浙江省杭州市西湖区学军西溪,学军紫金港,学军海创园2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考英语试卷
一、A
（2025高二上·杭州期末）What is a GPA A GPA, or Grade Point Average, typically ranging from one to four, is a number reflecting your course performance on average. It's used by universities to determine whether students meet academic standards and by students to enhance job prospects or secure admission into post-graduate programs.
How to calculate a GPA
● Determine the letter grade and the number of credit hours for each course you take in a term;
● Translate the letter grade to grade points using your school's grading system;
● Multiply the grade points by the credit hours for that course;
● Add up all the credit hours for the courses;
● Divide the total number of grade points by the total credit hours and you get the GPA.
Example: Academic Transcript of Jane Smith Winter 2023
Courses Letter Grade Grade points Credit hours Total points GPA
Creative Writing A+ 4.0 3 12 -
Psychology A- 3.7 3 11.1 -
History B+ 3.3 3 9.9 -
Computer Science F 0.0 2 0 -
Total - - 11 33
What are the consequences of failing college courses
● Every failing grade (F) significantly impacts your GPA for that academic year, limiting clubs, organizations and program choices, as competitive programs require top GPAs.
● Most financial aid programs require a specific GPA. A sharp drop in GPA due to several course failures may lead to withdrawal from financial aid programs, unless you retake the courses and pass.
● For college athletes on sports scholarships, failing courses repeatedly can lead to losing scholarships and team sports.
● Failing multiple courses can result in school removal and affect future applications.
1．Where is this text probably taken from
A．An academic course guide. B．A campus job fair poster.
C．A graduate application form. D．An athletic team schedule.
2．What is Jane Smith's GPA this term
A．3.3. B．3.0. C．2.8. D．1.0.
3．What would be a result if you get one F in college
A．School removal. B．Loss of financial aid.
C．Choice limitation. D．Disqualification in sports.
【答案】1．A
2．B
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；学习教育类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了平均学分绩点（GPA）的概念、计算方式和大学课程不及格的后果。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。
1．推理判断题。根据文章中的"What is a GPA (什么是平均学分绩点？)""How to calculate a GPA (如何计算平均学分绩点？)""What are the consequences of failing college courses (大学课程不及格的后果是什么？)"以及全文内容可知，这篇文章介绍了大学用来确定学生是否达到学术标准的评价准则——GPA，并介绍了GPA的计算方法及课程不及格的后果，应该选自学术课程指南。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据"How to calculate a GPA "下面的"Divide the total number of grade points by the total credit hours and you get the GPA.(把总分除以总学时，你就得到了平均绩点。)"并结合表格内容可知，Jane Smith的所有课程中，总分是33，总学时是11，33÷11=3，所以她的GPA是3。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据"What are the consequences of failing college courses "下面的"Every failing grade (F) significantly impacts your GPA for that academic year, limiting clubs, organizations and program choices, as competitive programs require top GPAs.(每一个不及格的分数（F）都会显著影响你在该学年的GPA，限制俱乐部、组织和项目选择，因为竞争性项目需要顶尖的GPA。)"可知，如果你在大学得了一个F的打分，你的选择将会受限制。故选C。
二、B
（2025高二上·杭州期末）With a full career in both politics and business, Hiram Fong never set out to develop one of Oahu's most impressive horticulture (园艺) attractions. Fong, whose political career lasted over thirty years, was one of the first two senators (参议员) from Hawaii when it became a state in 1959 and the first Asian American to serve in the US Senate. Before working in politics, Fong paid his own way through Harvard Law School and, upon graduating helped found and run a law firm. Fong eventually led several companies, all the while, gardening was his escape.
In 1950, Fong purchased more than 700 acres of land on Oahu, above Kaneohe Bay. Wanting to experiment with growing fruit, he planted banana, then papaya, lemon, jackfruit, and avocado. By also choosing to plant crops such as bamboo, coconut, betel nut, and turmeric, he broadened the types of plants in his garden and developed a landscape reminding people of Hawaii hundreds of years ago.
After he retired from politics in 1977, Fong continued to be in charge of his companies, but he focused on gardening, personally importing and planting countless species of plants. Eventually, he divided his land into five gardens, each one named after a US president who had served while Fong was a senator. The Eisenhower Plateau is dedicated to native Chinese plants, such as the Hong Kong orchid tree and the Java plum. The Johnson Plateau features foreign fruits. Kennedy Valley supports ginger and palms from all over the world. Nixon Valley abounds with flowers while the Ford Plateau highlights hillsides of pili grasses.
The preserve is now named Senator Fong's Plantation and Gardens, complete with a visitors' center and guided tours. Until his death in 2004 at ninety-seven. Fong spent every weekend tending to his flowers and trees and associating with visitors. He considered gardening a contributing reason for his long and healthy life.
4．What made Fong start gardening
A．His life experiences in Hawaii. B．His big ambition for business.
C．His political career as a senator. D．His temporary release from reality.
5．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．Fong's further devotion to gardening
B．Fong's management of companies.
C．Fong's research on plant species.
D．Fong's naming of his gardens.
6．What can be learnt about Fong from the last paragraph
A．He lived quite a busy but regular life in his old age.
B．He credited gardening for his long and healthy life.
C．He kept taking care of flowers as his daily routine.
D．He spent his later years establishing a visitors' centre.
7．What does the author want to convey through this passage
A．It is care and diligence that bring luck.
B．It takes three generations to make a gentleman.
C．Nothing great is ever achieved without enthusiasm.
D．Patience is a flower that grows not in everyone's garden.
【答案】4．D
5．A
6．B
7．C
【知识点】细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；旅游观光类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海勒姆·方如何打造了瓦胡岛最令人印象深刻的园艺景点之一。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，段落大意题和主旨大意题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做段落大意题时，注意确定主题句，主题句是段落中表达主要观点或思想的句子，通常位于段落的开头或结尾，偶尔也会出现在段落中间。由于主题句往往出现在段落的首尾，因此仔细阅读段落的首尾句是快速把握段落大意的有效方法。段落中的转折词和总结性语言常用来引入新的观点或总结段落内容，对理解段落大意至关重要。在理解段落信息的基础上，用简洁的语言概括段落的主要内容。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段"Before working in politics, Fong paid his own way through Harvard Law School and, upon graduating helped found and run a law firm. Fong eventually led several companies, all the while, gardening was his escape.(在从政之前，方自费通过哈佛法学院学习，毕业后帮助创办并经营了一家律师事务所。方最终领导了几家公司，一直以来，园艺是他逃避现实的方式)"可知，为了暂时脱离现实，方开始从事园艺。故选D。
5．段落大意题。根据第三段"After he retired from politics in 1977, Fong continued to be in charge of his companies, but he focused on gardening, personally importing and planting countless species of plants. Eventually, he divided his land into five gardens, each one named after a US president who had served while Fong was a senator. The Eisenhower Plateau is dedicated to native Chinese plants, such as the Hong Kong orchid tree and the Java plum. The Johnson Plateau features foreign fruits. Kennedy Valley supports ginger and palms from all over the world. Nixon Valley abounds with flowers while the Ford Plateau highlights hillsides of pili grasses.(1977年退出政坛后，方先生继续掌管自己的公司，但他专注于园艺，亲自进口和种植了无数种植物。最终，他把他的土地分成了五个花园，每个花园都以一位美国总统的名字命名，而他是参议员。艾森豪威尔高原是中国本土植物的栖息地，比如香港的兰树和爪哇的梅树。约翰逊高原以外国水果为特色。肯尼迪谷出产来自世界各地的姜和棕榈。尼克松谷到处都是鲜花，而福特高原则突出了山腰上的毛缕草)"可知，第三段主要讲述了方对园艺的进一步投入和方对公司的管理。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段"Until his death in 2004 at ninety-seven. Fong spent every weekend tending to his flowers and trees and associating with visitors. He considered gardening a contributing reason for his long and healthy life.(直到2004年去世，享年97岁。每个周末，方都在照料他的花草树木，并与客人交往。他认为园艺是他健康长寿的一个重要原因)"可知，方认为园艺是他健康长寿的一个重要原因。故选B。
7．主旨大意题。根据第二段"In 1950, Fong purchased more than 700 acres of land on Oahu, above Kaneohe Bay. Wanting to experiment with growing fruit, he planted banana, then papaya, lemon, jackfruit, and avocado. By also choosing to plant crops such as bamboo, coconut, betel nut, and turmeric, he broadened the types of plants in his garden and developed a landscape reminding people of Hawaii hundreds of years ago.(1950年，方在瓦胡岛卡内奥赫湾上方购买了700多英亩的土地。为了尝试种植水果，他先种了香蕉，然后是木瓜、柠檬、菠萝蜜和鳄梨。他还选择种植竹子、椰子、槟榔、姜黄等作物，拓宽了花园中植物的种类，创造了一个让人想起数百年前夏威夷的景观)"以及第三段"After he retired from politics in 1977, Fong continued to be in charge of his companies, but he focused on gardening, personally importing and planting countless species of plants.(1977年退出政坛后，方先生继续掌管自己的公司，但他专注于园艺，亲自进口和种植了无数种植物)"和最后一段的"Until his death in 2004 at ninety-seven. Fong spent every weekend tending to his flowers and trees and associating with visitors.(直到2004年去世，享年97岁。每个周末，方都在照料他的花草树木，并与客人交往)"可知，作者通过讲述海勒姆·方打造自己花园的经过，无论什么时候，不管是从政还是经商的时候，方先生都会抽出时间来经营自己的花园。由此推知，作者想要表述没有热情成就不了任何伟大的事业。故选C。
三、C
（2025高二上·杭州期末）The negative nature of peer pressure (同伴压力) is often presented without question. The undesirable effect of peer pressure cannot be denied, but is it also possible that peer pressure might not entirely deserve its bad reputation Could peer pressure also have positive effects on the personal development and behavior of young people A look at the scientific literature reveals exactly that peer pressure is not always a force for the dark side.
Many studies suggest that peer pressure and the desire to conform (顺从) are simply a part of being human. Humans, after all, are highly social beings. If humans are hard-wired to respond to peer pressure, then it makes sense to examine how it can be used to change behavior in a positive way. Imagine a situation: student X has always enjoyed playing the guitar but is lazy and unmotivated. Although initially unwilling, she is persuaded to join a school band. The group of students is preparing for a performance and the existing members are enthusiastic, focused and hardworking. Gradually, student X is caught up in the spirit of the band and before long she is willingly making the same commitment of time and effort so they can achieve a common goal.
So how does it work Peer pressure - both positive and negative - follows a recognizable psychological process. If student X does not inform to the established culture of the band, she risks rejection. To dispel tension, student X changes her habits and increases the amount of time and energy she devotes to practice. Some psychologists describe this transposition of personal goals or standards to achieve harmony as part of a "identity shift".
The key to understanding the concept of peer pressure and its power over humans is to closely examine the science of the process, rather than focus on its negative aspects. Providing a one-dimensional view of the concept encourages the bias (偏见) that peer pressure is a strictly undesirable feature of human society. Instead, we should be exploring way to use its power for good.
8．Why does the author raise the two questions about peer pressure in paragraph 1
A．To point out misinterpretations of it.
B．To encourage reflection on it.
C．To doubt the investigations into it.
D．To show general perceptions of it.
9．What should student X do to fit into the band
A．Enhance her leadership.
B．Stick to her old routines.
C．Learn to play more instruments.
D．Invest more energy in playing the guitar.
10．What does the underlined word "dispel" in paragraph 3 mean
A．Hide. B．Sense. C．Remove. D．Display.
