人教版（2024）八年级下册 Unit 2 Stay Healthy 寒假预习讲义

人教版八年级下册 Unit 2 Stay Healthy 寒假预习讲义
Unit 2 核心词汇表
序号 单词 / 短语 音标 词性 中文释义 拓展延伸
1 healthy [ helθi] adj. 健康的 keep healthy 保持健康；healthy diet 健康饮食；health n. 健康；unhealthy adj. 不健康的（反义词）
2 diet [ da t] n./v. 饮食；节食 balanced diet 均衡饮食；go on a diet 节食；dietary adj. 饮食的
3 exercise [ eks sa z] n./v. 锻炼；运动；练习 do exercise 做运动；take exercise 锻炼身体；exercise regularly 定期锻炼；eye exercises 眼保健操
4 sleep [sli p] n./v. 睡眠；睡觉 get enough sleep 充足睡眠；go to sleep 入睡；sleepy adj. 困倦的；asleep adj. 睡着的（表状态，不用于定语）
5 nutrition [nju tr n] n. 营养 nutritional adj. 营养的；get nutrition 获取营养；nutritious adj. 有营养的
6 vegetable [ ved t bl] n. 蔬菜 复数：vegetables；fresh vegetables 新鲜蔬菜；vegetable salad 蔬菜沙拉
7 fruit [fru t] n. 水果 泛指水果时为不可数名词；指具体种类时为可数名词（复数：fruits）；fruit juice 果汁
8 grain [ɡre n] n. 谷物；粮食 grain products 谷物制品；whole grain 全谷物；a grain of rice 一粒米
9 protein [ pr ti n] n. 蛋白质 animal protein 动物蛋白；plant protein 植物蛋白；high-protein adj. 高蛋白的
10 ill [ l] adj. 生病的；不舒服的 be ill in bed 卧病在床；illness n. 疾病；注意：ill 作“生病的”时不用于名词前作定语，可改用 sick
11 sick [s k] adj. 生病的；恶心的 feel sick 感到恶心/不舒服；a sick child 生病的孩子（可作定语）；sickness n. 疾病；恶心
12 doctor [ d kt (r)] n. 医生 see a doctor 看医生；a family doctor 家庭医生；doctor's office 诊所
13 medicine [ medsn] n. 药；药物 take medicine 吃药；traditional Chinese medicine 中药；medical adj. 医学的；医疗的
14 rest [rest] n./v. 休息；放松 have a rest 休息一下；rest for a while 休息一会儿；restful adj. 宁静的；令人放松的
15 prevent [pr vent] v. 预防；防止 prevent sb. from doing sth. 防止某人做某事；prevention n. 预防；prevent illness 预防疾病
16 hygiene [ ha d i n] n. 卫生 personal hygiene 个人卫生；public hygiene 公共卫生；hygienic adj. 卫生的
17 brush [br ] v./n. 刷；刷子 brush teeth 刷牙；brush hair 梳头；过去式 / 过去分词：brushed；a toothbrush 牙刷
18 wash [w ] v./n. 洗；洗涤 wash hands 洗手；wash clothes 洗衣服；take a wash 洗漱；过去式 / 过去分词：washed
19 drink [dr k] v./n. 喝；饮；饮料 drink water 喝水；soft drink 软饮料；过去式 / 过去分词：drank/drunk
20 energy [ en d i] n. 能量；精力 have energy 有精力；save energy 节约能量；energetic adj. 精力充沛的
21 stay healthy [ste helθi] 短语 保持健康 同义短语：keep healthy / keep fit；stay + adj. 表示“保持某种状态”
22 balanced diet [ b l nst da t] 短语 均衡饮食 balanced 为形容词“平衡的”，修饰 diet；a balanced diet is important for health 均衡饮食对健康很重要
23 take exercise [te k eks sa z] 短语 锻炼身体 同义短语：do exercise；take regular exercise 定期锻炼身体
24 see a doctor [si d kt (r)] 短语 看医生 同义表达：go to see a doctor / visit a doctor；when you are ill, you should see a doctor 生病时你应该看医生
25 take medicine [te k medsn] 短语 吃药 注意：“吃药”不能说 eat medicine；take the medicine on time 按时吃药
26 have a rest [h v rest] 短语 休息一下 同义短语：have a break；you need to have a rest after hard work 辛苦工作后你需要休息一下
27 prevent...from doing [pr vent ... fr m du ] 短语 防止……做…… from 后接动名词，可省略；prevent children from playing with fire 防止孩子们玩火
28 brush teeth [br ti θ] 短语 刷牙 tooth 的复数为 teeth；brush teeth twice a day 每天刷两次牙
29 wash hands [w h ndz] 短语 洗手 wash hands before meals 饭前洗手；hand washing 名词短语“洗手”
30 get enough sleep [ɡet n f sli p] 短语 获得充足睡眠 enough 修饰名词时放名词前；teenagers need to get enough sleep 青少年需要获得充足睡眠
练习部分
Part 1 词形转换
healthy adj. → n. ________（健康）；反义词 ________（不健康的）
diet n. → adj. ________（平衡的饮食相关）
nutrition n. → adj. ________（有营养的）
ill adj. → n. ________（疾病）
sick adj. → n. ________（疾病；恶心）
medicine n. → adj. ________（医学的；医疗的）
prevent v. → n. ________（预防）
hygiene n. → adj. ________（卫生的）
energy n. → adj. ________（精力充沛的）
brush v. → 过去式 / 过去分词 ________；n. ________（牙刷）
Part 2 用词汇的正确形式填空
It's important for us to keep a ________ (balance) diet to stay healthy.
