Unit 3 To be a good learner 词汇、短语和句型背记
一、核心词汇
英文单词 音标 中文释义 词性 备注(常见搭配/例句提示)
learner / l n (r)/ 学习者 n. 搭配lifelong learner(终身学习者)、successful learner(成功的学习者),例:Benjamin Franklin was a famous lifelong learner.(本杰明·富兰克林是著名的终身学习者)
lifelong / la fl / 终身的;毕生的 adj. 搭配lifelong learning(终身学习)、lifelong friend(终身朋友),例:Lifelong learning helps us keep improving.(终身学习帮助我们不断进步)
talent / t l nt/ 天资;才能 n. 搭配have a talent for(有……天赋),例:Steve has a talent for working with computers.(史蒂夫有操作电脑的天赋)
curious / kj ri s/ 好奇的 adj. 搭配be curious about(对……好奇),例:Franklin was curious about the world around him.(富兰克林对周围的世界充满好奇)
invent / n vent/ 发明;创造 v. 搭配invent a tool(发明一种工具),例:He invented a language learning app to help people communicate.(他发明了一款语言学习应用,帮助人们交流)
inventor / n vent (r)/ 发明家 n. 搭配famous inventor(著名发明家),例:Benjamin Franklin was a great inventor who created many useful things.(本杰明·富兰克林是伟大的发明家,创造了许多有用的东西)
success /s k ses/ 成功 n. 搭配achieve success(取得成功)、great success(巨大成功),例:Hard work leads to success.(努力终将通向成功)
successful /s k sesfl/ 成功的;有成效的 adj. 搭配successful learner(成功的学习者)、successful project(成功的项目),例:She is a successful language learner.(她是一名成功的语言学习者)
translate /tr ns le t/ 翻译 v. 搭配translate...into...(把……翻译成……),例:The app can translate Chinese into over 20 languages.(这款应用能把中文翻译成20多种语言)
pronunciation /pr n nsi e n/ 发音 n. 搭配correct pronunciation(正确发音)、improve pronunciation(改善发音),例:Good pronunciation helps people understand you better.(良好的发音帮助人们更好地理解你)
grammar / ɡr m (r)/ 语法 n. 搭配learn grammar(学习语法)、grammar rules(语法规则),例:We need to master grammar rules to write correctly.(我们需要掌握语法规则才能正确写作)
guide /ɡa d/ 指导;引导 v./n. 搭配guide sb. on the right path(引导某人走上正确的道路)、a useful guide(实用的指南),例:A good teacher guides students in learning.(好老师指导学生学习)
effort / ef t/ 努力 n. 搭配make an effort(努力)、thanks to one’s efforts(多亏了某人的努力),例:His efforts in learning finally paid off.(他在学习上的努力终于有了回报)
develop /d vel p/ 培养;发展 v. 搭配develop skills(培养技能)、develop a habit(养成习惯),例:We should develop good study habits from an early age.(我们应该从小养成良好的学习习惯)
master / mɑ st (r)/ 掌握;精通 v./n. 搭配master a language(掌握一门语言)、a master of...(……的大师),例:Zhao Yuanren was a master of many languages.(赵元任是多语言大师)
warn /w n/ 警告;告诫 v. 搭配warn sb. not to do sth.(警告某人不要做某事),例:The teacher warned us not to give up easily.(老师告诫我们不要轻易放弃)
encourage / n k r d / 鼓励;激励 v. 搭配encourage sb. to do sth.(鼓励某人做某事),例:Max encourages me to keep trying when I face difficulties.(我遇到困难时,马克斯鼓励我继续尝试)
二、重点短语
英文短语 中文释义 搭配/例句
The love of learning is as important in studying as breathing is in running. 对学习的热爱在学习中如同呼吸在奔跑中一样重要(单元主题句) As the saying goes, The love of learning is as important in studying as breathing is in running.(常言道,对学习的热爱在学习中如同呼吸在奔跑中一样重要)
teach oneself 自学 Franklin taught himself by reading a lot when he was young.(富兰克林年轻时通过大量阅读自学)
stay up late 熬夜 He often stayed up late to read books and return them early the next day.(他经常熬夜看书,以便第二天一早归还)
in order to 为了;以便 He studied hard in order to pass the exam.(他努力学习是为了通过考试)
come as no surprise 不足为奇 Franklin’s countless inventions came as no surprise because he loved science.(富兰克林有无数发明不足为奇,因为他热爱科学)
for free 免费 Franklin let people use his inventions for free.(富兰克林让人们免费使用他的发明)
set apart from 使……与众不同 His great love of learning set him apart from many others.(他对学习的热爱使他与众不同)
have a talent for 有……天赋 She has a talent for learning foreign languages.(她有学习外语的天赋)
be curious about 对……好奇 Children are always curious about new things.(孩子们总是对新事物充满好奇)
pay attention to 注意;关注 We should pay attention to our pronunciation when speaking English.(说英语时,我们应该注意发音)
as...as possible 尽可能…… Try to practice English as often as possible.(尽量尽可能频繁地练习英语)
give up 放弃 Never give up when you meet difficulties in learning.(学习中遇到困难时,永远不要放弃)
keep trying 继续尝试 Keep trying, and you will make progress.(继续尝试,你会取得进步)
