains how individuals act based on 4.meanings derived from social interactions. ·Defines a “symbol” as something that carries meaning beyond its 5.literal form, providing the example of a 6.handshake.
Part 3 (para 4-5) Expansion The Function and Importance of Symbols ·Discusses the essential 7.role of symbols (like language) in enabling complex communication and abstract thought. ·Expands on how symbols are crucial for constructing and expressing personal and professional 8.identity.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. What’s the function of paragraph 1
A. To explain how to relate to others. B. To define symbolic interactionism. 简化合并
C. To tell how symbolic interactionism formed. D. To compare varied sociological perspectives.
29. What does the author imply about symbols
A. They indicate how humans feel. B. Their meanings remain the same.
C. Their forms are created by humans. D. They strengthen what words convey.
简化合并 同义替换
30. What’s the main idea of paragraph 4
A. The limits of human interaction. B. The disadvantage of lack of symbols.
C. The role of symbols in social interaction. D. The function of languages in communication.
简化合并
31. Which conduct can reveal the identity of symbols’ users
A. A rich employer lights a cigarette. B. Policemen gesture to direct traffic. 简化合并
C. Students paint on school uniform. D. A doctor raises money for patients.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
答案：BDCB
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Unlike other sociological perspectives that focus on larger structures, symbolic interactionism looks at how individual actions shape social structures through meaning-making processes. 创造意义的
(2) For example, a doctor’s white coat symbolizes medical authority, while a business suit might symbolize professionalism. 专业主义
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) A symbol, in the context of symbolic interactionism, is anything that carries meaning beyond its literal form. (para3, the first sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句，主句主干为“A symbol is anything”，其中插入语“in the context of...”作状语，“that carries meaning beyond its literal form”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“anything”。
翻译：在符号互动论的语境中，符号是任何承载了超越其字面形式的意义的事物。
The clothes one wears are symbols, which signal one’s profession, social status, or even personal beliefs and preferences. (para5, the third sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句为“The clothes are symbols”，“one wears”是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰“clothes”；其后“which signal...”是一个非限制性定语从句，对主句表语“symbols”进行补充说明。
翻译：一个人穿的衣服就是符号，它们标示着一个人的职业、社会地位、甚至个人信仰和偏好。
语篇相关话题词汇梳理
试题 子话题词汇
认知模式 行为导向 意义建构
限制性认知 可塑性认知 僵化行为 解放性行为 自我意义困局 社会意义赋能
2025安徽合肥模拟预测卷 perfectionism完美主义 fear of uncertainty 不确定性恐惧hindsight bias后见之明偏误 acceptance 接纳 unburden talents 放下天赋包袱 seek "right answers" 寻求正确答案 avoid regret 回避后悔 make light of mistakes 看淡错误 discover beyond limits 探索局限之外 meaningless existence 无意义感"shoulds" “应该”枷锁 attainable right choices 可得到的正确回答
淮坊市高考第二次模拟考试 self-concept inertia 自我概念惰性 fixed mindsets 固定型思维 "not a morning person" 非晨型人标签 malleable self 可塑的自我 growth mindset 成长型思维 resist change 抗拒改变 abandon behavior 放弃新行为 reframe statements重构表述 practice improvement 练习改进 psychological discomfort 心理不适 identity tension 身份冲突 narrative identity 叙事身份（故事重塑自我）
2025届山东省肥城市高三高考适应性测试英语试题 rigid symbols固化的符号（如白大褂仅象征权威，隐含身份束缚） dynamic symbols动态符号（如衣服可重构身份表达） literal interpretation字面解读符号（如握手仅视为物理动作） convey abstract concepts 传递抽象概念（如语言表达自由） limited interaction 受限互动（无符号时仅能经验表面） socially constructed meanings 社会共建意义 shared understanding共同理解
人教版教材相关话题词汇梳理
教材 单元 子话题词汇
认知模式 行为导向 意义建构
限制性认知 可塑性认知 僵化行为 解放性行为 自我意义困局 社会意义赋能
