人与自我—健康的生活方式“研究发现型”说明文（教师版）
“研究发现型”说明文基本结构：研究发现—研究过程（背景、目标、对象、原理、方法、数据、结果……）—研究结论（前景、影响、意义、评价、未来方向、不足……）
语篇分析
试题来源 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
2020新高考 I卷D篇 饮食行为研究 32. 主旨大意题 Para. 1 main idea
33. 词义猜测题 Para. 1, 5 word meaning
34. 细节理解题 Para. 2, 3, 4 purpose
35. 推理判断题 Para. 5 basis
语篇意义
本文通过两项实验研究，揭示了社会环境对饮食行为的影响现象，重点探讨了不同体型特征的同伴对个体进食量的影响差异。通过阅读这篇文章，学生将在以下多个方面得到能力提升： 1. 信息获取与理解能力 学生通过阅读，能够快速获取文章大意：即饮食同伴的体型和饮食习惯会影响个人的食物摄入量。通过阅读全文，学生能够理解实验设计的关键信息，包括实验对象、操作变量和研究结论，理解“瘦人暴食效应”这一核心发现。 2. 科学研究方法认知 文章展示了心理学实验的标准流程（假设—实验—结论），有助于学生了解“控制变量法”在社会科学研究中的应用。例如，研究者在实验中使用了特制的胖人服装来改变实验者的体型，进而研究不同同伴体型对实验者饮食的影响。学生可以通过此例，认识到实验手段在社会科学研究中的作用。 3. 批判性思维培养 文章通过描述两个实验的过程和结果，展示了批判性思维推理的过程。通过对比传统认知（应避免与食量大的肥胖者共餐）与研究结论（实际更应避免与食量大的瘦人共餐）的矛盾，有助于培养学生质疑和验证的科学态度。 4. 社会心理学意识 文章揭示了“社会从众心理”在饮食领域的表现，帮助学生理解环境因素对个体行为的潜在影响。譬如，当胖的实验同伴吃食物时，学生可能会少吃，因为担心会变得和对方一样胖；而当瘦的实验同伴吃食物时，学生可能会多吃，因为觉得即使吃多了也会和对方一样瘦。 5. 语言解析能力 文章用清晰、简洁的语言来描述实验结果和过程。学生可以学习到如何准确表达研究结果和实验过程。例如，文中包含“ostensibly”，“beanpoles”，“follow suit”等专业表达词汇，以及实验描述的专业句式结构，可提升学生的科技英语表达与理解能力。
2020新课标 II卷B篇 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
儿童认知发展研究 24. 细节理解题 Para. 2 spatial skills
25. 细节理解题 Para. 2 experimental design
26. 细节理解题 Para. 5 gender differences
27. 主旨大意题 全文 main idea
语篇意义
本文通过芝加哥大学心理学家的研究，揭示了拼图游戏对2~4岁儿童空间认知能力的促进作用，并分析了家庭收入、父母教育程度、性别因素对拼图游戏行为的影响。阅读这篇文章，学生将在以下多个方面得到能力提升： 1. 信息提取与整合能力 学生通过阅读文章，可以快速获取关于拼图游戏对儿童数学相关技能影响的研究信息，理解研究背景、方法、结果。如需要从实验数据中提取关键结论（拼图对空间技能的提升作用），并理解研究者如何控制变量（父母收入、教育水平等）来确保结论的科学性。 2. 科学研究方法认知 文章展示了纵向研究的设计（跟踪26~54个月儿童的发育），帮助学生理解“控制变量”、“样本分析”等科研方法在心理学中的具体运用。同时，也提到了视频录制和分析等科技手段在研究中的实践，有助于培养学生的科技意识。 3. 社会文化意识培养 通过分析不同变量对实验结果的影响，引导学生思考社会文化的差异性对儿童发展的潜在影响。例如，父母收入（收入较高的父母让孩子更频繁地玩拼图），儿童性别（男孩接触更复杂拼图、男孩父母提供更多空间语言）。 4. 批判性思维训练 学生通过分析文章中的实验设计、研究结果和结论，可以锻炼自己的逻辑思维能力。同时，也可以对研究结果进行批判性思考，如考虑本文研究结果是否适用于所有儿童，是否存在其他影响因素等。 5. 专业语言能力提升 学生通过阅读文章，可学习到一些专业术语和表达方式。如文中包含“spatial skills”，“cognitive predictor”，“developmental science”等专业术语，以及实验结果的量化表达（如26~46个月与54个月的对比），能增强学生对科技文本的解读能力。
2025八省 联考卷D篇 题材 考查题型 考点分布 考查方向
运动与认知研究 32. 主旨大意题 Para. 1 research purpose
33. 细节理解题 Para. 3 experimental procedure
34. 推理判断题 Para. 4 test objective
35. 作者观点题 Para. 5 personal verification
语篇意义
本文报道了欧洲两所大学的联合研究，通过对照实验发现学习后4小时进行运动能提升记忆巩固效果，同时探讨了运动强度与认知增强的关系。阅读这篇文章，学生将在以下多个方面得到能力提升： 1. 信息获取与理解能力 文本通过介绍运动对学习记忆的影响，帮助学生理解科学研究的基本流程（假设—实验—结论）。学生需提取关键信息：运动最佳时间为学习后4小时，以及实验设计细节（72名参与者、MRI磁共振成像监测等）。 2. 科研逻辑梳理分析 学生需理解实验设计的递进性（基于前人“运动促进记忆”的结论→探索最佳时间窗口），掌握“即时运动组、延后运动组”的实验设计原理。此外，文章提及MRI技术和计算机测试等手段，可引导学生关注科技在认知研究中的应用。 3. 批判性思维训练 学生需分析实验设计的合理性，并思考是否有其他延迟时间。且文末提出的未解问题（最佳运动强度、四小时窗口的生理机制），可激发学生进一步质疑与思考，引导学生区分已证结论与研究空白，培养科学质疑精神。 4. 跨学科知识整合 本文研究涉及多学科交叉融合，涵盖运动生理学（生化物质释放）、神经科学（脑电波监测）、心理学（记忆巩固）等多学科内容，可拓展学生的综合认知视野，培养学生多学科视角的综合分析能力。 5. 学术语言应用能力 文中“biochemical boost”，“circuit training”，“MRI assessment”等专业术语，以及“Half of the exercisers... The other half...”等实验分组专业性表述。此文适合作为科技类语篇的阅读材料，能强化学生对科技型论文语言特征的把握。
Passage one【2020年新高考I卷D篇】
①Q32 According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), Q33 it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