11．what is the best title for the text
A．Peer Pressure: Harmful or Helpful
B．Peer Pressure: A Key to Group Success
C．Peer Pressure: Beyond the Negative Label
D．Peer Pressure: A Psychological Perspective
【答案】8．B
9．D
10．C
11．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；社会文化类；议论文；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕同伴压力的积极影响展开，强调理解同伴压力要关注其科学过程而非仅聚焦消极面，呼吁探索利用其积极力量的方法。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题，词义猜测题和标题选择题四种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。 利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易 利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。做标题选择题时，注意关注首尾句，首尾句往往包含段落或文章的核心信息，是判断标题是否准确的重要依据。利用关键词，文章中的关键词汇、短语或句子往往与标题有紧密联系，可以通过关键词汇的匹配来缩小选择范围。语境理解，理解文章的整体语境和作者的态度倾向，有助于准确把握文章的主旨和标题的选择方向。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段"The negative nature of peer pressure (同伴压力) is often presented without question. The undesirable effect of peer pressure cannot be denied, but is it also possible that peer pressure might not entirely deserve its bad reputation Could peer pressure also have positive effects on the personal development and behavior of young people A look at the scientific literature reveals exactly that peer pressure is not always a force for the dark side.(同伴压力的消极本质常常被人们不假思索地认定。同伴压力带来的不良影响是不可否认的，但有没有可能同伴压力并不完全应得它的坏名声呢？同伴压力是否也能对年轻人的个人发展和行为产生积极影响呢？查阅一下科学文献就会发现，同伴压力并不总是一股邪恶的力量。)"可知，作者先指出同伴压力的消极性常被毫无疑问地呈现，其不良影响不可否认，接着提出两个关于同伴压力的问题，即同伴压力是否不应完全背负坏名声，以及它是否对年轻人的个人发展和行为有积极影响。作者提出这两个问题，是为了让读者思考同伴压力是否只有消极影响，是否也存在积极的一面，鼓励读者对同伴压力进行更深入的反思。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段"Imagine a situation: student X has always enjoyed playing the guitar but is lazy and unmotivated. Although initially unwilling, she is persuaded to join a school band. The group of students is preparing for a performance and the existing members are enthusiastic, focused and hardworking. Gradually, student X is caught up in the spirit of the band and before long she is willingly making the same commitment of time and effort so they can achieve a common goal.(设想这样一种情况：学生X一直喜欢弹吉他，但她很懒惰，缺乏动力。起初她并不愿意，但在别人的劝说下加入了学校乐队。乐队里的学生们正在为一场演出做准备，现有的成员都充满热情、专注且勤奋。渐渐地，学生X被乐队的精神所感染，没过多久，她就心甘情愿地投入同样多的时间和精力，以便大家能够实现一个共同的目标。)"以及第三段"If student X does not inform to the established culture of the band, she risks rejection. Todispel tension, student X changes her habits and increases the amount of time and energy she devotes to practice.(如果学生X不融入乐队已有的文化氛围，她就有可能被排斥。为了消除这种紧张感，学生X改变了自己的习惯，增加了用于练习的时间和精力。)"可知，学生X加入的是乐队，且之前弹吉他比较懒惰缺乏动力，现在为了融入乐队要增加投入练习的时间和精力，也就是在弹吉他上投入更多精力。故选D。
10．词义猜测题。根据第四段"If student X does not inform to the established culture of the band, she risks rejection. To dispel tension, student X changes her habits and increases the amount of time and energy she devotes to practice.(如果学生X不融入乐队已有的文化氛围，她就有可能被排斥。为了……这种紧张感，学生X改变了自己的习惯，增加了用于练习的时间和精力。)"可知，学生X为了避免被排斥，通过改变习惯和增加练习投入来消除紧张感。划线单词和"消除"意思一致。选项C"remove"意为"消除"，与此相符。故选C。
11．标题选择题。通读文章可知，文章开篇指出同伴压力的消极性常被认定，但其不良影响虽不可否认，接着通过提问同伴压力是否不应完全背负坏名声、是否有积极影响引出话题。随后以学生X加入乐队为例，阐述了同伴压力的积极作用，还从心理学角度解释了其起作用的过程。最后强调理解同伴压力要关注其科学过程而非仅聚焦消极面，应探索利用其积极力量的方法。整体文章强调同伴压力不只是有消极的一面，不应只给它贴上负面标签。选项C"Peer Pressure: Beyond the Negative Label(同伴压力：超越负面标签)"准确地概括了文章主旨，强调要突破对同伴压力仅有的负面认知，看到其积极的可能性。故选C。
四、D
（2025高二上·杭州期末）Nobel committees recognized the transformative power of artificial intelligence (AI) in two of the prizes for 2024 — honoring pioneers of neural (神经系统的) networks in the physics prize, and the developers of computational tools to study and design proteins in the chemistry prize. But not all researchers are happy.
Several physicists argued that the science underlying machine learning was not actually physics. "I like machine learning and artificial neural networks as much as the next person, but it's hard to see that this is a physics discovery." Jonathan Pritchard, an astrophysicist at Imperial College London.
Not everyone was troubled, however. "Hopfield and Hinton's research brought together physics, math, computer science and neuroscience," said Matt Strassler, a theoretical physicist at Harvard University, "In that sense, it belongs to all of these fields." Anil Ananthaswamy, a science writer based in Berkeley, pointed out that although the research cited by the Nobel committee might not be theoretical physics in the purest sense, it is rooted in techniques and concepts from physics, such as energy. But Anil also added, the connection with physics became more delicate in upcoming developments in machine learning, particularly in techniques that made neural networks easier to train.
Computer science seemed to be completing its Nobel takeover the day after the physics prize announcement, when Demis Hassabis and John Jumper won half of the chemistry Nobel. The prize was a recognition of the innovative force of AI, but also of the steady gathering of knowledge in structural and computational biology. "It wasn't just that we went to work, pressed the AI button, and then all went home," Jumper said. "It was really an iterative (迭代的) process where we developed, we did research, we tried to find the right kind of combinations between what the community understood about proteins and how we build those insights into our architecture."
Since they were first awarded in 1901, the Nobels have often highlighted the impact of research on society, and have rewarded practical inventions, not only pure science. In this respect, this year's prizes are not outliers.
12．How did Jonathan Pritchard react to this year's Nobel Prize in Physics
A．He praised the organizers. B．He doubted the discovery.
C．He congratulated the winners. D．He questioned the classification.
13．What can we learn from paragraph 3
A．Hopfield and Hinton's research is a combination of multiple fields.
B．The Nobel committee only considers pure theoretical physics for awards.
C．The connection between physics and machine learning is irrelevant.
D．The future developments in machine learning will completely eliminate physics.
14．What did Jumper owe their achievement to
A．The AI-powered iterative research.
B．The innovative research in architecture.
C．The community-driven research process.
D．The use of AI research for quick answers.
15．Which of the following questions does the text mainly address
A．Who won this year's Nobels using AI
B．How do this year's Nobels reflect AI's role
C．Why are scientists against this year's Nobels
D．What's the outcome of this year's Nobels debate
【答案】12．D
13．A
14．A
15．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；新闻报道类；记叙文；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了2024年诺贝尔奖将奖项授予人工智能领域引发的学术争议，物理学界对机器学习是否属于物理学的质疑，化学奖对AI工具实用价值的肯定，以及诺贝尔奖评选标准中实用性与理论性平衡的探讨。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和主旨大意题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段"Several physicists argued that the science underlying machine learning was not actually physics. "I like machine learning and artificial neural networks as much as the next person, but it's hard to see that this is a physics discovery." Jonathan Pritchard, an astrophysicist at Imperial College London(一些物理学家认为，机器学习背后的科学实际上并非物理学。伦敦帝国理工学院的天体物理学家Jonathan Pritchard表示："我和其他人一样喜欢机器学习和人工神经网络，但很难将其视为一项物理学发现。")."可知，Jonathan Pritchard作为几位物理学家之一，认为机器学习背后的科学实际上不是物理学，他觉得很难将其视为一项物理学发现。也就是说，他就该成果在物理学奖这一分类上提出了质疑。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段""Hopfield and Hinton's research brought together physics, math, computer science and neuroscience," said Matt Strassler, a theoretical physicist at Harvard University, "In that sense, it belongs to all of these fields."(哈佛大学的理论物理学家Matt Strassler说："Hopfield和Hinton的研究融合了物理学、数学、计算机科学和神经科学。从这个意义上说，它属于所有这些领域。")"可知，佛大学的理论物理学家Matt Strassler认为Hopfield和Hinton的研究融合了物理学、数学、计算机科学和神经科学。也就是说，他们的研究融合了多个领域的知识。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段""It wasn't just that we went to work, pressed the AI button, and then all went home," Jumper said. "It was really an iterative (迭代的)process where we developed, we did research, we tried to find the right kind of combinations between what the community understood about proteins and how we build those insights into our architecture."(Jumper说："并不是说我们去工作，按下人工智能按钮，然后就都回家了。这确实是一个迭代的过程，在这个过程中我们不断发展，进行研究，努力在科学界对蛋白质的理解以及我们如何将这些见解融入我们的架构之间找到合适的组合方式。")"可知，Jumper表示他们的成果并非只是简单地使用人工智能，而是一个迭代的过程，在这个过程中他们不断发展、研究，试图找到关于蛋白质的已有认知和如何将这些见解融入架构之间的正确组合方式。这强调了人工智能驱动的迭代研究过程对他们取得成就的重要性。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇指出 2024 年诺贝尔奖在物理学奖和化学奖方面肯定了人工智能的变革性力量，接着讲述了不同人对将与人工智能相关的成果授予诺贝尔奖的不同看法，包括一些物理学家的质疑以及其他人对这些成果的解释，还提到了化学奖得主关于他们利用人工智能取得成果的过程的阐述，最后强调诺贝尔奖常常重视研究对社会的影响，今年的奖项也不例外。整体围绕今年诺贝尔奖如何体现人工智能的作用展开讨论。选项B"How do this year's Nobels reflect AI's role (今年的诺贝尔奖如何体现人工智能的作用？)"准确地概括了文章的主要内容，文章从多个方面阐述了今年诺贝尔奖在对人工智能相关成果的认可等方面如何体现其作用。故选B。
五、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2025高二上·杭州期末）British libraries are in crisis—again. The UK has lost one in 20 since 2016, with 180 closed in that time, a BBC investigation has revealed. The most disadvantaged areas are around four times more likely to lose a library than the richest. 16．
As the educational achievement gap between children from the richest and poorest backgrounds has grown post-COVID, the role that libraries can play in improving the ability to read and stimulating a love of reading couldn't be more vital. 17． The Children's Laureate (荣誉获得者), Frank Cottrell Boyce, stressed their importance for "human contact". His mother used the library as an escape from their limited Liverpool home. For others, it is a shelter from bullying, as one reader told the Guardian.
18． The activities offer desperately needed company to isolated parents, as well as inspirations for children. What's more, if you don't have access to the Internet or a printer, if you struggle with English or can't keep warm in winter, libraries are not simply somewhere to borrow books. 19． Above all, homelessness, loneliness, mental health, childcare costs, illiteracy and health education are also some of the challenges that libraries help to deal with as other basic public services have disappeared.
Despite all these benefits, funding for libraries is never a priority, defeated by the more urgent demands of healthcare and schools. 20． Campaigners are trying to put emphasis on that message before it is too late. One thing libraries don't need is more words. They need on-going and considerable funding.
