人教版八年级下册 Unit 1 Time to Relax 寒假预习讲义（含答案）

人教版八年级下册 Unit 1 Time to Relax 寒假预习讲义
Unit 1 核心词汇表
序号 单词 / 短语 音标 词性 汉译 拓展延伸
1 relax [r l ks] v. 放松；休息 relax oneself 放松自己；relaxing adj. 令人放松的（修饰物）；relaxed adj. 感到放松的（修饰人）；relaxation n. 放松；休息
2 stress [stres] n./v. 压力；强调；使承受压力 under stress 处于压力下；stressful adj. 充满压力的；stress out 紧张不安；put stress on 强调
3 mind [ma nd] n./v. 头脑；心智；介意 keep in mind 记住；change one's mind 改变主意；mind doing sth. 介意做某事；never mind 没关系
4 body [ b di] n. 身体；躯体 body language 肢体语言；physical body 肉体；复数：bodies
5 exercise [ eks sa z] n./v. 锻炼；运动；练习 do exercise 做运动；take exercise 锻炼身体；exercise regularly 定期锻炼；math exercises 数学练习
6 yoga [ j ɡ ] n. 瑜伽 do yoga 做瑜伽；yoga class 瑜伽课；yoga mat 瑜伽垫
7 meditate [ med te t] v. 冥想；沉思 meditate on 沉思；meditation n. 冥想；meditator n. 冥想者；过去式 / 过去分词：meditated
8 breath [breθ] n. 呼吸；气息 take a deep breath 深呼吸；hold one's breath 屏住呼吸；breathe v. 呼吸；breathless adj. 喘不过气的
9 sleep [sli p] n./v. 睡眠；睡觉 get enough sleep 充足睡眠；go to sleep 入睡；sleepy adj. 困倦的；asleep adj. 睡着的（表状态）
10 rest [rest] n./v. 休息；放松 have a rest 休息一下；rest for a while 休息一会儿；rest on 依靠；restful adj. 宁静的
11 hobby [ h bi] n. 爱好；嗜好 hobby 的复数：hobbies；develop a hobby 培养爱好；outdoor hobby 户外爱好
12 spare [spe (r)] adj./v. 空闲的；多余的；抽出（时间） spare time 空闲时间；spare money 闲钱；spare sb. some time 抽出时间给某人；spare no effort 不遗余力
13 spend [spend] v. 花费（时间、金钱）；度过 spend time/money on sth. 在某物上花费时间/金钱；spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事；过去式 / 过去分词：spent
14 enjoy [ n d ] v. 享受；喜爱 enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事；enjoy oneself 玩得开心；enjoyment n. 享受；乐趣
15 laugh [lɑ f] v./n. 笑；笑声 laugh at 嘲笑；laugh out loud 大声笑；burst into laughter 突然大笑；laughter n. 笑声（不可数）
16 calm [kɑ m] adj./v./n. 平静的；使平静；平静 stay calm 保持冷静；calm down 冷静下来；calmly adv. 平静地；calmness n. 平静
17 pressure [ pre (r)] n. 压力；压迫 peer pressure 同伴压力；work pressure 工作压力；put pressure on sb. 给某人施压；press v. 按压；施压
18 balance [ b l ns] n./v. 平衡；使平衡 keep a balance 保持平衡；balance between A and B A和B之间的平衡；balanced adj. 平衡的；balanced diet 均衡饮食
19 healthy [ helθi] adj. 健康的 healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式；unhealthy adj. 不健康的；health n. 健康；keep healthy 保持健康
20 tired [ ta d] adj. 疲倦的；累的 be tired of 厌倦；be tired from 因……而疲倦；tiring adj. 令人疲倦的（修饰物）；tiredness n. 疲倦
21 listen to music [ l sn tu mju z k] 短语 听音乐 listen 为不及物动词，后接宾语需加介词 to；listen carefully 仔细听；enjoy listening to music 喜欢听音乐
22 take a walk [te k w k] 短语 散步 同义短语：go for a walk；take a walk after dinner 饭后散步；take a long walk 长时间散步
23 in nature [ n ne t (r)] 短语 在大自然中 enjoy the beauty in nature 欣赏大自然的美景；get close to nature 亲近大自然
24 keep healthy [ki p helθi] 短语 保持健康 keep + adj. 保持某种状态；同义短语：stay healthy；keep fit
25 spare time [spe ta m] 短语 空闲时间 同义短语：free time；in one's spare time 在某人的空闲时间；spend one's spare time reading 空闲时间看书
26 have a good rest [h v ɡ d rest] 短语 好好休息 同义短语：have a good break；you need to have a good rest 你需要好好休息一下
