UNIT 2 课时作业(二)
(分值:50 分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.When we returned to the school,we found a stranger (stand) at the entrance.
2.I saw her (question) by the police.
3.With the boy (lead) the way,we found the hidden waterfall with ease.
4.The weather (be) fine,thus we went out for a walk.
5.When I came in,I saw Linda (whisper) to her deskmate Amy.
6.When I walked into the office,I found a lot of people (discuss) the project.
7.After a knock at the door,the child heard his mother’s voice (call) him.
8.His father died (leave) him a lot of money.
9.He lay on the grass (stare) at the sky for a long time.
10.I won’t have you (run) about in the room.
【答案】 1.standing 2.being questioned 3.leading 4.being 5.whispering 6.discussing
7.calling 8.leaving 9.staring 10.running
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1. (听到这个意外的消息),she covered her mouth in disbelief.
2. (不理解这个问题),he asked the teacher about it.
3.I felt someone (在拍我的肩膀).
4.The old man returned from abroad and (发现他的家乡变了) beyond recognition.
5. (走在大街上),I met an old friend of mine.
【答案】 1.Hearing the unexpected news 2.Not understanding this problem 3.patting me on the shoulder 4.found his hometown changed 5.Walking in the street
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
There’s something satisfying about volunteering.Studies have shown that volunteering helps people who donate their time feel more socially connected,thus warding off loneliness and depression.But a growing body of evidence suggests that people who give their time to others might also be rewarded with better physical health,including lower blood pressure and a longer lifespan.
Evidence of volunteerism’s physical effects can be found in a study from Carnegie Mellon University,published in Psychology and Aging.Adults over age 50 who volunteered on a regular basis were less likely to develop high blood pressure than non-volunteers.High blood pressure is an important indicator of health because it contributes to heart disease,stroke,and premature death.
It’s impossible for this study to prove that volunteering was directly responsible for the lower blood pressure.People who volunteer may be more likely to do other things,like eating a healthy diet or doing exercise,which lower blood pressure.But the results are in line with other findings on the topic.
How might volunteering contribute to lower blood pressure Performing volunteer work could increase physical activity among people who aren’t otherwise very active,says leading study author Rodlescia Sneed,a doctoral candidate in social and health psychology at Carnegie Mellon University.It may also reduce stress.“Many people find volunteer work helpful with respect to stress reduction,and we know that stress is very strongly linked to health outcomes,” she says.
A study in the journal Health Psychology found that participants who volunteered with some regularity lived longer,but only if their intentions were truly altruistic.In other words,
they had to be volunteering to help others—not to make themselves feel better.
The Greek philosopher Aristotle once guessed that the essence of life is “To serve others and do good.” If recent research is any indication,serving others might also be the essence of good health.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章阐述了志愿活动对人的身心都有好处这一现象,并分析了其背后的原因。
( )1.Which can replace the underlined phrase “warding off” in Paragraph 1
[A]Getting rid of.
[B]Keeping up with.
[C]Running out of.
[D]Putting up with.
【答案】 A
【解析】 猜测短语题。根据画线短语前文“Studies have shown that volunteering helps people who donate their time feel more socially connected”可知,志愿活动帮助那些奉献时间的人感受到更多的社会联系,从而帮助他们摆脱孤独和抑郁。由此可知,画线短语意为“摆脱”。故选A。
( )2.Why does the author mention the study from Carnegie Mellon University
[A]To prove the benefit of volunteering to health.
[B]To find out volunteerism’s physical effects on heart.
[C]To explain the connection between exercise and health.
[D]To warn readers the danger of volunteering to blood pressure.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段的前两句可推知,作者提到卡内基梅隆大学的研究,是为了证明志愿活动对健康有好处。故选A。
( )3.What can we learn from what Rodlescia Sneed said
[A]Volunteers are supposed to be more outgoing.
[B]Volunteer work can make people lack sports.
[C]Taking appropriate exercise can strengthen social connection.
[D]Performing volunteer work contributes to reducing stress.
【答案】 D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,Rodlescia Sneed说:“许多人发现志愿活动有助于减轻压力,我们知道压力与健康息息相关。”由此可知,参与志愿活动,有助于减轻压力。故选D。
( )4.What’s the text mainly about
[A]Volunteering can lower blood pressure.
[B]Volunteering is beneficial to mental health.
[C]Volunteering may be good for body and mind.
[D]Volunteering can avoid suffering from heart disease.
【答案】 C
【解析】 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容及文章介绍的志愿活动对人的身心都有好处这一现象及其背后的原因可知,这篇文章主要阐述志愿活动可能对身心都有好处。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves; likewise,a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.As middle school students,we have understood the importance of responsibility and should take our studies 1. (serious).This means meeting deadlines for our schoolwork,following our teachers’ 2. (guide),and always aiming for academic excellence.3. we are at fault in our daily lives,we should be ready to admit our mistakes.This way,we can practise the virtue of courage and become a person of integrity.
Apart from personal development,assuming responsibility for our actions is also important.Society is 4. organic whole,and as social beings,we should stick to our
5. (principle) and try to make a contribution.You may have heard of the story of a small boy saving starfish on the beach.He was not 6. (discourage) though the passers-by told him that it was not worthwhile to do so.You may also have heard of Huang Danian,the geophysicist,7. practised core socialist values.Being a respected expert in the UK,Huang wanted to help advance science in China.He 8. (resign) his post and returned.Huang made substantial contributions,which helped discover valuable mineral resources and bring China’s knowledge and technology in this area alongside the world’s
9. (fine).
There are many others who are willing to bear the heavy burden of responsibility and devote themselves to 10. (work) for the good of their countries.They serve as good models for all of us.
【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。文章阐述了中学生应该认真对待学业并为社会做出贡献的必要性。
1.【答案】 seriously
【解析】 考查副词。分析可知,此处应用副词修饰动词take作状语,take sth seriously意为“认真对待某事”,故填 seriously。
2.【答案】 guidance
【解析】 考查名词。分析可知,名词所有格修饰名词,空处作宾语,故填 guidance。
3.【答案】 When/If
【解析】 考查连词。分析可知,此处应用when引导时间状语从句或者用if引导条件状语从句,故填When/If。
4.【答案】 an
【解析】 考查冠词。此处为泛指,表示 “一个有机整体”,且organic以元音音素开头,故填 an。
5.【答案】 principles
【解析】 考查名词。此处需要名词复数形式作宾语,表示不止一个原则,故填 principles。
6.【答案】 discouraged
【解析】 考查形容词。分析可知,此处为主系表结构,需要形容词作表语来描述主语He的状态,表示“气馁的;沮丧的”,故填 discouraged。
7.【答案】 who
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是 Huang Danian,且空处在从句中作主语。故填who。
8.【答案】 resigned
【解析】 考查动词的时态。分析可知,and连接并列谓语, 表示过去的动作,应用一般过去时。故填resigned。
9.【答案】 finest
【解析】 考查形容词最高级。根据句意和空前的定冠词可知,此处指“与世界上最好的技术并举”,应用形容词最高级形式,故填 finest。
10.【答案】 working
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。devote oneself to“致力于……”是固定搭配,to 是介词,后接动词-ing形式作宾语,故填 working。UNIT 2 课时作业(三)
(分值:45分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.People sometimes (掩盖) their true motives with moral arguments.
2.They (出口) their products to markets throughout the world.
3.The photos bring back lots of good (回忆).
4.They aren’t likely to arrive this side of (午夜).
5.A (可变通的) person can adapt to different moral situations.
6.In spite of many dilemmas,I have never fallen into (绝望).
7. (因此),we should strive to cultivate good moral qualities.
8.A person’s (收入) does not determine his or her moral character.
9.The country has to (进口) most of its raw materials.
10.The committee voted to re-elect him as (主席).
【答案】 1.disguise 2.export 3.memories 4.midnight 5.flexible 6.despair
7.Therefore 8.income 9.import 10.chairman
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.Too much screen time is (harm) to both physical and mental health.
2.The (tense) in the classroom disappeared after the teacher cracked a joke.
3.She offered me practical (assist) with my research.
4.To pass the vocabulary test,she needs to (memory) 50 new words today.
5.The delicate surgical (operate) took five hours.
6.Seeing his daughter come back,safe and sound,he shed (tear) of joy.
7.Could you do me a favour and pick my daughter from school today
8.Unfortunately,he tripped a stone and hurt his right leg.
9.She found the old photo album accident while cleaning the attic.
10.A certain amount of (flexible) is built into this system.
【答案】 1.harmful 2.tension 3.assistance 4.memorise 5.operation 6.tears 7.up
8.over 9.by 10.flexibility
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.His selfish actions (极大地损害了) the reputation of the entire company.
2. (考试结束了),we began our holiday.
3.A nature reserve was established (纪念) an environmental activist who fought against deforestation.
4.I am writing a letter of gratitude to him because he has offered me (大量有用的学习建议).
5.They will (既不去公园也不待在家里) this weekend.They have other plans.
【答案】 1.did great harm to 2.The test being over 3.in memory of 4.a great deal of useful learning advice 5.neither go to the park nor stay at home
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Too many people want others to be their friends,but they don’t give friendship back.That is why some friendships don’t last very long.To have a friend,you must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you.Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules: be honest; be generous (宽宏大量的);be understanding.
Honesty is where a good friendship starts.Friends must be able to trust one another.If you do not tell the truth,people usually find out.If a friend finds out that you haven’t been honest,you may lose your friend’s trust.Good friends always rely on one another to speak and act honestly.
Generosity means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow.You do not have to give your lunch money or your clothes.Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings.These can be very valuable to a friend.They tell your friend what is important to you.By sharing them,you help your friend know better.
Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and help with a problem.Something may go wrong at school.Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve.Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem.So to be a friend you must listen and understand.You must try to put yourself in your friend’s place so that you can understand the problem better.
No two friendships are exactly alike.But true friendships have three things in common.If you plan to keep your friends,you must practise honesty,generosity and understanding.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了交到好朋友的三个关键因素:诚实,宽宏大量,善解人意。
( )1.Why do some friendships not last long
[A]Because there are too many people who want to make friends.
[B]Because those who give others friendship receive friendship from others.
[C]Because some people receive friendship but don’t give friendship back.
[D]Because some people don’t know friendship is something serious.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知,太多的人希望别人成为他们的朋友,但他们拥有了友谊却不给予回报,所以有些友谊不会长久。故选C。
( )2.What do we know about honesty according to the passage
[A]It is something countable.
[B]It is the base of friendship.
[C]It is as important as money.
[D]It is more important than anything else.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,诚实是一段美好友谊的开始,即诚实是友谊的基础。故选B。
( )3.What does the underlined word “They” refer to in the third paragraph
[A]Generosity and friendship.
[B]Generosity and sharing.
[C]Your ideas and feelings.
[D]Your clothes.
【答案】 C
【解析】 代词指代题。根据第三段中的“Naturally you will want to...valuable to a friend.”可知,分享你的想法和感受对朋友来说是非常有价值的。由此可以判断出,画线词“They”指的是“你的想法和感受”。故选C。
( )4.What’s the best title of this passage
[A]How to Be a Friend
[B]Honesty Is the Best Policy
[C]A Friend in Need Is a Friend Indeed
[D]Three Important Points in Life
【答案】 A
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第一段尤其是最后一句可知,交朋友意味着要学会三条规则:诚实,宽宏大量,善解人意。本文都是围绕着如何交朋友展开,A项符合题意。故选A。(共25张PPT)
UNIT 2 课时作业(二)
(分值:50 分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.When we returned to the school,we found a stranger (stand) at the entrance.
2.I saw her (question) by the police.
3.With the boy (lead) the way,we found the hidden waterfall with ease.
4.The weather (be) fine,thus we went out for a walk.
5.When I came in,I saw Linda (whisper) to her deskmate Amy.
standing
being questioned
leading
being
whispering
6.When I walked into the office,I found a lot of people (discuss) the project.
7.After a knock at the door,the child heard his mother’s voice (call) him.
8.His father died (leave) him a lot of money.
9.He lay on the grass (stare) at the sky for a long time.
10.I won’t have you (run) about in the room.
discussing
calling
leaving
staring
running
Ⅱ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1. (听到这个意外的消息),she covered her mouth in disbelief.
2. (不理解这个问题),he asked the teacher about it.
3.I felt someone (在拍我的肩膀).
Hearing the unexpected news
Not understanding this problem
patting me on the shoulder
4.The old man returned from abroad and (发现他的家乡变了) beyond recognition.
5. (走在大街上),I met an old friend of mine.
found his hometown changed
Walking in the street
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
There’s something satisfying about volunteering.Studies have shown that volunteering helps people who donate their time feel more socially connected,thus warding off loneliness and depression.But a growing body of evidence suggests that people who give their time to others might also be rewarded with better physical health,including lower blood pressure and a longer lifespan.
Evidence of volunteerism’s physical effects can be found in a study from Carnegie Mellon University,published in Psychology and Aging.Adults over age 50 who volunteered on a regular basis were less likely to develop high blood pressure than non-volunteers.High blood pressure is an important indicator of health because it contributes to heart disease,stroke,and premature death.
It’s impossible for this study to prove that volunteering was directly responsible for the lower blood pressure.People who volunteer may be more likely to do other things,like eating a healthy diet or doing exercise,which lower blood pressure.But the results are in line with other findings on the topic.
How might volunteering contribute to lower blood pressure Performing volunteer work could increase physical activity among people who aren’t otherwise very active,says leading study author Rodlescia Sneed,a doctoral candidate in social and health psychology at Carnegie Mellon University.It may also reduce stress.“Many people find volunteer work helpful with respect to stress reduction,and we know that stress is very strongly linked to health outcomes,” she says.
A study in the journal Health Psychology found that participants who volunteered with some regularity lived longer,but only if their intentions were truly altruistic.In other words,they had to be volunteering to help others—not to make themselves feel better.
The Greek philosopher Aristotle once guessed that the essence of life is “To serve others and do good.” If recent research is any indication,serving others might also be the essence of good health.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章阐述了志愿活动对人的身心都有好处这一现象,并分析了其背后的原因。
( )1.Which can replace the underlined phrase “warding off” in Paragraph 1
[A]Getting rid of.
[B]Keeping up with.
[C]Running out of.
[D]Putting up with.
A
【解析】 猜测短语题。根据画线短语前文“Studies have shown that volunteering helps people who donate their time feel more socially connected”可知,志愿活动帮助那些奉献时间的人感受到更多的社会联系,从而帮助他们摆脱孤独和抑郁。由此可知,画线短语意为“摆脱”。故选A。
( )2.Why does the author mention the study from Carnegie Mellon University
[A]To prove the benefit of volunteering to health.
[B]To find out volunteerism’s physical effects on heart.
[C]To explain the connection between exercise and health.
[D]To warn readers the danger of volunteering to blood pressure.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段的前两句可推知,作者提到卡内基梅隆大学的研究,是为了证明志愿活动对健康有好处。故选A。
( )3.What can we learn from what Rodlescia Sneed said
[A]Volunteers are supposed to be more outgoing.
[B]Volunteer work can make people lack sports.
[C]Taking appropriate exercise can strengthen social connection.
[D]Performing volunteer work contributes to reducing stress.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,Rodlescia Sneed说:“许多人发现志愿活动有助于减轻压力,我们知道压力与健康息息相关。”由此可知,参与志愿活动,有助于减轻压力。故选D。
( )4.What’s the text mainly about
[A]Volunteering can lower blood pressure.
[B]Volunteering is beneficial to mental health.
[C]Volunteering may be good for body and mind.
[D]Volunteering can avoid suffering from heart disease.
C
【解析】 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容及文章介绍的志愿活动对人的身心都有好处这一现象及其背后的原因可知,这篇文章主要阐述志愿活动可能对身心都有好处。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves; likewise,a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.As middle school students,we have understood the importance of responsibility and should take our studies 1. (serious).
This means meeting deadlines for our schoolwork,following our teachers’
2. (guide),and always aiming for academic excellence.3. we are at fault in our daily lives,we should be ready to admit our mistakes.This way,we can practise the virtue of courage and become a person of integrity.
seriously
guidance
When/If
Apart from personal development,assuming responsibility for our actions is also important.Society is 4. organic whole,and as social beings,we should stick to our 5. (principle) and try to make a contribution.You may have heard of the story of a small boy saving starfish on the beach.He was not 6. (discourage) though the passers-by told him that it was not worthwhile to do so.You may also have heard of Huang Danian,the geophysicist,7. practised core socialist values.Being a respected expert in the UK,Huang wanted to help advance science in China.He 8. (resign) his post and returned.Huang made substantial contributions,which helped discover valuable mineral resources and bring China’s knowledge and technology in this area alongside the world’s 9. (fine).
an
principles
discouraged
who
resigned
finest
There are many others who are willing to bear the heavy burden of responsibility and devote themselves to 10. (work) for the good of their countries.They serve as good models for all of us.
【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。文章阐述了中学生应该认真对待学业并为社会做出贡献的必要性。
working
1.【答案】 seriously
【解析】 考查副词。分析可知,此处应用副词修饰动词take作状语,take sth seriously意为“认真对待某事”,故填 seriously。
2.【答案】 guidance
【解析】 考查名词。分析可知,名词所有格修饰名词,空处作宾语,故填 guidance。
3.【答案】 When/If
【解析】 考查连词。分析可知,此处应用when引导时间状语从句或者用if引导条件状语从句,故填When/If。
4.【答案】 an
【解析】 考查冠词。此处为泛指,表示 “一个有机整体”,且organic以元音音素开头,故填 an。
5.【答案】 principles
【解析】 考查名词。此处需要名词复数形式作宾语,表示不止一个原则,故填 principles。
6.【答案】 discouraged
【解析】 考查形容词。分析可知,此处为主系表结构,需要形容词作表语来描述主语He的状态,表示“气馁的;沮丧的”,故填 discouraged。
7.【答案】 who
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是 Huang Danian,且空处在从句中作主语。故填who。
8.【答案】 resigned
【解析】 考查动词的时态。分析可知,and连接并列谓语, 表示过去的动作,应用一般过去时。故填resigned。
9.【答案】 finest
【解析】 考查形容词最高级。根据句意和空前的定冠词可知,此处指“与世界上最好的技术并举”,应用形容词最高级形式,故填 finest。
10.【答案】 working
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。devote oneself to“致力于……”是固定搭配,to 是介词,后接动词-ing形式作宾语,故填 working。[头脑风暴·思维发散]
The Chinese virtue is an important part of traditional Chinese culture.And it provides spiritual nourishment for the construction of our harmonious society.For us contemporary youth,we should develop good morals and virtues,such as honesty,kindness,responsibility,
diligence and so on.In our society,principles of mutual respect and kindness are reflected in concrete actions,whether it’s actively volunteering in the community or assisting others who are in a dilemma.We should also respond to challenges with sharp thinking and positive action.In short,it’s important to illustrate our positive tendencies through words and actions,which can help build a better future for all.