A. What can you do to help to reopen the libraries
B. But concerns about their long-term future remain.
C. But it is not just books that make them magical places.
D. Meanwhile, funding for libraries has halved since 2010.
E. You can even spend a whole day there without buying a cup of tea.
F. However, properly resourced, they can help relieve the pressures on both.
G. Where else can you find craft workshops, Lego, and author events, all for free
【答案】16．D；17．C；18．G；19．E；20．F
【知识点】说明文；七选五；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出了英国图书馆陷入了困境，接连倒闭了许多家，并且政府投入到图书馆的经费也削减了近一半。文章通过强调图书馆的各种有意义的功能和不可或缺的作用，向公众呼吁用更多的资金来支持图书馆。备选项的中文意思：
A. 你能做些什么来帮助重新开放图书馆呢？
B. 但对其长期前景的担忧依然存在。
C. 但让它们成为神奇之地的不仅仅是书籍。
D. 与此同时，自2010年以来，图书馆的资金投入减少了一半。
E. 你甚至可以在那里待上一整天而不用买一杯茶。
F. 然而，如果有足够的资源，它们可以帮助缓解两方面的压力。
G. 还有哪里能让你免费参加手工工坊、玩乐高积木和参加作家活动呢？
【点评】考查任务型阅读（七选五）。解题技巧如下：1. 看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。2. 首先快速浏览一遍几个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。3. 精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。4. 看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语。实现关键词的对接，先易后难，各个突破。此外要通过句子的逻辑关系或句子的标点来判断该句在文章的位置。5. 解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如表示转折关系的but，though, however 等。6. 做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。
16．根据前文"British libraries are in crisis—again. The UK has lost one in 20 since 2016, with 180 closed in that time, a BBC investigation has revealed. The most disadvantaged areas are around four times more likely to lose a library than the richest.(英国图书馆再次陷入危机。BBC的一项调查显示，自2016年以来，英国每20家就有一家倒闭，其中180家倒闭。最贫困地区失去图书馆的可能性是最富裕地区的四倍。)" 可知，空前讲述的是图书馆陷入困境的现状，因此D选项"Meanwhile, funding for libraries has halved since 2010. (与此同时，自2010年以来，图书馆的资金投入减少了一半。)"可知，承接上文内容，继续说明陷入的困境，符合语境，并且与最后一段的最后一句"They need on-going and considerable funding(他们需要持续和大量的资金。)"呼吁公众来资助图书馆相呼应。故选D。
17．根据前文"As the educational achievement gap between children from the richest and poorest backgrounds has grown post-COVID, the role that libraries can play in improving the ability to read and stimulating a love of reading couldn't be more vital.(新冠肺炎疫情后，随着最富裕和最贫困背景的儿童之间的教育成就差距越来越大，图书馆在提高阅读能力和激发对阅读的热爱方面所能发挥的作用至关重要。)"提到图书馆在提高阅读能力和激发对阅读的热爱方面所能发挥的作用至关重要。以及空后"The Children's Laureate (荣誉获得者), Frank Cottrell Boyce, stressed their importance for "human contact".(儿童奖得主弗兰克·科特雷尔·博伊斯强调了它们对"人类接触"的重要性。)"可知，图书馆还有除了阅读识字方面以外的其他功能。此处需要有转折，将话题转至图书馆其他的作用，因此选择C项"But it is not just books that make them magical places.( 但让它们成为神奇之地的不仅仅是书籍。)可知，符合此推断，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选C。
18．根据下文"The activities offer desperately needed company to isolated parents, as well as inspirations for children.(这些活动为孤立的父母提供了迫切需要的陪伴，也为孩子们提供了灵感。)"提到这些活动的意义。结合G选项"Where else can you find craft workshops, Lego, and author events, all for free (还有哪里能让你免费参加手工工坊、玩乐高积木和参加作家活动呢？)"可知，和下文内容紧密连接，下文中的The activities指的就是空格处提到的活动，符合语境。故选G。
19．根据前文"What's more, if you don't have access to the Internet or a printer, if you struggle with English or can't keep warm in winter, libraries are not simply somewhere to borrow books.(更重要的是，如果你没有互联网或打印机，如果你努力学习英语或在冬天不能保暖，图书馆不仅仅是借书的地方。)"以及后文的"Above all"开始讲图书馆其他的好处可知，此空还在接着前文的话题在讲述图书馆的优点，因此E选项"You can even spend a whole day there without buying a cup of tea.(你甚至可以在那里待上一整天而不用买一杯茶。)"可知，符合此推断，起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选E。
20．根据前文"Despite all these benefits, funding for libraries is never a priority, defeated by the more urgent demands of healthcare and schools.(尽管有这些好处，但图书馆的资金从来都不是优先考虑的问题，医疗保健和学校的资金需求更为迫切。)"讲述尽管图书馆有这么多的好处，但由于有医疗保健以及学校等更为紧迫的需求，资助图书馆永远不是优先事项。后文的"that message"的指代对象应该也是资助图书馆，而且在所选择的句子中必然会出现，因此选项F项"However, properly resourced, they can help relieve the pressures on both.(然而，如果有足够的资源，它们可以帮助缓解两方面的压力。)"可知，起到上下文的承上启下作用，F选项中的"both"也与上文的"healthcare and schools"相呼应。故选F。
六、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B. C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2025高二上·杭州期末）It is February 2020, and it's almost as cold inside as out. By the time I have finished 21． and walked out, it's 9 p.m. It's not hard to find my group because they're already waiting, wearing 22． black polar boots the size of a trunk.
Our guide is Céline, a Frenchwoman. "The prediction is clouds tonight," she tells us. "But you never know, so we will still be 23． ."
After about 20 minutes, the bus 24． at Aurora (极光) Village, a collection of small buildings beside a frozen lake. Getting off the bus, I couldn't help 25． from foot to foot.
Minutes after, the clouds 26． . "Is that it " someone asks, pointing at a small dome (圆顶) of brightness on the horizon. The aurora is a beautiful, though hard to 27． , phenomenon, occurring year-round and tourism runs on expectations stimulated by travel websites. However, thousands of enhanced photos of emerald-green and ruby-red arcs (弧线) make false 28． . So I've tried to keep my own expectations 29． .
Over about 20 minutes, however, a cloud 30． into a fine white are stretching across the sky, brightening until it is a river of pearl. Céline and I lie back on a pile of 31． , watching the glowing track cross the sky like a painter's 32． .
I don't generally do this kind of thing: travel in 33． , with guides. I'm always too shy for groups. But viewing the aurora is a peculiar undertaking, something best done in very cold places at night, 34． cities, in an environment that doesn't 35． the solo traveler.
21．A．bathing B．eating C．booking D．dressing
22．A．formal B．fancy C．identical D．distinct
23．A．hopeful B．thankful C．careful D．regretful
24．A．turns back B．drives through C．breaks down D．pulls up
25．A．shifting B．stepping C．sliding D．shaking
26．A．escape B．lift C．faint D．appear
27．A．refuse B．reform C．imagine D．predict
28．A．promises B．decisions C．statements D．arrangements
29．A．high B．unrealistic C．low D．great
30．A．runs B．divides C．grows D．absorbs
31．A．tourists B．photos C．dirt D．snow
32．A．brush B．blanket C．hand D．desire
33．A．wonders B．packs C．boots D．pairs
34．A．around B．beyond C．in between D．far from
35．A．comprise B．surprise C．punish D．reward
【答案】21．D；22．C；23．A；24．D；25．A；26．B；27．D；28．A；29．C；30．C；31．D；32．A；33．B；34．D；35．D
【知识点】名词辨析；形容词的词义辨析；动词的词义辨析；旅游观光类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者跟团去看极光的经历。
【点评】考查完形填空。首先要通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺失的单词的含义，最后对选项进行对比分析，选出正确选项。完形填空旨在测试学生的语言综合运用能力。一些实用的解题策略如下。一、通读全文，把握大意。在开始答题之前，应先通读全文，了解文章的主题和大致内容。这样有助于理解作者的意图，把握文章的整体思路，为后续的填空选择提供正确的方向。二、仔细分析，逐一排查。对于每一个空，要仔细分析所给的选项，逐一排查，选出最符合文意的答案。通常情况下，完形填空中会有几个空白需要填写形容词、副、名词等，要注意所填的词要与句子前后内容相符。三、结合上下文，理解语义。有时候仅从一个空所在的句子很难确定正确的答案，这时需要结合上下文，理解整体的语义环境。通过对前后的语境分析，确定一个合理的答案。四、注意语法结构。完形填空中涉及的语法知识较多，如时态、语态、词性等。在选择答案时，要仔细考虑语法结构是否正确。
21．句意：当我穿好衣服走出去的时候，已经是晚上9点了。A. bathing沐浴；B. eating吃；C. booking预定；D. dressing穿衣服。根据后文"and walked out, it's 9 p.m."可知，他们要去看极光，所以是穿好衣服出门。故选D。
22．句意：要找到我的团队并不难，因为他们已经在等着了，穿着行李箱大小的相同的黑色极地靴子。A. formal正式的；B. fancy幻想的；C. identical同样的；D. distinct清楚的。根据上文"It's not hard to find my group"以及后文"black polar boots the size of a trunk."可知，队友都穿着统一的黑色极地靴子等着。故选C。
23．句意："但你永远不会知道，所以我们仍然充满希望。"A. hopeful有希望的；B. thankful感谢的；C. careful仔细的；D. regretful后悔的。根据上文"But you never know, so we will still be"可知，天气是未知的，所以还是有希望看到极光的。故选A。
24．句意：大约20分钟后，巴士在极光村停了下来，极光村是一个冰湖边的小型建筑集群。A. turns back返回；B. drives through驶过；C. breaks down出故障；D. pulls up停车。根据后文"Getting off the bus"可知，巴士在极光村停了下来。故选D。
25．句意：下了公共汽车，我忍不住换脚。A. shifting变换；B. stepping踏步；C. sliding滑动；D. shaking摇晃。根据后文"from foot to foot"可知，此处指作者因为寒冷在原地站不住，忍不住来回换脚。故选A。
26．句意：几分钟后，云消散了。A. escape逃走；B. lift消散；C. faint晕倒；D. appear出现。根据""Is that it " someone asks, pointing at a small dome of brightness on the horizon.("那是吗？"有人指着地平线上的一个发光的小型穹顶问道)"可知，有人看到了极光，说明云消散了。故选B。
27．句意：极光是一种很美却又难以预测的现象，全年都会发生，相关的旅游业就依靠由旅游网站刺激产生的高期待值在运作。A. refuse拒绝；B. reform改革；C. imagine想象；D. predict预测。由后文"However, thousands of enhanced photos of emerald-green and ruby-red arcs (弧线) make false 8 ."可知，许多的极光照片让人们对于这种现象产生向往甚至慕名而来，但是否出现是极光是难以预测的。故选D。
28．句意：然而，成千上万张翡翠绿色和红宝石红色弧线的增强照片做出了虚假的承诺。A. promises承诺；B. decisions决定；C. statements陈述；D. arrangements安排。根据上文"enhanced photos of emerald-green and ruby-red arcs make false"可知，因为旅游的照片都是增强过的，所以是虚假的承诺。故选A。
29．句意：所以我试着把自己的期待值放低。A. high高的；B. unrealistic不现实的；C. low低的；D. great伟大的。根据上文"So I've tried to keep my own expectations"可知，作者认识到了照片具有欺骗性，所以尽量降低自己的期望值。故选C。
30．句意：然而，过了大约20分钟后，一片云变成了一条美丽的白色弧线，横跨天空，越来越亮，最后变成了一条珍珠河。A. runs奔跑；B. divides分开；C. grows成长，变成；D. absorbs吸收。根据后文"into a fine white"可知，这里指一片云变成了一条美丽的白色弧线，应用grow into。故选C。
31．句意：我和Céline躺在一堆雪上，看着发光的轨迹像画家的画笔一样划过天空。A. tourists游客；B. photos照片；C. dirt泥土；D. snow雪。根据上文"a collection of small buildings beside a frozen lake"可知，极光村在一片结冰的湖旁边，显然天气寒冷，他们是躺在雪堆上面。故选D。
32．句意：我和Céline躺在一堆雪上，看着发光的轨迹像画家的画笔一样划过天空。A. brush画笔；B. blanket毯子；C. hand手；D. desire渴望。根据上文"like a painter's"可知，这是把极光的轨迹比喻成画家的画笔。故选A。
33．句意：我通常不会做这种事：带着导游结伴旅行。A. wonders奇迹；B. packs包；C. boots靴子；D. pairs对，副。根据后文"I'm always too shy for groups."可知，作者羞于参加集体活动，此处通常不会做的事应指结伴旅行（travel in packs）。故选B。
34．句意：但观赏极光是一件特别的事，最好赶在一个极寒之地的夜晚，远离城市，处在一种无法给独自旅行的人带来回报的环境中。A. around围绕；B. beyond超过；C. in between在中间；D. far from远离。由前文"After about 20 minutes, the bus 4 at Aurora (极光) Village"可知，作者是坐公交二十分钟到了极光村来观赏极光的，显然这里要表达远离城市才能看到极光。故选D。
35．句意：但观赏极光是一件特别的事，最好赶在一个极寒之地的夜晚，远离城市，处在一种无法给独自旅行的人带来回报的环境中。A. comprise包括；B. surprise使惊喜；C. punish惩罚；D. reward奖励。根据上文"But viewing the aurora is a peculiar undertaking"中but表示转折，结合上文作者结伴去看极光的经历可知，在作者看来，观赏极光不适合单独一个人，也就是说并不能给独自旅行的人带来回报。故选D。
七、第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2025高二上·杭州期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容。一个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Scientists have discovered the remains of 36． appears to be an ancient sheep-drawn chariot (战车) near the famous Terracotta Army in the western tomb of Emperor Qin Shi Huang. The main structure of the chariot has likely rotted (腐烂) away after 37． (spend) more than 2,000 years in the ground but researchers did find a row of six sheep skeletons (骨架) wearing attachments used for pulling a chariot, so they 38． (infer) this was a sheep-drawn chariot.