必修一 Unit 1 Teenage Life confusing / confused 令人困惑的/感到困惑的 worried about keeping up 担心跟不上 not sure if I'll make the team 不确定能否入选队伍 recommend 推荐 sign up for 报名参加 find a way to improve 寻找提升方法 make the most of 充分利用 quit trying 放弃尝试 don't play well enough 表现不够好 be addicted to 成瘾 join a volunteer club 加入志愿者社团 practise singing 练习唱歌 lift partners 托举搭档 focus on the relationship 关注关系 feel like a loser 感觉像失败者
boring homework 无聊的作业 can't understand me 无法理解我 hand out food to homeless 给流浪者分发食物 make friends 结交朋友 be responsible for 对...负责
教材 单元 子话题词汇
认知模式 行为导向 意义建构
限制性认知 可塑性认知 僵化行为 解放性行为 自我意义困局 社会意义赋能
选择性 必修三 Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle pessimistic悲观的 confused about choices 对选择感到困惑 negative effects 负面影响 psychology of habit change 习惯改变心理学
recommend alternatives 推荐替代方案 growth mindset 成长型思维 tobacco abuse烟草滥用 skip meals 不规律饮食
rely on snacks依赖零食 sign up for clubs 报名社团 mplement changes 实施改变 moderate exercise 适度锻炼 feel worn out 感到精疲力尽 stress domino effect 压力多米诺效应
addiction cycle 成瘾循环 community service 社区服务
peer support 同伴支持
health consultant 健康顾问
教材 单元 子话题词汇
认知模式 行为导向 意义建构
限制性认知 可塑性认知 僵化行为 解放性行为 自我意义困局 社会意义赋能
选择性 必修四 Unit 5 Launching Your Career bouncing around ideas 想法杂乱无章 no right or wrong answers 没有标准答案 wish I had thought more 后悔未深思 career aptitude test职业倾向测试 work personality code 工作性格代码 higher-level careers 高阶职业 define your life 定义人生 make choices about education 教育选择 tailored CV 定制简历 give one a try 尝试测试 plan your career 职业规划 build a team 团队建设 what do you do 职业身份追问unsuited careers 不匹配职业 time flies like an arrow 时光飞逝 passionate about 热忱所在international audience 国际受众 legacy building遗产建设
Writing
假定你是李华，你校学生会计划举办 “突破自我标签” 主题分享会，旨在帮助同学们打破 “自我概念惰性 (self-concept inertia)”（如 “我天生不擅长英语”，“我是完美主义者”），树立成长型思维。请给你校心理老师 Ms. Wang 写一封邀请信，邀请她作为嘉宾分享，内容包括：
1. 说明邀请目的；
2. 简述分享会主要活动；
3. 告知分享会时间（10月20日下午4点）与地点（学校报告厅）。
Sample 1
Dear Ms. Wang,
As president of the Student Union, I'm honored to invite you to speak at our “Be Your Best Self” event on October 20th.（开篇自我介绍并表明邀请意图，总起全文）Many students struggle with negative thoughts like “I can’t do this” or “I’m a perfectionist”.（说明活动背景和必要性）Your guidance could help them see new possibilities.（强调嘉宾的重要性）
The event will feature inspiring stories from students who overcame challenges, followed by group discussions about handling school pressures. We’ll also share practical tips for building confidence and forming better habits.（分别介绍3个分享会活动）
The session begins at 4:00 PM in the school hall.（明确活动时间地点）Your participation would mean so much to us.（表达诚挚期待）
Best regards,
Li Hua
(98 words)
Sample 2
Dear Ms. Wang,
As president of the Student Union, I’m truly honored to formally invite you to be our guest speaker at the “Be Your Best Self” event, which we plan to hold on October 20th to help students break free from self-concept inertia.（开篇强化身份与活动目的，总起全文）
Many students currently struggle with limiting negative thoughts—such as “I can’t do this” or “I’m a perfectionist”—and these fixed mindsets have become barriers to their growth.（详细说明活动背景，凸显活动必要性）Your professional psychological guidance, which has always been helpful to us in class, could enable them to see new possibilities beyond their self-imposed labels and build a growth mindset.（关联老师过往帮助，强调嘉宾重要性，增强说服力）
The event will first feature inspiring stories from students who overcame self-doubt challenges, followed by group discussions about handling academic pressures. We’ll also share practical tips for building confidence and forming better habits to replace rigid, unhelpful behaviors. （分点细化活动内容，丰富细节）
The session begins precisely at 4:00 PM in the school hall. （明确时间地点）Your participation would not only enrich the event but also mean a great deal to every student eager to grow.（传递诚挚期待）
Best regards,
Li Hua
(128 words)人与自我—价值观念与生活态度“话题型”说明文（学生版）
“话题型”说明文基本结构: 引出话题（a phenomenon/project/plan/debate/theory...)—解释话题—拓
