人教版（2024）八年级下册 Unit 3 Growing Up 寒假预习讲义

人教版八年级下册 Unit 3 Growing Up 寒假预习讲义
Unit 3 核心词汇表
序号 单词 / 短语 音标 词性 中文释义 拓展延伸
1 grow [ɡr ] v. 生长；成长；种植 grow up 长大；成长；grow plants 种植植物；grow into 长成；过去式 / 过去分词：grew/grown
2 grow up [ɡr p] 短语 长大；成长 同义短语：mature；when I grow up 当我长大后；grow up to be 成长为……
3 child [t a ld] n. 孩子；儿童 复数：children；childhood n. 童年；a little child 小孩；childish adj. 孩子气的
4 teenager [ ti ne d (r)] n. 青少年（13-19岁） teenage adj. 青少年的；teenager life 青少年生活；teenagers' problems 青少年问题
5 young [j ] adj./n. 年轻的；年轻人 young people 年轻人；the young 年轻人（复数概念）；younger adj. 更年轻的（比较级）；youngest 最年轻的（最高级）；youth n. 青春；青年
6 age [e d ] n./v. 年龄；变老 at the age of 在……岁时；what's your age 你多大了？age quickly 快速变老；aged adj. ……岁的
7 born [b n] adj./v.（bear的过去分词） 出生的；出生 be born in 出生于（地点/年份）；be born on 出生于（具体日期）；bear v. 生育；承受（原形）
8 life [la f] n. 生活；生命 复数：lives；daily life 日常生活；save one's life 拯救某人的生命；life experience 生活经历
9 live [l v]（v.）/[l v]（adj.） v./adj. 居住；生活；活的 live in 居住在；live a happy life 过幸福的生活；live animals 活的动物；lively adj. 活泼的
10 experience [ k sp ri ns]（v.）/[ k sp ri ns]（n.） v./n. 经历；体验；经验 have experience in 有……经验；experience life 体验生活；experienced adj. 有经验的
11 memory [ mem ri] n. 记忆；回忆 复数：memories；childhood memories 童年回忆；in memory of 纪念；memorize v. 记忆；记住
12 happy [ h pi] adj. 快乐的；幸福的 be happy to do sth. 高兴做某事；happiness n. 幸福；happily adv. 快乐地；unhappy adj. 不快乐的（反义词）
13 sad [s d] adj. 难过的；悲伤的 feel sad 感到难过；sadness n. 悲伤；sadly adv. 悲伤地；sadness n. 悲伤
14 love [l v] v./n. 爱；热爱 love doing/to do sth. 喜欢做某事；love sb. deeply 深爱某人；lovely adj. 可爱的；lovable adj. 讨人喜欢的
15 care [ke (r)] v./n. 关心；照顾；小心 care for 照顾；关心；take care 小心；take care of 照顾；careful adj. 小心的；carefully adv. 小心地
16 help [help] v./n. 帮助；帮忙 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事；ask for help 求助；helpful adj. 有帮助的；helpless adj. 无助的
17 support [s p t] v./n. 支持；支撑 support sb. in sth. 在某事上支持某人；get support from 从……获得支持；supportive adj. 支持的
18 dream [dri m] n./v. 梦想；做梦 dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事；have a dream 有一个梦想；dream come true 梦想成真；过去式 / 过去分词：dreamed/dreamt
19 achieve [ t i v] v. 实现；达到 achieve a goal 实现目标；achieve success 获得成功；achievement n. 成就；成绩
20 success [s k ses] n. 成功 be a success 成功的人/事；achieve success 获得成功；successful adj. 成功的；successfully adv. 成功地
21 fail [fe l] v. 失败；未能（做某事） fail to do sth. 未能做某事；fail an exam 考试不及格；failure n. 失败
22 learn [l n] v. 学习；学会；了解 learn from 向……学习；learn to do sth. 学会做某事；learn about 了解；过去式 / 过去分词：learned/learnt
23 lesson [ lesn] n. 课；教训 have a lesson 上课；learn a lesson from 从……吸取教训；after-school lessons 课外课
24 overcome [ v k m] v. 克服；战胜 overcome difficulties 克服困难；overcome fear 战胜恐惧；过去式 / 过去分词：overcame/overcome
25 difficulty [ d f k lti] n. 困难；难题 复数：difficulties；have difficulty in doing sth. 做某事有困难；solve difficulties 解决困难；difficult adj. 困难的
26 problem [ pr bl m] n. 问题；难题 solve a problem 解决问题；have a problem with 某方面有问题；problem-solving adj. 解决问题的
27 at the age of [ t i e d v] 短语 在……岁时 同义表达：when sb. was/were ... years old；at the age of 10 = when he was 10 years old
28 be born in [bi b n n] 短语 出生于 后接地点或年份；接具体日期用 be born on；be born in Beijing 出生于北京；be born in 2010 出生于2010年
29 care for [ke f ] 短语 照顾；关心 同义短语：take care of / look after；care for the old 照顾老人；care for sb.'s health 关心某人的健康
30 dream of [dri m v] 短语 梦想；渴望 接动名词；dream of becoming a doctor 梦想成为一名医生；dream of traveling around the world 梦想环游世界
练习部分
Part 1 词形转换
grow v. → n. ________（成长）；过去式 / 过去分词 ________
child n. → 复数 ________；n. ________（童年）
young adj. → n. ________（青春；青年）
happy adj. → n. ________（幸福）；adv. ________（快乐地）
sad adj. → n. ________（悲伤）；adv. ________（悲伤地）
care v. → adj. ________（小心的）；adv. ________（小心地）
help v. → adj. ________（有帮助的）；反义词 ________（无助的）
dream v. → 过去式 / 过去分词 ________；n. ________（梦想家）
achieve v. → n. ________（成就）
success n. → adj. ________（成功的）；adv. ________（成功地）
Part 2 用词汇的正确形式填空
My little sister wants to be a doctor when she ________ (grow) up.