learn from 向……学习 We should learn from Benjamin Franklin’s love of learning.(我们应该学习本杰明·富兰克林对学习的热爱)
focus on 专注于 Focus on learning sentences rather than single words.(专注于学习句子,而不是单个单词)
put oneself in 置身于 He learnt the local language by putting himself in the language environment.(他通过置身于语言环境中学会了当地语言)
三、核心句型
句型结构 中文释义 例句 备注(用法说明)
介绍优秀学习者:Sb. is a + 形容词 + learner. He/She + 学习相关动作. 某人是一名……的学习者。他/她…… Benjamin Franklin is a lifelong learner. He taught himself by reading a lot.(本杰明·富兰克林是一名终身学习者,他通过大量阅读自学) 可搭配lifelong/successful等形容词,学习动作可用teach oneself/study hard等
描述学习表现(副词比较级):Sb. does + 动词 + 副词比较级 + than + 对比对象. 某人做某事比……更…… Amy reads faster than Sandy.(埃米比桑迪读得快) 副词比较级需根据单音节/多音节变化,如fast→faster,carefully→more carefully
描述学习表现(副词最高级):Sb. does + 动词 + the + 副词最高级 + (范围). 某人在(范围内)做某事最…… Millie reads the fastest among the three.(米莉在三个人中读得最快) 范围常用in/among短语,副词最高级前需加the
表达自主学习(反身代词):Sb. teaches oneself + 学科/技能. / Sb. learns... by oneself. 某人自学…… / 某人通过自己学习…… Suzy teaches herself paper-cutting. / She learns English by herself.(苏西自学剪纸。/ 她自学英语) 反身代词需与主语保持人称、数一致
提出学习建议:You should + 动词原形. / It’s a good idea to + 动词原形. 你应该…… / 做……是个好主意。 You should practice speaking English every day. / It’s a good idea to read English aloud in the morning.(你应该每天练习说英语。/ 早上大声读英语是个好主意) 建议句型语气委婉,可搭配often/every day等频率副词
说明学习目的:Sb. does sth. to + 动词原形. / Sb. does sth. in order to + 动词原形. 某人做某事是为了…… He stayed up late to finish his homework. / She reads more in order to improve her reading skills.(他熬夜是为了完成作业。/ 她多读书是为了提高阅读技能) in order to比to语气更正式,可置于句首
询问学习方法:How do you learn + 学科/技能 你是如何学习……的? — How do you learn English — I learn English by listening to English songs.(—你是如何学习英语的?—我通过听英文歌曲学习英语) 回答常用by + 动名词短语表示方式
四、语法拓展:副词比较级和最高级 + 反身代词 + 后缀 -er/-or/-ist(单元核心考点)
1. 副词比较级和最高级(核心语法)
构成类型 规则 单元例词 例句
单音节副词 直接加 -er(比较级)/ -est(最高级) fast → faster → fastest;hard → harder → hardest He works harder than his classmates. He works the hardest in our group.(他比同学工作更努力,是我们组里最努力的)
以 -e 结尾的副词 加 -r(比较级)/ -st(最高级) late → later → latest;nice → nicer → nicest(副词用法) She arrived later than expected. She arrived the latest of all.(她比预期到得晚,是所有人中到得最晚的)
以 “辅音 + y” 结尾的副词 变 y 为 i 加 -er/-est early → earlier → earliest He gets up earlier than me. He gets up the earliest in his family.(他比我起得早,是家里起得最早的)
多音节副词 前加 more(比较级)/ most(最高级) carefully → more carefully → most carefully;quickly → more quickly → most quickly She writes more carefully than Tom. She writes the most carefully in the class.(她比汤姆写得更仔细,是班里写得最仔细的)
不规则变化 特殊记忆 well → better → best;badly → worse → worst;far → further/farther → furthest/farthest He sings better than his sister. He sings the best in the school.(他比姐姐唱得好,是学校里唱得最好的)
2. 反身代词(核心语法)
人称 单数 复数 例句
第一人称 myself(我自己) ourselves(我们自己) I taught myself English. / We enjoyed ourselves during the study trip.(我自学英语。/ 我们在研学旅行中玩得很开心)
第二人称 yourself(你自己) yourselves(你们自己) You should believe in yourself. / Help yourselves to some books.(你应该相信自己。/ 随便拿些书看吧)
第三人称 himself(他自己)、herself(她自己)、itself(它自己) themselves(他们/她们/它们自己) He hurt himself while playing football. / They learned to cook by themselves.(他踢足球时伤到了自己。/ 他们自学做饭)
用法规则 1. 主语和宾语为同一人/物时使用;2. 常用搭配:teach oneself(自学)、enjoy oneself(玩得开心)、by oneself(独自)、help oneself(随便吃/用) — —
3. 后缀 -er/-or/-ist(构词法)
后缀 含义 动词/名词 → 表示人的名词 例句
-er 从事……工作的人;擅长……的人 print → printer(印刷工)、teach → teacher(老师)、win → winner(获胜者) Franklin worked as a printer when he was young.(富兰克林年轻时是一名印刷工)
-or 从事……职业的人;……者 invent → inventor(发明家)、visit → visitor(参观者)、manage → manager(经理) Edison is a famous inventor.(爱迪生是著名的发明家)
-ist ……家;……主义者;……爱好者 science → scientist(科学家)、art → artist(艺术家)、tour → tourist(游客) Franklin was not only an inventor but also a scientist.(富兰克林不仅是发明家,还是科学家)
注意 部分单词需改变词尾:dance → dancer(舞者)、write → writer(作家) — —