Unit 5 Wild animals 词汇、短语和句型背记
一、核心词汇
英文单词 音标 中文释义 词性 备注(常见搭配/例句提示)
wild animal /wa ld n ml/ 野生动物 n.短语 搭配protect wild animals(保护野生动物)、save wild animals(拯救野生动物),例:Wild animals are our friends under the same sky.(野生动物是同一片天空下的朋友)
giant panda / d a nt p nd / 大熊猫 n.短语 搭配giant panda protection(大熊猫保护)、natural reserve for giant pandas(大熊猫自然保护区),例:Giant pandas mainly live on bamboo in China.(大熊猫在中国主要以竹子为食)
survive /s va v/ 生存;存活 v. 搭配survive in the wild(在野外生存)、survive a disaster(灾难中幸存),例:It’s hard for baby pandas to survive in the wild.(熊猫宝宝在野外很难存活)
protection /pr tek n/ 保护;防护 n. 搭配need protection(需要保护)、environmental protection(环保),例:Wild animals are in danger and need our protection.(野生动物处于危险中,需要我们的保护)
danger / de nd (r)/ 危险 n. 搭配in danger(处于危险中)、face danger(面临危险),例:Many wild animals are in great danger now.(许多野生动物现在处于极大的危险中)
attack / t k/ 攻击;袭击 v./n. 搭配attack sb./sth.(攻击某人/某物)、a sudden attack(突然袭击),例:The bear didn’t attack the man lying on the ground.(熊没有攻击躺在地上的人)
harm /hɑ m/ 伤害;损害 v./n. 搭配do harm to(对……有害)、cause harm(造成伤害),例:Plastic pollution does great harm to sea animals.(塑料污染对海洋动物危害极大)
illness / ln s/ 疾病;病 n. 搭配suffer from an illness(患病)、die of illness(因病死亡),例:Baby pandas may get sick and die from serious illnesses.(熊猫宝宝可能会生病,甚至死于严重疾病)
reserve /r z v/ 自然保护区;保留 n./v. 搭配nature reserve(自然保护区)、wildlife reserve(野生动物保护区),例:There are more nature reserves for giant pandas now.(现在有更多大熊猫自然保护区)
effort / ef t/ 努力;尝试 n. 搭配make an effort(努力)、thanks to one’s efforts(多亏了某人的努力),例:Thanks to the government’s efforts, the number of pandas is increasing.(多亏政府的努力,大熊猫的数量在增加)
increase / n kri s/(v.) / kri s/(n.) 增加;增长 v./n. 搭配increase rapidly(快速增加)、a sharp increase(急剧增长),例:The number of red-crowned cranes is slowly increasing.(丹顶鹤的数量在缓慢增加)
serious / s ri s/ 严重的;严肃的 adj. 搭配serious problems(严重问题)、a serious situation(严峻形势),例:Giant pandas face serious living problems in the wild.(大熊猫在野外面临严重的生存问题)
mainly / me nli/ 主要地;大体上 adv. 搭配mainly live on(主要以……为食)、mainly in(主要在……),例:Pandas mainly live in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces.(大熊猫主要生活在四川、陕西和甘肃省)
cause /k z/ 导致;引起;原因 v./n. 搭配cause trouble(惹麻烦)、the cause of(……的原因),例:Human activities cause many wild animals to lose their homes.(人类活动导致许多野生动物失去家园)
prevent /pr vent/ 预防;阻止 v. 搭配prevent sb./sth. from doing(阻止某人/某物做),例:We should prevent people from hunting wild animals.(我们应该阻止人们猎杀野生动物)
rare /re (r)/ 稀有的;珍贵的 adj. 搭配rare animals(珍稀动物)、a rare bird(珍稀鸟类),例:Red-crowned cranes are rare birds in the world.(丹顶鹤是世界珍稀鸟类)
hunt /h nt/ 打猎;猎杀 v. 搭配hunt wild animals(猎杀野生动物)、illegal hunting(非法狩猎),例:It’s against the law to hunt giant pandas.(猎杀大熊猫是违法的)
balance / b l ns/ 平衡;均衡 n./v. 搭配ecological balance(生态平衡)、keep balance(保持平衡),例:Protecting wild animals helps keep the ecological balance.(保护野生动物有助于维持生态平衡)
二、重点短语
英文短语 中文释义 搭配/例句
Humans and animals are family under the same sky. 人类和动物是同一片天空下的家人(单元主题句) As the unit theme says, Humans and animals are family under the same sky—we should protect each other.(正如单元主题所言,人类和动物是同一片天空下的家人,我们应该互相保护)
in the wild 在野外 Giant pandas in the wild face more dangers than those in zoos.(野外的大熊猫比动物园里的面临更多危险)
live on 以……为食;靠……生活 Koalas live mainly on eucalyptus leaves.(考拉主要以桉树叶为食)
as a result 因此;结果 Bamboo forests are getting smaller; as a result, pandas have no enough food.(竹林面积越来越小,因此大熊猫没有足够的食物)
take action 采取行动 We must take action to protect wild animals before it’s too late.(我们必须尽快采取行动保护野生动物)
thanks to 多亏;由于 Thanks to all the protection efforts, the number of wild tigers is growing.(多亏所有的保护努力,野生老虎的数量在增加)
round-the-clock care 全天候照料 The baby panda got round-the-clock care from the keepers.(这只熊猫宝宝得到了饲养员的全天候照料)