27 calm down [kɑ m da n] 短语 冷静下来；平静下来 用于安抚他人情绪，常见搭配：calm sb. down 使某人冷静下来；take a deep breath to calm down 深呼吸冷静下来
28 keep a balance [ki p b l ns] 短语 保持平衡 常与 between...and... 连用，如 keep a balance between study and rest 保持学习和休息的平衡
29 spend...on... [spend ... n ...] 短语 在……上花费…… 后接名词或代词，如 spend two hours on homework 花两小时做作业；对应搭配 spend...(in) doing...
30 be tired of [bi ta d v] 短语 厌倦……；厌烦…… 后接名词、代词或动名词，如 be tired of doing the same thing 厌倦做同样的事
练习部分
Part 1 词形转换
1.relax v. → adj. ________（令人放松的）；________（感到放松的）
2.stress n. → adj. ________（充满压力的）
3.meditate v. → n. ________（冥想）
4.breath n. → v. ________（呼吸）
5.sleep v./n. → adj. ________（困倦的）；________（睡着的）
6.hobby n. → 复数 ________（爱好）
7.enjoy v. → n. ________（享受；乐趣）
8.calm adj./v. → adv. ________（平静地）
9.balance n./v. → adj. ________（平衡的）
10.healthy adj. → n. ________（健康）；反义词 ________（不健康的）
Part 2 用词汇的正确形式填空
1.After a long day's work, my mother likes to listen to ________ (relax) music to unwind.
2.Students should learn to deal with ________ (stress) from study and exams.
3.It's good for our mind and body to ________ (exercise) for 30 minutes every day.
4.When you feel nervous, you can take a deep ________ (breathe) and calm down.
5.My grandfather usually ________ (take) a walk in the park after breakfast.
6.We need to get enough ________ (sleep) to keep our bodies healthy.
7.She ________ (spend) most of her spare time reading storybooks last weekend.
8.Many people ________ (enjoy) doing yoga in the morning because it's good for relaxation.
9.Don't ________ (laugh) at others when they make mistakes.
10.You should stay ________ (calm) when you face difficult problems.
11.It's important to keep a ________ (balance) diet and regular exercise.
12.My little sister is ________ (tire) of eating vegetables; she only likes meat.
13.He often ________ (meditate) before going to bed to relax his mind.
14.Could you ________ (spare) me a few minutes I want to talk to you about my hobby.
15.Reading in ________ (nature) is a wonderful way to enjoy the weekend.
16.My favorite ________ (hobby) are painting and playing the piano.
17.She feels ________ (relax) when she stays with her family.
18.We should ________ (keep) healthy by eating well and exercising often.
19.The teacher always ________ (stress) the importance of listening carefully in class.
20.After finishing the exam, we all need to have a good ________ (rest).
Part 3 语法填空
Dear Amy,
I'm glad to receive your email. You told me that you feel stressed because of your study and don't know how to relax. Let me share my ways of relaxing with you.
First, I usually 1.________ (take) a walk in the park near my home after school. Walking in nature 2.________ (make) me feel calm. Second, I enjoy 3.________ (listen) to light music before going to bed. It helps me 4.________ (sleep) better. Third, I often do yoga on weekends. My mom teaches me to 5.________ (meditate) and keep a balance between my body and mind.