展话题（利弊、因果、影响、解决方法、意义、评价……）
Passage one【2025安徽合肥模拟预测卷D篇】
①Perfectionism is like a set of magical pills. One pill relieves shame. The next covers up sad memories. Another cures the fear of regret. And the last eases one’s awareness of a meaningless existence. Perfectionism is exciting because it makes everything important. But when everything is important, mistakes feel intolerable. At its core is the fear of uncertainty. Will I ever overcome my shame Will I always feel like a loser Is my life truly meaningless
②Thus, perfectionists often focus on finding the “right answers.” Many perfectionists keep looking for “root causes,” believing that deep insights will lead to better lives by clarifying options. Like archaeologists who study the societies and peoples of the past, they dig for answers — which is why they often end up in therapy (治疗). Yet, therapy provides little help and seldom leads to the outcomes they want.
③Acceptance, rather than change, is the more important part of therapy for them. It helps free the patient from their own standards and expectations, allowing them to make light of their mistakes and even learn from them. Acknowledging the limits of perfectionism can finally bring peace.
④ Instead of worrying about the “right decisions” and what you “should” do, it might be more helpful to think about what you would do if you weren’t so afraid. Would your life be different if you took a break from all those “shoulds” Would you make different choices if you weren’t burdened by the belief that you need to fully use your talents You can also think about the consequences of your mistakes and ask how you’re sure that they stop you from having a better life.
⑤So, the key question of treatment is this: Will we regret not enjoying our lives because we were too busy trying to answer unanswerable questions The hindsight bias, which is the belief that a past event was predictable when it wasn’t, makes people overly concerned with making the right choices. This belief comes from a strong need for certainty and the false idea that it’s attainable. Letting go of that fear can open up a new world — one that’s simpler but less intense.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
_______________ is driven by a fear of ______________, leads to self-imposed ______________ and dissatisfaction, but true peace comes from _______________ and letting go of the need for perfection.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Perfectionism Part 1 (para _____) Proposing the issue Perfectionism’ s “magical” allure ·Relieves shame ·covers up sad memories ·cures the fear of regret ·eases awareness of a meaningless 1. __________ Need for reflection on its downsides ·fear of 2.__________ Psychological & behavioral tensions ·Will I ever overcome my shame ·Will I always feel like a loser ·Is my life truly 3._______________
Part 2 (para ______) Analysing the problem Current perfectionist practices ·4. ______________ with “right answers” ·Analogy with 5. _______________ to highlight behavior ·Ineffectiveness of traditional responses Negative impacts ·Self-imposed psychological 6. ___________ ·obstacles to life enjoyment Expert perspective ·Key to breaking the cycle: 7. _______________ Practical guidance ·Shifting focus from fear to desire ·Challenging “shoulds” & beliefs ·Rethinking 8. __________
Part 3 (para _____) Addressing the 11. solution Root cause & cognitive bias ·Hindsight Bias: a belief that a past event was 9. _______________ when it wasn’t ·Ultimate call to action: “Letting go of that fear can open up a new world — simpler but less 10. __________”
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What do we know about perfectionism according to Paragraph 1
