Unit 7 The natural world 词汇、短语和句型背记
一、核心词汇
英文单词 音标 中文释义 词性 备注(常见搭配/例句提示)
ecosystem / i k s st m/ 生态系统 n. 搭配ocean ecosystem(海洋生态系统)、protect ecosystems(保护生态系统),例:Forests, oceans and wetlands are the earths main ecosystems.(森林、海洋和湿地是地球的主要生态系统)
wetland / wetl nd/ 湿地 n. 搭配wetland protection(湿地保护)、nature wetland(天然湿地),例:Wetlands are called the "kidneys" of the earth.(湿地被称为“地球之肾”)
forest / f r st/ 森林 n. 搭配tropical forest(热带雨林)、cut down forests(砍伐森林),例:Forests play an important role in cleaning the air.(森林在净化空气方面发挥着重要作用)
ocean / n/ 海洋 n. 搭配ocean pollution(海洋污染)、the Pacific Ocean(太平洋),例:The ocean covers about 71% of the earths surface.(海洋覆盖了地球表面约71%的面积)
coral reef / k r l ri f/ 珊瑚礁 n.短语 搭配the Great Barrier Reef(大堡礁)、protect coral reefs(保护珊瑚礁),例:Coral reefs support a lot of marine life.(珊瑚礁支撑着大量海洋生物)
balance / b l ns/ 平衡;均衡 n./v. 搭配ecological balance(生态平衡)、keep balance(保持平衡),例:Protecting wild animals helps keep the ecological balance.(保护野生动物有助于维持生态平衡)
pollution /p lu n/ 污染 n. 搭配air pollution(空气污染)、water pollution(水污染)、plastic pollution(塑料污染),例:Plastic pollution is harmful to ocean ecosystems.(塑料污染对海洋生态系统有害)
harmful / hɑ mfl/ 有害的 adj. 搭配be harmful to(对……有害),例:Some chemicals are harmful to plants and animals.(一些化学物质对动植物有害)
prevent /pr vent/ 防止;阻止 v. 搭配prevent sth. from doing(阻止某物做某事),例:Wetlands can prevent floods from happening.(湿地可以防止洪水发生)
store /st (r)/ 储存;贮藏 v./n. 搭配store water(储水)、store energy(储存能量),例:Desert plants can store water in their leaves.(沙漠植物能在叶子里储存水分)
support /s p t/ 支撑;支持 v./n. 搭配support life(支撑生命)、support environmental protection(支持环保),例:Coral reefs support thousands of marine species.(珊瑚礁支撑着数千种海洋生物)
damage / d m d / 损害;破坏 v./n. 搭配cause damage to(对……造成损害),例:Human activities have caused great damage to ecosystems.(人类活动已对生态系统造成巨大破坏)
recycle / ri sa kl/ 回收利用 v. 搭配recycle waste(回收废物)、recycle plastic(回收塑料),例:We should recycle paper to save trees.(我们应该回收纸张以拯救树木)
rare /re (r)/ 稀有的;珍贵的 adj. 搭配rare species(珍稀物种)、rare plants(珍稀植物),例:Red-crowned cranes are rare birds in the world.(丹顶鹤是世界珍稀鸟类)
create /kri e t/ 创造;创建 v. 搭配create nature reserves(建立自然保护区)、create a balanced ecosystem(创造平衡的生态系统),例:People should create more protected areas for wildlife.(人们应该为野生动物创建更多保护区)
protect /pr tekt/ 保护;防护 v. 搭配protect the environment(保护环境)、protect natural resources(保护自然资源),例:Its our duty to protect the natural world.(保护自然世界是我们的责任)
二、重点短语
英文短语 中文释义 搭配/例句
To treat the earth kindly is to treat oneself kindly. 善待地球就是善待自己(单元主题句) As the unit theme says, To treat the earth kindly is to treat oneself kindly—we must protect ecosystems.(正如单元主题所言,善待地球就是善待自己,我们必须保护生态系统)
the earths main ecosystems 地球的主要生态系统 The earths main ecosystems include oceans, wetlands and forests.(地球的主要生态系统包括海洋、湿地和森林)
get rid of 清除;摆脱 Wetland plants help get rid of pollution in water.(湿地植物有助于清除水中的污染)
slow down (使)慢下来 We need to slow down climate change by reducing carbon emissions.(我们需要通过减少碳排放来减缓气候变化)
lead to 导致;造成 Cutting down too many trees will lead to soil erosion.(砍伐过多树木会导致水土流失)
set up 建立;创建 The government plans to set up more nature reserves.(政府计划建立更多自然保护区)
keep...free from 保护……免受…… We should keep wetlands free from pollution.(我们应该保护湿地免受污染)
take in 吸收;吸入 Forest trees take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.(森林树木吸收二氧化碳并产生氧气)
play an important role in 在……中发挥重要作用 Oceans play an important role in regulating the earths climate.(海洋在调节地球气候方面发挥着重要作用)
be home to 是……的家园 The Amazon rainforest is home to millions of species.(亚马逊雨林是数百万物种的家园)
ecological balance 生态平衡 Human activities must not break the ecological balance.(人类活动绝不能破坏生态平衡)
marine life 海洋生物 Plastic waste is a great threat to marine life.(塑料废物对海洋生物是巨大威胁)
三、核心句型
句型结构 中文释义 例句 备注(用法说明)