I also spend some of my spare time on my hobbies. I like 6.________ (draw) and I often draw pictures of nature. It's a great way to enjoy 7.________ (I). When I feel tired of studying, I will ask my friends to go for a walk with me. We laugh and talk, which makes me forget all my worries.
You can try these ways. Remember to keep a balance between study and rest. Don't put too much pressure on yourself. If you still feel stressed, you can talk to your parents or teachers. They will help you 8.________ (calm) down.
What's your favorite way to relax Do you have any hobbies to help you unwind Please write to me soon and tell me about it. I want 9.________ (know) more about you.
Yours,
Li Ming
【答案】
Part 1 词形转换
1.relaxing; relaxed
2.stressful
3.meditation
4.breathe
5.sleepy; asleep
6.hobbies
7.enjoyment
8.calmly
9.balanced
10.health; unhealthy
Part 2 用词汇的正确形式填空
1.relaxing （形容词作定语修饰 music，“令人放松的音乐”，修饰物用 - ing 形式形容词）
2.stress （名词作宾语，“应对学习和考试的压力”，stress 为不可数名词）
3.exercise （不定式符号 to 后接动词原形，“每天锻炼30分钟”）
4.breath （名词作宾语，take a deep breath 固定搭配，“深呼吸”）
5.takes （主语为第三人称单数，一般现在时动词加 - s，take a walk 固定搭配）6.sleep （名词作宾语，get enough sleep 固定搭配，“获得充足睡眠”）
7.spent （根据时间状语 last weekend 可知用一般过去时，spend 的过去式为 spent）
8.enjoy （主语为复数，一般现在时用动词原形，enjoy doing sth. 固定搭配）
9.laugh （祈使句否定形式后接动词原形，laugh at 固定搭配，“嘲笑”）
10.calm （stay 为系动词，后接形容词作表语，stay calm 固定搭配，“保持冷静”）
11.balanced （形容词作定语修饰 diet，balanced diet 固定搭配，“均衡饮食”）
12.tired （be tired of 固定搭配，“厌倦……”，修饰人用 - ed 形式形容词）
13.meditates （主语为第三人称单数，一般现在时动词加 - s，meditate on 固定搭配）
14.spare （情态动词 could 后接动词原形，“你能抽出几分钟时间吗”）
15.nature （介词 in 后接名词，in nature 固定搭配，“在大自然中”）
16.hobbies （根据谓语动词 are 可知主语为复数，hobby 的复数为 hobbies）
17.relaxed （feel 为系动词，后接形容词作表语，修饰人用 - ed 形式形容词，“感到放松的”）
18.keep （情态动词 should 后接动词原形，keep healthy 固定搭配，“保持健康”）19.stresses （主语为第三人称单数，一般现在时动词加 - es，stress the importance of 固定搭配，“强调……的重要性”）
20.rest （名词作宾语，have a good rest 固定搭配，“好好休息”）
Part 3 语法填空
1.take （主语为第一人称，一般现在时用动词原形，take a walk 固定搭配）
2.makes （主语为动名词短语 Walking in nature，视为第三人称单数，一般现在时动词加 - s）
3.listening （enjoy doing sth. 固定搭配，“喜爱做某事”，介词后接动名词）
4.sleep （help sb. (to) do sth. 固定搭配，“帮助某人做某事”，to 可省略）
5.meditate （teach sb. to do sth. 固定搭配，“教某人做某事”，不定式符号 to 后接动词原形）
6.drawing （like doing sth. 固定搭配，“喜欢做某事”，表示习惯性爱好）
7.myself （反身代词作宾语，enjoy oneself 固定搭配，“玩得开心”，主语为 I，对应反身代词 myself）
8.calm （help sb. (to) do sth. 固定搭配，calm down 固定短语，“冷静下来”）
9.to know （want to do sth. 固定搭配，“想要做某事”，不定式作宾语）