中华美德是中国传统文化的重要组成部分,为构建和谐社会提供了精神滋养。对于当代青年而言,我们应该培养良好的道德和美德,如诚实、友善、负责任、勤奋等。在我们的社会中,相互尊重和与人为善的原则体现在具体的行动中——无论是积极参加社区志愿活动,还是帮助陷入困境的人。我们还应该以敏锐的思维和积极的行动应对挑战。总之,重要的是通过语言和行动来表明我们的积极倾向,这有助于为所有人建立一个更美好的未来。
Listening and Speaking — Discovering Useful Structures
写作词汇
1.virtue n.高尚的道德;美德;优秀品质
2.precious adj.珍稀的;宝贵的
3.entrust vt.委托;交付
4.hire vt.聘任;雇用;租用
n.租借;租用
5.faraway adj.遥远的
6.decade n.十年;十年期
7.passive adj.被动的;顺从的
8.accident n.事故;车祸;失事
9.whisper vi.& vt.悄声说;耳语;低语
n.耳语(声);低语(声);传言;谣传
10.midnight n.子夜;午夜
11.import n.进口;进口商品
vt.进口;输入;引进
12.export n.出口;出口商品
vt.出口;输出;传播
13.bite vt.& vi.咬;叮;蜇
n.咬;(咬下的)一口;咬伤
阅读词汇
1.moral adj.道德的;道义上的
n.品行;道德;寓意
2.dilemma n.进退两难的境地;困境
3.faint vi.昏倒;晕厥
adj.不清楚的;微弱的
4.tuition n.(小组)教学;讲课
5.fee n.专业服务费;报酬
6.union n.协会;联合会;工会
7.colleague n.同事;同僚
8.clinic n.诊所;门诊部
9.elsewhere adv.在别处;去别处
10.staff n.员工;全体职员
11.saving n.节省物;节省;节约
[pl.]储蓄金;存款
12.kindergarten n.学前班;幼儿园
13.principle n.道德原则;法则;原则
14.pole n.(行星的)极;地极
15.lap n.(坐着时的)大腿部;(跑道等的)一圈
16.lip n.嘴唇
17.chairman n.主席;主持人;董事长
拓展词汇
1.illustrate vt.(举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图→illustration n.插图;图解;示例→illustrator n.(书等的)插图画家
2.marriage n.结婚;婚姻→marry v.(和某人)结婚;嫁;娶→married adj.结婚的;已婚的
3.majority n.大部分;大多数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修n.主修课程
4.complain vi.& vt.抱怨;发牢骚;投诉→complaint n.投诉;抱怨;控告
5.respond vt.回答;回复vi.做出反应;回应→response n.反应;回答;回复
6.scholarship n.奖学金→scholar n.学者;奖学金获得者
7.physician n.医师;(尤指)内科医生→physical adj.身体的;肉体的→physically adv.肉体上;身体上→physics n.物理学
8.reject vt.拒绝接受;不录用→rejection n.拒绝接受;否决
9.appoint vt.任命;委派→appointment n.约会;约定;任命→appointed adj.约定的;指定的
10.elect vt.选举;推选→election n.选举;推选;当选
11.tend vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于→tendency n.趋势;趋向
12.publish vt.发表(作品);出版→publisher n.出版者;出版商
13.retire vi.& vt.退休;退职;退出→retirement n.退休→retired adj.退休的
14.scare vt.惊吓;使害怕vi.受惊吓→scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scary adj.令人害怕的;吓人的;恐怖的
15.sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的→sharpen v.(使)变锋利;(使)改善;(使)提高→sharply adv.急剧地;猛烈地
16.insurance n.保险;保险业→insure vt.投保;为……提供保险
17.energetic adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的→energy n.精力;活力→energetically adv.精力充沛地
18.replace vt.接替;取代;更换→replacement n.更换;更替
19.operation n.手术;企业;经营→operate vt.& vi.动手术;操作;使运行→operator n.操作员;经营者
20.assist vt.帮助;援助→assistant n.助理;助手→assistance n.帮助;援助
21.memory n.记忆力;回忆→memorise vt.记住;熟记→memorable adj.值得纪念的;难忘的
重点词块
1.a look into the heart of 窥见……的内心世界
2.carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关
3.tuition fees 学费
4.would rather do 宁愿做
5.graduate from 从……毕业
6.in need of 需要
7.at times 有时;偶尔
8.play a key role 发挥主要作用
9.tend to do sth 易于做某事;往往会发生某事
10.care for 关心;照顾
11.be responsible for 对……负责
12.treat...as... 把……视为……
13.be known as... 作为……而出名
14.in one’s lifetime 在某人的一生中
15.be/lie dying 弥留之际
16.whisper sth into one’s ear 在某人耳边低语某事
17.first aid 急救
18.pass away 去世
19.in memory of 作为对……的纪念
重点句型
1.To a person nothing is more precious than their life,...(“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义)
对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了,……
2.She responded,“I’d rather stay single to study all my life!”(would rather do sth)
她回答:“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人,也要学医!”
3.In 1941,Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital,but just a few months later,the department was closed because of the war.(动词不定式作后置定语)
1941年,林医生成为北京协和医学院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任,但是仅仅数月之后,妇产科就因为战争而关闭。
4.Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”,
having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.(though引导让步状语从句;现在分词的完成式作状语)
虽然林巧稚终身未婚,但是她被称为“万婴之母”,她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——学习做出人生抉择。
2.语篇类型:人物传记。
3.课文内容分析:
文章按照时间顺序叙述了我国著名医学家林巧稚的一生,其中着重描写了她曾面临的人生抉择。她所做出的抉择无不反映了她坚定的信念、美好的心灵、高度的职业责任感和奉献精神。从她的人生抉择中,学生能够感受到她身上的仁善、自强、勤奋、执着、敬业、慷慨,还有高度的责任感和广博的爱心。这些美好的品质不仅值得学生学习,还能启发学生反思自我,思考如何面对人生抉择,认真选择未来的道路,全力以赴地面对人生的
挑战。
多维解读·浅析结构
MOTHER OF TEN THOUSAND BABIES
【答案】 1.student 2.work and study 3.physician 4.tending 5.training 6.married
精研细读·深层理解
( )1.How is the passage developed
[A]By following time order. [B]By following space order.
[C]By comparing facts. [D]By listing numbers.
( )2.Why did Lin Qiaozhi choose to study medicine
[A]Because she wanted to win the Wenhai Scholarship.
[B]Because she wanted to become a famous doctor.
[C]Because she wanted to help others and make a difference.
[D]Because she wanted to follow the traditional path.
( )3.What does the word “tending” in the fifth paragraph probably mean
[A]Look forward to. [B]Take care of.
[C]Give up. [D]Lose interest in.
( )4.What does the passage mainly tell us
[A]It tells why Dr Lin Qiaozhi chose to be a doctor.
[B]It tells what Dr Lin Qiaozhi did for the patients.
[C]It tells how Dr Lin Qiaozhi became successful.
[D]It tells that Dr Lin Qiaozhi made great contributions to Chinese medical industry.
( )5.What’s the most likely purpose of the author in writing this passage
[A]To praise Dr Lin Qiaozhi’s achievements.
[B]To encourage more people to become doctors.
[C]To show the difficulties in the medical field.
[D]To tell the story of Dr Lin Qiaozhi’s life.
【答案】 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.A
二次开发·深研课文
Lin Qiaozhi was born in 1901.When she was only five,her mother died suddenly,1. deeply affected her.At age 18,she chose to work and study rather than go into 2. (marry) like the majority of girls at that time.When her brother complained,Lin responded,“I’d rather 3. (stay) single to study all my life!”
In 1929,Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) with the highest prize given to graduates.She immediately became the first woman ever 4. (hire) as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.5. (work) for
a few years,Lin was sent to study in Europe.In 1939,her American colleagues,6. were greatly impressed by her,invited her to stay,but she rejected the offer and returned to China.
In 1941,Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.However,because of the war,the department was closed.Dr Lin started a private clinic and continued to treat patients.When the new People’s
Republic of China 7. (found),Dr Lin was busy tending patients,publishing 8. (medicine) research and training staff.
Although Dr Lin never married,she was known 9. the “mother of ten thousand babies”.She didn’t retire from her position 10. she died in 1983.
【答案】 1.which 2.marriage 3.stay 4.to be hired 5.Having worked 6.who 7.was founded 8.medical 9.as 10.until
1.carry sb through sth帮助某人渡过难关
[教材原句] These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman,and what carried her through a life of hard choices.
林巧稚医生这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界,并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。
例Their faith,together with the courage,carried them through.
他们的信念和勇气帮助他们渡过了难关。
例Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good cause
为什么不像林巧稚一样在医学院学习并继续她的崇高事业呢
例The new project was carried out successfully despite the challenges.
尽管面临挑战,这个新项目还是成功地实施了。
carry through 完成;进行到底 carry out 履行;实施;落实;完成(任务) carry on 开展;维持;继续 carry forward 继承;弘扬
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
We need to carry the traditional values and pass them onto the next generation.
(话题写作之人物介绍)尽管考试失败了,我仍相信我的决心和努力会帮助我渡过难关。
Despite the failure of the test,I still believed my determination and hard work tough times.
(读后续写之动作描写)那个老人双腿颤抖地站了起来,继续沿着路慢慢地走着。
The old man rose to his feet on shaky legs,and slowly down the road.
【答案】 ① forward ② would carry me through
③ carried on walking
2.majority n.大部分;大多数
·major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.主修课程
·minority n.少数;少部分
[教材原句] At age 18,instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls,she chose to work and study.
十八岁时,她没有像大多数的女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路,而是选择了工作和学习。
例(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.
尽管这些运动很普遍,但现实情况是,大多数西方城市都是围绕汽车的需求进行了彻底的重新设计。
例According to the chart,people who browse English learning websites are in the minority.
依据图表显示,浏览英语学习网站的人占少数。
例(应用文写作之求助信)Please give me some advice on whether I should major in law or English.
请给我一些建议,告诉我应该主修法学还是英语。
·the/a majority of...大多数的…… in the/a majority 占大多数 ·the/a minority of...少数的…… in the/a minority 占少数 ·major in 主修;专攻
①the majority作主语时,若强调整体,谓语动词用单数,若强调个体,谓语动词用复数。
②“the majority of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词视of后名词的单复数形式而定。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The majority of the classrooms in our school (equip) with smart boards.
I believe that students supporting me are the majority.
(话题写作之学校生活)在我们学校,大多数学生积极参加课外活动,比如加入绘画和音乐社团。
In our school, actively participate in extracurricular activities,such as joining the painting and music clubs.
(应用文写作之申请信)作为一名旅游专业的毕业生,我非常高兴能申请这个职位。
As a graduate ,I feel more than delighted to apply for the position.
【答案】 ① are equipped ② in ③ the/a majority of the students ④ majoring in tourism
A majority of the students in this college major in computer science because computer science is the major subject in this college at the moment.
这所大学的大多数学生都主修计算机科学,因为计算机科学目前是这所大学的主要学科。
3.complain vi.& vt.抱怨;发牢骚;投诉
·complaint n.投诉;抱怨;控告
[教材原句] “Why should girls learn so much Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother complained,thinking of the high tuition fees.
“女孩子读那么多书做什么 找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿!”她的兄弟一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。
例His parents often complain about his bad habits,so he decides to make a change.
他的父母经常抱怨他的坏习惯,所以他决定做出改变。
例The customer complained to the manager about the poor service.
顾客向经理投诉服务太差。
例I’m writing to make a complaint about the noise,which disturbed residents.
我写信是为了投诉扰民的噪声。
归纳拓展 ·complain to sb (about/of sth) 向某人抱怨/投诉(某事) complain about/of sth 抱怨某事 complain (to sb) that...(向某人)抱怨/投诉…… ·make a complaint about...对……进行抱怨/投诉
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
She always complains the traffic jam on her way to work.
We should encourage people to make reasonable (complain) when they encounter problems.
(应用文写作之投诉信)我想向你投诉贵宾馆的服务员弄坏了我的行李箱。
that the waiter of your hotel broke my suitcase.
(应用文写作之投诉信)我写信是想投诉你们餐厅的服务不好。
I’m writing to the poor service of your restaurant.
【答案】 ① about/of ② complaints ③ I’d like to complain to you ④ make a complaint about或complain about/of
4.respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应
·response n.反应;回答;回复
[教材原句] She responded,“I’d rather stay single to study all my life!”
她回答:“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人,也要学医!”
例Group discussions in class teach us to respect others’ opinions and how to respond to different viewpoints.
课堂上的小组讨论教会我们要尊重他人的观点以及如何回应不同的看法。
例When asked about the company’s future,the director responded that he remained optimistic.
当被问到公司的未来时,经理回答说他依然乐观。
例Jim wrote a detailed report in response to his boss’s request.
吉姆应老板的要求写了一份详细的报告。
归纳拓展 ·respond to...(with...) (用……)对……做出反应/答复 respond that...回答/答复…… ·in response to 对……进行答复;对……做出反应 make a/no response (to...) (对……)做出回应/不予回答
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
I would be grateful if you could respond my question.
She has received a (respond) from that college to her application.
(话题写作之传统文化)应你的要求,我写信来简要介绍一下京剧。
I’m writing to give a brief introduction to Beijing Opera .
(读后续写之情感描写)他眼里含着后悔的泪水回答道:“我再也不会那样做了,妈妈。”
“I will never do that again,mum,” he in his eyes.
【答案】 ① to ② response ③ in response to your request ④ responded with tears of regret
When the client responded to the proposal with a list of concerns,our team immediately held an emergency meeting.In response to their feedback,we revised the budget and timeline.The client later made a positive response to our adjustments,but their legal department responded that they needed further clarification.Despite the challenges,we ensured the project moved forward successfully.
当客户对提案提出一系列担忧后,我们团队立即召开了紧急会议。针对他们的反馈,我们调整了预算和时间线。客户后来对我们的调整做出了积极回应,但他们的法务部门表示需要进一步的澄清。尽管面临挑战,我们仍确保了项目的顺利推进。
5.appoint vt.任命;委派
·appointment n.约会;约定;任命
·appointed adj.约定的;指定的
[教材原句] In 1941,Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital,...
1941年,林医生成为北京协和医学院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任,……
例Appointed as the class monitor,he spared no effort to serve his classmates.
被任命为班长后,他不遗余力地为同学们服务。
例The boss appointed me to organise the activities on that day.
老板委派我去组织那天的活动。
例He told me later that he was very sorry he was delayed the other day,and unable to keep an appointment.
他后来告诉我,前几天他因事耽搁无法赴约,对此深表歉意。
归纳拓展 ·appoint sb as/to be...任命某人为…… appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事 ·by appointment按照约定 make/have an appointment with sb与某人预约/约会 keep/break an appointment守/违(爽)约 ·at the appointed time 在约定的时间
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Our headmaster appointed me (introduce) the Chinese tea culture to foreign exchange students.
If you want to see the doctor,you’d better make an (appoint) with him in advance.
(应用文写作之祝贺信)得知你已被任命为学生会主席,我真诚地祝贺你。
Learning that of the Student Union,I sincerely congratulate you.
(应用文写作之道歉信)由于已经与牙医预约,我非常抱歉不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。
Because I the dentist,I am terribly sorry for not being able to accompany you to the bookshop .
【答案】 ① to introduce ② appointment ③ you have been appointed as/to be chairman ④ have made an appointment with;at the appointed time
He was appointed as manager and he said that he would invite his colleagues to dinner.They all believed that he wouldn’t break his appointment and that he was sure to come at the appointed time.
他被任命为经理,他说要请同事们吃晚饭。他们都相信他不会失约,一定会在约定的时间到。
6.tend vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于
·tendency n.趋势;趋向
[教材原句] She was more interested in tending patients,publishing medical research on care for women and children,and training the next generation of doctors.
她更感兴趣的是治病救人、发表妇幼护理医学研究成果、培养下一代医生。
例(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning.
照料植物是一种在耐心和学习上的锻炼。
例There is a tendency that a growing number of high school students are extending their knowledge during their spare time.
有一种趋势是,越来越多的高中生正利用他们的空闲时间进行知识拓展。
归纳拓展 ·tend to do sth 易于做某事;往往会发生某事 tend to/towards 趋向……;倾向…… tend (to) sb/sth照顾……;护理…… ·have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向 There is a tendency that...有……的趋势/倾向
“照料;护理”的表达还有look after、take care of、keep an eye on、attend to等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Studies have found that children who spend more time outside tend (be) healthier,better adjusted and better at dealing with stress.
These plants have a (tend) to grow in the rural areas.
(应用文写作之邀请信)我们往往在写英语作文时犯错误,所以我写信邀请你给我们做一场关于英语写作的在线讲座。
We when writing English compositions,so I am writing to invite you to give us an online talk on English writing.
人们越来越倾向于用电脑打字而不是手写。然而,我更赞成后者。
type by computer rather than write.However,I am more in favour of the latter.
【答案】 ① to be ② tendency ③ tend to/have a tendency to make mistakes ④ There is a tendency for people to
7.scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
·scare vt.惊吓;使害怕 vi.受惊吓
·scary adj.令人害怕的;吓人的;恐怖的
[教材原句] She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions.
她在面试时吓得完全忘了该如何回答这些问题。
例(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try something new.
虽然有些同学一开始害怕昆虫并对泥土感到厌烦,但大多数同学都渴望尝试新的东西。
例I was scared to tell/of telling you what had happened.
我不敢告诉你们发生了什么。
例I’m scared (that) I’m going to fall.
我害怕自己快掉下去了。
归纳拓展 ·be scared to do sth 害怕做某事 be scared of (doing) sth 害怕(做)某事 be scared (that)...害怕…… be scared to death 吓得要死 ·scare sb into/out of doing sth 恐吓某人做某事/吓得某人不敢做某事 scare...away/off 把……吓跑 It scares sb to do sth 做某事使某人害怕
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
My husband and I were scared (hurt) by the fierce bear.
The look suggested that something must have happened to her.(scare)
This documentary on climate change scared me into (become) more active in reducing my plastic use.
(读后续写之心理描写)当看到一个人在黑暗中慢慢朝我走来时,我吓得要死。
when I saw someone walking slowly towards me in the dark.
【答案】 ① to be hurt ② scared;scary ③ becoming
④ I was scared to death
The big dog barked really loudly,which scared the cat away/off.The little girl was scared to death too,who was too scared of dogs.
大狗叫得很响,把猫吓跑了。小女孩也被吓得要死,她太害怕狗了。
8.replace vt.接替;取代;更换
·replacement n.更换;更替
[教材原句] The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary.
学生会将在一月份举行一次特别的会议,选举一个人来接替秘书。
例As far as I’m concerned,traditional classes can’t be replaced by online ones.
就我而言,传统课程不能被网课所代替。
例These new facilities will replace/take the place of the old ones.