介绍生态系统特征:Ecosystem + be + called + the "nickname" of the earth. 某生态系统被称为“地球之……”。 Oceans are called the "heart" of the earth. / Wetlands are called the "kidneys" of the earth.(海洋被称为“地球之心”。/ 湿地被称为“地球之肾”) 用比喻修辞,贴合单元核心表达
双宾语句型(S+V+O+O):Sb. gives/offers/brings + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语. / Sb. gives/offers/brings + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语. 某人给/提供/带给某人某物。 Plants give animals oxygen. / Plants give oxygen to animals.(植物给动物提供氧气) 常用动词:give, offer, bring, send, teach等,间接宾语是人,直接宾语是物
宾语补足语句型(S+V+O+C):Sb. calls/makes/keeps + 宾语 + 宾语补足语. 某人把……称为/使……成为/使……保持……状态。 People call forests the "lungs" of the earth. / We should keep the air clean.(人们把森林称为“地球之肺”。/ 我们应该保持空气清洁) 宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、介词短语等充当
表并列/转折/选择/因果:分句1 + and/but/or/so + 分句2. 分句1和/但是/或者/所以分句2。 Rainforests are hot, and they get plenty of rain. / Deserts are dry, but some plants can survive there.(雨林很热,而且雨水充沛。/ 沙漠很干燥,但有些植物能在那里生存) and表并列,but表转折,or表选择,so表因果
提出保护建议:We should + 动词原形. / We can + 动词原形 + to + 目的. 我们应该……。/ 我们可以……来……。 We should plant more trees. / We can recycle waste to protect the environment.(我们应该多种树。/ 我们可以回收废物来保护环境) 建议句型简洁明了,适配环保主题
描述生态问题及影响:Because of + 名词短语, + 结果句. / ..., so + 结果句. 由于……,所以……。/ ……,所以……。 Because of plastic pollution, many sea animals die. / Many sea animals die, so we must stop using plastic bags.(由于塑料污染,许多海洋动物死亡。/ 许多海洋动物死亡,所以我们必须停止使用塑料袋) because of后接名词短语,so连接分句,不可同时使用
四、语法拓展:动词及句型(S+V+O+O/S+V+O+C) + 并列连词 + 后缀 -ly(单元核心考点)
1. 动词及句型(S+V+O+O/S+V+O+C)(核心语法)
句型类型 结构 常见动词 例句 易错点提示
双宾语(S+V+O+O) 主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语(人) + 直接宾语(物) give, offer, bring, send, teach, pass, lend She sent me a book about ecosystems. / She sent a book about ecosystems to me.(她寄给我一本关于生态系统的书) 间接宾语为人,直接宾语为物,转换结构需加to(错误:send a book me×→send me a book√)
双宾语(for类) 主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语(人) + 直接宾语(物) buy, make, cook, find, prepare My mom made me a model of a forest. / My mom made a model of a forest for me.(妈妈给我做了一个森林模型) 此类动词转换结构需加for,而非to(错误:make a model to me×→make a model for me√)
宾语补足语(S+V+O+C) 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语(名/形/介词短语等) call, make, keep, find, see, consider We call the Great Barrier Reef a "marine paradise".(我们把大堡礁称为“海洋天堂”) 宾语补足语补充说明宾语,不可遗漏(错误:call the reef×→call the reef a paradise√)
宾语补足语(形容词作宾补) 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 形容词 keep, make, leave, find We must keep the wetlands clean.(我们必须保持湿地干净) 形容词直接作宾补,无需加be动词(错误:keep the wetlands are clean×→keep the wetlands clean√)
2. 并列连词and/but/or/so(核心语法)
连词 含义 用法 例句 易错点提示
and 和;并且 连接并列的单词、短语或分句,表顺承/并列 Oceans produce oxygen and regulate climate.(海洋产生氧气并调节气候) 连接多个并列成分时,and置于最后一个成分前(错误:trees, flowers, and grass×→trees, flowers and grass√)
but 但是 连接语义相反或相对的分句,表转折 The task is difficult, but we can finish it.(任务很难,但我们能完成) 不可与though/although同时使用(错误:Though its hard, but we try×→Though its hard, we try√)
or 或者;否则 表选择,或警告性结果 Do you like forests or wetlands / Hurry up, or youll miss the lecture.(你喜欢森林还是湿地?/ 快点,否则你会错过讲座) 否定句中表“和”用or,不用and(错误:I dont like pollution and waste×→I dont like pollution or waste√)
so 所以;因此 连接因果关系的分句,表结果 It rained heavily, so we didnt go to the wetland.(雨下得很大,所以我们没去湿地) 不可与because同时使用(错误:Because it rained, so we stayed×→Because it rained, we stayed√)
3. 后缀 -ly(构词法)
后缀用法 构成规则 例词(原词→派生词) 例句
形容词→副词(表“……地”) 一般形容词直接加 -ly;以y结尾变y为i加 -ly;以le结尾去e加 -ly quick→quickly(快速地)、happy→happily(快乐地)、simple→simply(简单地)、careful→carefully(仔细地) She studied the ecosystem carefully.(她仔细研究了这个生态系统)
名词→形容词(表“具有……性质的”) 部分名词加 -ly构成形容词 friend→friendly(友好的)、love→lovely(可爱的)、week→weekly(每周的) The friendly guide introduced the wetland to us.(友善的向导向我们介绍了湿地)
特殊情况 部分词既是形容词也是副词 daily(日常的/日常地)、weekly(每周的/每周地)、deadly(致命的/致命地) We do daily cleaning to protect the classroom environment.(我们做日常清洁来保护教室环境)