Horse-drawn chariots were common in ancient China, but a sheep-drawn chariot is 39． extremely rare find. The founder of the Western Jin Dynasty, Emperor Wu, or Sima Yan, who ruled from 266 to 290CE, is said 40． (ride) in a sheep-drawn carriage around his palace complex every night and would sleep wherever the sheep stopped. Researchers hope laboratory 41． (analyze) on the western tomb's burial chamber, which is currently underway, will help them determine who was buried there.
In addition to the six-sheep chariot, scientists unearthed a four-wheeled 42． (wood) chariot, probably drawn by horses, 43． (equip) with a fancy umbrella. It is the oldest of 44． (it) type ever found. They also found a wealth of iron tools and weapons, providing new insight into the period 45． iron tools first began to appear.
【答案】36．what；37．spending；38．inferred；39．an；40．to have ridden；41．analysis；42．wooden；43．equipped；44．its；45．when
【知识点】动名词；一般过去时；宾语从句的连接词；说明文；社会历史类；an；analysis；equip；infer；its；spend；what；when；wooden
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家在秦始皇陵西侧陵墓附近发现疑似古代羊拉战车遗迹，还出土了四轮木战车等，研究有助于了解当时情况。
【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及宾语从句，非谓语动词，时态，冠词，名词，形容词，代词以及定语从句等多个知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。语法填空实用解题策略如下。一、分析句子结构。在面对语法填空题时，首先要做的是分析句子的结构。观察句子中的主语、谓语、宾语等主要成分，以及是否有从句、非谓语动词等复杂结构。通过理解句子结构，可以更好地把握填空处所需的词性和功能。二、确定词性变化。根据句子结构和语境，确定填空处所需的词性。然后，根据语法规则，考虑所需的词性是否需要进行变化，如名词的单复数、动词的时态和语态、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级等。确保所填词汇在语法上与句子其他部分相匹配。三、牢记固定搭配。英语中存在大量的固定搭配和短语，这些搭配在语法填空题中经常出现。因此，需要牢记常见的固定搭配和短语，以便在解题时能够迅速识别并正确填空。四、注意时态语态。时态和语态是英语语法填空的重要考点。在解题时，要注意根据句子的语境和上下文，判断所需动词的时态和语态。同时，也要注意时态和语态的一致性，确保所填词汇与句子的时态和语态相符。五、理解上下文语境。语境对于语法填空题的解答至关重要。通过理解句子的上下文，可以更好地理解填空处所需的词汇和语法结构。因此，在解题时，要仔细阅读句子的前后文，把握句子的整体意义，以便更好地填空。
36．句意：科学家在秦始皇陵西侧陵墓附近著名的兵马俑附近发现了似乎是古代羊拉战车的遗迹。"____1____ appears to be an ancient sheep drawn chariot"作介词of的宾语，是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示"(似乎是……的)事物"，用连接代词what引导该从句。故填what。
37．句意：战车的主体结构在地下埋藏了2000多年后可能已经腐烂，但研究人员确实发现了一排六具带着拉战车附件的羊骨架，所以他们推断这是一辆羊拉战车。spend，花费，动词。after是介词，后面接动名词spending作宾语。故填spending。
38．句意：战车的主体结构在地下埋藏了2000多年后可能已经腐烂，但研究人员确实发现了一排六具带着拉战车附件的羊骨架，所以他们推断这是一辆羊拉战车。infer，推断，动词。空处是分句谓语动词，与主语they之间是主动关系，根据语境可知，研究人员作出推断是已经发生的事情，用一般过去时态，谓语动词用过去式inferred。故填inferred。
39．句意：在中国古代，马拉战车很常见，但羊拉战车是极其罕见的发现。find在这里是可数名词，意为"一件发现物"，泛指，且extremely是发音以元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
40．句意：据说西晋开国皇帝武帝司马炎(公元266年至290年在位)每晚都坐着羊拉的马车在他的宫殿建筑群里转悠，羊停在哪里他就在哪里睡觉。ride，骑/乘坐/驾驭，动词。sb. is said to do是固定用法，表示"据说某人做……"，动作ride发生在谓语动词is said 之前，应用不定式的完成式to have ridden。故填to have ridden。
41．句意：研究人员希望目前正在对西侧陵墓墓室进行的实验室分析将有助于他们确定里面埋葬的是谁。 analyze，分析，动词。 提示词在句中作主语，用名词analysis，意为"分析"，单指对西侧陵墓墓室进行的实验室的分析，用单数形式。故填analysis。
42．句意：除了六羊战车，科学家还出土了一辆四轮木战车，可能是马拉的，配备了一把华丽的雨伞。wood， 木材/木头/树林/林地，名词。提示词修饰名词chariot，用形容词wooden作定语，意为"木制的"。故填wooden。
43．句意：除了六羊战车，科学家还出土了一辆四轮木战车，可能是马拉的，配备了一把华丽的雨伞。 equip ，装备，动词。"____8____ (equip) with a fancy umbrella"作后置定语，equip(装备，配备)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语chariot之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填equipped。
44．句意：这是迄今为止发现的同类中最古老的。it，它，主格/宾格。根据语境可知，这里指四轮木战车这一类型，提示词修饰名词type，用形容词性物主代词its作定语，意为"它的"。故填its。
45．句意：他们还发现了大量的铁制工具和武器，为铁器首次出现的时期提供了新的见解。"____10____ iron tools first began to appear"是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the period，关系词将其代入从句中作时间状语，表示"在这段时期"，用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。
八、第一节 (满分15分)
46．（2025高二上·杭州期末）假定你是李华，你所在的团队成功晋级校级英语辩论赛决赛。请你向指导你们的外教Peter写一封感谢信，内容包括：
1. 感谢指导；
2. 比赛经历；
3. 成员表现。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
I'm writing to express our sincere gratitude for your guidance. Thanks to your help, our team has successfully advanced to the final of the school English debate competition.
During the competition, we encountered various challenges. For instance, we had to quickly respond to the opponents' sharp arguments, but your advice and strategies helped us stay calm and confident.
All team members performed excellently, making full use of the skills you taught us. We worked together, supported each other and made full use of the skills you taught us.
Once again, thank you so much.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份写一封信给Peter，就他指导自己所在团队成功晋级校级英语辩论赛决赛一事表达感谢。写作背景：李华所在团队因为外教Peter的指导成功晋级校级英语辩论赛决赛。内容包括：1. 阐述写作目的并表达感谢；2. 叙述比赛经历以及成员表现；3.表达感谢 。注意：1. 时态为一般现在时和一般过去时；2.注意不要遗漏写作要点，详略得当，可适当拓展，突出写作重点；3. 注意语句表达规范流畅，逻辑正确，条理清晰，语义连贯；4. 不能使用真实的名称；5. 写作词数为80个左右。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使作文显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇书面表达表达上要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用了一定数量的句式结构，让句子表达更加生动传神，同时使用了较多的高级词汇和固定短语，提高了文章的档次，体现了对英语书面表达熟练的驾驭能力。例如：I'm writing to express our sincere gratitude for your guidance. (运用了动词不定式作目的状语)；For instance, we had to quickly respond to the opponents' sharp arguments, but your advice and strategies helped us stay calm and confident.（运用了but连接的并列句）；All team members performed excellently, making full use of the skills you taught us.（运用了现在分词短语作状语）；We worked together, supported each other and made full use of the skills you taught us.（运用了省略了that/which引导的定语从句）。
九、第二节 (满分25分)
47．（2025高二上·杭州期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I stood in the restaurant kitchen, my eyes wide, arms hanging awkwardly, ready to work but unsure of what to do. "You will be trained first," my manager Aaron said, "and do remember to check every detail!" With these words, he walked away.
A workmate threw me a dish brush and said, "Let's get started." He introduced me to the basics of washing dishes and demonstrated the process. This was the beginning of my part-time job, a new stage where I was both eager to learn and anxious about the challenges ahead.
On a Friday night, Aaron swiftly entered the kitchen. "Who has just bused (收拾) the back right table " he shouted, his voice sharp with urgency. My hands, slippery with bubbles from the bowl I was washing, nearly let it slip through my fingers. I wanted to say I was guilty, but Aaron's cold stare didn't promise a happy reward for the guy who admitted. Finally, a mix of fear and my own conscience pushed the response out of my mouth.
"I did, Aaron."
"What were you thinking Get back out here and look at what you missed!" His words forced me forward. I grabbed a rag (抹布) and followed him out to table twenty-two. As we made our way through the restaurant, he said something about rags, but I didn't hear clearly with other conversations going on around us.
I quickly realized the true issue was the mess beneath the table. A nearly full cup of beer had tipped over, creating a small lake on the floor. It was a significant mistake on my part. "Take care of it!" Aaron tuned and stormed off to the front of the restaurant.
I dropped down to clean up the beer. That was when another problem occurred. I had brought only one rag. One already wet rag. It did nothing but increase the size of the lake. "More rags," I thought. Immediately, I rushed into the kitchen and hurriedly grabbed five dry rags, hoping Aaron wouldn't notice my brief absence.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I had just rushed out when I found Aaron standing in my way.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After cleaning up the mess, I reflected on Aaron's words.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I had just rushed out when I found Aaron standing in my way. "What's up" he asked sharply, his eyes fixed on me. Feeling the weight of my mistake, I stammered nervously, "I need dry rags...to...clean..." Upon hearing this, Aaron let out a heavy sigh. "You should have checked every detail," he remarked, a hint of disappointment in his voice. "This job isn't just about reacting, it's also about being careful. Now, go clean that up!" Avoiding his gaze, I dashed towards table twenty-two. With an ample supply of rags, I threw myself into the task, tirelessly mopping, scrubbing, and wiping.
After cleaning up the mess, I reflected on Aaron's words. They were sharp but absolutely right. My inexperience and initial anxiety in this new job had led me to overlook crucial details, and I should have been more mindful of my work. Taking a deep breath, I returned to my duties, bearing Aaron's words in mind. With very dish washed and every table cleared, I made sure to double-check my work. Everything went well and soon I realized this carefulness would not just apply to cleaning; it would influence every aspect of my job, preparing me to embrace any challenge with responsibility and confidence.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，本文讲述了作者刚入职一家餐馆，经理Aaron要求作者检查每一个细节，但是一天作者因为粗心没有收拾好桌子，当他准备再次准备收拾时，发现自己拿的抹布不够，又再次回去拿抹布，被Aaron再次提醒要注意细节，此次事件让作者明白工作中细心的重要性。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"我刚冲出去，就发现亚伦挡了我的路。"可知，第一段可描写作者不细心的情况再次被Aaron看到，以及Aaron对作者的再次告诫。②由第二段首句内容"收拾完残局后，我回想起亚伦的话。"可知，第二段可描写作者通过这次事件，获得的感悟。
写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】该续写部分紧密承接前文，在"我"匆忙拿干抹布冲出去时遇到经理Aaron这一情节基础上展开。第一段描述了与Aaron的对话，Aaron指出"我"的错误并再次强调要注意细节，接着"我"认真清理污渍；第二段写"我"反思Aaron的话，意识到细节的重要性并在后续工作中践行，情节发展自然流畅，符合逻辑。语言简洁明了，没有过多的修饰，但能够准确地表达出人物的情感和情节的发展。文中有一些好的词句，例如：With very dish washed and every table cleared, I made sure to double-check my work.运用了with的复合结构；Everything went well and soon I realized this carefulness would not just apply to cleaning; it would influence every aspect of my job, preparing me to embrace any challenge with responsibility and confidence.运用了省略that的宾语从句。
1 / 1浙江省杭州市西湖区学军西溪,学军紫金港,学军海创园2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考英语试卷
一、A
（2025高二上·杭州期末）What is a GPA A GPA, or Grade Point Average, typically ranging from one to four, is a number reflecting your course performance on average. It's used by universities to determine whether students meet academic standards and by students to enhance job prospects or secure admission into post-graduate programs.