We should ________ (exercise) for at least 30 minutes every day to keep fit.
My little brother didn't sleep well last night, so he feels ________ (sleep) now.
Eating more fresh ________ (vegetable) and fruit can give us enough nutrition.
Tom didn't go to school because he was ________ (ill) in bed.
You'd better go to ________ (see) a doctor when you have a fever.
The doctor told me to take the ________ (medicine) three times a day.
After running for an hour, I need to have a ________ (rest) to relax myself.
We must wash our ________ (hand) before eating to keep hygiene.
Drinking enough water every day can ________ (prevent) us from getting thirsty.
My mother always ________ (brush) her teeth twice a day to protect her teeth.
This kind of food is ________ (nutrition) and delicious. Many children like it.
He didn't have breakfast this morning, so he has no ________ (energy) to study now.
Keeping good personal ________ (hygiene) is a good way to prevent illness.
She ________ (wash) her face and hands before going to bed every night.
Eating too much junk food is ________ (healthy) for our bodies.
The ________ (doctor) in this hospital are very kind and professional.
We should ________ (drink) more water instead of soft drinks.
When you feel ________ (sick), you should lie down and have a rest.
Regular exercise and enough sleep help us stay ________ (health).
Part 3 语法填空
Dear Jack, I'm sorry to hear that you are ill these days. You asked me how to stay healthy, so let me share some advice with you. First, we need to have a balanced diet. We should eat more fresh vegetables and fruit because they are 1.________ (nutrition) and can give us energy. We shouldn't eat too much junk food because it's 2.________ (healthy) for our bodies. Second, we must 3.________ (take) exercise regularly. I usually exercise for 40 minutes every afternoon, such as running and swimming. Exercise helps us keep fit and strong. Third, we need to 4.________ (get) enough sleep. We should go to bed early and get up early. Teenagers need at least 8 hours' sleep a day. Fourth, we should pay attention to personal hygiene. We must 5.________ (wash) our hands before meals and brush our 6.________ (tooth) twice a day. It can prevent us from getting ill. If you are ill, you should see a doctor in time and take the medicine as the doctor tells you. Don't forget 7.________ (have) a rest when you feel tired. I hope these advice can help you. Wish you get well soon. What do you usually do 8.________ (stay) healthy Please write to me soon and tell me about it. I want 9.________ (know) your ways of keeping healthy. Yours, Zhang Wei
【答案】
Part 1 词形转换
health; unhealthy
balanced
nutritious
illness
sickness
medical
prevention
hygienic
energetic
brushed; toothbrush
Part 2 用词汇的正确形式填空
balanced （形容词作定语修饰 diet，balanced diet 固定搭配“均衡饮食”）
exercise （情态动词 should 后接动词原形，“每天至少锻炼30分钟”）
sleepy （形容词作表语，feel sleepy 固定搭配“感到困倦的”）
vegetables （可数名词复数形式，more 后接可数名词复数，“更多新鲜蔬菜”）
ill （形容词作表语，be ill in bed 固定搭配“卧病在床”）
see （go to do sth. 固定搭配，“去看医生”，see a doctor 为固定短语）
medicine （名词作宾语，take the medicine 固定搭配“吃药”）
rest （名词作宾语，have a rest 固定搭配“休息一下”）
hands （可数名词复数形式，our 后接复数，wash hands 固定搭配“洗手”）
prevent （情态动词 can 后接动词原形，prevent sb. from doing sth. 固定搭配“防止某人做某事”）
brushes （主语为第三人称单数，一般现在时动词加 - es，brush teeth 固定搭配“刷牙”）
nutritious （形容词作表语，“有营养的”，对应名词 nutrition）
energy （名词作宾语，“没有精力学习”，energy 为不可数名词）
hygiene （名词作宾语，personal hygiene 固定搭配“个人卫生”）
washes （主语为第三人称单数，一般现在时动词加 - es，wash face 固定搭配“洗脸”）
unhealthy （形容词作表语，根据句意“吃太多垃圾食品对身体不健康”，填 healthy 的反义词）
doctors （根据谓语动词 are 可知主语为复数，doctor 的复数为 doctors）
drink （情态动词 should 后接动词原形，“多喝开水”）
sick （形容词作表语，feel sick 固定搭配“感到不舒服/恶心”）
healthy （形容词作表语，stay healthy 固定搭配“保持健康”，stay + adj. 表示“保持某种状态”）
Part 3 语法填空
nutritious （形容词作表语，“有营养的”，对应名词 nutrition，符合“蔬菜和水果能提供营养”的句意）
unhealthy （形容词作表语，根据句意“垃圾食品对身体不健康”，填 healthy 的反义词）
take （情态动词 must 后接动词原形，take exercise 固定搭配“锻炼身体”）
get （need to do sth. 固定搭配，“需要获得充足睡眠”，get enough sleep 为固定短语）
wash （情态动词 must 后接动词原形，wash hands 固定搭配“洗手”）
teeth （tooth 的复数形式，brush teeth 固定搭配“刷牙”，刷牙需用复数形式）
to have （forget to do sth. 固定搭配“忘记做某事”，此处指“不要忘记休息”）
to stay （动词不定式作目的状语，“你通常做什么来保持健康”，表目的用 to do）
to know （want to do sth. 固定搭配“想要做某事”，“我想知道你保持健康的方法”）