这些新设备将取代那些旧设备。
例In fact,it’s hard for us to find a replacement for our assistant.
事实上,我们很难找到一个人来代替我们的助手。
归纳拓展 ·replace A with/by B 用B代替/替换A replace sb as...取代某人成为…… ·take the place of=take sb’s place 代替;取代 in place of=in sb’s place 代替;取代 ·a replacement for ……的替代品/替补
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
In my opinion,face-to-face communication will never (replace) by online chatting completely.
(replace) is guaranteed if the products are not up to the standard.
I am very pleased to take the place Bob to deliver a speech at an opening ceremony.
(读后续写之主旨升华)失去的财富可由勤奋而恢复,但失去的时间却一去不复返。
Lost wealth can industry,but lost time is gone forever.
【答案】 ① be replaced ② Replacement ③ of ④ be replaced with/by
9.assist vt.帮助;援助
·assistance n.帮助;援助
·assistant n.助理;助手
[教材原句] Despite the difficult situation,Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.
尽管情况很艰难,白求恩大夫还是尽其所能帮助中国人民。
例(话题写作之人物描写)Whenever we meet with problems,our English teacher is always there to assist us to overcome them.
每当我们遇到困难时,我们的英语老师总是会帮助我们克服它们。
例Lacking confidence in cooking,Tom wanted his sister to assist him in preparing the dinner.
由于对烹饪缺乏信心,汤姆想让姐姐在准备晚餐这件事上帮助他。
例With the assistance of her math teacher,Sarah improved her math grades significantly.
在数学老师的帮助下,莎拉的数学成绩显著提高了。
归纳拓展 ·assist sb to do/in doing sth 帮助某人做某事 assist sb in/with sth 在某方面帮助某人 ·with the assistance of...在……的帮助下 come/go to one’s assistance 来/去援助某人
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
I am grateful to my English teacher who always assists me my pronunciation.
I am writing to apply to be your teaching .I hold the strong belief that if I go to your ,you will know about our class as quickly as possible.(assist)
(应用文写作之求助信)我想知道你是否能帮助我选择合适的班会主题。
I’m wondering if you could the suitable topics for the class meeting.
【答案】 ① in/with ② assistant;assistance ③ assist me to choose/in choosing
When the twins were worried that they couldn’t succeed in making a delicious Mother’s Day breakfast,their father came to their assistance.With the assistance of their father/With their father assisting them/With their father’s assistance,the twins made it,their faces brimming with happy smiles.
正当这对双胞胎担心无法成功做出一顿美味的母亲节早餐时,爸爸来帮她们了。在爸爸的帮助下,这对双胞胎成功了,她们脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容。
“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义
[教材原句] To a person nothing is more precious than their life,...
对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了,……
例(应用文写作之邀请信)If you are free,nothing will be better if you can come to China to have first-hand experience of Chinese culture.
如果你有空的话,你能来中国亲身体验中国文化就最好了。
例(读后续写之心理描写)When learning that I won first prize in the writing contest,never had I been more excited.
当得知我在写作比赛中获得一等奖时,我从来没有这么兴奋过。
归纳拓展 最高级意义的多种表达法如下所示。 ·否定词+形容词/副词比较级(+than),常用的否定词有no、not、never、nothing、nobody、hardly等,意为“没有什么比……更加……”。 ·否定词+so/as+形容词/副词原级+as · ·
[语境运用] 句型转换/完成句子
It is such a wonderful novel that in my eye it is the most moving one that I have read.
→What a wonderful novel! I have .
It is the most inspiring speech that I have heard.
→I have never heard .
(读后续写之主旨升华)对我们来说,没有什么比向处在困境中的人传递善意更重要
的了。
To us,nothing is to those in trouble.
(应用文写作之推荐信)我深信没有人比我们班长更适合在幼儿园帮你了。
I hold the strong belief that to assist you in the kindergarten than our monitor.
(读后续写之语言描写)“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐!”妈妈激动地回答。
“I !” the mother responded excitedly.
【答案】 ① never read a more moving one ② a more inspiring speech ③ more important than passing on kindness ④ nobody is more suitable ⑤ have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one
动词不定式作后置定语
[教材原句] She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
例He was the second Chinese athlete to win an Olympic gold medal in this event.
他是第二位在这个项目上获得奥运金牌的中国运动员。
例The first building to be completed in this new area will be used as a community centre.
这个新区域内第一座完工的大楼将会被用作社区中心。
归纳拓展 ·当被修饰的词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前面有the next、the only、the last等时,常用动词不定式作后置定语; ·动词不定式作后置定语所修饰的词多是抽象名词,常见的有way、time、ability、chance、ambition、promise、anxiety、answer、reply、attempt、belief等。
[语境运用] 完成句子
(读后续写之心理描写)约翰是第一个想出做爆米花来帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。
John was to help Bernard earn some extra money.He was convinced that he had the ability Bernard out of the difficulty.
(应用文写作之申请信)我能说一口流利的英语,而且我是班上第一个出国留学的学生。
I can speak fluent English and I am .
(话题写作之人物介绍)杨利伟不仅是第一个进入太空的中国人,也是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。
Yang Liwei is not only but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.
【答案】 ① the first person to think of making popcorn; to help ② the first student in my class to study abroad ③ the first Chinese to enter space
[教材原句] Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句。主句是“she was known as the ‘mother of ten thousand babies’”, 是though引导的让步状语从句; 是动词-ing形式的完成式,在句中作状语。
自主翻译:虽然林巧稚终身未婚,但是她被称为“万婴之母”,她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
[语境运用] 情境写作
虽然薇拉·凯瑟(Willa Cather)在年幼时几乎没有接受过教育,但她被认为是一位优秀的作家,创作了许多有关西部大草原的作品。
when she was at an early age,she was known as an excellent writer,
.
【答案】 Although Willa Cather received little education;having created many works about the western prairie
语法微专题2 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
...her brother complained,thinking of the high tuition fees.
Thinking of all the people still in need of help,Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”,having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
你能分清以上句子中的动词-ing形式在句中作什么成分吗 动词-ing形式不同的用法有什么不同的意义 你能用动词-ing形式描写人物的行为及其产生的原因、结果或伴随情况吗
一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时,与宾语之间是主动关系,即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。它主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。
1.表示感觉和心理状态的动词,如see、hear、feel、smell、watch、find、listen to、look at、notice、observe等。
I could hear the children laughing merrily in the playground during the break between classes.
课间休息时,我能听到孩子们在操场上欢快地笑着。
He saw his classmates discussing the math problem heatedly after class.
课后,他看到同学们在激烈地讨论数学题。
在see、hear、feel、watch等感官动词后,既可用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,也可用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。用动词-ing形式时,表示动作正在进行;用省略了to的动词不定式时,表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。
I saw him run across the road.
我看到他跑过了公路。(强调动作的整个过程)
I saw him running across the road.
我看见他正跑过公路。(强调动作正在进行)
2.表示“指使”等意义的动词,如have、set、keep、leave、get等。
The joke set her crying.
这个玩笑使她哭起来。
It’s cold.We should have the fire burning all the time.
天气冷。我们应该让火一直燃烧着。
3.动词-ing形式在with复合结构中的使用。
在with复合结构中,动词-ing形式充当宾语补足语,表示动作正在进行或主动关系。
With so many people helping her,she made great progress in English.
有这么多的人帮助她,她的英语取得了很大的进步。
动词-ing形式和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别如下所示。
当宾语与作宾语补足语的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时,用动词-ing形式(正在进行或一直处于某种状态);当宾语与作宾语补足语的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时,用过去分词。
We saw him talking to her.
我们看到他正在与她谈话。(动作正在进行)
I saw him beaten by Tom.
我看到他被汤姆打了。(him与beat是被动关系)
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
The coach uses different methods to keep the players (train) hard every day.
I felt someone (pat) me on the shoulder.
She heard someone (knock) at the door gently in the middle of the night.
We saw the athletes (compete) fiercely when we passed by the playground.
【答案】 ① training ② patting ③ knocking ④ competing
二、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式作状语表示在进行一个动作的同时所进行的另一个动作,它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词-ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随。
Listening to music,I cleaned my room.(时间状语)
听音乐的时候,我打扫了我的房间。
Having no money,he couldn’t buy the book he wanted.(原因状语)
因为没钱,他没法买那本他想要的书。
Working hard,you will certainly make progress.(条件状语)
只要刻苦学习,你就会取得进步。
Knowing the task was extremely difficult,she still volunteered to take it on.(让步状语)
尽管知道这项任务极其困难,但她仍然主动承担了它。
My car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay.(结果状语)
我的车遭遇交通堵塞,于是导致了延误。
Travelling by train,we visited a number of cities.(方式状语)
我们坐火车游览了很多城市。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom,reading a book.(伴随状语)
玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁,正在读一本书。
①动词-ing形式作结果状语,是随着谓语动作的发生而产生的自然结果,其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况,前面有时候可以加thus。而动词不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果,常用only to do结构,其被动形式为only to be done。
She worked hard all night,thus finishing the project ahead of schedule.
她整夜努力工作,结果提前完成了项目。
He rushed to the train station,only to find that the train had already left.
他匆忙赶到火车站,结果却发现火车已经开走了。
②当动词-ing形式的动作先发生,而谓语动词的动作后发生时,用动词-ing形式的完成式。
Having finished the letter,he went to post it.
(having finished 是先发生的,went是后发生的)
他写完信后就去寄信了。
③使用动词-ing形式的主动式还是被动式,这主要取决于动词-ing形式和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是动词-ing形式的逻辑主语。
Having been praised by the teacher,the students were full of confidence.(动词-ing形式的被动式)
被老师表扬后,学生们充满了信心。
Having finished his homework,he went to bed.(动词-ing形式的主动式)
完成作业后,他上床睡觉了。
④动词-ing形式作状语,有时它也可以有自己独立的主语,这种结构被称为独立主格结构,通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况,也可以表示时间、原因或条件。
The weather being fine,we went out for a walk.
天气很好,我们出去散步了。
The meeting being over,everyone left the conference room.
会议结束后,每个人都离开了会议室。
⑤有些动词-ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语,它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子,表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的评注性状语有considering考虑到……、generally speaking一般说来、roughly speaking 大致说来、frankly speaking坦率地说、judging from/by由……判断、supposing如果……、providing如果……、assuming 假设……等。
Considering his age,he has done a really good job.
考虑到他的年龄,他已经做得非常好了。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He glanced over at her, (note) that though she was tiny,she seemed quite healthy.
The fire lasted nearly a month, (leave) nothing valuable.
She looked around the room, (find) that everything was in a mess.
时间允许的话,我们会参观长城。
,we will visit the Great Wall.
看到那些画,她想起了自己的童年。
,she remembered her childhood.
【答案】 ① noting ② leaving ③ finding ④ Time permitting ⑤ Seeing those pictures
1.(2025·浙江1月卷)But one day when I heard her (say) “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank.
【答案】 saying
【解析】 考查动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。设空处是“hear+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语her与say之间为主动关系,应用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。故填saying。
2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and...,Edmondson said...
【答案】 Recalling
【解析】 考查动词-ing形式作状语。主语Edmondson和动词recall之间为主动关系,用动词-ing 形式作状语;位于句首,首字母大写。故填Recalling。
3.(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America,where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【答案】 borrowing
【解析】 考查动词-ing形式作状语。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词begins,设空处在句中作非谓语。逻辑主语her fable与动词borrow之间为主动关系,应用动词-ing形式作状语。故填borrowing。
4.(2023·全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years,I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
【答案】 Having visited
【解析】 考查动词-ing形式作状语。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作非谓语。逻辑主语I与动词visit之间是主动关系,应用动词-ing形式作状语;根据时间状语over the last 10 years可知,应用现在完成时;位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Having visited。
5.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them,one steamer is rarely enough,yet two seems greedy,so I am always left (want) more next time.
【答案】 wanting
【解析】 考查动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作非谓语,此处为“leave sb+宾语补足语”结构,逻辑主语I与动词want之间是主动关系,应用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。故填wanting。
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1. (look) around carefully,she couldn’t find her lost key anywhere.
2.What he said left me (wonder) what was true love for children.
3.When he saw the pictures,beautiful memories in his childhood came (flood) in.
4. (turn) to the left,you will find the path leading to the post office.
5.The traffic (be) heavy,we were late for the appointment.
6. (prepare) for the exam well enough,he didn’t feel nervous.
【答案】 1.Looking 2.wondering 3.flooding 4.Turning 5.being 6.Having prepared
Ⅱ.语篇填空
I was walking down the street when I saw a group of children 1. (play) in the park.They were laughing and running around,2. (have) a great time.The sun was shining brightly,3. (make) the grass look greener and the flowers more colourful.A dog was chasing a ball,4. (bark) excitedly.I stopped to watch them for a moment,
5. (feel) happy and relaxed.Suddenly,I heard a loud noise 6. (come) from behind me.I turned around and saw a car 7. (speed) down the road,honking its horn.The driver was looking around nervously,obviously 8. (lose).I pointed in the right direction,9. (hope) to help.10. (smile) gratefully,the driver drove away.
【答案】 1.playing 2.having 3.making 4.barking 5.feeling 6.coming 7.speeding 8.lost 9.hoping 10.Smiling(共60张PPT)
UNIT 2 课时作业(四)
①The air operation destroyed enemy’s radar systems before ground troops advanced.
②The surgeon performed a successful operation to save the man.
③The UN rescue operation started shortly after dawn.
④I heard that you had been hired by a huge multinational electronics operation.
⑤The new plant is scheduled to come into operation next month.
(分值:72.5 分)
单元知识综合练
B
A.n.手术 B.n.活动,行动 C.n.企业,公司 D.n.军事行动 E.n.经营,运营
A
C
D
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.operation
E
①It is really amazing that all the footprints are quite sharp.
②There was a sharp decline in the number of tourists visiting the area due to the bad weather.
③She had her finger cut by a sharp knife by accident while she was peeling apples.
④The pilot,whether by accident or design,made the plane do a sharp turn.
⑤She studied the young man with her sharp bright eyes.
E
A.adj.急剧的 B.adj.敏锐的 C.adj.锋利的 D.adj.急转的,陡的 E.adj.清晰的
A
C
D
2.sharp
B
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共8题;每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Many people avoid apologising because admitting to wrongdoing makes them uncomfortable.“We like to view ourselves as good people as kind and considerate,”says Ryan Fehr,a professor at the University of Washington.
“Apologies force us to admit to ourselves that we don’t always live up to our own standards.We might also fear that others won’t accept our apology,
further damaging our positive sense of self.For these reasons,an apology can be very difficult to give.”
For many,apologising is stressful,awkward and uncomfortable.But a heartfelt apology has positive effects.It can improve your mental health,
repair damaged relationships and promote self-esteem. “Apologies act as a signal of one’s moral character,” Fehr says.
Researchers at Ohio State University have determined that effective apologies have five elements:expressing regret,explaining what went wrong,acknowledging responsibility,offering to repair the situation and requesting forgiveness.All five aren’t necessary every time.“The more of those elements are included,the more likely the apology is seen as convincing,”says Roy Lewicki,the lead study author.“Acknowledgement of responsibility turns out to be the most important piece,followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration of regret.”
“Sometimes,an immediate apology is called for,” says Antony Manstead,a psychology professor at Cardiff University.“But if one is angry at your wrongdoing,it may be more effective to wait,because his or her anger may stop him or her accepting an apology.Some research suggests that a delay increases an apology’s effectiveness because it conveys that the wrongdoer has had time to reflect on his or her misdeeds,” says Mara Olekalns,a professor of management at Melbourne Business School.“The best time to apologise is when one feels ready to sincerely apologise,” says Etienne Mullet,research director of the Ethics and Work Laboratory at the Institute of Advanced Studies.“There is nothing worse in these situations than insincere apologies.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要说明了道歉是一个人道德品质的标志并阐述了应如何做有效的道歉。
( )1.Why do many people feel uncomfortable to apologise
[A]Because they are kind and considerate people.
[B]Because they are afraid of losing face.
[C]Because they believe themselves right.
[D]Because they have high moral standards.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知,对许多人来说,道歉是一种有压力的、令人尴尬的、不舒服的行为。故选B。
( )2.What is the most important when it comes to making an effective apology
[A]To express regret.
[B]To express what went wrong.
[C]To accept responsibility.
[D]To request forgiveness.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知,有效的道歉中最重要的便是承担责任。故选C。
( )3.What can be inferred about an apology from the last paragraph
[A]The sooner,the better.
[B]The later,the better.
[C]The more often,the better.
[D]The more genuine,the better.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句可知,没有什么比不真诚的道歉更糟糕的了;也就是说道歉时,态度越诚恳越好。故选D。
( )4.What is the passage mainly about
[A]How you can make an effective apology.
[B]Why people avoid apologising.
[C]What benefits you can get from an apology.
[D]When you can make a heartfelt apology.
A
【解析】 主旨大意题。文章第一段指出许多人拒绝道歉;第二段讲述了真诚的道歉有积极的影响;第三、第四段就做有效的道歉进行了说明。故选A。
B
We often hear honesty is the best policy,and no one likes to be called a liar.But is dishonesty always wrong
Not necessarily.
According to psychologists,there are two types of lies:Lies that help your relationships and the people around you are called pro-social lies;and lies that hurt them are called antisocial lies.
How often have you clicked “Like” on line,not because you actually like what your friends posted,but because you want to show your support This white lie is an example of a pro-social lie.But when people tell lies on social networks to make their own lives seem more exciting,or to make others jealous,this is antisocial lying.
Workplace lies range from harmless lies to destructive untruthful statements.An example of a pro-social workplace lie is complimenting someone on his or her presentation— even though it was only average — because you know he or she was nervous beforehand.In this case,your intention is simply to protect your colleague’s feelings.However,people sometimes tell bigger lies at work for the purpose of avoiding blame or to stay on the boss’s good side.These are antisocial lies.They are antisocial because your boss is likely to discover the truth and as a result,will probably stop trusting you.
Lying is also a significant part of the natural world.So it’s little wonder we resort to it almost reflexively.Human babies sometimes pretend to cry,
check to see if anyone is listening,and then start crying again.By the age of five,children learn to say things that are completely untrue,and most
nine-year-olds have mastered keeping secrets to protect themselves.
Lying can be incredibly harmful to our relationships and to the people around us.But that’s only true for antisocial lies.Pro-social lies have the opposite effect— they can actually help us.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了谎言的两种类型。一种是有助于你的人际关系和周围人的亲社会谎言,另一种是伤害他人的反社会谎言。
( )5. What may help us tell a pro-social lie from an antisocial lie
[A]The purpose it serves.
[B]The way it is told.
[C]The occasion where it is told.
