人教版八年级下册 Unit 5 Nature's Temper 寒假预习讲义（含答案）

人教版八年级下册 Unit 5 Nature's Temper 寒假预习讲义
Unit 5 核心词汇表
序号 单词 / 短语 音标 词性 中文释义 拓展延伸
1 rain [re n] n./v. 雨；下雨 heavy rain 大雨；light rain 小雨；rainy adj. 下雨的；raincoat n. 雨衣；rainfall n. 降雨量
2 wind [w nd] n./v. 风；刮风 strong wind 大风；light wind 微风；windy adj. 有风的；windy day 大风天；blow wind 刮风
3 sun [s n] n. 太阳；阳光 in the sun 在阳光下；sunny adj. 晴朗的；sunshine n. 阳光（不可数）；sunburn v. 晒伤
4 cloud [kla d] n. 云 black cloud 乌云；cloudy adj. 多云的；cloudy day 多云天；cloudless adj. 无云的
5 fog [f ɡ] n. 雾 thick fog 浓雾；foggy adj. 有雾的；foggy morning 有雾的早晨；fog lamp 雾灯
6 snow [sn ] n./v. 雪；下雪 heavy snow 大雪；snowy adj. 下雪的；snowman n. 雪人（复数：snowmen）；snowball n. 雪球
7 storm [st m] n./v. 暴风雨；突袭 rainstorm n. 暴雨；thunderstorm n. 雷暴；stormy adj. 暴风雨的；in the storm 在暴风雨中
8 thunder [ θ nd (r)] n./v. 雷；打雷 thunder and lightning 雷电；thunderous adj. 雷鸣般的；hear thunder 听到雷声
9 lightning [ la tn ] n. 闪电 a flash of lightning 一道闪电；avoid lightning 躲避闪电；lightning rod 避雷针
10 rainy [ re ni] adj. 下雨的；多雨的 rainy season 雨季；on a rainy day 在下雨天；反义：sunny 晴朗的
11 windy [ w ndi] adj. 有风的；多风的 windy city 风城；on a windy morning 在一个大风的早晨；反义：calm 平静的
12 sunny [ s ni] adj. 晴朗的；阳光充足的 sunny day 晴天；sunny weather 晴朗的天气；反义：cloudy 多云的/rainy 下雨的
13 cloudy [ kla di] adj. 多云的；阴天的 cloudy sky 多云的天空；反义：sunny 晴朗的；cloudily adv. 多云地
14 foggy [ f ɡi] adj. 有雾的；模糊的 foggy weather 有雾的天气；drive carefully on foggy days 雾天小心驾驶
15 snowy [ sn i] adj. 下雪的；多雪的 snowy mountain 雪山；on a snowy afternoon 在一个下雪的下午；snowily adv. 下雪地
16 warm [w m] adj./v. 温暖的；使温暖 warm weather 温暖的天气；warm up 热身；warmth n. 温暖；反义：cold 寒冷的
17 cool [ku l] adj./v. 凉爽的；使凉爽 cool wind 凉风；cool down 降温；反义：warm 温暖的；coolly adv. 凉爽地
18 hot [h t] adj. 热的；炎热的 hot summer 炎热的夏天；hot water 热水；反义：cold 寒冷的；hotly adv. 热烈地
19 cold [k ld] adj./n. 寒冷的；感冒 cold winter 寒冷的冬天；have a cold 感冒；cold air 冷空气；反义：hot 热的/warm 温暖的
20 dry [dra ] adj./v. 干燥的；使干燥 dry weather 干燥的天气；dry clothes 晾衣服；反义：wet 潮湿的；dryness n. 干燥
21 wet [wet] adj./v. 潮湿的；弄湿 wet clothes 湿衣服；get wet 淋湿；反义：dry 干燥的；wetly adv. 潮湿地
22 shine [ a n] v. 照耀；发光 shine brightly 明亮地照耀；sun shines 太阳照耀；过去式 / 过去分词：shone/shone；shiny adj. 闪亮的
23 blow [bl ] v. 吹；刮 blow wind 刮风；blow hard 刮大风；过去式 / 过去分词：blew/blown；blow away 吹走
24 pour [p (r)] v. 倾盆而下；倒 rain pours 大雨倾盆；pour water 倒水；pour down 倾泻；pouring rain 瓢泼大雨
25 take shelter [te k elt (r)] 短语 躲避；避难 take shelter from the rain 躲雨；take shelter in a building 在建筑物里避难
26 heavy rain [ hevi re n] 短语 大雨 同义：downpour；in the heavy rain 在大雨中；heavy rain causes floods 大雨引发洪水
27 strong wind [str w nd] 短语 大风 strong wind blows down trees 大风把树吹倒；in a strong wind 在大风中
28 be caught in the rain [bi k t n re n] 短语 被雨淋到 I was caught in the rain yesterday. 我昨天被雨淋了；catch sb. in the rain 让某人淋雨
29 in the sun [ n s n] 短语 在阳光下 Don't read in the sun. 不要在阳光下看书；sit in the sun 坐在阳光下
30 weather report [ we (r) r p t] 短语 天气预报 watch the weather report 看天气预报；listen to the weather report 听天气预报
练习部分
Part 1 词形转换
rain n./v. → adj. ________（下雨的）；n. ________（雨衣）
wind n./v. → adj. ________（有风的）；短语 ________（大风）
sun n. → adj. ________（晴朗的）；n. ________（阳光）
cloud n. → adj. ________（多云的）；adj. ________（无云的）
fog n. → adj. ________（有雾的）；短语 ________（浓雾）
snow n./v. → adj. ________（下雪的）；n. ________（雪人，复数）
storm n./v. → adj. ________（暴风雨的）；n. ________（暴雨）
warm adj./v. → n. ________（温暖）；反义 adj. ________（寒冷的）
shine v. → 过去式 / 过去分词 ________；adj. ________（闪亮的）
blow v. → 过去式 / 过去分词 ________；短语 ________（吹走）
Part 2 用词汇的正确形式填空
It's ________ (rain) heavily outside. Don't forget to take an umbrella.