②To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. Q34 An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
③Q34 Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
④Q34 For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
⑤The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, Q35 we'll adjust the influence. Q35 If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. Q33 But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The study reveals that people tend to eat more when accompanied by thin people with big appetites, adjusting their food intake based on their companions' body size and consumption habits.
2. Complete the structure of the passage.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What is the recent study mainly about
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior. 同义替换
33. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons. 同义替换
34. Why did the researchers hire the actor
A. To see how she would affect the participants. 简化合并
B. To test if the participants could recognize her.
C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D. To study why she could keep her weight down.
35. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph
A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others. 简化合并 D. How we feel about the food.
答案：DDAC
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ① 同义替换 ② 原词复现 ③ 词类转换 ④ 简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly participate in a study about movie viewership. 电影收视率
(2) The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. 跟着做
(3) I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. 克制（行为）
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions, it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. (Para. 1, the second sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。And contrary to existing research...介词短语作状语。that引导定语从句修饰research。who引导定语从句修饰heavier people。主句中运用了强调句（It is... that...的省略形式）。强调了宾语the beanpoles。后置定语with big appetites修饰beanpoles。
翻译：现有研究认为应避免与暴饮暴食的胖人同桌就餐，但这项研究发现，真正需警惕的反而是那些瘦如竹竿却食欲惊人的食客。
(2) If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. (Para. 5, the fifth sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。If引导条件状语从句，从句中an overweight person是主语，谓语is having的时态是现在进行时，名词短语a large portion是宾语。主句中包含一个由because引导的原因状语从句。
翻译：如果一个超重的人吃了很多，我会稍微克制一下，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。
Passage two【2020年新课标II卷B篇】
①Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, Q27 but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
②Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, Q24 found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Q25 Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition (认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
③Q27 The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
④“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate (旋转) and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
⑤The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, Q26 boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.