[D]The people it is told to.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段的第二、第三句可知,职场上亲社会谎言的一个例子是在某人紧张时称赞他,此举的意图只是保护某人的情感。根据第五段的第四、第五句可知,人们有时会在工作中说更大的谎言,目的是避免受到指责或保持老板对自己的好感。这些都是反社会谎言。由此可推知,辨别出说谎行为的目的可以帮助我们区分亲社会谎言和反社会谎言。故选A。
( )6. Why does the author mention bigger lies at work
[A]Because they tend to avoid blame or to stay on the boss’s good side.
[B]Because they prove that workplace lies can be destructive.
[C]Because they show the intention of protecting others.
[D]Because they help with hiding the truth.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段的第一句可知,职场谎言涉及从无害的谎言到破坏性的不实陈述。由第五段的最后三句可知,作者提及工作中更大的谎言是为了证明职场谎言可能具有破坏性。故选B。
( )7.Which statement is supported by the passage
[A]We usually tell pro-social lies to protect our own feelings.
[B]Lying always hurts both the liar and the person being lied to.
[C]Lying on social media is pro-social,but face-to-face lying isn’t.
[D]Sometimes,making people feel good benefits more than telling the absolute truth.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,亲社会谎言实际上有助于我们的人际关系,保护周围人的情感不受伤害,由此可推知,作者会同意“有时候,让人们感觉良好比说出真相更有好处”。故选D。
( )8.What’s the text intended to do
[A] To warn that lies could harm us.
[B]To make it clear that lying is a second nature.
[C]To persuade that there are some lies that we need to tell.
[D]To remind that honesty is the best policy.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一、第二段内容可知,我们经常听说诚实是上策,没有人喜欢被称为骗子。但不诚实总是错的吗 不一定。结合最后一段内容可知,作者认为有时候有必要说谎,亲社会谎言实际上有助于我们的人际关系,保护周围人的情感不受伤害。由此可推知,文章的目的在于说服我们相信有些谎言是我们需要说的。故选C。
Ⅲ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Being caring allows you to live a life based on love.If you want to know how to be more caring,see the following steps to get started.
1. One way to be caring is to put more effort into learning about how other people are doing.When you talk to someone,ask him or her about his or her physical condition,vacations or pets.Trying to ask the little questions can add up to showing that you do care.2.
A
F
Help people in need.You can’t be a caring person if you’re only out to help yourself.Helping other people means helping both the friends and family members who need help,and the less fortunate people in your community,or even people you may not know that well who need assistance.3.
G
Apologise when you need to.4. Therefore,they are quick to apologise when they’ve done something wrong.They are comfortable admitting they’re not perfect.If you know you’ve hurt somebody,then you have to swallow your pride and say sorry to show that you’re aware of how your actions impact others.Doing this shows that you really care,because you think about how others are feeling.
E
Keep track of people.Let people know that you’re thinking about them even when you’re not together.To do this,whether sending a text message after your best friend’s exam,or calling your sister on her birthday is necessary.5. Though it’s unrealistic to talk to friends every day,
contacting at least one friend a week will make a big difference.
C
A.Ask people about their lives.
B.Remember the details about people’s lives.
C.Sending cards also gets the message across.
D.Caring people spend time doing favours for other people.
E.Caring people care about how their actions affect other people.
F.Do not just ask out of duty,but because you genuinely want to care.
G.Keep an eye out for those in need and find a productive way to get involved.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了让自己变得更有爱心的一些策略。
1.【答案】 A
【解析】 空处是段落主题句。根据设空处后一句可知,此处应该是指通过询问来了解人们的生活,A项符合题意。故选A。
2.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据前文“When you talk to someone...showing that you do care.”可知,此处讲询问他人一些生活方面的小问题以表示关心,F项符合语境,承接上文内容。故选F。
3.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据段落首句“Help people in need.”可知,本段建议帮助需要帮助的人。前文“Helping other people means...who need assistance.”具体阐述了要帮助需要帮助的人,G项符合语境,承接上文,选项中的in need呼应前文的in need。故选G。
4.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据设空处后一句以及下文“If you know...how others are feeling.”可知,下文讲述要考虑自己的行为对他人的影响,有错误就要道歉,E项符合语境,故选E。
5.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据最后一段中的“Let people know that...on her birthday is necessary.”可知,此处讲要让人知道你总是想着他们,无论是给他们发短信还是打电话都是有必要的,C项符合语境,说明了另一种关心朋友的方式,故选C。
Ⅳ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
As I walked to the market this morning,I saw an old man in shabby clothes sitting in front of a shop.I thought he was a beggar and made a
1 that on my way back,I should give him whatever 2 I had.
A few feet away was a young man 3 down on the sidewalk,
obviously in a drunken state and nobody took any notice.I thought it was some good-for-nothing drunk who had 4 all his money on alcohol.Soon I finished all my shopping,and walked back along the same road. 5 I reached the point where I saw the beggar,I took out all the 6 change I had.When I got close to him and asked him to take it,he 7 looked into my eyes,but still looked ahead and shook his head,saying he did not need it.I insisted and 8 it into his hand.
As I stood there,proud of my great 9 of charity,the old man slowly walked up to the young man and 10 him awake.I stood there watching with 11 as he walked to the tea shop and asked for something for which he paid with the money I gave,and 12 a bun and a cup of hot tea.He then went back to the young man,helped him to sit,and helped him to eat and drink.
The old man noticed that I was still standing there so he 13 and said that the young boy had not eaten for two days and that was why he fell down on the sidewalk.Suddenly I felt so 14 and admired the 15 of a man who has so little compared to me.He was truly generous.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。作者去集市时,遇到了一个衣衫褴褛的老人,于是就把剩下的零钱给了这位老人,然而老人却用这些钱买了面包和热茶去帮助一个躺在地上的年轻人。作者非常敬佩这位老人。
( )1.
D
【解析】 根据空后的“that on my way back,I should give him whatever
2 I had”可知,这里表示作者决定回来后把零钱给这个老人。make a decision意为“做出决定”。故选D。
[A]difference
[B]choice
[C]request
[D]decision
( )2.
C
【解析】 根据下文中的“I took out all the 6 change I had”可知,这里是change的原词复现,指把零钱给这个老人。故选C。
[A]help
[B]advice
[C]change
[D]strength
( )3.
A
【解析】 根据下文中的“He then went back to the young man,helped him to sit”可知,这个年轻人躺在(lying)人行道上。故选A。
[A]lying
[B]sitting
[C]walking
[D]pacing
( )4.
B
【解析】 根据句中的some good-for -nothing drunk可知,作者认为这个年轻人是一个把所有钱都浪费(wasted)在买酒上的醉汉。故选B。
[A]used
[B]wasted
[C]donated
[D]saved
( )5.
A
[A]Before
[B]Because
[C]If
[D]Although
【解析】 根据空后的“I reached the point where I saw the beggar”和“I took out all the 6 change I had”可知,两个动作之间是先后关系,所以应用Before引导时间状语从句。故选A。
( )6.
C
【解析】 根据上文中的“I should give him whatever 2 I had”可知,购物后作者把自己剩下的(left)所有零钱都拿了出来。故选C。
[A]major
[B]great
[C]left
[D]plain
( )7.
D
【解析】 根据句中的but still looked ahead可知,老人几乎不(hardly)看作者的眼睛,而是看向前方。故选D。
[A]angrily
[B]directly
[C]calmly
[D]hardly
( )8.
A
【解析】 根据空后的it into his hand并结合常识可知,老人不接受零钱,而作者坚持要给他,所以作者就硬把钱塞到了(pushed)老人手中。故选A。
[A]pushed
[B]brought
[C]checked
[D]kept
( )9.
D
【解析】 根据空后的of charity并结合上文作者的行为可知,这里指的是作者的慈善行为(act)。故选D。
[A]goal
[B]issue
[C]job
[D]act
( )10.
A
【解析】 根据空后的him awake可知,老人把这个年轻人摇(shook)醒了。故选A。
[A]shook
[B]touched
[C]kicked
[D]frightened
( )11.
D
【解析】 根据空后内容并结合常识可知,老人收到钱后并没有将其用在自己身上,而是帮助了年轻人,这让作者感到很惊讶(amazement)。故选D。
[A]delight
[B]anxiety
[C]annoyance
[D]amazement
( )12.
C
【解析】 根据and前的“asked for something for which he paid with the money I gave”可知,老人要了一些东西,并用作者给的钱付了款,这里是说付钱后取到了(collected)自己要的东西。故选C。
[A]exchanged
[B]supplied
[C]collected
[D]demanded
( )13.
B
【解析】 根据上文中的“He then went back to the young man,helped him to sit”并结合常识可知,老人扶年轻人坐起来的时候应该自己也身体下蹲,所以对作者说话时应该抬头看向(looked up)作者。故选B。
[A]sat up
[B]looked up
[C]woke up
[D]showed up
( )14.
B
【解析】 根据上文中的“I thought it was...on alcohol.”以及空后的“admired the 15 of a man who has so little compared to me”可知,老人虽然拥有很少,但却很慷慨地帮助他人,这让作者感到自己很渺小(small)。故选B。
[A]great
[B]small
[C]proud
[D]confused
( )15.
C
【解析】 根据下文中的“He was truly generous.”可知,老人非常慷慨(generosity),因此作者很钦佩这位老人。故选C。
[A]responsibility
[B]wisdom
[C]generosity
[D]positivity
Ⅴ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是李华,你的外国朋友Emily在电子邮件中说她非常钦佩中国人民的优秀品质,想了解一位对社会有杰出贡献的人,以便她查阅其相关资料并学习。请你用英语给她回一封电子邮件,向她介绍一位对社会有杰出贡献的中国人。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Emily,
Yours,
Li Hua
[写作指导]
One possible version:
Dear Emily,
I am more than delighted to receive your email.Knowing that you are interested to know a Chinese person who has made an outstanding contribution to society,I would like to introduce Confucius to you.
Confucius,also known as Kongzi,was a renowned educator in ancient China.He dedicated his life to teaching and spreading his wisdom.Not only did he emphasise the pursuit of knowledge,but he also paid more attention to the importance of moral values.To this day,his ideas continue to guide individuals and communities in China and beyond.
Confucius’s life offers valuable lessons.His teachings remind us of the importance of integrity,compassion,and social responsibility.
Yours,
Li HuaListening and Talking — Video Time
写作词汇
1.disguise vt.装扮;假扮;掩盖
n.伪装;化装用具
2.spill vt.& vi.(使)洒出;(使)溢出
3.tear n.眼泪;泪水
4.despair n.绝望
vi.绝望;感到无望
5.might n.力量;威力
6.income n.收入;收益
7.per prep.每;每一
8.therefore adv.因此;所以
阅读词汇
1.chain n.一连串(人或事);链子;链条
2.café n.咖啡馆;小餐馆
3.waitress n.(餐馆的)女服务员;女侍者
4.pregnant adj.怀孕的;妊娠的
5.maple n.枫树;槭树
6.cart n.手推车;运货马车
7.limp vi.跛行;一瘸一拐地走
8.fable n.寓言;寓言故事
9.court n.(网球等的)球场;法院;法庭
拓展词汇
1.harm n.& vt.伤害;损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的;无恶意的
2.flexible adj.灵活的;可变通的→flexibility n.灵活性;弹性→flexibly adv.灵活地;易曲地
3.tension n.紧张关系;紧张;焦虑→tense vt.(使肌肉)拉紧;绷紧 adj.担心的;紧张的
重点词块
1.once upon a time 从前
2.in the middle of 在……中间
3.crash into... 撞到……
4.pick oneself up (跌倒后)爬起来
5.trip over 被……绊倒
6.limp away 一瘸一拐地走了
7.in tears 流着泪;含着泪
8.think about doing sth 思考做某事
9.complain about... 抱怨……
10.make an attempt to do sth 尝试做某事
11.in despair 处于绝望中
12.say to oneself 自言自语
13.with all one’s might 竭尽全力地;全力以赴地
14.a great deal (of) 大量;许多
15.succeed in doing sth 成功做某事
16.belong to 属于
重点句型
1.He crashed into the stone,spilling the milk everywhere.(现在分词作结果状语)
他撞到石头上,把牛奶洒得到处都是。
2.After a while,a group of women came along,each balancing a pot of water on her head.(独立主格结构)
过了一会儿,一群妇女走了过来,每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
3.Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.(neither...nor...)
无论是她自己,还是她的同伴,都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会 ——分享一个有关道德的寓言故事。
2.语篇类型:寓言故事。
3.课文内容分析:
文章主要分享了一个有关道德的寓言故事——《挡道的石头》,讲述了国王为了试探民众面对问题的态度,将一块大石头放在路中央,并将金币藏在石头下方,然后观察人们的反应。虽然很多人对石头带来的麻烦甚至是个人损失有诸多抱怨,但都不愿意自己把石头搬走。最后一位善良诚实的年轻女孩挪开了石头,获得了国王的金币和赞扬。阅读后学生要思考文中的“石头”象征着什么 挪石头的女孩与其他人有什么不同 作为个人,面对社会问题应承担怎样的责任 本文有利于培养学生高尚的社会品德和责任心。
多维解读·浅析结构
【答案】 1.Time 2.Characters 3.Origin 4.Result 5.The lesson
精研细读·深层理解
( )1.What was the king’s original concern about his nation
[A]The people were lazy. [B]The people were greedy.
[C]The people were irresponsible. [D]The people were ungrateful.
( )2.Why did the king place a stone in the middle of the street and hide gold coins under it
[A]Because he wanted to see if anyone would complain.
[B]Because he wanted to see if anyone would move it.
[C]Because he wanted to see if anyone would steal the gold.
[D]Because he wanted to see if anyone would claim the gold.
( )3.Why didn’t the group of women move the stone
[A]Because they were too busy to bother.
[B]Because they thought it was a trap.
[C]Because they didn’t want to be responsible.
[D]Because they didn’t notice the stone.
( )4.What can we infer from the fable
[A]The king regretted what he had done.
[B]The girl and the king found the owner of the coins.
[C]The girl wasn’t surprised at the coins.
[D]The king achieved his goal at last.
( )5.What do you think this fable is trying to tell us
[A]Where there is a will,there is a way.
[B]Everyone should shoulder responsibilities for his community.
[C]Chance favours only the prepared mind.
[D]As you make your bed,you must lie on it.
【答案】 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.B
1.pick oneself up (跌倒后)爬起来,站起来;振作起来
[教材原句] He picked himself up and angrily went away.
他从地上爬起来,气呼呼地走了。
例(读后续写之动作描写)After falling down,the little boy quickly picked himself up and continued to run.
小男孩摔倒后,迅速站起身来,继续奔跑。
例She picked up the fallen book and placed it back on the shelf.
她捡起掉在地上的书并将其放回书架。
例He picked up French when he was in France.
他在法国时学会了法语。
pick up 捡起;(开车)接人;学会;接收;好转;(从海里或危险处)营救,捞救 pick out 挑选出;辨认出;找出 pick and choose 挑拣;精挑细选
[语境运用] 用pick的相关短语填空
The boy quickly bent down to the pen he had dropped.
After the operation,his health is beginning to .
Can you your friend in this group photo
All the dresses are beautiful,so you don’t have to .
【答案】 ① pick up ② pick up ③ pick out ④ pick and choose
2.tear n.眼泪;泪水 vt.撕掉;扯下;扯破
[教材原句] She picked herself up and limped away in tears.
她从地上爬起来,噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了。
例(读后续写之动作描写)Hearing my words,David turned to me tremblingly with tears spilling out of his eyes and expressed he had made a firm determination to finish the cross-country run.
大卫听了我的话,颤抖地转过身来,眼泪夺眶而出,他说他已经下定决心要完成越野赛跑。
例(读后续写之神态描写) Upon hearing the bad news,she froze in her tracks,her lips trembling and tears streaming down her pale cheeks.
听到噩耗,她僵在原地,嘴唇颤抖,泪水顺着苍白的脸颊滑落。
例I ran to my room,in tears,and locked the door behind me.
我泪流满面地跑回自己的房间,把房门锁起来。
·tear down 拆毁;拆除 tear apart 撕毁;撕碎 ·in tears 流着泪;含着泪 burst into tears(相当于burst out crying)突然大哭起来 be filled with tears (眼里)充满泪水 move sb to tears 把某人感动到流泪 hold back one’s tears 忍住泪水 tears of joy 喜悦的泪水
其他常用复数形式的名词如下所示。
earnings薪水、belongings 所有物、surroundings 环境、findings 研究结果、savings 积蓄、congratulations 祝贺、goods 货物、woods 树林、ruins 废墟、instructions说明等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The little boy burst tears when he couldn’t find his mother in the supermarket.
After the argument,she ran out of the room tears.
所有在场听了她的悲伤故事的人无不感动得流泪。
All those present to listen to her sad story .
(读后续写之情感、动作描写)看着这个绝望的女人,我忍不住掉下了眼泪。眼里噙满泪水,我拥抱她,尽力安慰她。她把头靠在我的肩膀上,大哭起来,哭诉着自己的不幸遭遇。
Seeing the woman in despair,I could not .With my eyes ,I tried to comfort her by hugging her.She rested her head on my shoulder and ,sobbing out her unfortunate experience.
【答案】 ① into ② in ③ were moved to tears
④ hold back my tears;filled with tears;burst into tears
3.harm n.& vt.伤害;损害
·harmful adj.有害的
·harmless adj.无害的;无恶意的
[教材原句] Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm
难道整个村子都没有一个人觉得自己有责任让邻居免遭不测吗
例While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin,they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.
虽然太阳的光线会使我们的皮肤衰老并受到损害,但它们也能给我们提供有益的维生
素D。
例The polluted water does harm to people as well as other living things.
受污染的水不仅对人类有害,也对其他生物有害。
例There is no harm in double-checking your answers before submitting the test paper.
交卷前复查答案并无坏处。
·do harm to sb/sth=do sb/sth harm 对某人/某物有害 There is no harm (in) doing sth 做某事无害处 ·be harmful to...对……有害
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Staring at the screen for a long time is (harm) to our eyes.
The chemical substance is considered (harm) to the environment.It doesn’t cause any pollution.
经常熬夜对人的健康危害很大。
Staying up too late frequently people’s health.
晚饭后散散步没有坏处。它有助于消化,还能让你保持健康。
after dinner.It can help with digestion and keep you healthy.
【答案】 ① harmful ② harmless ③ does great harm to/is greatly harmful to ④ There’s no harm in taking a walk
There is no harm in giving up eating junk food for it can do harm to your health.Instead,you can eat more fruit and vegetables and they are harmless.
不吃垃圾食品没有坏处,因为垃圾食品会损害你的健康。相反,你可以多吃水果和蔬菜,它们是无害的。
4.a great deal (of)大量;许多
[教材原句] After a great deal of effort,she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street.
费了好大一番功夫,她终于成功地把石头推到了路边。
例A great deal of evidence shows that forming a good habit is a gradual process.
大量的证据表明养成一个好习惯是一个循序渐进的过程。
例(2025·浙江1月卷)The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great deal of freedom...