A. It makes life more exciting. B. It boosts a tolerant attitude.
C. It can battle bad feelings. D. It can remove uncertainty.
33. What is the similarity between perfectionists and archeologists
A. They badly need certainty. B. They keep mind on therapies.
C. They are open to new options. D. They seldom achieve desired results.
34. What does the author suggest readers do in Paragraph 4
A. Try to avoid making mistakes. B. Stay calm to perfect a decision.
C. Break a goal into smaller steps. D. Shake off the weight to act.
35. What impact may the hindsight bias have
A. It encourages people to take more risks.
B. It increases anxiety about future choices.
C. It offers wisdom to learn from mistakes.
D. It prevents people from pursuing certainty.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) But when everything is important, mistakes feel intolerable. _______________
(2) It helps free the patient from their own standards and expectations, allowing them to make light of their mistakes and even learn from them. _______________
(3) Will we regret not enjoying our lives because we were too busy trying to answer unanswerable questions _______________
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Instead of worrying about the “right decisions” and what you “should” do, it might be more helpful to think about what you would do if you weren’t so afraid.
分析：本句整体为一个主系表结构的变体，以“it”作__________的句式，其中包含对比结构和__________从句。前一个部分 “Instead of worrying about the ‘right decisions’ and what you ‘should’ do” 介词短语作__________，呈现对比的内容；后一个部分 “it might be more helpful to think about what you would do if you weren't so afraid” 是句子的主体，表达建议内容。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) The hindsight bias, which is the belief that a past event was predictable when it wasn’t, makes people overly concerned with making the right choices.
分析：本句是一个包含非限制性定语从句的复合句，主句为__________结构，定语从句中又包含一个__________从句。整体结构为：主语（The hindsight bias）+非限制性定语从句（which is...）+ 谓语（makes）+宾语（people）+宾语补足语（overly concerned with...）。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Passage two【2025淮坊市高考第二次模拟考试C篇】
①Have you ever found yourself really wanting to change yet somehow remaining stuck in the same patterns The answer might not be in your behaviors, but in your beliefs—specifically, the beliefs you have about yourself and who you are. This is what psychologists call self-concept inertia (惰性).
②Self-concept inertia is the psychological resistance to changing our identity. Our self-concept is influenced by our narrative identity, which is made up of the stories we tell about ourselves. These narratives can go beyond simply describing who we are today—they can restrict us from being who we believe we’re capable of becoming in the future. This means that even if we want to change, as long as we hold onto our old identities, we’ll unintentionally resist making the changes we know we need to make to become the “new” version of ourselves.
③Our self-concept doesn’t yield easily, even to our conscious (有意识的) desires. When your behaviors contradict your self-image, you experience a state of psychological discomfort. For example, if you’ve always seen yourself as “not a morning person”, successfully waking up at 5 a.m. creates tension with your established identity. So your brain has two options: Update your self-concept (hard) or abandon the new behavior (easier). As Carol Dweck discusses in her book Mindset: The New Psychology of Success, people with “fixed mindsets” tend to avoid challenges that might contradict their self-concept.
④Yet your self-concept is malleable by design. Notice when you use a phrase like “I’m just not a person”. The absolute statement signals few changes will happen. Instead of “I’m not an organized person” (identity), try “I haven’t developed strong organizational systems yet” (behavior). Identity statements feel permanent, but behavior statements feel changeable. Identifying these habits also gives you insight into a solution you can practice and improve.