Today is ________ (wind) and cold. You'd better wear a thick coat.
The sun ________ (shine) brightly in the sky. Let's go out for a walk.
There are many black ________ (cloud) in the sky. It's going to rain.
It was ________ (fog) this morning, so we arrived at school late.
It often ________ (snow) in winter in my hometown. We can make snowmen.
A strong ________ (wind) blew down two big trees in the park yesterday.
The weather is ________ (warm) today than yesterday. We can take off our sweaters.
When it's ________ (hot) in summer, we often go swimming to cool down.
The ground is ________ (wet) because of the heavy rain last night.
We had to ________ (take) shelter from the rain in a small shop on the way home.
My little brother was caught in the rain and had a ________ (cold).
The ________ (rain) season in our city starts in June and ends in August.
The wind ________ (blow) hard last night. Many leaves fell on the ground.
Look! It's ________ (pour) outside. We can't go to the park now.
My mother often watches the ________ (weather) report before going to bed.
It's not ________ (dry) in spring here. It often rains a lot.
The ________ (snow) mountain looks beautiful in the sun.
We felt the ________ (warm) of the sun when we sat on the grass.
There was a big ________ (storm) last night. The lights went out for two hours.
Part 3 语法填空
Dear Lucy, How are you I want to tell you about the weather in my city recently. These days, the weather is very changeable. On Monday, it was 1.________ (sun) and warm. We played basketball on the playground after school. But on Tuesday, it turned 2.________ (wind) and cold. A strong wind 3.________ (blow) all day. On Wednesday morning, it was 4.________ (fog) heavily. We couldn't see clearly on the way to school. In the afternoon, the fog went away and it became cool. Today is Thursday. It's 5.________ (rain) now. The rain 6.________ (pour) down, and we have to stay in the classroom during the break. My teacher told us that there will be a thunderstorm tonight. So we should stay at home and not go out. What's the weather like in your city Is it 7.________ (snow) or sunny Do you like 8.________ (rain) days I don't like rainy days because they make me feel sad. But I like 9.________ (sun) days. I can go hiking with my friends on sunny days. Please write to me soon and tell me about the weather in your city. I also want 10.________ (know) what you usually do in different weather. Yours, Li Ming
【答案】
Part 1 词形转换
rainy; raincoat
windy; strong wind
sunny; sunshine
cloudy; cloudless
foggy; thick fog
snowy; snowmen
stormy; rainstorm
warmth; cold
shone/shone; shiny
blew/blown; blow away
Part 2 用词汇的正确形式填空
raining （根据语境“外面雨下得很大”，用现在进行时，be 动词后接现在分词 raining）
windy （形容词作表语，描述天气“有风的”，对应名词 wind）
shines （主语 the sun 为第三人称单数，一般现在时动词加 - s，shine brightly 固定搭配“明亮地照耀”）
clouds （many 后接可数名词复数，cloud 的复数形式为 clouds，“乌云”）
foggy （形容词作表语，描述早晨的天气“有雾的”，对应名词 fog）
snows （根据 often 可知用一般现在时，主语 it 为第三人称单数，动词加 - s）
wind （名词作主语，strong wind 固定搭配“大风”）
warmer （根据 than 可知用比较级，warm 的比较级为 warmer，“今天比昨天暖和”）
hot （形容词作表语，描述夏天的天气“热的”）
wet （形容词作表语，“地面是潮湿的”，对应名词 wetness，反义为 dry）
take （have to 后接动词原形，take shelter from the rain 固定搭配“躲雨”）
cold （名词作宾语，have a cold 固定搭配“感冒”）
rainy （形容词作定语修饰 season，rainy season 固定搭配“雨季”）
blew （根据时间状语 last night 可知用一般过去时，blow 的过去式为 blew）
pouring （根据 Look! 可知用现在进行时，be 动词后接现在分词 pouring，pour down 固定搭配“倾盆而下”）
weather （名词作定语，weather report 固定搭配“天气预报”）
dry （形容词作表语，“这里的春天不干燥”，反义为 wet）
snowy （形容词作定语修饰 mountain，snowy mountain 固定搭配“雪山”）
warmth （名词作宾语，the warmth of the sun 固定搭配“阳光的温暖”）
storm （名词作主语，a big storm 固定搭配“一场大暴风雨”）
Part 3 语法填空
sunny （形容词作表语，描述周一的天气“晴朗的”，对应名词 sun）
windy （形容词作表语，描述周二的天气“有风的”，对应名词 wind，turn 后接形容词表状态变化）
blew （根据上下文可知描述的是周二的天气，用一般过去时，blow 的过去式为 blew）
foggy （形容词作表语，描述周三早晨的天气“有雾的”，对应名词 fog）
raining （根据 now 可知用现在进行时，be 动词后接现在分词 raining，“正在下雨”）
is pouring （根据上下文“现在雨倾盆而下”，用现在进行时，主语 the rain 为单数，be 动词用 is，pour 的现在分词为 pouring）
snowy （形容词作表语，与 sunny 并列，描述天气“下雪的”，对应名词 snow）
rainy （形容词作定语修饰 days，rainy days 固定搭配“下雨天”）
sunny （形容词作定语修饰 days，sunny days 固定搭配“晴天”）
to know （want to do sth. 固定搭配“想要做某事”，此处指“我也想知道你在不同天气通常做什么”）