这个平台使里贝罗能够很自由地实现她的梦想……
·a great/good deal of 意为“大量;许多”,只能修饰不可数名词。 ·a great/good deal用作副词短语时,可修饰形容词、副词比较级来加强程度,也可以修饰动词作状语。 ·a great deal用作名词短语时,意为“大量;许多”,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
在表达“大量;许多”时,修饰不可数名词常用a great/good deal of、much、a large amount of/large amounts of等;修饰可数名词常用many、quite a few、a number of、a great/good many等;既修饰可数名词又修饰不可数名词常用a lot of/lots of、plenty of、a large quantity of/large quantities of等。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
So far,a great deal of information (gather) on the value of the project.
Large quantities of trees (plant) to protect the environment recently.
我对很多历史人物都很了解,因为我对历史很感兴趣。
I know because I have a passion for history.
【答案】 ① has been gathered ② have been planted
③ a great deal about many historical figures
独立主格结构
[教材原句] After a while,a group of women came along,each balancing a pot of water on her head.
过了一会儿,一群妇女走了过来,每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
例The students walked out of the classroom,their laughter filling the corridors.
学生们走出教室,笑声充满了走廊。
例Many things solved,the manager looked much relaxed.
许多事情已经解决,经理看上去轻松了很多。
例Dinner prepared,the family gathered around the table to share interesting stories.
晚餐准备就绪,一家人围坐在餐桌旁分享趣事。
[归纳拓展]
独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的成分构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。独立主格结构可置于主句前、主句后或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开,在句中作状语,相当于一个状语从句。
[语境运用] 把下列句子改为独立主格结构/完成句子
The teacher guided the students and they finished the project successfully.
→ ,they finished the project successfully.
As an important lecture will be given tomorrow,the headmaster has to stay up late into the night.
→ ,the headmaster has to stay up late into the night.
There were no buses available,so we had to walk home.
→ ,we had to walk home.
(读后续写之情感描写)听到他们的计划,伯纳德高兴地跳了起来,感激的泪水夺眶而出。
Hearing their plan,Bernard jumped for joy, .
(读后续写之情感描写)她把头靠在丈夫的肩膀上,脸上洋溢着幸福的笑容。
She rested her head on her husband’s shoulder, .
【答案】 ① The teacher guiding the students ② An important lecture to be given tomorrow
③ There being no buses available ④ tears of gratitude welling up in his eyes ⑤ a smile of happiness spreading across her face
“neither...nor...”句型
[教材原句] Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
无论是她自己,还是她的同伴,都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。
例Neither she nor her parents have taken part in the party yesterday.
她和她的父母都没参加昨天的晚会。
例Neither the students nor the teacher has arrived on time due to the heavy rain.
由于大雨,学生们和老师都没有准时到达。
·“neither...nor...”表示“既不……,也不……”,用来连接两个并列成分;如果连接两个并列主语,谓语动词采取“就近一致”原则。 ·“neither...nor...”连接两个句子且置于句首时,前后两句都要用部分倒装语序。
遵循“就近一致”原则的结构还有either...or...要么……,要么……;not only...but also...不仅……,而且……;...or ...……或者……;not...but ...不是……,而是……。
[语境运用] 完成句子
无论是游客还是导游,都不熟悉这条新路线。
Neither the tourists .
这个解决方案既不节省时间也不节省成本。
This solution is .
学生们和老师都不知道她行为如此奇怪的原因。
Neither the students nor the teacher why she is behaving so strangely.
不仅露西而且她的朋友们都要参加划船比赛。
Not only Lucy but also her friends the boat race.
【答案】 ① nor the guide is familiar with this new route ② neither time-saving nor cost-effective ③ knows the reason ④ are going to take part in
[教材原句] Now the gold is yours, because you are the only person who has learnt the lesson I wanted to teach my people.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句。 是because 引导的原因状语从句, 是who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the only person, 是定语从句,修饰先行词the lesson。
自主翻译:现在,金币归你了,因为我想教给我的子民的道理,只有你学会了。
[语境运用] 情境写作
现在这个奖归你了,因为你是唯一一个完成我命制的所有题目的学生。
Now the prize is yours, that I created.
【答案】 because you are the only student who has completed all the exercises
写作微专题2 Write a review of a moral fable
1.文体类型:寓言故事评论,属于议论文范畴,常使用拟人、比喻、象征等修辞手法,以借喻的方式来揭示有教育意义的主题或深刻的道理。
2.要点内容:
(1)一位国王为了试探民众的社会责任感,把石头放在路中央,并把金币藏在石头下方;
(2)人们对石头的不同态度;
(3)一个善良诚实的年轻女孩挪开了石头,获得了金币和国王的赞扬。
[思路指引]
1.寓言故事评论首段常用句式
The story is about...
The author writes about...
This fable describes...
2.寓言故事评论中段常用句式
The author is using the story to criticise...
The author has done a good job in symbolising ...
The author tries to warn against...
One example of this from real life is...
3.寓言故事评论尾段常用句式
I like the story because...
What impresses me most is that...
I’m not sure whether...but...
I would love to share the story with...
你最近又读了中国古代寓言故事《守株待兔》(Waiting for Gains without Pains),从中学到了很多生活哲理,你打算用英语写一篇短文把这则寓言故事分享给你的外国朋友,希望他们能对中国文化有更多的了解,同时能从中学到一些人生的道理。要点包括:
1.对故事的简要介绍;
2.你从中悟出的人生哲理;
3.你的希望。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
I read the fable titled Waiting for Gains without Pains again recently.
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1. adj.道德的;道义上的
n.品行;道德;寓意
2. vt.(举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图
3. adj.珍稀的;宝贵的
4. vi.& vt.抱怨;发牢骚;投诉
5. adj.遥远的
6. n.道德原则;法则;原则
7. adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
8. n.事故;车祸;失事
9. n.寓言;寓言故事
10. 处于绝望中
11. 大量;许多
【答案】 1.moral 2.illustrate 3.precious 4.complain 5.faraway 6.principle
7.scared 8.accident 9.fable 10.in despair 11.a great deal (of)
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.这则寓言讲述了古代一个遥远乡村的农夫。
This fable describes a farmer in ancient times.
2.他正在地里干活,突然发生了一件意外的事:一只受惊的野兔从他身边跑过,撞在树上,绝望地死去了。
He was working in his field when happened: ran past him,crashed into the tree and .
3.他得以吃到了美味的野兔肉。从那时起,他就只等着另一只野兔撞在树上。
He delicious meat of the hare.From then on,he just another one to crash against the tree.
4.然而,没有更多的野兔出现,这使他抱怨了很多。
However,no more hares turned up,which caused him to .
5.日子一天天过去,到了收获的季节,但他却没有任何庄稼可以收割。
Days passing by, but he had no crops to gather at all.
6.这个寓言故事生动地说明了一个普遍的原则。
The moral story .
7.成功没有捷径,我们不能依靠运气来得到我们想要的。
There is no shortcut to success and we can’t rely on luck .
8.相反,辛勤劳动是最珍贵的。
Instead,working hard is .
9.我希望每个人都能发现这个故事既有趣又鼓舞人心。
I hope everyone can find the story .
【答案】 1.in a faraway village 2.an accident;a scared hare;died in despair 3.was able to eat;waited for 4.complain a great deal 5.it was time for harvest 6.illustrates vividly a universal principle 7.to get what we want 8.the most precious
9.interesting and inspiring
1.将第1句和第2句用非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
2.将第4句用非谓语进行改写升级。
3.将第6句和第7句用同位语从句进行改写升级。
4.将第8句用强调句型进行改写升级。
【答案】 1.This fable describes a farmer in a faraway village in ancient times,who was working in his field when an accident happened:a scared hare ran past him,crashed into the tree and died in despair.
2.However,no more hares turned up,causing him to complain a great deal.
3.The moral story illustrates vividly a universal principle that there is no shortcut to success and we can’t rely on luck to get what we want.
4.Instead,it is working hard that is the most precious.
I read the fable titled Waiting for Gains without Pains again recently.
This fable describes a farmer in a faraway village in ancient times,who was working in his field when an accident happened:a scared hare ran past him,crashed into the tree and died in despair.He was able to eat delicious meat of the hare.From then on,he just waited for another one to crash against the tree.However,no more hares turned up,causing him to complain a great deal.Days passing by,it was time for harvest but he had no crops to gather at all.
The moral story illustrates vividly a universal principle that there is no shortcut to success and we can’t rely on luck to get what we want.Instead,it is working hard that is the most precious.I hope everyone can find the story interesting and inspiring.
假设你是李华,学校英文网站开设了“Your words”专栏,收集学生对寓言故事的读后感。请根据你所熟知的一则寓言故事写一篇英文读后感进行投稿。内容包括:
1.该故事的寓意;
2.怎样做一个诚实的学生(举例说明);
3.你的看法(诚实的重要性)。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头已给出,不计入总词数。
Almost all of us heard the story “Here Comes the Wolf” when we were little kids.
One possible version:
Almost all of us heard the story “Here Comes the Wolf” when we were little kids. Repeated lies made the villagers no longer believe the boy.So when the wolf really came,no one helped him,resulting in the death of all his sheep.This is the result of the boy’s own dishonesty,which also makes me understand the importance of honesty.
How can we be honest students Personally speaking,we must complete our homework carefully,instead of copying others’ answers.In addition,whenever we make a mistake,admit it and apologise to others.
In short,integrity is the foundation of being a great person.Only when we possess it can we truly live a happy life.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之 “点” 情感 描写 complain vi.& vt.抱怨;发牢骚→complaint n.投诉;抱怨 scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓;使害怕vi.受惊吓→scary adj.吓人的;恐怖的 tension n.紧张关系;紧张→tense adj.担心的;紧张的 in tears流着泪;含着泪
动作 描写 faint vi.昏倒;晕厥 illustrate vt.(举例)说明;阐明 respond vt.回答;回复vi.做出反应;回应 reject vt.拒绝接受;不录用 tend vt.照顾;照料 whisper vi.& vt.悄声说;耳语 assist vt.帮助;援助 carry sb through sth帮助某人渡过难关
人物 描写 moral adj.道德的 n.品行;道德 virtue n.高尚的道德;美德 energetic adj.精力充沛的
读后续写 微技能之 “线” At age 18,instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls,she chose to work and study.(人物描写) Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”,having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.(人物描写) He crashed into the stone,spilling the milk everywhere.“What fool put this stone here ”he shouted.He picked himself up and angrily went away.(动作、情感描写) The king was in despair.(情感描写)
读后续写 微技能之 “面” 读后续写——医院的暖心时刻 在医院的候诊区,紧张的气氛弥漫着。一位年轻的母亲泪流满面,满脸担忧。她的孩子看上去很害怕,正轻声呜咽着。这位母亲开始抱怨等待的时间太长,声音里充满了沮丧。“怎么能让我们等这么久 我的孩子正遭罪呢。” 她说道。 就在这时,一位面带微笑的护士走了过来。她迅速过来帮助这位母亲,试图让她冷静下来。“别担心,女士。我们很快就会给您的孩子看病。” 她轻声低语道。她亲切的话语和温柔的态度帮助这位母亲度过了这艰难的时刻。然后,护士又去照料其他病人了,她的行为彰显了她的敬业精神。 In the waiting area of the hospital,1. hung heavy.A young mother was 2. ,her face full of worry.Her child,3. ,was whimpering softly.The mother started to 4. ,her voice filled with frustration.“How can we be made to wait this long My child is suffering,” she said.Just then,a smiling nurse came over.She quickly assisted the mother,trying to calm her down.“Don’t worry,ma’am.We’ll get your child seen to soon,” she 5. .Her kind words and gentle manner 6. .The nurse then went to tend to other patients,her actions illustrating her dedication to her job. 【答案】 1.a tense atmosphere 2.in tears 3.looking scared 4.complain about the long wait 5.whispered softly 6.carried the mother through this difficult moment
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.illustrate vt.(举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图→illustration n.插图;图解;示例→illustrator n.(书等的)插图画家
2.marriage n.结婚;婚姻→marry v.(和某人)结婚;嫁;娶→married adj.结婚的;已婚的
3.majority n.大部分;大多数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.主修课程
4.complain vi.& vt.抱怨;发牢骚;投诉→complaint n.投诉;抱怨;控告
5.respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应→response n.反应;回答;回复
6.physician n.医师;(尤指)内科医生→physical adj.身体的;肉体的→physically adv.肉体上;身体上→physics n.物理学
7.appoint vt.任命;委派→appointment n.约会;约定;任命→appointed adj.约定的;指定的
8.tend vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于→tendency n.趋势;趋向
9.retire vi.& vt.退休;退职;退出→retirement n.退休→retired adj.退休的
10.scare vt.惊吓;使害怕 vi.受惊吓→scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scary adj.令人害怕的;吓人的;恐怖的
11.sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的→sharpen v.(使)变锋利;(使)改善;(使)提高→sharply adv.急剧地;猛烈地
12.energetic adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的→energy n.精力;活力→energetically adv.精力充沛地
13.operation n.手术;企业;经营→operate vt.& vi.动手术;操作;使运行→operator n.操作员;经营者
14.assist vt.帮助;援助→assistant n.助理;助手→assistance n.帮助;援助
15.memory n.记忆力;回忆→memorise vt.记住;熟记→memorable adj.值得纪念的;难忘的
16.harm n.& vt.伤害;损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的;无恶意的
17.flexible adj.灵活的;可变通的→flexibility n.灵活性;弹性→flexibly adv.灵活地;易曲地
18.tension n.紧张关系;紧张;焦虑→tense vt.(使肌肉)拉紧;绷紧 adj.担心的;紧张的
Ⅱ.重点词块
1.carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关
2.would rather do 宁愿做
3.graduate from 从……毕业
4.in need of 需要
5.at times 有时;偶尔
6.play a key role 发挥主要作用
7.tend to do sth 易于做某事;往往会发生某事
8.be responsible for 对……负责
9.whisper sth into one’s ear 在某人耳边低语某事
10.in memory of 作为对……的纪念
11.crash into... 撞到……
12.pick oneself up (跌倒后)爬起来
13.trip over 被……绊倒
14.in tears 流着泪;含着泪
plain about... 抱怨……
16.in despair 处于绝望中
17.a great deal (of) 大量;许多
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义
To a person nothing is more precious than their life(没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了)...
句式仿写
To me,nothing is more precious than the joy brought by reading various stories(没有什么比阅读各种故事带来的快乐更珍贵的了).
2.动词不定式作后置定语
In 1941,Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed(被任命为) director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital,but just a few months later,the department was closed because of the war.
句式仿写
Lily was the first to rush to the injured bird(冲到受伤的小鸟身边),gently picking it up and placing it in a soft cloth nest.
3.现在分词的完成式作状语
Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”,
having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime(一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名).
句式仿写
Having finished all the homework(做完所有的作业后),all the students except him went out to play.
4.独立主格结构
After a while,a group of women came along,each balancing a pot of water on her head(每个人头上都顶着一罐水).
句式仿写
The students rushed out of the classroom after class,everyone eager to enjoy the freedom of the break(每个人都迫不及待地享受课间休息的自由).
5.neither...nor...
Neither she nor her friends (无论是她自己,还是她的同伴,都没有) thought about moving the stone out of the road.
句式仿写
Neither my brother nor I(我和弟弟都不) plan to attend the family reunion this weekend.(共38张PPT)
UNIT 2 课时作业(一)
(分值:67.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The (困境) of moral choice often demonstrates the complexity of human nature.
2.The manager (委托) the project to the most reliable member of the team.
3.The customers (抱怨) that the service in the restaurant was extremely poor.
4.The government (回应) promptly to the public’s concerns about pollution.
dilemma
entrusted
complained
responded
5.She was overjoyed that her article had been (发表).
6.Actually,the (原则) of morality are the foundation of a just society.
7.One’s behaviour often (阐明) his or her moral character.
8.An (精力充沛的) person is more likely to take positive action and make a difference.
published
principles
illustrates
energetic
9.The company responded quickly to the incident,demonstrating a strong sense of (道德的) responsibility.
10.The startup plans to (雇用) 50 new engineers by the end of the year.
moral
hire
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.She had a (tend) to talk fast when she was nervous.
2.The statistics are a clear (illustrate) of the point I am trying to make.
3.Firefighters trained daily to ensure a rapid (respond) to emergencies.
4.Many famous authors faced (reject) before their first book was published.
tendency
illustration
response
rejection
5.The (major) of consumers prefer eco-friendly packaging to traditional materials.
6.I don’t think teachers will (replace) by computers in the classroom.
7.I’d like to make a (complain) about the book I bought in your shop.
majority
be replaced
complaint
8.Tom studied hard and was willing to help others.Therefore he
(elect) as our monitor.
9.If you want to talk to the manager,you’d better make an
(appoint) with him in advance.
10.The boy was (scare) to cross the street alone.
was elected
appointment
scared
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.The support of his family (陪伴他度过最黑暗的日子) of his illness.
2.He (往往更慷慨) when it came to helping others.
3. (为了应对) the crisis,the company took measures to improve its ethics.
carried him through the darkest days
tended to be more generous
In response to
4.Since my childhood I have found that
(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).
5.When I checked their work,Zhang Rui
(是第一个分享自己故事的人).
nothing is more attractive to me
than reading
was the first to share his story
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共8题;每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Virtue,by definition,is the moral excellence of a person.Morally excellent people have a character made up of virtues valued as good.They are honest,respectful,generous,forgiving and kind,for example.They do the right things,and don’t bend to impulses,urges or desires,but act according to values and principles.Some might say good qualities are inborn.Actually,
virtues need to be cultivated.With the habit of being virtuous,we can take control of our lives and move them in the direction of greater happiness and fulfillment.
Virtues are universal and recognised by all cultures as basic qualities of well-being.However,practising virtues is not easy.So often we know that it takes perseverance to reach our goals,and we still never get there.We know that if we forgive,we’ll be less angry.We know it takes courage to accomplish great things.So why then,if we know what to do,are we still stuck
We have not yet consciously applied a virtue to a given situation so as to change its outcome such as in these examples:Kindness towards someone who is having a bad day can make him or her smile and build rapport;trust in a relationship creates valuable,meaningful relationships;gratitude for a job loss can shift our focus from feeling low to how we can have a more fulfilling career;service to others can change lives,better neighbourhoods and create stronger nations.
We know we are becoming more virtuous people,not only because of the results above but also because of the way other people respond to us.Our friends,families,co-workers,and neighbours will trust and rely on us.They will come to us for guidance and help.They will want to be around us because we inspire them to be better people.Practising virtues allows us to develop our potential,and live a more purposeful and better life.
【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。文章主要讲述了践行美德能让我们开发自己的潜能,过上更有意义、更美好的生活。
( )1.What can we know about virtuous people from the first paragraph
[A]They are born with virtues.
[B]They never make a mistake.
[C]They have a habit of doing good.