⑤Self-concept inertia weakens when we hold our identities lightly. When we see ourselves as works in progress rather than finished products, we create the psychological space needed for genuine transformation. The question isn’t whether you can change—it’s whether you’re willing to let go of familiar limitations to discover what lies beyond them.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
Overcoming self-concept inertia requires adopting an adaptive __________ to replace rigid _________ with flexible, growth-oriented beliefs.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Self-concept inertia Part 1 (para _) Introduction What is Self-concept inertia the problem of being 1. ________ and the problem is not behavior, but 2. ________ about oneself.
Part 2 (para ____) Explanation Explains the Components ·Defines 3.“____________” as the stories we tell about ourselves. ·Explains how these narratives can 4.________ future growth. Describes the Internal Conflict ·States that self-concept resists 5.________ desires. ·Introduces the concept of “psychological discomfort” when behavior and 6.__________ contradict.
Part 3 (para ____) Expansion Offers a Solution ·States that self-concept is 7._________. ·Advises replacing absolute “identity statements” with flexible “behavior statements”. Describes the Internal Conflict ·Suggests “holding identities lightly” and viewing oneself as a “work in 8._________”. ·Explains that this creates psychological space for 9.___________.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. How does our narrative identity affect us
A. It defines our better future.
B. It changes our self-concept.
C. It limits our behaviour choices.
D. It improves our previous selves.
29. What does the example of waking up at 5 a.m.illustrate
A. The difficulty in getting rid of tension.
B. The benefits of becoming an early riser.
C. The conflict between behaviour and self-identity.
D. The importance of following a strict daily routine.
30. What does the underlined word “malleable” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Predictable. B. Available. C. Sustainable. D. Adjustable.
31.What does the author advise people to do
A. Make perfect products.
B. Avoid labeling yourself.
C. Monitor psychological changes.
D. Attach importance to self-image.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) This means that even if we want to change, as long as we hold onto our old identities, we’ll unintentionally resist making the changes we know we need to make to become the “new” version of ourselves. __________
(2) The New Psychology of Success, people with “fixed mindsets” tend to avoid challenges that might contradict their self-concept. __________
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) These narratives can go beyond simply describing who we are today—they can restrict us from being who we believe we’re capable of becoming in the future. (para2, the third sentence)
分析：本句是由破折号连接的两个并列分句。前一个分句的主干结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”，其中宾语部分“describing...”是一个动名词短语，内部包含了______________“who we are today”。后一个分句主干为“主语+谓语+宾语+状语”，状语“from being...”中包含了嵌套的宾语从句“who we believe we’re capable of becoming in the future”，这个从句中“we believe”可视为______________，其后“we’re capable of becoming...”是其 ______________，而“who”则在整个嵌套结构中充当“becoming”的宾语。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) The question isn’t whether you can change—it’s whether you’re willing to let go of familiar limitations to discover what lies beyond them. (para5, the third sentence)
分析：本句是一个由破折号连接的并列复合句，后句对前句进行补充说明。两个分句的基本结构都是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。前句的_____________是“whether you can change”，后句的表语从句是“whether you’re willing to let go...”，其中不定式“to discover...”作_____________，而“discover”之后又接了一个_____________“what lies beyond them”。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Passage three【2025届山东省肥城市高三高考适应性测试C篇】
①Symbolic interactionism is a sociological perspective that examines how individuals use symbols to communicate and create social reality. Founded by sociologists like George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley, the theory focuses on micro-level interactions between individuals, emphasizing the importance of symbols in these exchanges. Unlike other sociological perspectives that focus on larger structures, symbolic interactionism looks at how individual actions shape social structures through meaning-making processes.
②It suggests that individuals act based on the meanings they attach to objects, people, and situations. These meanings, in turn, are constructed and improved through social interactions. Symbols, such as language, gestures, and objects, are central to this process, as they provide the medium through which individuals understand and interpret the social world.
③A symbol, in the context of symbolic interactionism, is anything that carries meaning beyond its literal form. It could be a word, gesture, object, or even a social role. Symbols are not naturally meaningful; rather, their meanings are socially constructed and learned through interaction. For example, a handshake is not just a physical act but a symbol of greeting, agreement, or friendship in many pared with saying hello, shaking hands has more unexpected effects.