How to calculate a GPA
● Determine the letter grade and the number of credit hours for each course you take in a term;
● Translate the letter grade to grade points using your school's grading system;
● Multiply the grade points by the credit hours for that course;
● Add up all the credit hours for the courses;
● Divide the total number of grade points by the total credit hours and you get the GPA.
Example: Academic Transcript of Jane Smith Winter 2023
Courses Letter Grade Grade points Credit hours Total points GPA
Creative Writing A+ 4.0 3 12 -
Psychology A- 3.7 3 11.1 -
History B+ 3.3 3 9.9 -
Computer Science F 0.0 2 0 -
Total - - 11 33
What are the consequences of failing college courses
● Every failing grade (F) significantly impacts your GPA for that academic year, limiting clubs, organizations and program choices, as competitive programs require top GPAs.
● Most financial aid programs require a specific GPA. A sharp drop in GPA due to several course failures may lead to withdrawal from financial aid programs, unless you retake the courses and pass.
● For college athletes on sports scholarships, failing courses repeatedly can lead to losing scholarships and team sports.
● Failing multiple courses can result in school removal and affect future applications.
1．Where is this text probably taken from
A．An academic course guide. B．A campus job fair poster.
C．A graduate application form. D．An athletic team schedule.
2．What is Jane Smith's GPA this term
A．3.3. B．3.0. C．2.8. D．1.0.
3．What would be a result if you get one F in college
A．School removal. B．Loss of financial aid.
C．Choice limitation. D．Disqualification in sports.
二、B
（2025高二上·杭州期末）With a full career in both politics and business, Hiram Fong never set out to develop one of Oahu's most impressive horticulture (园艺) attractions. Fong, whose political career lasted over thirty years, was one of the first two senators (参议员) from Hawaii when it became a state in 1959 and the first Asian American to serve in the US Senate. Before working in politics, Fong paid his own way through Harvard Law School and, upon graduating helped found and run a law firm. Fong eventually led several companies, all the while, gardening was his escape.
In 1950, Fong purchased more than 700 acres of land on Oahu, above Kaneohe Bay. Wanting to experiment with growing fruit, he planted banana, then papaya, lemon, jackfruit, and avocado. By also choosing to plant crops such as bamboo, coconut, betel nut, and turmeric, he broadened the types of plants in his garden and developed a landscape reminding people of Hawaii hundreds of years ago.
After he retired from politics in 1977, Fong continued to be in charge of his companies, but he focused on gardening, personally importing and planting countless species of plants. Eventually, he divided his land into five gardens, each one named after a US president who had served while Fong was a senator. The Eisenhower Plateau is dedicated to native Chinese plants, such as the Hong Kong orchid tree and the Java plum. The Johnson Plateau features foreign fruits. Kennedy Valley supports ginger and palms from all over the world. Nixon Valley abounds with flowers while the Ford Plateau highlights hillsides of pili grasses.
The preserve is now named Senator Fong's Plantation and Gardens, complete with a visitors' center and guided tours. Until his death in 2004 at ninety-seven. Fong spent every weekend tending to his flowers and trees and associating with visitors. He considered gardening a contributing reason for his long and healthy life.
4．What made Fong start gardening
A．His life experiences in Hawaii. B．His big ambition for business.
C．His political career as a senator. D．His temporary release from reality.
5．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．Fong's further devotion to gardening
B．Fong's management of companies.
C．Fong's research on plant species.
D．Fong's naming of his gardens.
6．What can be learnt about Fong from the last paragraph
A．He lived quite a busy but regular life in his old age.
B．He credited gardening for his long and healthy life.
C．He kept taking care of flowers as his daily routine.
D．He spent his later years establishing a visitors' centre.
7．What does the author want to convey through this passage
A．It is care and diligence that bring luck.
B．It takes three generations to make a gentleman.
C．Nothing great is ever achieved without enthusiasm.
D．Patience is a flower that grows not in everyone's garden.
三、C
（2025高二上·杭州期末）The negative nature of peer pressure (同伴压力) is often presented without question. The undesirable effect of peer pressure cannot be denied, but is it also possible that peer pressure might not entirely deserve its bad reputation Could peer pressure also have positive effects on the personal development and behavior of young people A look at the scientific literature reveals exactly that peer pressure is not always a force for the dark side.
Many studies suggest that peer pressure and the desire to conform (顺从) are simply a part of being human. Humans, after all, are highly social beings. If humans are hard-wired to respond to peer pressure, then it makes sense to examine how it can be used to change behavior in a positive way. Imagine a situation: student X has always enjoyed playing the guitar but is lazy and unmotivated. Although initially unwilling, she is persuaded to join a school band. The group of students is preparing for a performance and the existing members are enthusiastic, focused and hardworking. Gradually, student X is caught up in the spirit of the band and before long she is willingly making the same commitment of time and effort so they can achieve a common goal.
So how does it work Peer pressure - both positive and negative - follows a recognizable psychological process. If student X does not inform to the established culture of the band, she risks rejection. To dispel tension, student X changes her habits and increases the amount of time and energy she devotes to practice. Some psychologists describe this transposition of personal goals or standards to achieve harmony as part of a "identity shift".
The key to understanding the concept of peer pressure and its power over humans is to closely examine the science of the process, rather than focus on its negative aspects. Providing a one-dimensional view of the concept encourages the bias (偏见) that peer pressure is a strictly undesirable feature of human society. Instead, we should be exploring way to use its power for good.
8．Why does the author raise the two questions about peer pressure in paragraph 1
A．To point out misinterpretations of it.
B．To encourage reflection on it.
C．To doubt the investigations into it.
D．To show general perceptions of it.
9．What should student X do to fit into the band
A．Enhance her leadership.
B．Stick to her old routines.
C．Learn to play more instruments.
D．Invest more energy in playing the guitar.
10．What does the underlined word "dispel" in paragraph 3 mean
A．Hide. B．Sense. C．Remove. D．Display.
11．what is the best title for the text
A．Peer Pressure: Harmful or Helpful
B．Peer Pressure: A Key to Group Success
C．Peer Pressure: Beyond the Negative Label
D．Peer Pressure: A Psychological Perspective
四、D
（2025高二上·杭州期末）Nobel committees recognized the transformative power of artificial intelligence (AI) in two of the prizes for 2024 — honoring pioneers of neural (神经系统的) networks in the physics prize, and the developers of computational tools to study and design proteins in the chemistry prize. But not all researchers are happy.
Several physicists argued that the science underlying machine learning was not actually physics. "I like machine learning and artificial neural networks as much as the next person, but it's hard to see that this is a physics discovery." Jonathan Pritchard, an astrophysicist at Imperial College London.
Not everyone was troubled, however. "Hopfield and Hinton's research brought together physics, math, computer science and neuroscience," said Matt Strassler, a theoretical physicist at Harvard University, "In that sense, it belongs to all of these fields." Anil Ananthaswamy, a science writer based in Berkeley, pointed out that although the research cited by the Nobel committee might not be theoretical physics in the purest sense, it is rooted in techniques and concepts from physics, such as energy. But Anil also added, the connection with physics became more delicate in upcoming developments in machine learning, particularly in techniques that made neural networks easier to train.
Computer science seemed to be completing its Nobel takeover the day after the physics prize announcement, when Demis Hassabis and John Jumper won half of the chemistry Nobel. The prize was a recognition of the innovative force of AI, but also of the steady gathering of knowledge in structural and computational biology. "It wasn't just that we went to work, pressed the AI button, and then all went home," Jumper said. "It was really an iterative (迭代的) process where we developed, we did research, we tried to find the right kind of combinations between what the community understood about proteins and how we build those insights into our architecture."
Since they were first awarded in 1901, the Nobels have often highlighted the impact of research on society, and have rewarded practical inventions, not only pure science. In this respect, this year's prizes are not outliers.
12．How did Jonathan Pritchard react to this year's Nobel Prize in Physics
A．He praised the organizers. B．He doubted the discovery.
C．He congratulated the winners. D．He questioned the classification.
13．What can we learn from paragraph 3
A．Hopfield and Hinton's research is a combination of multiple fields.
B．The Nobel committee only considers pure theoretical physics for awards.
C．The connection between physics and machine learning is irrelevant.
D．The future developments in machine learning will completely eliminate physics.
14．What did Jumper owe their achievement to
A．The AI-powered iterative research.
B．The innovative research in architecture.
C．The community-driven research process.
D．The use of AI research for quick answers.
15．Which of the following questions does the text mainly address
A．Who won this year's Nobels using AI
B．How do this year's Nobels reflect AI's role
C．Why are scientists against this year's Nobels
D．What's the outcome of this year's Nobels debate
五、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2025高二上·杭州期末）British libraries are in crisis—again. The UK has lost one in 20 since 2016, with 180 closed in that time, a BBC investigation has revealed. The most disadvantaged areas are around four times more likely to lose a library than the richest. 16．
As the educational achievement gap between children from the richest and poorest backgrounds has grown post-COVID, the role that libraries can play in improving the ability to read and stimulating a love of reading couldn't be more vital. 17． The Children's Laureate (荣誉获得者), Frank Cottrell Boyce, stressed their importance for "human contact". His mother used the library as an escape from their limited Liverpool home. For others, it is a shelter from bullying, as one reader told the Guardian.
18． The activities offer desperately needed company to isolated parents, as well as inspirations for children. What's more, if you don't have access to the Internet or a printer, if you struggle with English or can't keep warm in winter, libraries are not simply somewhere to borrow books. 19． Above all, homelessness, loneliness, mental health, childcare costs, illiteracy and health education are also some of the challenges that libraries help to deal with as other basic public services have disappeared.
Despite all these benefits, funding for libraries is never a priority, defeated by the more urgent demands of healthcare and schools. 20． Campaigners are trying to put emphasis on that message before it is too late. One thing libraries don't need is more words. They need on-going and considerable funding.
A. What can you do to help to reopen the libraries
B. But concerns about their long-term future remain.
C. But it is not just books that make them magical places.
D. Meanwhile, funding for libraries has halved since 2010.
E. You can even spend a whole day there without buying a cup of tea.
F. However, properly resourced, they can help relieve the pressures on both.
G. Where else can you find craft workshops, Lego, and author events, all for free
六、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B. C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2025高二上·杭州期末）It is February 2020, and it's almost as cold inside as out. By the time I have finished 21． and walked out, it's 9 p.m. It's not hard to find my group because they're already waiting, wearing 22． black polar boots the size of a trunk.
Our guide is Céline, a Frenchwoman. "The prediction is clouds tonight," she tells us. "But you never know, so we will still be 23． ."
After about 20 minutes, the bus 24． at Aurora (极光) Village, a collection of small buildings beside a frozen lake. Getting off the bus, I couldn't help 25． from foot to foot.
Minutes after, the clouds 26． . "Is that it " someone asks, pointing at a small dome (圆顶) of brightness on the horizon. The aurora is a beautiful, though hard to 27． , phenomenon, occurring year-round and tourism runs on expectations stimulated by travel websites. However, thousands of enhanced photos of emerald-green and ruby-red arcs (弧线) make false 28． . So I've tried to keep my own expectations 29． .
Over about 20 minutes, however, a cloud 30． into a fine white are stretching across the sky, brightening until it is a river of pearl. Céline and I lie back on a pile of 31． , watching the glowing track cross the sky like a painter's 32． .
I don't generally do this kind of thing: travel in 33． , with guides. I'm always too shy for groups. But viewing the aurora is a peculiar undertaking, something best done in very cold places at night, 34． cities, in an environment that doesn't 35． the solo traveler.