⑥Q27 The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
A study demonstrated that children aged 2~4 who regularly play with puzzles can develop significantly better spatial skills, which boys typically engaging with more complex puzzles and receiving more spatial language input from parents than girls.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
24. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play
A. Building confidence. B. Developing spatial skills. 原词复现
C. Learning self-control. D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.
25. What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？
A. Parents’ age. B. Children’s imagination.
C. Parents’ education. 原词复现 D. Child-parent relationship.
26. How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play
A. They play with puzzles more often.
B. They tend to talk less during the game.
C. They prefer to use more spatial language.
D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles. 同义替换
27. What is the text mainly about
A. A mathematical method. B. A scientific study. 简化合并
C. A woman psychologist D. A teaching program.
答案：BCDB
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ① 同义替换 ② 原词复现 ③ 词类转换 ④ 简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills. 高科技
(2) Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said. 预测因素
(3) “The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement. 转换
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills. (Para. 1, the first sentence)
分析：本句是一个由连词but连接的并列复合句，包含两个分句，表示转折关系。第一个分句中包含if引导条件状语从句。第二个分句中researchers said后接省略that的宾语从句。
翻译：一些家长会购买任何高科技玩具，如果他们认为这会帮助他们的孩子，但研究人员表示，拼图可以帮助孩子掌握数学相关技能。
(2) “The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement. (Para. 4, the first sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句中Levine作主语，动词过去式said作谓语，in a statement作状语。从句本身（说的那句话）也是复合句，第一个who引导非限制性定语从句修饰children，第二个who引导非限制性定语从句修饰those；后面that引导的从句修饰tasks，因此主句为The children performed better than those (children)。
翻译： Levine在一份声明中说：“在评估他们旋转和转换形状能力的任务中，玩拼图的孩子比不玩拼图的表现更好。”
Passage three【2025年八省联考卷D篇】
①Want to learn a new language or get A's in college exams Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert (转换) new information into long-term memory. Q32 A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning.
②Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning.
③Participants – 72 healthy male and female adults – were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning. Q33 After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two-thirds of them also exercised. Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test. The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested.
④Q34 Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity. The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately. Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned.
⑤According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying. But why That's one question the researchers have yet to answer. Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning. Q35 I've run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout. But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
A new study found moderate exercising four hours after learning can help memory most, with MRI showing better recall and brain activity than immediate exercise, though the best exercise/workout intensity remains unknown/unanswered.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What did the new study aim to explore
A. When exercise is best for learning. 原词复现，简化合并 B. What biochemicals are good for health.
C. How brainwaves should be measured. D. Which area of the brain is the most active.
33. What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment
A. Train on bicycles. B. Do mathematics exercises.
C. Play computer games. D. Watch films about nature. 同义替换
34. Why did the participants return to the lab two days later
A. To do a medical examination. B. To have their memory tested. 同义替换
C. To get their workouts recorded. D. To finish their previous tasks.
35. What might the author's marathon running prove
A. The findings of the study are reliable. B. Long-distance runners are often smart.
C. Studies on the marathon are not enough. D. Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain. 简化合并
答案：ADBD
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ① 同义替换 ② 原词复现 ③ 词类转换 ④ 简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test. 循环训练
(2) Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned. （大脑）负担
(3) I've run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout. 敏锐