die out 灭绝;消失 Many ancient animals died out because of climate change.(许多古代动物因气候变化而灭绝)
lose one’s home 失去家园 Deforestation makes many wild animals lose their homes.(森林砍伐使许多野生动物失去家园)
illegal hunting 非法狩猎 Illegal hunting is one of the biggest threats to wild animals.(非法狩猎是野生动物面临的最大威胁之一)
natural reserve 自然保护区 Zhalong Nature Reserve is home to many rare birds.(扎龙自然保护区是许多珍稀鸟类的家园)
face serious problems 面临严重问题 Polar bears face serious problems due to melting ice.(由于冰层融化,北极熊面临严重问题)
keep the ecological balance 维持生态平衡 Protecting every wild animal helps keep the ecological balance.(保护每一种野生动物都有助于维持生态平衡)
be in great danger 处于极大危险中 African elephants are in great danger because of poaching.(由于偷猎,非洲象处于极大危险中)
set up nature reserves 建立自然保护区 The government plans to set up more nature reserves for wild animals.(政府计划为野生动物建立更多自然保护区)
三、核心句型
句型结构 中文释义 例句 备注(用法说明)
描述野生动物特征:Sb./Sth. + 动词 + 不定式. 某人/某物……(用不定式表动作) Giant pandas need to eat a lot of bamboo every day.(大熊猫每天需要吃很多竹子) 常用动词:need/want/decide/try/learn/plan等,后接to+动词原形
表达动作目的:Sb. does sth. to + 动词原形. / Sb. does sth. in order to + 动词原形. 某人为了……而做某事。 We built nature reserves to protect giant pandas. / We built nature reserves in order to protect giant pandas.(我们建立自然保护区是为了保护大熊猫) in order to比to语气更正式,可置于句首
描述生存困境:Sb./Sth. + have/has difficulty (in) doing sth. / It’s difficult for sb./sth. to + 动词原形. 某人/某物做某事有困难。 It’s difficult for giant pandas to have babies.(大熊猫繁殖后代很困难) 前者difficulty后接in+动名词(in可省略),后者用不定式结构
提出保护建议:We should / must + 动词原形. / We should prevent sb. from + 动名词. 我们应该/必须……。/ 我们应该阻止某人……。 We should stop cutting down forests. / We must prevent people from hunting wild animals.(我们应该停止砍伐森林。/ 我们必须阻止人们猎杀野生动物) 建议句型语气坚定,适配保护主题
说明数量变化:The number of + 复数名词 + is + increasing/decreasing. ……的数量正在增加/减少。 The number of giant pandas in China is increasing year by year.(中国大熊猫的数量逐年增加) the number of后接复数名词,谓语动词用单数
表达因果关系:…, so + 结果从句. / Because + 原因从句, … ……,所以……。/ 因为……,所以……。 Bamboo is pandas’ main food, so we should protect bamboo forests. / Because bamboo is pandas’ main food, we should protect bamboo forests.(竹子是大熊猫的主要食物,所以我们应该保护竹林) so不可与because同时使用
四、语法拓展:动词+不定式 + 不定式表目的 + 后缀-ing/-ness/-ion(单元核心考点)
1. 动词+不定式(核心语法)
动词类型 常见动词 例句 易错点提示
直接接to+动词原形 want, need, decide, try, learn, plan, hope, agree She wants to learn about wild animals.(她想了解野生动物) 勿遗漏to(错误:want learn×→want to learn√)
接宾语+to+动词原形 tell, ask, teach, encourage, warn, invite The teacher encouraged us to protect wild animals.(老师鼓励我们保护野生动物) 宾语后必须加to(错误:ask us protect×→ask us to protect√)
接不带to的不定式 let, make, have, see, hear, watch We saw the panda eat bamboo.(我们看见熊猫吃竹子) 感官动词和使役动词后接原形,被动语态需加to(错误:was seen eat×→was seen to eat√)
可带to或不带to help He helped me (to) clean the bird’s cage.(他帮我清理鸟笼) to可省略,两种形式均正确
2. 不定式表目的(核心语法)
结构 用法 例句 拓展说明
to + 动词原形 日常表达目的,可置于句末 We plant trees to provide homes for birds.(我们种树是为了给鸟类提供家园) 简洁常用,适配口语和书面语
in order to + 动词原形 强调目的,可置于句首或句末 In order to save water, we should reuse it.(为了节约用水,我们应该重复利用它) 正式表达,突出目的的重要性
so as to + 动词原形 表目的,仅置于句末 They work hard so as to improve the living conditions of wild animals.(他们努力工作是为了改善野生动物的生存条件) 语气比in order to委婉,不可置于句首
3. 后缀-ing/-ness/-ion(构词法)
后缀 含义 动词/形容词 → 名词 例句
-ing 表动作/过程 hunt → hunting(狩猎)、protect → protecting(保护)、meet → meeting(会面) Hunting wild animals is illegal.(猎杀野生动物是违法的)
-ness 表性质/状态 kind → kindness(善良)、happy → happiness(幸福)、sad → sadness(悲伤)、ill → illness(疾病) Wild animals have feelings of happiness and sadness.(野生动物也有喜怒哀乐)
-ion 表动作/结果 act → action(行动)、protect → protection(保护)、invite → invitation(邀请)、decide → decision(决定) We need to take action for the protection of wild animals.(我们需要采取行动保护野生动物)
注意 部分单词需变词尾:decide→decision(去e加-ion)、invite→invitation(去e加-ion) — —