21．A．bathing B．eating C．booking D．dressing
22．A．formal B．fancy C．identical D．distinct
23．A．hopeful B．thankful C．careful D．regretful
24．A．turns back B．drives through C．breaks down D．pulls up
25．A．shifting B．stepping C．sliding D．shaking
26．A．escape B．lift C．faint D．appear
27．A．refuse B．reform C．imagine D．predict
28．A．promises B．decisions C．statements D．arrangements
29．A．high B．unrealistic C．low D．great
30．A．runs B．divides C．grows D．absorbs
31．A．tourists B．photos C．dirt D．snow
32．A．brush B．blanket C．hand D．desire
33．A．wonders B．packs C．boots D．pairs
34．A．around B．beyond C．in between D．far from
35．A．comprise B．surprise C．punish D．reward
七、第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2025高二上·杭州期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容。一个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Scientists have discovered the remains of 36． appears to be an ancient sheep-drawn chariot (战车) near the famous Terracotta Army in the western tomb of Emperor Qin Shi Huang. The main structure of the chariot has likely rotted (腐烂) away after 37． (spend) more than 2,000 years in the ground but researchers did find a row of six sheep skeletons (骨架) wearing attachments used for pulling a chariot, so they 38． (infer) this was a sheep-drawn chariot.
Horse-drawn chariots were common in ancient China, but a sheep-drawn chariot is 39． extremely rare find. The founder of the Western Jin Dynasty, Emperor Wu, or Sima Yan, who ruled from 266 to 290CE, is said 40． (ride) in a sheep-drawn carriage around his palace complex every night and would sleep wherever the sheep stopped. Researchers hope laboratory 41． (analyze) on the western tomb's burial chamber, which is currently underway, will help them determine who was buried there.
In addition to the six-sheep chariot, scientists unearthed a four-wheeled 42． (wood) chariot, probably drawn by horses, 43． (equip) with a fancy umbrella. It is the oldest of 44． (it) type ever found. They also found a wealth of iron tools and weapons, providing new insight into the period 45． iron tools first began to appear.
八、第一节 (满分15分)
46．（2025高二上·杭州期末）假定你是李华，你所在的团队成功晋级校级英语辩论赛决赛。请你向指导你们的外教Peter写一封感谢信，内容包括：
1. 感谢指导；
2. 比赛经历；
3. 成员表现。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
九、第二节 (满分25分)
47．（2025高二上·杭州期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I stood in the restaurant kitchen, my eyes wide, arms hanging awkwardly, ready to work but unsure of what to do. "You will be trained first," my manager Aaron said, "and do remember to check every detail!" With these words, he walked away.
A workmate threw me a dish brush and said, "Let's get started." He introduced me to the basics of washing dishes and demonstrated the process. This was the beginning of my part-time job, a new stage where I was both eager to learn and anxious about the challenges ahead.
On a Friday night, Aaron swiftly entered the kitchen. "Who has just bused (收拾) the back right table " he shouted, his voice sharp with urgency. My hands, slippery with bubbles from the bowl I was washing, nearly let it slip through my fingers. I wanted to say I was guilty, but Aaron's cold stare didn't promise a happy reward for the guy who admitted. Finally, a mix of fear and my own conscience pushed the response out of my mouth.
"I did, Aaron."
"What were you thinking Get back out here and look at what you missed!" His words forced me forward. I grabbed a rag (抹布) and followed him out to table twenty-two. As we made our way through the restaurant, he said something about rags, but I didn't hear clearly with other conversations going on around us.
I quickly realized the true issue was the mess beneath the table. A nearly full cup of beer had tipped over, creating a small lake on the floor. It was a significant mistake on my part. "Take care of it!" Aaron tuned and stormed off to the front of the restaurant.
I dropped down to clean up the beer. That was when another problem occurred. I had brought only one rag. One already wet rag. It did nothing but increase the size of the lake. "More rags," I thought. Immediately, I rushed into the kitchen and hurriedly grabbed five dry rags, hoping Aaron wouldn't notice my brief absence.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I had just rushed out when I found Aaron standing in my way.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After cleaning up the mess, I reflected on Aaron's words.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案解析部分
【答案】1．A
2．B
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；学习教育类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了平均学分绩点（GPA）的概念、计算方式和大学课程不及格的后果。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。
1．推理判断题。根据文章中的"What is a GPA (什么是平均学分绩点？)""How to calculate a GPA (如何计算平均学分绩点？)""What are the consequences of failing college courses (大学课程不及格的后果是什么？)"以及全文内容可知，这篇文章介绍了大学用来确定学生是否达到学术标准的评价准则——GPA，并介绍了GPA的计算方法及课程不及格的后果，应该选自学术课程指南。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据"How to calculate a GPA "下面的"Divide the total number of grade points by the total credit hours and you get the GPA.(把总分除以总学时，你就得到了平均绩点。)"并结合表格内容可知，Jane Smith的所有课程中，总分是33，总学时是11，33÷11=3，所以她的GPA是3。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据"What are the consequences of failing college courses "下面的"Every failing grade (F) significantly impacts your GPA for that academic year, limiting clubs, organizations and program choices, as competitive programs require top GPAs.(每一个不及格的分数（F）都会显著影响你在该学年的GPA，限制俱乐部、组织和项目选择，因为竞争性项目需要顶尖的GPA。)"可知，如果你在大学得了一个F的打分，你的选择将会受限制。故选C。
【答案】4．D
5．A
6．B
7．C
【知识点】细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；旅游观光类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海勒姆·方如何打造了瓦胡岛最令人印象深刻的园艺景点之一。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，段落大意题和主旨大意题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做段落大意题时，注意确定主题句，主题句是段落中表达主要观点或思想的句子，通常位于段落的开头或结尾，偶尔也会出现在段落中间。由于主题句往往出现在段落的首尾，因此仔细阅读段落的首尾句是快速把握段落大意的有效方法。段落中的转折词和总结性语言常用来引入新的观点或总结段落内容，对理解段落大意至关重要。在理解段落信息的基础上，用简洁的语言概括段落的主要内容。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段"Before working in politics, Fong paid his own way through Harvard Law School and, upon graduating helped found and run a law firm. Fong eventually led several companies, all the while, gardening was his escape.(在从政之前，方自费通过哈佛法学院学习，毕业后帮助创办并经营了一家律师事务所。方最终领导了几家公司，一直以来，园艺是他逃避现实的方式)"可知，为了暂时脱离现实，方开始从事园艺。故选D。
5．段落大意题。根据第三段"After he retired from politics in 1977, Fong continued to be in charge of his companies, but he focused on gardening, personally importing and planting countless species of plants. Eventually, he divided his land into five gardens, each one named after a US president who had served while Fong was a senator. The Eisenhower Plateau is dedicated to native Chinese plants, such as the Hong Kong orchid tree and the Java plum. The Johnson Plateau features foreign fruits. Kennedy Valley supports ginger and palms from all over the world. Nixon Valley abounds with flowers while the Ford Plateau highlights hillsides of pili grasses.(1977年退出政坛后，方先生继续掌管自己的公司，但他专注于园艺，亲自进口和种植了无数种植物。最终，他把他的土地分成了五个花园，每个花园都以一位美国总统的名字命名，而他是参议员。艾森豪威尔高原是中国本土植物的栖息地，比如香港的兰树和爪哇的梅树。约翰逊高原以外国水果为特色。肯尼迪谷出产来自世界各地的姜和棕榈。尼克松谷到处都是鲜花，而福特高原则突出了山腰上的毛缕草)"可知，第三段主要讲述了方对园艺的进一步投入和方对公司的管理。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段"Until his death in 2004 at ninety-seven. Fong spent every weekend tending to his flowers and trees and associating with visitors. He considered gardening a contributing reason for his long and healthy life.(直到2004年去世，享年97岁。每个周末，方都在照料他的花草树木，并与客人交往。他认为园艺是他健康长寿的一个重要原因)"可知，方认为园艺是他健康长寿的一个重要原因。故选B。
7．主旨大意题。根据第二段"In 1950, Fong purchased more than 700 acres of land on Oahu, above Kaneohe Bay. Wanting to experiment with growing fruit, he planted banana, then papaya, lemon, jackfruit, and avocado. By also choosing to plant crops such as bamboo, coconut, betel nut, and turmeric, he broadened the types of plants in his garden and developed a landscape reminding people of Hawaii hundreds of years ago.(1950年，方在瓦胡岛卡内奥赫湾上方购买了700多英亩的土地。为了尝试种植水果，他先种了香蕉，然后是木瓜、柠檬、菠萝蜜和鳄梨。他还选择种植竹子、椰子、槟榔、姜黄等作物，拓宽了花园中植物的种类，创造了一个让人想起数百年前夏威夷的景观)"以及第三段"After he retired from politics in 1977, Fong continued to be in charge of his companies, but he focused on gardening, personally importing and planting countless species of plants.(1977年退出政坛后，方先生继续掌管自己的公司，但他专注于园艺，亲自进口和种植了无数种植物)"和最后一段的"Until his death in 2004 at ninety-seven. Fong spent every weekend tending to his flowers and trees and associating with visitors.(直到2004年去世，享年97岁。每个周末，方都在照料他的花草树木，并与客人交往)"可知，作者通过讲述海勒姆·方打造自己花园的经过，无论什么时候，不管是从政还是经商的时候，方先生都会抽出时间来经营自己的花园。由此推知，作者想要表述没有热情成就不了任何伟大的事业。故选C。
【答案】8．B
9．D
10．C