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning. (Para. 2, the first sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。现在分词短语Building upon做状语，后面第一个that引导的定语从句修饰research，从句中第二个that引导的定语从句修饰biochemicals。主句中，at介词短语（2所大学）修饰主语scientists，conducted作谓语，a study作宾语；不定式to determine表示目的，连接副词when引导宾语从句。
翻译：拉德堡德大学和爱丁堡大学的科学家在过去研究中发现运动会释放改善心理功能的生化物质的基础上，进行了一项研究，以确定何时运动对学习最有益。
(2) Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned. (Para. 4, the third sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句中主语是Their brainwaves，谓语是showed；宾语是more consistent levels of activity，其中宾语中心语是activity。现在分词indicating做状语，包含that引导的宾语从句，从句中were less taxed用被动语态；不定式to remember后接what作引导的宾语从句。
翻译：他们的脑电波也显示出更稳定的活动水平，表明他们的大脑在记住所学知识方面负担较小。
语篇相关话题词汇梳理
试题 子话题词汇
研究对象 活动 生活方式
食物/工具 活动类型 活动结果 行为方式 情绪与态度
2020年 新高考I卷 D篇 snack 零食 candy 糖果 fat suit 胖服装 conducted two experiments 做2个实验 took a large amount of food 吃大量食物 influence our food intake 影响我们的食物摄入 overweight person 超重的人 keep slim 保持苗条 social influence 社交影响 follow suit 跟随他人 extremely influential 极具影响 I’ll have what she's having. 吃她一样的东西 making decisions 做决定 adjust the influence 调整影响 hold back 克制
2020年 新课标II卷 B篇 high-tech toy 高科技玩具 puzzles 拼图游戏 play with puzzles 玩拼图游戏 help children with math-related skills 帮助儿童掌握数学能力 develop better spatial skills 发展更好的空间能力 performed better 表现更好 controlling for differences 控制差异 rotate and translate shapes 旋转及转换形状 interact with their children 与儿童互动 provided more spatial language 提供更多空间语言 tended to 倾向于 more frequently 更频繁地 more active 更活跃
2025年 八省联考卷 D篇 nature documentaries 自然纪录片 exercise bike 健身车 MRI machines磁共振成像仪 exercise 锻炼 computer test 计算机测试 circuit training 循环训练 recall test 回忆测试 convert new information 转换新信息 releases biochemicals 释放生化物质 improve mental function 改善心理功能 brains were less taxed 大脑负担较小 maximize learning 学习最大化 was most beneficial to learning 最有利于学习 assess their brain activity 评估大脑活动 tough workout 剧烈运动 light workouts 轻度运动 most accurately 最准确地 prove the fact 证明事实
人教版教材相关话题词汇梳理
教材 单元 子话题词汇
研究对象 活动 生活方式
食物/工具 活动类型 活动结果 行为方式 情绪与态度
必修一 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness volleyball 排球 basketball 篮球 healthy foods 健康食品 burger 汉堡 world championships 世界锦标赛 push-ups 俯卧撑 brought honour and glory 带来荣誉荣耀 lose three kilos 减肥3公斤 became both happier and healthier 变得更快乐和健康 worked together 齐心协力 learning from his failures 从失败中学习 cutting out the foods 抗拒食物 added healthy foods 添加健康食品 stopped comparing myself with 停止自我对比 made a list 列清单 falling apart 崩溃边缘 lose heart 灰心 impressive 令人称赞 never give up 永不放弃 went bananas 发疯 had no idea 不知道 By being positive 保持乐观
教材 单元 子话题词汇
研究对象 活动 生活方式
食物/工具 活动类型 活动结果 行为方式 情绪与态度
选择性 必修二 Unit 3 Food and Culture Chinese cooking 中国菜 General Tso's chicken左宗棠鸡 peppercorns 花椒 boiled dumplings 水饺 pancake rolls stuffed with sliced onions 煎饼卷大葱 lamb kebab 羊肉串 dim sum 点心 stewed noodles 烩面 healthy diet 健康饮食 fatty food 高脂肪食物 sweet drinks 甜饮料 processed foods 加工食品 cuisine 烹饪 friendship offered us 我们所获友谊 show friendship and kindness 展现友谊与善意 keep healthy 保持健康 for strong bones and muscle growth 强壮骨骼与肌肉生长 You are what you eat. 人如其食 joining in to help 进来帮忙 go hand in hand 密切相关 cut down on desserts 少吃甜食 eat slowly 细嚼慢咽 consistent eating habits 一贯的饮食习惯 eat a modest amount of food 摄入适量的食物 This is probably not 可能不是 are not afraid to 不惧怕 wonderful 美妙 kindness 友善 hot temper 火爆脾气 healthy attitude 健康的态度
教材 单元 子话题词汇
研究对象 活动 生活方式
食物/工具 活动类型 活动结果 行为方式 情绪与态度
选择性 必修三 Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle habit cycle 习惯环 escalator 自动扶梯 magic pill 魔法药丸 biscuits 饼干 sugary drinks 含糖饮料 dried meat 肉干 played table tennis or badminton 打乒乓球或羽毛球 jumped on my skateboard 玩滑板 playing computer games 玩电脑游戏 rock climbing 攀岩 lead to physical and mental health problems 导致身心健康问题 We are what we repeatedly do. 重复的行为造就了我们 feel more dynamic and stronger 感到更有活力和强壮 sleep soundly 睡得香 no longer suffer from a flu virus or toothaches 不再遭受流感或牙痛 enhanced the quality of my life 提高了我的生活质量 involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse 沉迷于烟酒 listen to some of our favourite music 听最喜欢的音乐 taking the stairs instead 改成走楼梯 A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. 千里之行，始于足下 Change the world by changing yourself. 通过改变自己来改变世界 eat nothing with sugar 不吃甜食 exercise regularly 定期锻炼 Be the change you want to see in the world. 欲变世界，先变其身 independent 独立的 positive 积极 negative 消极 relaxed 放松的 pessimistic 悲观 discipline 自制力 lacked passion 缺乏激情 fantastic 棒极了 dynamic 充满活力的 in my opinion 在我看来 stressed out 焦虑不安 energetic 精力充沛
Writing
邀请信
假定你是李华，你校英文报正在组织“Healthy Brain, Healthy Life”主题体验周。请给外教Ms Smith写一封80词左右的邮件，邀请她参加并体验“运动助记”实验课。要点：
1. 时间与地点：本周五下午 3:00—4:30，校体育馆；
2. 活动内容：动感单车 + 电脑记忆测试；
3. 预期收获：了解运动如何刺激大脑区域、提升记忆。