④Symbols are essential for human communication and interaction. They allow individuals to convey complex ideas, emotions, and intentions in a way that is understood by others. Language, for instance, is a system of symbols that allows people to communicate abstract concepts like love, justice, and freedom. Without symbols, human interaction would be limited to immediate, visible experiences.
⑤One of the most important ways symbols function in social interaction is through the construction of identity. Individuals employ symbols to express who they are and how they relate to the world around them. The clothes one wears are symbols, which signal one’s profession, social status, or even personal beliefs and preferences. For example, a doctor’s white coat symbolizes medical authority, while a business suit might symbolize professionalism. So have you got the magic of symbols
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
Symbolic interactionism examines how individuals use __________ to create and interpret social ____________ through everyday __________.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Symbolic interactionism Part 1 (para 1) Introduction What is Symbolic Interactionism ·Defines 1._______ _______ as a sociological perspective focused on 2.__________ interactions and the use of symbols to create social 3.__________, contrasting it with macro-level approaches.
Part 2 (para 2-3) Explanation Core Concepts and Definitions ·Explains how individuals act based on 4.__________ derived from social interactions. ·Defines a “symbol” as something that carries meaning beyond its 5.________ ________, providing the example of a 6.__________.
Part 3 (para 4-5) Expansion The Function and Importance of Symbols ·Discusses the essential 7.________ of symbols (like language) in enabling complex communication and abstract thought. ·Expands on how symbols are crucial for constructing and expressing personal and professional 8.__________.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
28. What’s the function of paragraph 1
A. To explain how to relate to others. B. To define symbolic interactionism.
C. To tell how symbolic interactionism formed. D. To compare varied sociological perspectives.
29. What does the author imply about symbols
A. They indicate how humans feel. B. Their meanings remain the same.
C. Their forms are created by humans. D. They strengthen what words convey.
30. What’s the main idea of paragraph 4
A. The limits of human interaction. B. The disadvantage of lack of symbols.
C. The role of symbols in social interaction. D. The function of languages in communication.
31. Which conduct can reveal the identity of symbols’ users
A. A rich employer lights a cigarette. B. Policemen gesture to direct traffic.
C. Students paint on school uniform. D. A doctor raises money for patients.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ①同义替换 ②原词复现 ③词类转换 ④简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Unlike other sociological perspectives that focus on larger structures, symbolic interactionism looks at how individual actions shape social structures through meaning-making processes. ______________
(2) For example, a doctor’s white coat symbolizes medical authority, while a business suit might symbolize professionalism. ______________
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) A symbol, in the context of symbolic interactionism, is anything that carries meaning beyond its literal form. (para3, the first sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句，主句主干为“A symbol is anything”，其中插入语“in the context of...”作_________，“that carries meaning beyond its literal form”是一个________，修饰先行词“anything”。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
The clothes one wears are symbols, which signal one’s profession, social status, or even personal beliefs and preferences. (para5, the third sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句为“The clothes are symbols”，“one wears”是省略了关系代词的____________，修饰“clothes”；其后“which signal...”是一个____________定语从句，对主句表语“symbols”进行补充说明。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
语篇相关话题词汇梳理
词汇 子话题词汇
认知模式 行为导向 意义建构
限制性认知 可塑性认知 僵化行为 解放性行为 自我意义困局 社会意义赋能
试题词汇
教材词汇
Writing
假定你是李华，你校学生会计划举办 “突破自我标签” 主题分享会，旨在帮助同学们打破 “自我概念惰性 (self-concept inertia)”（如 “我天生不擅长英语”，“我是完美主义者”），树立成长型思维。请给你校心理老师 Ms. Wang 写一封邀请信，邀请她作为嘉宾分享，内容包括：
1. 说明邀请目的；
2. 简述分享会主要活动；
3. 告知分享会时间（10月20日下午4点）与地点（学校报告厅）。
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