11．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；社会文化类；议论文；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕同伴压力的积极影响展开，强调理解同伴压力要关注其科学过程而非仅聚焦消极面，呼吁探索利用其积极力量的方法。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题，词义猜测题和标题选择题四种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。 利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易 利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。做标题选择题时，注意关注首尾句，首尾句往往包含段落或文章的核心信息，是判断标题是否准确的重要依据。利用关键词，文章中的关键词汇、短语或句子往往与标题有紧密联系，可以通过关键词汇的匹配来缩小选择范围。语境理解，理解文章的整体语境和作者的态度倾向，有助于准确把握文章的主旨和标题的选择方向。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段"The negative nature of peer pressure (同伴压力) is often presented without question. The undesirable effect of peer pressure cannot be denied, but is it also possible that peer pressure might not entirely deserve its bad reputation Could peer pressure also have positive effects on the personal development and behavior of young people A look at the scientific literature reveals exactly that peer pressure is not always a force for the dark side.(同伴压力的消极本质常常被人们不假思索地认定。同伴压力带来的不良影响是不可否认的，但有没有可能同伴压力并不完全应得它的坏名声呢？同伴压力是否也能对年轻人的个人发展和行为产生积极影响呢？查阅一下科学文献就会发现，同伴压力并不总是一股邪恶的力量。)"可知，作者先指出同伴压力的消极性常被毫无疑问地呈现，其不良影响不可否认，接着提出两个关于同伴压力的问题，即同伴压力是否不应完全背负坏名声，以及它是否对年轻人的个人发展和行为有积极影响。作者提出这两个问题，是为了让读者思考同伴压力是否只有消极影响，是否也存在积极的一面，鼓励读者对同伴压力进行更深入的反思。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段"Imagine a situation: student X has always enjoyed playing the guitar but is lazy and unmotivated. Although initially unwilling, she is persuaded to join a school band. The group of students is preparing for a performance and the existing members are enthusiastic, focused and hardworking. Gradually, student X is caught up in the spirit of the band and before long she is willingly making the same commitment of time and effort so they can achieve a common goal.(设想这样一种情况：学生X一直喜欢弹吉他，但她很懒惰，缺乏动力。起初她并不愿意，但在别人的劝说下加入了学校乐队。乐队里的学生们正在为一场演出做准备，现有的成员都充满热情、专注且勤奋。渐渐地，学生X被乐队的精神所感染，没过多久，她就心甘情愿地投入同样多的时间和精力，以便大家能够实现一个共同的目标。)"以及第三段"If student X does not inform to the established culture of the band, she risks rejection. Todispel tension, student X changes her habits and increases the amount of time and energy she devotes to practice.(如果学生X不融入乐队已有的文化氛围，她就有可能被排斥。为了消除这种紧张感，学生X改变了自己的习惯，增加了用于练习的时间和精力。)"可知，学生X加入的是乐队，且之前弹吉他比较懒惰缺乏动力，现在为了融入乐队要增加投入练习的时间和精力，也就是在弹吉他上投入更多精力。故选D。
10．词义猜测题。根据第四段"If student X does not inform to the established culture of the band, she risks rejection. To dispel tension, student X changes her habits and increases the amount of time and energy she devotes to practice.(如果学生X不融入乐队已有的文化氛围，她就有可能被排斥。为了……这种紧张感，学生X改变了自己的习惯，增加了用于练习的时间和精力。)"可知，学生X为了避免被排斥，通过改变习惯和增加练习投入来消除紧张感。划线单词和"消除"意思一致。选项C"remove"意为"消除"，与此相符。故选C。
11．标题选择题。通读文章可知，文章开篇指出同伴压力的消极性常被认定，但其不良影响虽不可否认，接着通过提问同伴压力是否不应完全背负坏名声、是否有积极影响引出话题。随后以学生X加入乐队为例，阐述了同伴压力的积极作用，还从心理学角度解释了其起作用的过程。最后强调理解同伴压力要关注其科学过程而非仅聚焦消极面，应探索利用其积极力量的方法。整体文章强调同伴压力不只是有消极的一面，不应只给它贴上负面标签。选项C"Peer Pressure: Beyond the Negative Label(同伴压力：超越负面标签)"准确地概括了文章主旨，强调要突破对同伴压力仅有的负面认知，看到其积极的可能性。故选C。
【答案】12．D
13．A
14．A
15．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；新闻报道类；记叙文；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了2024年诺贝尔奖将奖项授予人工智能领域引发的学术争议，物理学界对机器学习是否属于物理学的质疑，化学奖对AI工具实用价值的肯定，以及诺贝尔奖评选标准中实用性与理论性平衡的探讨。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和主旨大意题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段"Several physicists argued that the science underlying machine learning was not actually physics. "I like machine learning and artificial neural networks as much as the next person, but it's hard to see that this is a physics discovery." Jonathan Pritchard, an astrophysicist at Imperial College London(一些物理学家认为，机器学习背后的科学实际上并非物理学。伦敦帝国理工学院的天体物理学家Jonathan Pritchard表示："我和其他人一样喜欢机器学习和人工神经网络，但很难将其视为一项物理学发现。")."可知，Jonathan Pritchard作为几位物理学家之一，认为机器学习背后的科学实际上不是物理学，他觉得很难将其视为一项物理学发现。也就是说，他就该成果在物理学奖这一分类上提出了质疑。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段""Hopfield and Hinton's research brought together physics, math, computer science and neuroscience," said Matt Strassler, a theoretical physicist at Harvard University, "In that sense, it belongs to all of these fields."(哈佛大学的理论物理学家Matt Strassler说："Hopfield和Hinton的研究融合了物理学、数学、计算机科学和神经科学。从这个意义上说，它属于所有这些领域。")"可知，佛大学的理论物理学家Matt Strassler认为Hopfield和Hinton的研究融合了物理学、数学、计算机科学和神经科学。也就是说，他们的研究融合了多个领域的知识。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段""It wasn't just that we went to work, pressed the AI button, and then all went home," Jumper said. "It was really an iterative (迭代的)process where we developed, we did research, we tried to find the right kind of combinations between what the community understood about proteins and how we build those insights into our architecture."(Jumper说："并不是说我们去工作，按下人工智能按钮，然后就都回家了。这确实是一个迭代的过程，在这个过程中我们不断发展，进行研究，努力在科学界对蛋白质的理解以及我们如何将这些见解融入我们的架构之间找到合适的组合方式。")"可知，Jumper表示他们的成果并非只是简单地使用人工智能，而是一个迭代的过程，在这个过程中他们不断发展、研究，试图找到关于蛋白质的已有认知和如何将这些见解融入架构之间的正确组合方式。这强调了人工智能驱动的迭代研究过程对他们取得成就的重要性。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇指出 2024 年诺贝尔奖在物理学奖和化学奖方面肯定了人工智能的变革性力量，接着讲述了不同人对将与人工智能相关的成果授予诺贝尔奖的不同看法，包括一些物理学家的质疑以及其他人对这些成果的解释，还提到了化学奖得主关于他们利用人工智能取得成果的过程的阐述，最后强调诺贝尔奖常常重视研究对社会的影响，今年的奖项也不例外。整体围绕今年诺贝尔奖如何体现人工智能的作用展开讨论。选项B"How do this year's Nobels reflect AI's role (今年的诺贝尔奖如何体现人工智能的作用？)"准确地概括了文章的主要内容，文章从多个方面阐述了今年诺贝尔奖在对人工智能相关成果的认可等方面如何体现其作用。故选B。
【答案】16．D；17．C；18．G；19．E；20．F
【知识点】说明文；七选五；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出了英国图书馆陷入了困境，接连倒闭了许多家，并且政府投入到图书馆的经费也削减了近一半。文章通过强调图书馆的各种有意义的功能和不可或缺的作用，向公众呼吁用更多的资金来支持图书馆。备选项的中文意思：
A. 你能做些什么来帮助重新开放图书馆呢？
B. 但对其长期前景的担忧依然存在。
C. 但让它们成为神奇之地的不仅仅是书籍。
D. 与此同时，自2010年以来，图书馆的资金投入减少了一半。
E. 你甚至可以在那里待上一整天而不用买一杯茶。
F. 然而，如果有足够的资源，它们可以帮助缓解两方面的压力。
G. 还有哪里能让你免费参加手工工坊、玩乐高积木和参加作家活动呢？
【点评】考查任务型阅读（七选五）。解题技巧如下：1. 看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。2. 首先快速浏览一遍几个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。3. 精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。4. 看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语。实现关键词的对接，先易后难，各个突破。此外要通过句子的逻辑关系或句子的标点来判断该句在文章的位置。5. 解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如表示转折关系的but，though, however 等。6. 做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。
16．根据前文"British libraries are in crisis—again. The UK has lost one in 20 since 2016, with 180 closed in that time, a BBC investigation has revealed. The most disadvantaged areas are around four times more likely to lose a library than the richest.(英国图书馆再次陷入危机。BBC的一项调查显示，自2016年以来，英国每20家就有一家倒闭，其中180家倒闭。最贫困地区失去图书馆的可能性是最富裕地区的四倍。)" 可知，空前讲述的是图书馆陷入困境的现状，因此D选项"Meanwhile, funding for libraries has halved since 2010. (与此同时，自2010年以来，图书馆的资金投入减少了一半。)"可知，承接上文内容，继续说明陷入的困境，符合语境，并且与最后一段的最后一句"They need on-going and considerable funding(他们需要持续和大量的资金。)"呼吁公众来资助图书馆相呼应。故选D。
17．根据前文"As the educational achievement gap between children from the richest and poorest backgrounds has grown post-COVID, the role that libraries can play in improving the ability to read and stimulating a love of reading couldn't be more vital.(新冠肺炎疫情后，随着最富裕和最贫困背景的儿童之间的教育成就差距越来越大，图书馆在提高阅读能力和激发对阅读的热爱方面所能发挥的作用至关重要。)"提到图书馆在提高阅读能力和激发对阅读的热爱方面所能发挥的作用至关重要。以及空后"The Children's Laureate (荣誉获得者), Frank Cottrell Boyce, stressed their importance for "human contact".(儿童奖得主弗兰克·科特雷尔·博伊斯强调了它们对"人类接触"的重要性。)"可知，图书馆还有除了阅读识字方面以外的其他功能。此处需要有转折，将话题转至图书馆其他的作用，因此选择C项"But it is not just books that make them magical places.( 但让它们成为神奇之地的不仅仅是书籍。)可知，符合此推断，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选C。
18．根据下文"The activities offer desperately needed company to isolated parents, as well as inspirations for children.(这些活动为孤立的父母提供了迫切需要的陪伴，也为孩子们提供了灵感。)"提到这些活动的意义。结合G选项"Where else can you find craft workshops, Lego, and author events, all for free (还有哪里能让你免费参加手工工坊、玩乐高积木和参加作家活动呢？)"可知，和下文内容紧密连接，下文中的The activities指的就是空格处提到的活动，符合语境。故选G。
19．根据前文"What's more, if you don't have access to the Internet or a printer, if you struggle with English or can't keep warm in winter, libraries are not simply somewhere to borrow books.(更重要的是，如果你没有互联网或打印机，如果你努力学习英语或在冬天不能保暖，图书馆不仅仅是借书的地方。)"以及后文的"Above all"开始讲图书馆其他的好处可知，此空还在接着前文的话题在讲述图书馆的优点，因此E选项"You can even spend a whole day there without buying a cup of tea.(你甚至可以在那里待上一整天而不用买一杯茶。)"可知，符合此推断，起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选E。
20．根据前文"Despite all these benefits, funding for libraries is never a priority, defeated by the more urgent demands of healthcare and schools.(尽管有这些好处，但图书馆的资金从来都不是优先考虑的问题，医疗保健和学校的资金需求更为迫切。)"讲述尽管图书馆有这么多的好处，但由于有医疗保健以及学校等更为紧迫的需求，资助图书馆永远不是优先事项。后文的"that message"的指代对象应该也是资助图书馆，而且在所选择的句子中必然会出现，因此选项F项"However, properly resourced, they can help relieve the pressures on both.(然而，如果有足够的资源，它们可以帮助缓解两方面的压力。)"可知，起到上下文的承上启下作用，F选项中的"both"也与上文的"healthcare and schools"相呼应。故选F。
【答案】21．D；22．C；23．A；24．D；25．A；26．B；27．D；28．A；29．C；30．C；31．D；32．A；33．B；34．D；35．D
【知识点】名词辨析；形容词的词义辨析；动词的词义辨析；旅游观光类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者跟团去看极光的经历。
【点评】考查完形填空。首先要通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺失的单词的含义，最后对选项进行对比分析，选出正确选项。完形填空旨在测试学生的语言综合运用能力。一些实用的解题策略如下。一、通读全文，把握大意。在开始答题之前，应先通读全文，了解文章的主题和大致内容。这样有助于理解作者的意图，把握文章的整体思路，为后续的填空选择提供正确的方向。二、仔细分析，逐一排查。对于每一个空，要仔细分析所给的选项，逐一排查，选出最符合文意的答案。通常情况下，完形填空中会有几个空白需要填写形容词、副、名词等，要注意所填的词要与句子前后内容相符。三、结合上下文，理解语义。有时候仅从一个空所在的句子很难确定正确的答案，这时需要结合上下文，理解整体的语义环境。通过对前后的语境分析，确定一个合理的答案。四、注意语法结构。完形填空中涉及的语法知识较多，如时态、语态、词性等。在选择答案时，要仔细考虑语法结构是否正确。
21．句意：当我穿好衣服走出去的时候，已经是晚上9点了。A. bathing沐浴；B. eating吃；C. booking预定；D. dressing穿衣服。根据后文"and walked out, it's 9 p.m."可知，他们要去看极光，所以是穿好衣服出门。故选D。