Sample 1
Dear Ms Smith,
Inspired by the MRI study, we’re launching “Healthy Brain, Healthy Life”, whose core event—held this Friday 3:00-4:30 p.m. in the stadium—is a cycling lab I’d love you to attend. (背景+邀请)
After a 20-minute ride on an exercise bike, each participant will perform a computer test to stimulate brain areas and improve mental function, converting new information into long-term memory. (活动内容，含非谓语stimulate, converting) Only when the biochemicals released reach the right level can recall be most accurate, helping determine when exercise is best for learning. (倒装+定语从句)
Your presence will inspire every healthy male and female student present and make the data more convincing. (礼貌收尾)
Yours,
Li Hua
(99 words)
Sample 2
Dear Ms Smith,
To test the effect of exercise on learning, our English paper is launching a “Healthy Brain, Healthy Life” week. (背景介绍) I’m writing to invite you to the “exercise-and-memory” lab, which will be held in the school stadium from 3:00 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. this Friday. (邀请+时间地点)
After warming up, participants will ride an exercise bike for twenty minutes, during which biochemicals that stimulate brain areas and improve mental function will be released. (活动内容+定语从句+非谓语作状语) Immediately afterwards, everyone will perform a computer test designed to assess how well the brain converts the new information into long-term memory, so that we can determine when exercise is most beneficial. (活动内容+非谓语作定语+宾语从句+目的状语从句)
Your presence, contrary to existing research which usually ignores real-class settings, would help us see the results of our habits and adjust the influence of routine learning. (预期收获+定语从句+非谓语作宾补) Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
(130 words)
教材相关单元课文截图人与自我—健康的生活方式“研究发现型”说明文（学生版）
“研究发现型”说明文基本结构：研究发现—研究过程（背景、目标、对象、原理、方法、数据、结果……）—研究结论（前景、影响、意义、评价、未来方向、不足……）
Passage one【2020年新高考I卷D篇】
①According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
②To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
③Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
④For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
⑤The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she’s having” effect. However, we’ll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
The study reveals that people tend to eat more when accompanied by people with big , adjusting their food based on their companions’ body size and consumption .
2. Complete the structure of the passage.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What is the recent study mainly about
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
33. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
34. Why did the researchers hire the actor
A. To see how she would affect the participants.
B. To test if the participants could recognize her.
C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D. To study why she could keep her weight down.
35. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph
A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question’s correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ① 同义替换 ② 原词复现 ③ 词类转换 ④ 简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly participate in a study about movie viewership.
(2) The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have.
(3) I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions, it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. (Para. 1, the second sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。And contrary to existing research...介词短语作状语。that引导定语从句修饰 。who引导定语从句修饰 。主句中运用了强调句（It is... that...的省略形式）。强调了 the beanpoles。后置定语with big appetites修饰 。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. (Para. 5, the fifth sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。If引导 从句，从句中an overweight person是主语，谓语is having的时态是 时，名词短语a large portion是宾语。主句中包含一个由because引导的 从句。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Passage two【2020年新课标II卷B篇】
①Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
②Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition (认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
③The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
④“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate (旋转) and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
⑤The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.
⑥The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
A study demonstrated that children aged 2~4 who regularly puzzles can develop significantly spatial skills, which boys typically engaging with more and receiving more language input from than girls.