[D]They act on the principle of profit.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,道德高尚的人有行善的习惯。故选C。
( )2.What is the second paragraph mainly about
[A]Satisfying careers.
[B]Practice of virtues.
[C]Trust in a relationship.
[D]Basic qualities of well-being.
B
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知,本段主要讲的是践行美德并非易事,需要坚持,故此段与践行美德有关。故选B。
( )3.What does the underlined word “rapport” mean in the third paragraph
[A]A good greeting.
[B]A great atmosphere.
[C]A good goodbye.
[D]A harmonious relationship.
D
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词前面的“Kindness towards someone who is having a bad day can make him or her smile and build”可知,此处是指对那些经历了糟糕的一天的人施以善意,可以让他或她微笑,从而建立“融洽的关系”,所以画线词意为“融洽的关系”。故选D。
( )4.What is the author’s purpose in the last paragraph
[A]To encourage readers to be more virtuous.
[B]To encourage readers to live a purposeful life.
[C]To encourage readers to offer others guidance.
[D]To encourage readers to develop others’ potential.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知,践行美德可以让我们开发自己的潜力,过上更有意义、更美好的生活,故可推断出最后一段作者的目的是鼓励人们践行美德。故选A。
B
In 2015,Professor Wang Zhenyi,who specialises in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)(急性早幼粒细胞白血病),received a letter of thanks from America.The writer of the letter was Mrs Bernadette Giandomenico,who once suffered from APL but was cured with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)(全反式维甲酸),a treatment developed by Wang and his medical team.
Working at Ruijin Hospital,Wang has been devoting his life to the treatment of leukemia.He received the country’s highest honour in science and technology in 2010.
Born in 1924 in Shanghai,Wang was inspired by a family friend’s experience of pursuing a career in medicine as a child.His grandmother’s death caused by typhoid (伤寒) further strengthened his resolve to fight against diseases and rescue patients.With outstanding academic performance,Wang became a doctor at Guangci Hospital,today’s Ruijin Hospital.
In 1978,a research paper from foreign experts gave Wang inspiration on studying how leukemia cells could become normal.His research didn’t progress as expected,
though.In 1983,another research paper shed light on his study.As the paper suggested,
after being treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid,white blood cells in patients with APL could become normal.Considering the difficulties and high cost of producing a drug made from 13-cis-retinoic acid,Wang’s team decided to replace that ingredient with ATRA,and they verified its positive effect after several months’ experiments.In 1986,the drug was first adopted in treating a five-year-old patient.It turned out successful.After eight years of research,Wang’s team eventually made the first breakthrough in the battle against APL.
To make sure every APL patient could afford the medicine,Wang has not patented (获取专利权) his research result to date.“One cannot be a real doctor if one does not have expertise in medicine,” Wang said in an interview.“However,without a kind heart,a skilled doctor may cause harm to patients.”
Having worked in the field of hematopathology (血液病理学) for over 70 years,Wang has been well recognised for his remarkable contribution to saving lives.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了获得了国家最高科学技术奖的王振义教授的个人经历以及他对白血病的研究过程。
( )5.Why did Mrs Giandomenico write a letter to Professor Wang
[A]To express her thanks.
[B]To ask for medical suggestions.
[C]To share her battle against APL.
[D]To update information about APL treatment.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,2015年专门治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)的王振义教授收到了一封来自美国的感谢信。这封信的作者是Bernadette Giandomenico女士,她曾经患有APL,但用全反式维甲酸(ATRA)治愈了,这是王教授和他的医疗团队开发的一种治疗药物。由此可知,她给王教授写信是为了表达她的感激。故选A。
( )6.What increased Wang’s determination to become a doctor
[A]His grandmother’s death.
[B]The example of a family friend.
[C]His great academic achievements.
[D]The inspiration from foreign experts.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句可知,祖母的去世坚定了王振义要成为一名医生的决心。故选A。
( )7.What does the underlined word “verified” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
[A]Denied.
[B]Researched.
[C]Predicted.
[D]Confirmed.
D
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词后文“its positive effect after several months’ experiments...It turned out successful.”可知,团队决定用ATRA代替该成分,并经过几个月的实验验证了其积极作用。由此可推测,画线词verified意为“验证”,与Confirmed“证实”意思一致。故选D。
( )8.What is the best title for the text
[A]The Application of ATRA
[B]A Doctor with a Kind Heart
[C]The Chinese Cure for APL Patients
[D]The Remarkable Honours a Lifesaver Got
B
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了王振义教授的个人经历以及他对白血病的研究过程,他为挽救生命做出了卓越的贡献。由此可知,B项适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。
Ⅴ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Forgiveness is often considered as an important decision to let go of feelings of anger towards someone who you believe has wronged you.
However,while you may be quite generous in your ability to forgive others,
you can be much harder on yourself.1. .
D
Accept the result of your actions
Forgiving yourself is about more than just putting the past behind you and moving on.2. .Facing what you have done or what has happened is the first step towards self-forgiveness.It’s also the hardest step.If you have been making excuses in order to make them seem acceptable,it is time to accept what you have done.
C
Treat yourself with kindness and compassion (同情)
Forgiving yourself requires facing your actions,but it is important to reach this with self-compassion.3. .Try to be compassionate instead of being self-critical (自我批评的).
4.
Making a correction is an important part of forgiveness,even when the person you are forgiving is yourself.One way to move past your regret is to take action to correct your mistakes.
G
A
Learn from the experience
Forgiving yourself often requires finding a way to learn from the experience and make an active effort to do better in the future.To do this,
you need to understand why you behave the way you did and why you feel sorry.What steps can you take to prevent the same behaviours again in the future 5. ,rather than feel sorry about those past mistakes.
F
A. Make a correction
B.Be aware of others’ feelings
C.It is about accepting what has happened
D.The following steps may help you learn how to forgive yourself
E.You need to tell yourself that thoughts are not facts
F.Remind yourself of what you learnt to guide your actions going forward
G.The key is to treat yourself with the same kindness you show to another person
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了宽恕自己的方法。
1.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文内容以及下文中给出的建议可知,设空处应承接上文并能引出下文的建议。D项符合题意,其中The following steps对应下文中给出的建议。故选D。
2.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上下文可知,设空处应描述怎样原谅自己。C项符合题意,其中It is about对应上文“Forgiving yourself is about more than”以及“accepting what has happened”对应下文“Facing what you have done or what has happened”。故选C。
3.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据小标题以及设空处前的内容可知,设空处应描述要怎样善待自己。G项符合题意,其中“treat yourself with the same kindness”对应小标题中的“Treat yourself with kindness”。故选G。
4.【答案】 A
【解析】 设空处为小标题,所以应能总结下文。根据下文可知,小标题的内容应为改变自己,做出修正。A项能概括下文,符合题意。故选A。
5.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据小标题“Learn from the experience”和设空处前后的内容可知,设空处应描述应该怎样做才能防止同样的行为再次发生。F项中的“what you learnt”对应小标题“Learn from the experience”。故选F。UNIT 2 课时作业(一)
(分值:67.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.The (困境) of moral choice often demonstrates the complexity of human nature.
2.The manager (委托) the project to the most reliable member of the team.
3.The customers (抱怨) that the service in the restaurant was extremely poor.
4.The government (回应) promptly to the public’s concerns about pollution.
5.She was overjoyed that her article had been (发表).
6.Actually,the (原则) of morality are the foundation of a just society.
7.One’s behaviour often (阐明) his or her moral character.
8.An (精力充沛的) person is more likely to take positive action and make a difference.
9.The company responded quickly to the incident,demonstrating a strong sense of (道德的) responsibility.
10.The startup plans to (雇用) 50 new engineers by the end of the year.
【答案】 1.dilemma 2.entrusted 3.complained 4.responded 5.published 6.principles
7.illustrates 8.energetic 9.moral 10.hire
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.She had a (tend) to talk fast when she was nervous.
2.The statistics are a clear (illustrate) of the point I am trying to make.
3.Firefighters trained daily to ensure a rapid (respond) to emergencies.
4.Many famous authors faced (reject) before their first book was published.
5.The (major) of consumers prefer eco-friendly packaging to traditional materials.
6.I don’t think teachers will (replace) by computers in the classroom.
7.I’d like to make a (complain) about the book I bought in your shop.
8.Tom studied hard and was willing to help others.Therefore he (elect) as our monitor.
9.If you want to talk to the manager,you’d better make an (appoint) with him in advance.
10.The boy was (scare) to cross the street alone.
【答案】 1.tendency 2.illustration 3.response 4.rejection 5.majority 6.be replaced
7.complaint 8.was elected 9.appointment 10.scared
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.The support of his family (陪伴他度过最黑暗的日子) of his illness.
2.He (往往更慷慨) when it came to helping others.
3. (为了应对) the crisis,the company took measures to improve its ethics.
4.Since my childhood I have found that (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).
5.When I checked their work,Zhang Rui (是第一个分享自己故事的人).
【答案】 1.carried him through the darkest days 2.tended to be more generous 3.In response to 4.nothing is more attractive to me than reading 5.was the first to share his story
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共8题;每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Virtue,by definition,is the moral excellence of a person.Morally excellent people have a character made up of virtues valued as good.They are honest,respectful,generous,forgiving and kind,for example.They do the right things,and don’t bend to impulses,urges or desires,but act according to values and principles.Some might say good qualities are inborn.Actually,virtues need to be cultivated.With the habit of being virtuous,we can take control of our lives and move them in the direction of greater happiness and fulfillment.
Virtues are universal and recognised by all cultures as basic qualities of well-being.
However,practising virtues is not easy.So often we know that it takes perseverance to reach our goals,and we still never get there.We know that if we forgive,we’ll be less angry.We know it takes courage to accomplish great things.So why then,if we know what to do,are we still stuck
We have not yet consciously applied a virtue to a given situation so as to change its outcome such as in these examples:Kindness towards someone who is having a bad day can make him or her smile and build rapport;trust in a relationship creates valuable,meaningful relationships;gratitude for a job loss can shift our focus from feeling low to how we can have a more fulfilling career;service to others can change lives,better neighbourhoods and create stronger nations.
We know we are becoming more virtuous people,not only because of the results above but also because of the way other people respond to us.Our friends,families,co-workers,and neighbours will trust and rely on us.They will come to us for guidance and help.They will want to be around us because we inspire them to be better people.Practising virtues allows us to develop our potential,and live a more purposeful and better life.
【语篇导读】 本文是议论文。文章主要讲述了践行美德能让我们开发自己的潜能,过上更有意义、更美好的生活。
( )1.What can we know about virtuous people from the first paragraph
[A]They are born with virtues.
[B]They never make a mistake.
[C]They have a habit of doing good.
[D]They act on the principle of profit.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,道德高尚的人有行善的习惯。故选C。
( )2.What is the second paragraph mainly about
[A]Satisfying careers.
[B]Practice of virtues.
[C]Trust in a relationship.
[D]Basic qualities of well-being.
【答案】 B
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知,本段主要讲的是践行美德并非易事,需要坚持,故此段与践行美德有关。故选B。
( )3.What does the underlined word “rapport” mean in the third paragraph
[A]A good greeting.
[B]A great atmosphere.
[C]A good goodbye.
[D]A harmonious relationship.
【答案】 D
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词前面的“Kindness towards someone who is having a bad day can make him or her smile and build”可知,此处是指对那些经历了糟糕的一天的人施以善意,可以让他或她微笑,从而建立“融洽的关系”,所以画线词意为“融洽的关系”。故选D。
( )4.What is the author’s purpose in the last paragraph
[A]To encourage readers to be more virtuous.
[B]To encourage readers to live a purposeful life.
[C]To encourage readers to offer others guidance.
[D]To encourage readers to develop others’ potential.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知,践行美德可以让我们开发自己的潜力,过上更有意义、更美好的生活,故可推断出最后一段作者的目的是鼓励人们践行美德。
故选A。
B
In 2015,Professor Wang Zhenyi,who specialises in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)(急性早幼粒细胞白血病),received a letter of thanks from America.The writer of the letter was Mrs Bernadette Giandomenico,who once suffered from APL but was cured with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)(全反式维甲酸),a treatment developed by Wang and his medical team.
Working at Ruijin Hospital,Wang has been devoting his life to the treatment of leukemia.He received the country’s highest honour in science and technology in 2010.
Born in 1924 in Shanghai,Wang was inspired by a family friend’s experience of pursuing a career in medicine as a child.His grandmother’s death caused by typhoid (伤寒) further strengthened his resolve to fight against diseases and rescue patients.With outstanding academic performance,Wang became a doctor at Guangci Hospital,today’s Ruijin Hospital.
In 1978,a research paper from foreign experts gave Wang inspiration on studying how leukemia cells could become normal.His research didn’t progress as expected,though.In 1983,another research paper shed light on his study.As the paper suggested,after being treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid,white blood cells in patients with APL could become normal.Considering the difficulties and high cost of producing a drug made from 13-cis-retinoic acid,Wang’s team decided to replace that ingredient with ATRA,and they verified its positive effect after several months’ experiments.In 1986,the drug was first adopted in treating a five-year-old patient.It turned out successful.After eight years of research,Wang’s team eventually made the first breakthrough in the battle against APL.
To make sure every APL patient could afford the medicine,Wang has not patented (获取专利权) his research result to date.“One cannot be a real doctor if one does not have expertise in medicine,” Wang said in an interview.“However,without a kind heart,a skilled doctor may cause harm to patients.”
Having worked in the field of hematopathology (血液病理学) for over 70 years,Wang has been well recognised for his remarkable contribution to saving lives.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了获得了国家最高科学技术奖的王振义教授的个人经历以及他对白血病的研究过程。
( )5.Why did Mrs Giandomenico write a letter to Professor Wang
[A]To express her thanks.
[B]To ask for medical suggestions.
[C]To share her battle against APL.
[D]To update information about APL treatment.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,2015年专门治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)的王振义教授收到了一封来自美国的感谢信。这封信的作者是Bernadette Giandomenico女士,她曾经患有APL,但用全反式维甲酸(ATRA)治愈了,这是王教授和他的医疗团队开发的一种治疗药物。由此可知,她给王教授写信是为了表达她的感激。
故选A。
( )6.What increased Wang’s determination to become a doctor
[A]His grandmother’s death.
[B]The example of a family friend.
[C]His great academic achievements.
[D]The inspiration from foreign experts.
【答案】 A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句可知,祖母的去世坚定了王振义要成为一名医生的决心。故选A。
( )7.What does the underlined word “verified” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
[A]Denied. [B]Researched.
[C]Predicted. [D]Confirmed.
【答案】 D
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据画线词后文“its positive effect after several months’ experiments...It turned out successful.”可知,团队决定用ATRA代替该成分,并经过几个月的实验验证了其积极作用。由此可推测,画线词verified意为“验证”,与Confirmed“证实”意思一致。故选D。
( )8.What is the best title for the text
[A]The Application of ATRA
[B]A Doctor with a Kind Heart
[C]The Chinese Cure for APL Patients
[D]The Remarkable Honours a Lifesaver Got
【答案】 B
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了王振义教授的个人经历以及他对白血病的研究过程,他为挽救生命做出了卓越的贡献。由此可知,B项适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。
Ⅴ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Forgiveness is often considered as an important decision to let go of feelings of anger towards someone who you believe has wronged you.However,while you may be quite generous in your ability to forgive others,you can be much harder on yourself.1. .
Accept the result of your actions
Forgiving yourself is about more than just putting the past behind you and moving on.2. .Facing what you have done or what has happened is the first step towards self-forgiveness.It’s also the hardest step.If you have been making excuses in order to make them seem acceptable,it is time to accept what you have done.
Treat yourself with kindness and compassion (同情)
Forgiving yourself requires facing your actions,but it is important to reach this with self-compassion.3. .Try to be compassionate instead of being self-critical (自我批评的).
4.
Making a correction is an important part of forgiveness,even when the person you are forgiving is yourself.One way to move past your regret is to take action to correct your mistakes.
Learn from the experience
Forgiving yourself often requires finding a way to learn from the experience and make an active effort to do better in the future.To do this,you need to understand why you behave the way you did and why you feel sorry.What steps can you take to prevent the same behaviours again in the future 5. ,rather than feel sorry about those past mistakes.
A. Make a correction
B.Be aware of others’ feelings
C.It is about accepting what has happened
D.The following steps may help you learn how to forgive yourself
E.You need to tell yourself that thoughts are not facts
F.Remind yourself of what you learnt to guide your actions going forward
G.The key is to treat yourself with the same kindness you show to another person
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了宽恕自己的方法。
1.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据上文内容以及下文中给出的建议可知,设空处应承接上文并能引出下文的建议。D项符合题意,其中The following steps对应下文中给出的建议。故选D。
2.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上下文可知,设空处应描述怎样原谅自己。C项符合题意,其中It is about对应上文“Forgiving yourself is about more than”以及“accepting what has happened”对应下文“Facing what you have done or what has happened”。故选C。
3.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据小标题以及设空处前的内容可知,设空处应描述要怎样善待自己。G项符合题意,其中“treat yourself with the same kindness”对应小标题中的“Treat yourself with kindness”。故选G。
4.【答案】 A
【解析】 设空处为小标题,所以应能总结下文。根据下文可知,小标题的内容应为改变自己,做出修正。A项能概括下文,符合题意。故选A。
5.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据小标题“Learn from the experience”和设空处前后的内容可知,设空处应描述应该怎样做才能防止同样的行为再次发生。F项中的“what you learnt”对应小标题“Learn from the experience”。故选F。(共132张PPT)
UNIT 2
MORALS AND VIRTUES
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
The Chinese virtue is an important part of traditional Chinese culture.And it provides spiritual nourishment for the construction of our harmonious society.For us contemporary youth,we should develop good morals and virtues,such as honesty,
kindness,responsibility,diligence and so on.In our society,principles of mutual respect and kindness are reflected in concrete actions,whether it’s actively volunteering in the community or assisting others who are in a dilemma.We should also respond to challenges with sharp thinking and positive action.In short,it’s important to illustrate our positive tendencies through words and actions,which can help build a better future for all.
中华美德是中国传统文化的重要组成部分,为构建和谐社会提供了精神滋养。对于当代青年而言,我们应该培养良好的道德和美德,如诚实、友善、负责任、勤奋等。在我们的社会中,相互尊重和与人为善的原则体现在具体的行动中——无论是积极参加社区志愿活动,还是帮助陷入困境的人。我们还应该以敏锐的思维和积极的行动应对挑战。总之,重要的是通过语言和行动来表明我们的积极倾向,这有助于为所有人建立一个更美好的未来。
Listening and Speaking — Discovering Useful Structures
Part 1
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
写作词汇
1. n.高尚的道德;美德;优秀品质
2. adj.珍稀的;宝贵的
3. vt.委托;交付
4. vt.聘任;雇用;租用
n.租借;租用
5. adj.遥远的
6. n.十年;十年期
virtue
precious
entrust
hire
faraway
decade
7. adj.被动的;顺从的
8. n.事故;车祸;失事
9. vi.& vt.悄声说;耳语;低语
n.耳语(声);低语(声);传言;谣传
10. n.子夜;午夜
11. n.进口;进口商品
vt.进口;输入;引进
passive
accident
whisper
midnight
import
12. n.出口;出口商品
vt.出口;输出;传播
13. vt.& vi.咬;叮;蜇
n.咬;(咬下的)一口;咬伤
export
bite
1.moral adj.
n.