22．句意：要找到我的团队并不难，因为他们已经在等着了，穿着行李箱大小的相同的黑色极地靴子。A. formal正式的；B. fancy幻想的；C. identical同样的；D. distinct清楚的。根据上文"It's not hard to find my group"以及后文"black polar boots the size of a trunk."可知，队友都穿着统一的黑色极地靴子等着。故选C。
23．句意："但你永远不会知道，所以我们仍然充满希望。"A. hopeful有希望的；B. thankful感谢的；C. careful仔细的；D. regretful后悔的。根据上文"But you never know, so we will still be"可知，天气是未知的，所以还是有希望看到极光的。故选A。
24．句意：大约20分钟后，巴士在极光村停了下来，极光村是一个冰湖边的小型建筑集群。A. turns back返回；B. drives through驶过；C. breaks down出故障；D. pulls up停车。根据后文"Getting off the bus"可知，巴士在极光村停了下来。故选D。
25．句意：下了公共汽车，我忍不住换脚。A. shifting变换；B. stepping踏步；C. sliding滑动；D. shaking摇晃。根据后文"from foot to foot"可知，此处指作者因为寒冷在原地站不住，忍不住来回换脚。故选A。
26．句意：几分钟后，云消散了。A. escape逃走；B. lift消散；C. faint晕倒；D. appear出现。根据""Is that it " someone asks, pointing at a small dome of brightness on the horizon.("那是吗？"有人指着地平线上的一个发光的小型穹顶问道)"可知，有人看到了极光，说明云消散了。故选B。
27．句意：极光是一种很美却又难以预测的现象，全年都会发生，相关的旅游业就依靠由旅游网站刺激产生的高期待值在运作。A. refuse拒绝；B. reform改革；C. imagine想象；D. predict预测。由后文"However, thousands of enhanced photos of emerald-green and ruby-red arcs (弧线) make false 8 ."可知，许多的极光照片让人们对于这种现象产生向往甚至慕名而来，但是否出现是极光是难以预测的。故选D。
28．句意：然而，成千上万张翡翠绿色和红宝石红色弧线的增强照片做出了虚假的承诺。A. promises承诺；B. decisions决定；C. statements陈述；D. arrangements安排。根据上文"enhanced photos of emerald-green and ruby-red arcs make false"可知，因为旅游的照片都是增强过的，所以是虚假的承诺。故选A。
29．句意：所以我试着把自己的期待值放低。A. high高的；B. unrealistic不现实的；C. low低的；D. great伟大的。根据上文"So I've tried to keep my own expectations"可知，作者认识到了照片具有欺骗性，所以尽量降低自己的期望值。故选C。
30．句意：然而，过了大约20分钟后，一片云变成了一条美丽的白色弧线，横跨天空，越来越亮，最后变成了一条珍珠河。A. runs奔跑；B. divides分开；C. grows成长，变成；D. absorbs吸收。根据后文"into a fine white"可知，这里指一片云变成了一条美丽的白色弧线，应用grow into。故选C。
31．句意：我和Céline躺在一堆雪上，看着发光的轨迹像画家的画笔一样划过天空。A. tourists游客；B. photos照片；C. dirt泥土；D. snow雪。根据上文"a collection of small buildings beside a frozen lake"可知，极光村在一片结冰的湖旁边，显然天气寒冷，他们是躺在雪堆上面。故选D。
32．句意：我和Céline躺在一堆雪上，看着发光的轨迹像画家的画笔一样划过天空。A. brush画笔；B. blanket毯子；C. hand手；D. desire渴望。根据上文"like a painter's"可知，这是把极光的轨迹比喻成画家的画笔。故选A。
33．句意：我通常不会做这种事：带着导游结伴旅行。A. wonders奇迹；B. packs包；C. boots靴子；D. pairs对，副。根据后文"I'm always too shy for groups."可知，作者羞于参加集体活动，此处通常不会做的事应指结伴旅行（travel in packs）。故选B。
34．句意：但观赏极光是一件特别的事，最好赶在一个极寒之地的夜晚，远离城市，处在一种无法给独自旅行的人带来回报的环境中。A. around围绕；B. beyond超过；C. in between在中间；D. far from远离。由前文"After about 20 minutes, the bus 4 at Aurora (极光) Village"可知，作者是坐公交二十分钟到了极光村来观赏极光的，显然这里要表达远离城市才能看到极光。故选D。
35．句意：但观赏极光是一件特别的事，最好赶在一个极寒之地的夜晚，远离城市，处在一种无法给独自旅行的人带来回报的环境中。A. comprise包括；B. surprise使惊喜；C. punish惩罚；D. reward奖励。根据上文"But viewing the aurora is a peculiar undertaking"中but表示转折，结合上文作者结伴去看极光的经历可知，在作者看来，观赏极光不适合单独一个人，也就是说并不能给独自旅行的人带来回报。故选D。
【答案】36．what；37．spending；38．inferred；39．an；40．to have ridden；41．analysis；42．wooden；43．equipped；44．its；45．when
【知识点】动名词；一般过去时；宾语从句的连接词；说明文；社会历史类；an；analysis；equip；infer；its；spend；what；when；wooden
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家在秦始皇陵西侧陵墓附近发现疑似古代羊拉战车遗迹，还出土了四轮木战车等，研究有助于了解当时情况。
【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及宾语从句，非谓语动词，时态，冠词，名词，形容词，代词以及定语从句等多个知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。语法填空实用解题策略如下。一、分析句子结构。在面对语法填空题时，首先要做的是分析句子的结构。观察句子中的主语、谓语、宾语等主要成分，以及是否有从句、非谓语动词等复杂结构。通过理解句子结构，可以更好地把握填空处所需的词性和功能。二、确定词性变化。根据句子结构和语境，确定填空处所需的词性。然后，根据语法规则，考虑所需的词性是否需要进行变化，如名词的单复数、动词的时态和语态、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级等。确保所填词汇在语法上与句子其他部分相匹配。三、牢记固定搭配。英语中存在大量的固定搭配和短语，这些搭配在语法填空题中经常出现。因此，需要牢记常见的固定搭配和短语，以便在解题时能够迅速识别并正确填空。四、注意时态语态。时态和语态是英语语法填空的重要考点。在解题时，要注意根据句子的语境和上下文，判断所需动词的时态和语态。同时，也要注意时态和语态的一致性，确保所填词汇与句子的时态和语态相符。五、理解上下文语境。语境对于语法填空题的解答至关重要。通过理解句子的上下文，可以更好地理解填空处所需的词汇和语法结构。因此，在解题时，要仔细阅读句子的前后文，把握句子的整体意义，以便更好地填空。
36．句意：科学家在秦始皇陵西侧陵墓附近著名的兵马俑附近发现了似乎是古代羊拉战车的遗迹。"____1____ appears to be an ancient sheep drawn chariot"作介词of的宾语，是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示"(似乎是……的)事物"，用连接代词what引导该从句。故填what。
37．句意：战车的主体结构在地下埋藏了2000多年后可能已经腐烂，但研究人员确实发现了一排六具带着拉战车附件的羊骨架，所以他们推断这是一辆羊拉战车。spend，花费，动词。after是介词，后面接动名词spending作宾语。故填spending。
38．句意：战车的主体结构在地下埋藏了2000多年后可能已经腐烂，但研究人员确实发现了一排六具带着拉战车附件的羊骨架，所以他们推断这是一辆羊拉战车。infer，推断，动词。空处是分句谓语动词，与主语they之间是主动关系，根据语境可知，研究人员作出推断是已经发生的事情，用一般过去时态，谓语动词用过去式inferred。故填inferred。
39．句意：在中国古代，马拉战车很常见，但羊拉战车是极其罕见的发现。find在这里是可数名词，意为"一件发现物"，泛指，且extremely是发音以元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
40．句意：据说西晋开国皇帝武帝司马炎(公元266年至290年在位)每晚都坐着羊拉的马车在他的宫殿建筑群里转悠，羊停在哪里他就在哪里睡觉。ride，骑/乘坐/驾驭，动词。sb. is said to do是固定用法，表示"据说某人做……"，动作ride发生在谓语动词is said 之前，应用不定式的完成式to have ridden。故填to have ridden。
41．句意：研究人员希望目前正在对西侧陵墓墓室进行的实验室分析将有助于他们确定里面埋葬的是谁。 analyze，分析，动词。 提示词在句中作主语，用名词analysis，意为"分析"，单指对西侧陵墓墓室进行的实验室的分析，用单数形式。故填analysis。
42．句意：除了六羊战车，科学家还出土了一辆四轮木战车，可能是马拉的，配备了一把华丽的雨伞。wood， 木材/木头/树林/林地，名词。提示词修饰名词chariot，用形容词wooden作定语，意为"木制的"。故填wooden。
43．句意：除了六羊战车，科学家还出土了一辆四轮木战车，可能是马拉的，配备了一把华丽的雨伞。 equip ，装备，动词。"____8____ (equip) with a fancy umbrella"作后置定语，equip(装备，配备)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语chariot之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填equipped。
44．句意：这是迄今为止发现的同类中最古老的。it，它，主格/宾格。根据语境可知，这里指四轮木战车这一类型，提示词修饰名词type，用形容词性物主代词its作定语，意为"它的"。故填its。
45．句意：他们还发现了大量的铁制工具和武器，为铁器首次出现的时期提供了新的见解。"____10____ iron tools first began to appear"是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the period，关系词将其代入从句中作时间状语，表示"在这段时期"，用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。
46．【答案】Dear Peter,
I'm writing to express our sincere gratitude for your guidance. Thanks to your help, our team has successfully advanced to the final of the school English debate competition.
During the competition, we encountered various challenges. For instance, we had to quickly respond to the opponents' sharp arguments, but your advice and strategies helped us stay calm and confident.
All team members performed excellently, making full use of the skills you taught us. We worked together, supported each other and made full use of the skills you taught us.
Once again, thank you so much.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份写一封信给Peter，就他指导自己所在团队成功晋级校级英语辩论赛决赛一事表达感谢。写作背景：李华所在团队因为外教Peter的指导成功晋级校级英语辩论赛决赛。内容包括：1. 阐述写作目的并表达感谢；2. 叙述比赛经历以及成员表现；3.表达感谢 。注意：1. 时态为一般现在时和一般过去时；2.注意不要遗漏写作要点，详略得当，可适当拓展，突出写作重点；3. 注意语句表达规范流畅，逻辑正确，条理清晰，语义连贯；4. 不能使用真实的名称；5. 写作词数为80个左右。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使作文显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇书面表达表达上要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用了一定数量的句式结构，让句子表达更加生动传神，同时使用了较多的高级词汇和固定短语，提高了文章的档次，体现了对英语书面表达熟练的驾驭能力。例如：I'm writing to express our sincere gratitude for your guidance. (运用了动词不定式作目的状语)；For instance, we had to quickly respond to the opponents' sharp arguments, but your advice and strategies helped us stay calm and confident.（运用了but连接的并列句）；All team members performed excellently, making full use of the skills you taught us.（运用了现在分词短语作状语）；We worked together, supported each other and made full use of the skills you taught us.（运用了省略了that/which引导的定语从句）。
47．【答案】I had just rushed out when I found Aaron standing in my way. "What's up" he asked sharply, his eyes fixed on me. Feeling the weight of my mistake, I stammered nervously, "I need dry rags...to...clean..." Upon hearing this, Aaron let out a heavy sigh. "You should have checked every detail," he remarked, a hint of disappointment in his voice. "This job isn't just about reacting, it's also about being careful. Now, go clean that up!" Avoiding his gaze, I dashed towards table twenty-two. With an ample supply of rags, I threw myself into the task, tirelessly mopping, scrubbing, and wiping.
After cleaning up the mess, I reflected on Aaron's words. They were sharp but absolutely right. My inexperience and initial anxiety in this new job had led me to overlook crucial details, and I should have been more mindful of my work. Taking a deep breath, I returned to my duties, bearing Aaron's words in mind. With very dish washed and every table cleared, I made sure to double-check my work. Everything went well and soon I realized this carefulness would not just apply to cleaning; it would influence every aspect of my job, preparing me to embrace any challenge with responsibility and confidence.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，本文讲述了作者刚入职一家餐馆，经理Aaron要求作者检查每一个细节，但是一天作者因为粗心没有收拾好桌子，当他准备再次准备收拾时，发现自己拿的抹布不够，又再次回去拿抹布，被Aaron再次提醒要注意细节，此次事件让作者明白工作中细心的重要性。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"我刚冲出去，就发现亚伦挡了我的路。"可知，第一段可描写作者不细心的情况再次被Aaron看到，以及Aaron对作者的再次告诫。②由第二段首句内容"收拾完残局后，我回想起亚伦的话。"可知，第二段可描写作者通过这次事件，获得的感悟。
写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】该续写部分紧密承接前文，在"我"匆忙拿干抹布冲出去时遇到经理Aaron这一情节基础上展开。第一段描述了与Aaron的对话，Aaron指出"我"的错误并再次强调要注意细节，接着"我"认真清理污渍；第二段写"我"反思Aaron的话，意识到细节的重要性并在后续工作中践行，情节发展自然流畅，符合逻辑。语言简洁明了，没有过多的修饰，但能够准确地表达出人物的情感和情节的发展。文中有一些好的词句，例如：With very dish washed and every table cleared, I made sure to double-check my work.运用了with的复合结构；Everything went well and soon I realized this carefulness would not just apply to cleaning; it would influence every aspect of my job, preparing me to embrace any challenge with responsibility and confidence.运用了省略that的宾语从句。
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