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
24. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play
A. Building confidence. B. Developing spatial skills.
C. Learning self-control. D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.
25. What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？
A. Parents’ age. B. Children’s imagination.
C. Parents’ education. D. Child-parent relationship.
26. How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play
A. They play with puzzles more often.
B. They tend to talk less during the game.
C. They prefer to use more spatial language.
D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
27. What is the text mainly about
A. A mathematical method. B. A scientific study.
C. A woman psychologist D. A teaching program.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ① 同义替换 ② 原词复现 ③ 词类转换 ④ 简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles
help children with math-related skills.
(2) Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
(3) “The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles
help children with math-related skills. (Para. 1, the first sentence)
分析：本句是一个由连词but连接的并列复合句，包含两个分句，表示 关系。第一个分句中包含if引导 从句。第二个分句中researchers said后接省略that的 从句。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) “The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed
their ability to rotate and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement. (Para. 4, the first sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句中Levine作主语，动词过去式said作谓语，in a statement作 。从句本身（说的那句话）也是复合句，第一个who引导非限制性定语从句修饰 ，第二个who引导非限制性定语从句修饰 ；后面that引导的从句修饰tasks，因此主句为 。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Passage three【2025年八省联考卷D篇】
①Want to learn a new language or get A’s in college exams Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert (转换) new information into long-term memory. A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning.
②Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning.
③Participants – 72 healthy male and female adults – were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning. After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two-thirds of them also exercised. Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test. The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested.
④Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity. The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately. Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned.
⑤According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying. But why That’s one question the researchers have yet to answer. Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning. I’ve run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout. But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning.
Task 1: Reading for structure
1. What’s the main idea of the passage
A new study found moderate exercising hours learning can help memory most, with MRI showing better recall and brain than immediate exercise, though the best intensity remains .
2. Read the passage and figure out the structure.
Task 2: Practice based on the reading strategies
1. Choose the best answer to each question and mark the clues in the passage.
32. What did the new study aim to explore
A. When exercise is best for learning. B. What biochemicals are good for health.
C. How brainwaves should be measured. D. Which area of the brain is the most active.
33. What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment
A. Train on bicycles. B. Do mathematics exercises.
C. Play computer games. D. Watch films about nature.
34. Why did the participants return to the lab two days later
A. To do a medical examination. B. To have their memory tested.
C. To get their workouts recorded. D. To finish their previous tasks.
35. What might the author’s marathon running prove
A. The findings of the study are reliable. B. Long-distance runners are often smart.
C. Studies on the marathon are not enough. D. Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain.
2. Locate and underline the key sentence(s) in the passage for each question's correct choice and highlight the keywords.
3. Match the following skills with the correct choice for each question.
Skills: ① 同义替换 ② 原词复现 ③ 词类转换 ④ 简化合并
Task 3: Reading for Language features
1. Write the Chinese meanings of the underlined words in the sentences.
(1) Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test.
(2) Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned.
(3) I’ve run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout.
2. Analyze and translate the following sentences.
(1) Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning. (Para. 2, the first sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。现在分词短语Building upon做状语，后面第一个that引导的定语从句修饰 ，从句中第二个that引导的定语从句修饰 。主句中，at介词短语（2所大学）修饰主语scientists，conducted作谓语，a study作宾语；不定式to determine表示目的，连接副词 引导宾语从句。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
(2) Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned. (Para. 4, the third sentence)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句中主语是Their brainwaves，谓语是showed；宾语是more consistent levels of activity，其中宾语中心语是 。现在分词indicating做状语，包含 引导的宾语从句，从句中were less taxed用 语态；不定式to remember后接 作引导的宾语从句。
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
语篇相关话题词汇梳理
词汇 子话题词汇
研究对象 活动 生活方式
食物/工具 活动类型 活动结果 行为方式 情绪与态度
试题词汇
教材词汇
Writing
假定你是李华，你校英文报正在组织“Healthy Brain, Healthy Life”主题体验周。请给外教Ms Smith写一封80词左右的邮件，邀请她参加并体验“运动助记”实验课。要点：
1. 时间与地点：本周五下午3:00—4:30，校体育馆；
2. 活动内容：动感单车 + 电脑记忆测试；
3. 预期收获：了解运动如何刺激大脑区域、提升记忆。
___________________________________________________________________________________
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