2.dilemma n.
3.faint vi.
adj.
4.tuition n.
阅读词汇
道德的;道义上的
品行;道德;寓意
进退两难的境地;困境
昏倒;晕厥
不清楚的;微弱的
(小组)教学;讲课
5.fee n.
6.union n.
7.colleague n.
8.clinic n.
9.elsewhere adv.
10.staff n.
11.saving n.
[pl.]
专业服务费;报酬
协会;联合会;工会
同事;同僚
诊所;门诊部
在别处;去别处
员工;全体职员
节省物;节省;节约
储蓄金;存款
12.kindergarten n.
13.principle n.
14.pole n.
15.lap n.
16.lip n.
17.chairman n.
学前班;幼儿园
道德原则;法则;原则
(行星的)极;地极
(坐着时的)大腿部;(跑道等的)一圈
嘴唇
主席;主持人;董事长
1. vt.(举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图→illustration n.插图;图解;示例→illustrator n.(书等的)插图画家
2. n.结婚;婚姻→marry v.(和某人)结婚;嫁;娶→married adj.结婚的;已婚的
3. n.大部分;大多数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修n.主修课程
4. vi.& vt.抱怨;发牢骚;投诉→complaint n.投诉;抱怨;控告
拓展词汇
illustrate
marriage
majority
complain
5. vt.回答;回复vi.做出反应;回应→response n.反应;回答;回复
6. n.奖学金→scholar n.学者;奖学金获得者
7. n.医师;(尤指)内科医生→physical adj.身体的;肉体的→
physically adv.肉体上;身体上→physics n.物理学
8. vt.拒绝接受;不录用→rejection n.拒绝接受;否决
respond
scholarship
physician
reject
9. vt.任命;委派→appointment n.约会;约定;任命→appointed adj.约定的;指定的
10. vt.选举;推选→election n.选举;推选;当选
11. vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于→tendency n.趋势;趋向
12. vt.发表(作品);出版→publisher n.出版者;出版商
appoint
elect
tend
publish
13. vi.& vt.退休;退职;退出→retirement n.退休→retired adj.退休的
14. vt.惊吓;使害怕vi.受惊吓→scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scary adj.令人害怕的;吓人的;恐怖的
15. adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的→sharpen v.(使)变锋利;(使)改善;(使)提高→sharply adv.急剧地;猛烈地
16. n.保险;保险业→insure vt.投保;为……提供保险
retire
scare
sharp
insurance
17. adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的→energy n.精力;活力→
energetically adv.精力充沛地
18. vt.接替;取代;更换→replacement n.更换;更替
19. n.手术;企业;经营→operate vt.& vi.动手术;操作;使运行→
operator n.操作员;经营者
20. vt.帮助;援助→assistant n.助理;助手→assistance n.帮助;援助
21. n.记忆力;回忆→memorise vt.记住;熟记→memorable adj.值得纪念的;难忘的
energetic
replace
operation
assist
memory
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.a look into the heart of
2.carry sb through sth
3.tuition fees
4.would rather do
5.graduate from
6.in need of
7.at times
窥见……的内心世界
帮助某人渡过难关
学费
宁愿做
从……毕业
需要
有时;偶尔
8.play a key role
9.tend to do sth
10.care for
11.be responsible for
12.treat...as...
13.be known as...
14.in one’s lifetime
发挥主要作用
易于做某事;往往会发生某事
关心;照顾
对……负责
把……视为……
作为……而出名
在某人的一生中
15.be/lie dying
16.whisper sth into one’s ear
17.first aid
18.pass away
19.in memory of
弥留之际
在某人耳边低语某事
急救
去世
作为对……的纪念
1.To a person ,...(“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义)
对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了,……
2.She responded,“ !”(would rather do sth)
她回答:“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人,也要学医!”
重点句型
nothing is more precious than their life
I’d rather stay single to study all my life
3.In 1941,Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever
director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital,but just a few months later,the department was closed because of the war.(动词不定式作后置定语)
1941年,林医生成为北京协和医学院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任,但是仅仅数月之后,妇产科就因为战争而关闭。
to be appointed
4. ,she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, .
(though引导让步状语从句;现在分词的完成式作状语)
虽然林巧稚终身未婚,但是她被称为“万婴之母”,她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
Though Lin Qiaozhi never married
having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与社会——学习做出人生抉择。
2.语篇类型:人物传记。
3.课文内容分析:
文章按照时间顺序叙述了我国著名医学家林巧稚的一生,其中着重描写了她曾面临的人生抉择。她所做出的抉择无不反映了她坚定的信念、美好的心灵、高度的职业责任感和奉献精神。从她的人生抉择中,学生能够感受到她身上的仁善、自强、勤奋、执着、敬业、慷慨,还有高度的责任感和广博的爱心。这些美好的品质不仅值得学生学习,还能启发学生反思自我,思考如何面对人生抉择,认真选择未来的道路,全力以赴地面对人生的挑战。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
MOTHER OF TEN THOUSAND BABIES
student
work and study
physician
tending
training
married
精研细读·深层理解
▲
( )1.How is the passage developed
[A]By following time order.
[B]By following space order.
[C]By comparing facts.
[D]By listing numbers.
A
( )2.Why did Lin Qiaozhi choose to study medicine
[A]Because she wanted to win the Wenhai Scholarship.
[B]Because she wanted to become a famous doctor.
[C]Because she wanted to help others and make a difference.
[D]Because she wanted to follow the traditional path.
C
( )3.What does the word “tending” in the fifth paragraph probably mean
[A]Look forward to.
[B]Take care of.
[C]Give up.
[D]Lose interest in.
B
( )4.What does the passage mainly tell us
[A]It tells why Dr Lin Qiaozhi chose to be a doctor.
[B]It tells what Dr Lin Qiaozhi did for the patients.
[C]It tells how Dr Lin Qiaozhi became successful.
[D]It tells that Dr Lin Qiaozhi made great contributions to Chinese medical industry.
D
( )5.What’s the most likely purpose of the author in writing this passage
[A]To praise Dr Lin Qiaozhi’s achievements.
[B]To encourage more people to become doctors.
[C]To show the difficulties in the medical field.
[D]To tell the story of Dr Lin Qiaozhi’s life.
A
二次开发·深研课文
▲
Lin Qiaozhi was born in 1901.When she was only five,her mother died suddenly,1. deeply affected her.At age 18,she chose to work and study rather than go into 2. (marry) like the majority of girls at that time.When her brother complained,Lin responded,“I’d rather
3. (stay) single to study all my life!”
which
marriage
stay
In 1929,Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) with the highest prize given to graduates.She immediately became the first woman ever 4. (hire) as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.5. (work) for a few years,Lin was sent to study in Europe.In 1939,her American colleagues,
6. were greatly impressed by her,invited her to stay,but she rejected the offer and returned to China.
to be hired
Having worked
who
In 1941,Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.However,
because of the war,the department was closed.Dr Lin started a private clinic and continued to treat patients.When the new People’s Republic of China
7. (found),Dr Lin was busy tending patients,publishing
8. (medicine) research and training staff.
Although Dr Lin never married,she was known 9. the “mother of ten thousand babies”.She didn’t retire from her position 10. she died in 1983.
was founded
medical
as
until
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.carry sb through sth帮助某人渡过难关
[教材原句] These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman,and what carried her through a life of hard choices.
林巧稚医生这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界,并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。
例Their faith,together with the courage,carried them through.
他们的信念和勇气帮助他们渡过了难关。
例Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good cause
为什么不像林巧稚一样在医学院学习并继续她的崇高事业呢
例The new project was carried out successfully despite the challenges.
尽管面临挑战,这个新项目还是成功地实施了。
carry on 开展;维持;继续
carry out 履行;实施;落实;完成(任务)
归纳拓展
carry through 完成;进行到底
carry out 履行;实施;落实;完成(任务)
carry on 开展;维持;继续
carry forward 继承;弘扬
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
We need to carry the traditional values and pass them onto the next generation.
(话题写作之人物介绍)尽管考试失败了,我仍相信我的决心和努力会帮助我渡过难关。
Despite the failure of the test,I still believed my determination and hard work tough times.
forward
would carry me through
(读后续写之动作描写)那个老人双腿颤抖地站了起来,继续沿着路慢慢地走着。
The old man rose to his feet on shaky legs,and slowly down the road.
carried on walking
2.majority n.大部分;大多数
·major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.主修课程
·minority n.少数;少部分
[教材原句] At age 18,instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls,she chose to work and study.
十八岁时,她没有像大多数的女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路,而是选择了工作和学习。
例(2025·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Although these campaigns were widespread,the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.
尽管这些运动很普遍,但现实情况是,大多数西方城市都是围绕汽车的需求进行了彻底的重新设计。
the/a majority of...大多数的……
例According to the chart,people who browse English learning websites are in the minority.
依据图表显示,浏览英语学习网站的人占少数。
例(应用文写作之求助信)Please give me some advice on whether I should major in law or English.
请给我一些建议,告诉我应该主修法学还是英语。
in the/a majority 占大多数
major in 主修;专攻
归纳拓展
·the/a majority of...大多数的……
in the/a majority 占大多数
·the/a minority of...少数的……
in the/a minority 占少数
·major in 主修;专攻
①the majority作主语时,若强调整体,谓语动词用单数,若强调个体,谓语动词用复数。
②“the majority of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词视of后名词的单复数形式而定。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The majority of the classrooms in our school (equip) with smart boards.
I believe that students supporting me are the majority.
(话题写作之学校生活)在我们学校,大多数学生积极参加课外活动,比如加入绘画和音乐社团。
In our school, actively participate in extracurricular activities,such as joining the painting and music clubs.
are equipped
in
the/a majority of the students
(应用文写作之申请信)作为一名旅游专业的毕业生,我非常高兴能申请这个职位。
As a graduate ,I feel more than delighted to apply for the position.
majoring in tourism
语
境
串
词
A majority of the students in this college major in computer science because computer science is the major subject in this college at the moment.
这所大学的大多数学生都主修计算机科学,因为计算机科学目前是这所大学的主要学科。
3.complain vi.& vt.抱怨;发牢骚;投诉
·complaint n.投诉;抱怨;控告
[教材原句] “Why should girls learn so much Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother complained,thinking of the high tuition fees.
“女孩子读那么多书做什么 找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿!”她的兄弟一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。
例His parents often complain about his bad habits,so he decides to make a change.
他的父母经常抱怨他的坏习惯,所以他决定做出改变。
complain about/of sth 抱怨某事
例The customer complained to the manager about the poor service.
顾客向经理投诉服务太差。
例I’m writing to make a complaint about the noise,which disturbed residents.
我写信是为了投诉扰民的噪声。
complain to sb (about/of sth) 向某人抱怨/投诉(某事)
make a complaint about...对……进行抱怨/投诉
归纳拓展
·complain to sb (about/of sth) 向某人抱怨/投诉(某事)
complain about/of sth 抱怨某事
complain (to sb) that...(向某人)抱怨/投诉……
·make a complaint about...对……进行抱怨/投诉
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
She always complains the traffic jam on her way to work.
We should encourage people to make reasonable (complain) when they encounter problems.
(应用文写作之投诉信)我想向你投诉贵宾馆的服务员弄坏了我的行李箱。
that the waiter of your hotel broke my suitcase.
(应用文写作之投诉信)我写信是想投诉你们餐厅的服务不好。
I’m writing to the poor service of your restaurant.
about/of
complaints
I’d like to complain to you
make a complaint about或complain about/of
4.respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应
·response n.反应;回答;回复
[教材原句] She responded,“I’d rather stay single to study all my life!”
她回答:“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人,也要学医!”
例Group discussions in class teach us to respect others’ opinions and how to respond to different viewpoints.
课堂上的小组讨论教会我们要尊重他人的观点以及如何回应不同的看法。
respond to...(with...) (用……)对……做出反应/答复
例When asked about the company’s future,the director responded that he remained optimistic.
当被问到公司的未来时,经理回答说他依然乐观。
例Jim wrote a detailed report in response to his boss’s request.
吉姆应老板的要求写了一份详细的报告。
respond that...回答/答复……
in response to 对……进行答复;对……做出反应
归纳拓展
·respond to...(with...) (用……)对……做出反应/答复
respond that...回答/答复……
·in response to 对……进行答复;对……做出反应
make a/no response (to...) (对……)做出回应/不予回答
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
I would be grateful if you could respond my question.
She has received a (respond) from that college to her application.
(话题写作之传统文化)应你的要求,我写信来简要介绍一下京剧。
I’m writing to give a brief introduction to Beijing Opera
.
to
response
in response
to your request
(读后续写之情感描写)他眼里含着后悔的泪水回答道:“我再也不会那样做了,妈妈。”
“I will never do that again,mum,” he in his eyes.
responded with tears of regret
语
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When the client responded to the proposal with a list of concerns,our team immediately held an emergency meeting.In response to their feedback,we revised the budget and timeline.The client later made a positive response to our adjustments,but their legal department responded that they needed further clarification.Despite the challenges,we ensured the project moved forward successfully.
当客户对提案提出一系列担忧后,我们团队立即召开了紧急会议。针对他们的反馈,我们调整了预算和时间线。客户后来对我们的调整做出了积极回应,但他们的法务部门表示需要进一步的澄清。尽管面临挑战,我们仍确保了项目的顺利推进。
5.appoint vt.任命;委派
·appointment n.约会;约定;任命
·appointed adj.约定的;指定的
[教材原句] In 1941,Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital,...
1941年,林医生成为北京协和医学院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任,……
例Appointed as the class monitor,he spared no effort to serve his classmates.
被任命为班长后,他不遗余力地为同学们服务。
例The boss appointed me to organise the activities on that day.
老板委派我去组织那天的活动。
appoint sb as/to be...任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
例He told me later that he was very sorry he was delayed the other day,
and unable to keep an appointment.
他后来告诉我,前几天他因事耽搁无法赴约,对此深表歉意。
keep/break an appointment守/违(爽)约
归纳拓展
·appoint sb as/to be...任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
·by appointment按照约定
make/have an appointment with sb与某人预约/约会
keep/break an appointment守/违(爽)约
·at the appointed time 在约定的时间
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Our headmaster appointed me (introduce) the Chinese tea culture to foreign exchange students.
If you want to see the doctor,you’d better make an (appoint) with him in advance.
to introduce
appointment
(应用文写作之祝贺信)得知你已被任命为学生会主席,我真诚地祝贺你。
Learning that of the Student Union,I sincerely congratulate you.
(应用文写作之道歉信)由于已经与牙医预约,我非常抱歉不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。
Because I the dentist,I am terribly sorry for not being able to accompany you to the bookshop
.
you have been appointed as/to be chairman
have made an appointment with
at the appointed time
语
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He was appointed as manager and he said that he would invite his colleagues to dinner.They all believed that he wouldn’t break his appointment and that he was sure to come at the appointed time.
他被任命为经理,他说要请同事们吃晚饭。他们都相信他不会失约,一定会在约定的时间到。
6.tend vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于
·tendency n.趋势;趋向
[教材原句] She was more interested in tending patients,publishing medical research on care for women and children,and training the next generation of doctors.
她更感兴趣的是治病救人、发表妇幼护理医学研究成果、培养下一代医生。
例(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning.
照料植物是一种在耐心和学习上的锻炼。
tend (to) sb/sth照顾……;护理……
例There is a tendency that a growing number of high school students are extending their knowledge during their spare time.
有一种趋势是,越来越多的高中生正利用他们的空闲时间进行知识拓展。
There is a tendency that...有……的趋势/倾向
归纳拓展
·tend to do sth 易于做某事;往往会发生某事
tend to/towards 趋向……;倾向……
tend (to) sb/sth照顾……;护理……
·have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向
There is a tendency that...有……的趋势/倾向
“照料;护理”的表达还有look after、take care of、keep an eye on、attend to等。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Studies have found that children who spend more time outside tend (be) healthier,better adjusted and better at dealing with stress.
These plants have a (tend) to grow in the rural areas.
to be
tendency
(应用文写作之邀请信)我们往往在写英语作文时犯错误,所以我写信邀请你给我们做一场关于英语写作的在线讲座。
We when writing English compositions,so I am writing to invite you to give us an online talk on English writing.
人们越来越倾向于用电脑打字而不是手写。然而,我更赞成后者。
type by computer rather than write.However,I am more in favour of the latter.
tend to/have a tendency to make mistakes
There is a tendency for people to
7.scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
·scare vt.惊吓;使害怕 vi.受惊吓
·scary adj.令人害怕的;吓人的;恐怖的
[教材原句] She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions.
她在面试时吓得完全忘了该如何回答这些问题。
例(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try something new.
虽然有些同学一开始害怕昆虫并对泥土感到厌烦,但大多数同学都渴望尝试新的东西。
be scared of (doing) sth 害怕(做)某事
例I was scared to tell/of telling you what had happened.
我不敢告诉你们发生了什么。
例I’m scared (that) I’m going to fall.
我害怕自己快掉下去了。
be scared to do sth 害怕做某事
be scared of (doing) sth 害怕(做)某事
be scared (that)...害怕……
归纳拓展
·be scared to do sth 害怕做某事
be scared of (doing) sth 害怕(做)某事
be scared (that)...害怕……
be scared to death 吓得要死
·scare sb into/out of doing sth 恐吓某人做某事/吓得某人不敢做某事
scare...away/off 把……吓跑
It scares sb to do sth 做某事使某人害怕
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
My husband and I were scared (hurt) by the fierce bear.
The look suggested that something must have happened to her.(scare)
This documentary on climate change scared me into (become) more active in reducing my plastic use.
to be hurt
scared
scary
becoming
(读后续写之心理描写)当看到一个人在黑暗中慢慢朝我走来时,我吓得
要死。
when I saw someone walking slowly towards me in the dark.
I was scared to death
语
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The big dog barked really loudly,which scared the cat away/off.The little girl was scared to death too,who was too scared of dogs.
大狗叫得很响,把猫吓跑了。小女孩也被吓得要死,她太害怕狗了。
8.replace vt.接替;取代;更换
·replacement n.更换;更替
[教材原句] The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary.
学生会将在一月份举行一次特别的会议,选举一个人来接替秘书。
例As far as I’m concerned,traditional classes can’t be replaced by online ones.
就我而言,传统课程不能被网课所代替。
例These new facilities will replace/take the place of the old ones.
这些新设备将取代那些旧设备。
例In fact,it’s hard for us to find a replacement for our assistant.