There are three ________ (child) playing in the park. They look very happy.
He was ________ (born) in Shanghai in 2010. He has lived there for 16 years.
We should ________ (care) for the old and help them with their daily life.
She felt ________ (sad) when she heard the bad news.
My parents always ________ (support) me in my study and hobbies.
He has a ________ (dream) of becoming a pilot. He is working hard for it.
It's not easy to ________ (overcome) so many difficulties in a short time.
She ________ (learn) to play the piano when she was at the age of 5.
The ________ (experience) teacher can always help us solve problems easily.
We should learn a ________ (lesson) from this mistake and never make it again.
He is ________ (happy) to help others. Everyone in his class likes him.
The old man has a lot of interesting ________ (memory) about his childhood.
She ________ (fail) to pass the exam because she didn't study hard.
Do you have any ________ (difficulty) in learning English grammar
The ________ (success) scientist gave us a wonderful speech yesterday.
We need to ________ (live) a healthy life to keep our bodies strong.
Teenagers should ________ (help) their parents do some housework at home.
She ________ (dream) of traveling around the world when she was young.
He ________ (achieve) his goal of winning the competition last month.
Part 3 语法填空
Dear Linda, I'm glad to receive your email. You asked me about my growing-up story, so I'd like to share it with you. I was 1.________ (born) in a small town in 2010. At the age of 6, I started to go to primary school. At that time, I was very shy and was afraid to speak in front of others. My first teacher, Miss Wang, was very kind. She 2.________ (care) for me a lot and often encouraged me to speak. With her help, I became more confident. When I was 12, I moved to the city with my family. I felt nervous at first because I had no friends there. But my classmates were friendly to me. They helped me 3.________ (learn) about the new school and made friends with me. I also joined the music club and learned to play the guitar. It was a wonderful 4.________ (experience) for me. Now I'm a teenager. I have many dreams. I dream of 5.________ (become) a writer in the future. To achieve this dream, I read a lot of books every day and practice 6.________ (write) articles. My parents always support me and tell me not to be afraid of 7.________ (fail). Growing up is not always easy, but it's full of happiness. What about your growing-up story What do you dream of 8.________ (do) when you grow up Please write to me soon and tell me about it. I want 9.________ (know) more about you. Yours, Li Ming
【答案】
Part 1 词形转换
growth; grew/grown
children; childhood
youth
happiness; happily
sadness; sadly
careful; carefully
helpful; helpless
dreamed/dreamt; dreamer
achievement
successful; successfully
Part 2 用词汇的正确形式填空答
grows （when 引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来；主语为第三人称单数，动词加 - s）
children （child 的复数形式为不规则变化 children，three 后接复数名词）
born （be born 固定搭配“出生”，born 为 bear 的过去分词）
care （情态动词 should 后接动词原形，care for 固定搭配“照顾；关心”）
sad （形容词作表语，feel sad 固定搭配“感到难过的”）
support （主语为复数，一般现在时动词用原形，support sb. in sth. 固定搭配“在某事上支持某人”）
dream （名词作宾语，have a dream 固定搭配“有一个梦想”）
overcome （it's + 形容词 + to do sth. 固定句型，to 后接动词原形，overcome difficulties 固定搭配“克服困难”）
learned/learnt （根据时间状语 when she was at the age of 5 可知用一般过去时，learn 的过去式为 learned 或 learnt）
experienced （形容词作定语修饰 teacher，experienced 意为“有经验的”，对应名词 experience）
lesson （名词作宾语，learn a lesson from 固定搭配“从……吸取教训”）
happy （形容词作表语，be happy to do sth. 固定搭配“高兴做某事”）
memories （memory 为可数名词，a lot of 后接复数形式 memories，“许多回忆”）
failed （根据句意“因为没努力学习，她考试没通过”，用一般过去时，fail 的过去式为 failed）
difficulties （difficulty 为可数名词，any 后接复数形式 difficulties，“任何困难”）
successful （形容词作定语修饰 scientist，successful 意为“成功的”，对应名词 success）
live （need to do sth. 固定搭配，live a healthy life 固定短语“过健康的生活”）
help （情态动词 should 后接动词原形，help sb. do sth. 固定搭配“帮助某人做某事”）
dreamed/dreamt （根据时间状语 when she was young 可知用一般过去时，dream 的过去式为 dreamed 或 dreamt）
achieved （根据时间状语 last month 可知用一般过去时，achieve 的过去式为 achieved）
Part 3 语法填空
born （be born 固定搭配“出生”，为固定用法，born 不可改为原形 bear）
cared （根据上下文可知讲述的是过去的经历，用一般过去时，care 的过去式为 cared）
learn/to learn （help sb. (to) do sth. 固定搭配，“帮助某人做某事”，to 可省略）
experience （名词作表语，experience 此处意为“经历”，为可数名词，a 后接单数形式）
becoming （dream of 固定搭配，of 为介词，后接动名词形式 becoming）
writing （practice doing sth. 固定搭配，“练习做某事”，write 的动名词形式为 writing）
failing （be afraid of 固定搭配，of 为介词，后接动名词形式 failing，“害怕失败”）
doing （dream of 固定搭配，of 为介词，后接动名词形式 doing）
to know （want to do sth. 固定搭配，“想要做某事”，此处指“我想更多地了解你”）