事实上,我们很难找到一个人来代替我们的助手。
replace A with/by B 用B代替/替换A
take the place of代替;取代
a replacement for ……的替代品/替补
归纳拓展
·replace A with/by B 用B代替/替换A
replace sb as...取代某人成为……
·take the place of=take sb’s place 代替;取代
in place of=in sb’s place 代替;取代
·a replacement for ……的替代品/替补
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
In my opinion,face-to-face communication will never (replace) by online chatting completely.
(replace) is guaranteed if the products are not up to the standard.
I am very pleased to take the place Bob to deliver a speech at an opening ceremony.
be replaced
Replacement
of
(读后续写之主旨升华)失去的财富可由勤奋而恢复,但失去的时间却一去不复返。
Lost wealth can industry,but lost time is gone forever.
be replaced with/by
9.assist vt.帮助;援助
·assistance n.帮助;援助
·assistant n.助理;助手
[教材原句] Despite the difficult situation,Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.
尽管情况很艰难,白求恩大夫还是尽其所能帮助中国人民。
例(话题写作之人物描写)Whenever we meet with problems,our English teacher is always there to assist us to overcome them.
每当我们遇到困难时,我们的英语老师总是会帮助我们克服它们。
assist sb to do/in doing sth 帮助某人做某事
例Lacking confidence in cooking,Tom wanted his sister to assist him in preparing the dinner.
由于对烹饪缺乏信心,汤姆想让姐姐在准备晚餐这件事上帮助他。
例With the assistance of her math teacher,Sarah improved her math grades significantly.
在数学老师的帮助下,莎拉的数学成绩显著提高了。
assist sb to do/in doing sth 帮助某人做某事
with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
归纳拓展
·assist sb to do/in doing sth 帮助某人做某事
assist sb in/with sth 在某方面帮助某人
·with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
come/go to one’s assistance 来/去援助某人
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
I am grateful to my English teacher who always assists me my pronunciation.
I am writing to apply to be your teaching .I hold the strong belief that if I go to your ,you will know about our class as quickly as possible.(assist)
(应用文写作之求助信)我想知道你是否能帮助我选择合适的班会主题。
I’m wondering if you could the suitable topics for the class meeting.
in/with
assistant
assistance
assist me to choose/in choosing
语
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When the twins were worried that they couldn’t succeed in making a delicious Mother’s Day breakfast,their father came to their assistance.With the assistance of their father/With their father assisting them/With their father’s assistance,the twins made it,their faces brimming with happy smiles.
正当这对双胞胎担心无法成功做出一顿美味的母亲节早餐时,爸爸来帮她们了。在爸爸的帮助下,这对双胞胎成功了,她们脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容。
重点句式
“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义
▲
[教材原句] To a person nothing is more precious than their life,...
对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了,……
例(应用文写作之邀请信)If you are free,nothing will be better if you can come to China to have first-hand experience of Chinese culture.
如果你有空的话,你能来中国亲身体验中国文化就最好了。
例(读后续写之心理描写)When learning that I won first prize in the writing contest,never had I been more excited.
当得知我在写作比赛中获得一等奖时,我从来没有这么兴奋过。
归纳拓展
最高级意义的多种表达法如下所示。
·否定词+形容词/副词比较级(+than),常用的否定词有no、not、never、nothing、nobody、hardly等,意为“没有什么比……更加……”。
·否定词+so/as+形容词/副词原级+as
[语境运用] 句型转换/完成句子
It is such a wonderful novel that in my eye it is the most moving one that I have read.
→What a wonderful novel! I have .
It is the most inspiring speech that I have heard.
→I have never heard .
(读后续写之主旨升华)对我们来说,没有什么比向处在困境中的人传递善意更重要的了。
To us,nothing is to those in trouble.
never read a more moving one
a more inspiring speech
more important than passing on kindness
(应用文写作之推荐信)我深信没有人比我们班长更适合在幼儿园帮你了。
I hold the strong belief that to assist you in the kindergarten than our monitor.
(读后续写之语言描写)“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐!”妈妈激动地
回答。
“I !” the mother responded excitedly.
nobody is more suitable
have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one
动词不定式作后置定语
▲
[教材原句] She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
例He was the second Chinese athlete to win an Olympic gold medal in this event.
他是第二位在这个项目上获得奥运金牌的中国运动员。
例The first building to be completed in this new area will be used as a community centre.
这个新区域内第一座完工的大楼将会被用作社区中心。
归纳拓展
·当被修饰的词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前面有the next、the only、the last等时,常用动词不定式作后置定语;
·动词不定式作后置定语所修饰的词多是抽象名词,常见的有way、time、ability、chance、ambition、promise、anxiety、answer、reply、attempt、belief等。
[语境运用] 完成句子
(读后续写之心理描写)约翰是第一个想出做爆米花来帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。
John was to help Bernard earn some extra money.He was convinced that he had the ability
Bernard out of the difficulty.
the first person to think of making popcorn
to help
(应用文写作之申请信)我能说一口流利的英语,而且我是班上第一个出国留学的学生。
I can speak fluent English and I am
.
(话题写作之人物介绍)杨利伟不仅是第一个进入太空的中国人,也是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。
Yang Liwei is not only but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.
the first student in my class to study
abroad
the first Chinese to enter space
长难句分析
[教材原句] Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句。主句是“she was known as the ‘mother of ten thousand babies’”, 是though引导的让步状语从句; 是动词-ing形式的完成式,在句中作状语。
自主翻译:虽然林巧稚终身未婚,但是她被称为“万婴之母”,她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
[语境运用] 情境写作
虽然薇拉·凯瑟(Willa Cather)在年幼时几乎没有接受过教育,但她被认为是一位优秀的作家,创作了许多有关西部大草原的作品。
when she was at an early age,she was known as an excellent writer,
.
Although Willa Cather received little education
having created many works
about the western prairie
语法微专题2
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
语法原句再现
...her brother complained,thinking of the high tuition fees.
Thinking of all the people still in need of help,Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”,having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
你能分清以上句子中的动词-ing形式在句中作什么成分吗 动词-ing形式不同的用法有什么不同的意义 你能用动词-ing形式描写人物的行为及其产生的原因、结果或伴随情况吗
语法知识点拨
一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时,与宾语之间是主动关系,即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。它主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。
1.表示感觉和心理状态的动词,如see、hear、feel、smell、watch、find、listen to、look at、notice、observe等。
I could hear the children laughing merrily in the playground during the break between classes.
课间休息时,我能听到孩子们在操场上欢快地笑着。
He saw his classmates discussing the math problem heatedly after class.
课后,他看到同学们在激烈地讨论数学题。
在see、hear、feel、watch等感官动词后,既可用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,也可用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。用动词-ing形式时,表示动作正在进行;用省略了to的动词不定式时,表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。
I saw him run across the road.
我看到他跑过了公路。(强调动作的整个过程)
I saw him running across the road.
我看见他正跑过公路。(强调动作正在进行)
温馨提示
2.表示“指使”等意义的动词,如have、set、keep、leave、get等。
The joke set her crying.
这个玩笑使她哭起来。
It’s cold.We should have the fire burning all the time.
天气冷。我们应该让火一直燃烧着。
3.动词-ing形式在with复合结构中的使用。
在with复合结构中,动词-ing形式充当宾语补足语,表示动作正在进行或主动关系。
With so many people helping her,she made great progress in English.
有这么多的人帮助她,她的英语取得了很大的进步。
动词-ing形式和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别如下所示。
当宾语与作宾语补足语的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时,用动词-ing形式(正在进行或一直处于某种状态);当宾语与作宾语补足语的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时,用过去分词。
We saw him talking to her.
我们看到他正在与她谈话。(动作正在进行)
I saw him beaten by Tom.
我看到他被汤姆打了。(him与beat是被动关系)
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
The coach uses different methods to keep the players (train) hard every day.
I felt someone (pat) me on the shoulder.
She heard someone (knock) at the door gently in the middle of the night.
We saw the athletes (compete) fiercely when we passed by the playground.
training
patting
knocking
competing
二、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式作状语表示在进行一个动作的同时所进行的另一个动作,它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词-ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随。
Listening to music,I cleaned my room.(时间状语)
听音乐的时候,我打扫了我的房间。
Having no money,he couldn’t buy the book he wanted.(原因状语)
因为没钱,他没法买那本他想要的书。
Working hard,you will certainly make progress.(条件状语)
只要刻苦学习,你就会取得进步。
Knowing the task was extremely difficult,she still volunteered to take it on.
(让步状语)
尽管知道这项任务极其困难,但她仍然主动承担了它。
My car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay.(结果状语)
我的车遭遇交通堵塞,于是导致了延误。
Travelling by train,we visited a number of cities.(方式状语)
我们坐火车游览了很多城市。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom,reading a book.(伴随状语)
玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁,正在读一本书。
①动词-ing形式作结果状语,是随着谓语动作的发生而产生的自然结果,其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况,前面有时候可以加thus。而动词不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果,常用only to do结构,其被动形式为only to be done。
She worked hard all night,thus finishing the project ahead of schedule.
她整夜努力工作,结果提前完成了项目。
He rushed to the train station,only to find that the train had already left.
他匆忙赶到火车站,结果却发现火车已经开走了。
温馨提示
②当动词-ing形式的动作先发生,而谓语动词的动作后发生时,用动词-ing形式的完成式。
Having finished the letter,he went to post it.
(having finished 是先发生的,went是后发生的)
他写完信后就去寄信了。
温馨提示
③使用动词-ing形式的主动式还是被动式,这主要取决于动词-ing形式和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是动词-ing形式的逻辑主语。
Having been praised by the teacher,the students were full of confidence.(动词-ing形式的被动式)
被老师表扬后,学生们充满了信心。
Having finished his homework,he went to bed.(动词-ing形式的主动式)
完成作业后,他上床睡觉了。
温馨提示
④动词-ing形式作状语,有时它也可以有自己独立的主语,这种结构被称为独立主格结构,通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况,也可以表示时间、原因或条件。
The weather being fine,we went out for a walk.
天气很好,我们出去散步了。
The meeting being over,everyone left the conference room.
会议结束后,每个人都离开了会议室。
温馨提示
④动词-ing形式作状语,有时它也可以有自己独立的主语,这种结构被称为独立主格结构,通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况,也可以表示时间、原因或条件。
The weather being fine,we went out for a walk.
天气很好,我们出去散步了。
The meeting being over,everyone left the conference room.
会议结束后,每个人都离开了会议室。
温馨提示
⑤有些动词-ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语,它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子,表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的评注性状语有considering考虑到……、generally speaking一般说来、roughly speaking 大致说来、frankly speaking坦率地说、judging from/by由……判断、supposing如果……、providing如果……、assuming 假设……等。
Considering his age,he has done a really good job.
考虑到他的年龄,他已经做得非常好了。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
He glanced over at her, (note) that though she was tiny,she seemed quite healthy.
The fire lasted nearly a month, (leave) nothing valuable.
She looked around the room, (find) that everything was in a mess.
noting
leaving
finding
时间允许的话,我们会参观长城。
,we will visit the Great Wall.
看到那些画,她想起了自己的童年。
,she remembered her childhood.
Time permitting
Seeing those pictures
真题赏析
1.(2025·浙江1月卷)But one day when I heard her (say) “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank.
【解析】 考查动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。设空处是“hear+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语her与say之间为主动关系,应用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。故填saying。
saying
2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and...,Edmondson said...
【解析】 考查动词-ing形式作状语。主语Edmondson和动词recall之间为主动关系,用动词-ing 形式作状语;位于句首,首字母大写。故填Recalling。
Recalling
3.(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America,where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【解析】 考查动词-ing形式作状语。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词begins,设空处在句中作非谓语。逻辑主语her fable与动词borrow之间为主动关系,应用动词-ing形式作状语。故填borrowing。
borrowing
4.(2023·全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years,I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
【解析】 考查动词-ing形式作状语。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作非谓语。逻辑主语I与动词visit之间是主动关系,应用动词-ing形式作状语;根据时间状语over the last 10 years可知,应用现在完成时;位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Having visited。
Having visited
5.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them,one steamer is rarely enough,yet two seems greedy,so I am always left (want) more next time.
【解析】 考查动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作非谓语,此处为“leave sb+宾语补足语”结构,逻辑主语I与动词want之间是主动关系,应用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。故填wanting。
wanting
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1. (look) around carefully,she couldn’t find her lost key anywhere.
2.What he said left me (wonder) what was true love for children.
3.When he saw the pictures,beautiful memories in his childhood came
(flood) in.
4. (turn) to the left,you will find the path leading to the post office.
5.The traffic (be) heavy,we were late for the appointment.
6. (prepare) for the exam well enough,he didn’t feel nervous.
语法专项训练
Looking
wondering
flooding
Turning
being
Having prepared
Ⅱ.语篇填空
I was walking down the street when I saw a group of children 1. (play) in the park.They were laughing and running around,2. (have) a great time.The sun was shining brightly,3. (make) the grass look greener and the flowers more colourful.A dog was chasing a ball,4. (bark) excitedly.I stopped to watch them for a moment,5. (feel) happy and relaxed.Suddenly,I heard a loud noise
6. (come) from behind me.I turned around and saw a car 7. (speed) down the road,honking its horn.The driver was looking around nervously,obviously
8. (lose).I pointed in the right direction,9. (hope) to help.
10. (smile) gratefully,the driver drove away.
playing
having
making
barking
feeling
coming
speeding
lost
hoping
Smiling(共17张PPT)
UNIT 2 课时作业(三)
(分值:45 分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.People sometimes (掩盖) their true motives with moral arguments.
2.They (出口) their products to markets throughout the world.
3.The photos bring back lots of good (回忆).
4.They aren’t likely to arrive this side of (午夜).
5.A (可变通的) person can adapt to different moral situations.
disguise
export
memories
midnight
flexible
6.In spite of many dilemmas,I have never fallen into (绝望).
7. (因此),we should strive to cultivate good moral qualities.
8.A person’s (收入) does not determine his or her moral character.
9.The country has to (进口) most of its raw materials.
10.The committee voted to re-elect him as (主席).
despair
Therefore
income
import
chairman
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.Too much screen time is (harm) to both physical and mental health.
2.The (tense) in the classroom disappeared after the teacher cracked a joke.
3.She offered me practical (assist) with my research.
4.To pass the vocabulary test,she needs to (memory) 50 new words today.
5.The delicate surgical (operate) took five hours.
harmful
tension
assistance
memorise
operation
6.Seeing his daughter come back,safe and sound,he shed (tear) of joy.
7.Could you do me a favour and pick my daughter from school today
8.Unfortunately,he tripped a stone and hurt his right leg.
9.She found the old photo album accident while cleaning the attic.
10.A certain amount of (flexible) is built into this system.
tears
up
over
by
flexibility
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.His selfish actions (极大地损害了) the reputation of the entire company.
2. (考试结束了),we began our holiday.
3.A nature reserve was established (纪念) an environmental activist who fought against deforestation.
did great harm to
The test being over
in memory of
4.I am writing a letter of gratitude to him because he has offered me
(大量有用的学习建议).
5.They will (既不去公园也不待在家里) this weekend.They have other plans.
a great deal of useful learning advice
neither go to the park nor stay at home
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Too many people want others to be their friends,but they don’t give friendship back.That is why some friendships don’t last very long.To have a friend,you must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you.Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules: be honest; be generous (宽宏大量的);be understanding.
Honesty is where a good friendship starts.Friends must be able to trust one another.If you do not tell the truth,people usually find out.If a friend finds out that you haven’t been honest,you may lose your friend’s trust.
Good friends always rely on one another to speak and act honestly.
Generosity means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow.You do not have to give your lunch money or your clothes.Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings.These can be very valuable to a friend.They tell your friend what is important to you.By sharing them,you help your friend know better.
Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and help with a problem.
Something may go wrong at school.Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve.Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem.So to be a friend you must listen and understand.You must try to put yourself in your friend’s place so that you can understand the problem better.
No two friendships are exactly alike.But true friendships have three things in common.If you plan to keep your friends,you must practise honesty,
generosity and understanding.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了交到好朋友的三个关键因素:诚实,宽宏大量,善解人意。
( )1.Why do some friendships not last long
[A]Because there are too many people who want to make friends.
[B]Because those who give others friendship receive friendship from others.
[C]Because some people receive friendship but don’t give friendship back.
[D]Because some people don’t know friendship is something serious.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知,太多的人希望别人成为他们的朋友,但他们拥有了友谊却不给予回报,所以有些友谊不会长久。故选C。
( )2.What do we know about honesty according to the passage
[A]It is something countable.
[B]It is the base of friendship.
[C]It is as important as money.
[D]It is more important than anything else.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,诚实是一段美好友谊的开始,即诚实是友谊的基础。故选B。
( )3.What does the underlined word “They” refer to in the third paragraph
[A]Generosity and friendship.
[B]Generosity and sharing.
[C]Your ideas and feelings.
[D]Your clothes.
C
【解析】 代词指代题。根据第三段中的“Naturally you will want to...
valuable to a friend.”可知,分享你的想法和感受对朋友来说是非常有价值的。由此可以判断出,画线词“They”指的是“你的想法和感受”。故选C。
( )4.What’s the best title of this passage
[A]How to Be a Friend
[B]Honesty Is the Best Policy
[C]A Friend in Need Is a Friend Indeed
[D]Three Important Points in Life
A
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第一段尤其是最后一句可知,交朋友意味着要学会三条规则:诚实,宽宏大量,善解人意。本文都是围绕着如何交朋友展开,A项符合题意。故选A。(共97张PPT)
Part 2
Listening and Talking — Video Time
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. vt.装扮;假扮;掩盖
n.伪装;化装用具
2. vt.& vi.(使)洒出;(使)溢出
3. n.眼泪;泪水
4. n.绝望
vi.绝望;感到无望
写作词汇
disguise
spill
tear
despair
5. n.力量;威力
6. n.收入;收益
7. prep.每;每一
8. adv.因此;所以
might
income
per
therefore
1.chain n.
2.café n.
3.waitress n.
4.pregnant adj.
5.maple n.
阅读词汇
一连串(人或事);链子;链条
咖啡馆;小餐馆
(餐馆的)女服务员;女侍者
怀孕的;妊娠的
枫树;槭树
6.cart n.
7.limp vi.
8.fable n.
9.court n.
手推车;运货马车
跛行;一瘸一拐地走
寓言;寓言故事
(网球等的)球场;法院;法庭
拓展词汇
1. n.& vt.伤害;损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的;无恶意的
2. adj.灵活的;可变通的→flexibility n.灵活性;弹性→flexibly adv.灵活地;易曲地
3. n.紧张关系;紧张;焦虑→tense vt.(使肌肉)拉紧;绷紧 adj.担心的;紧张的
harm
flexible
tension
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.once upon a time
2.in the middle of
3.crash into...
4.pick oneself up
5.trip over
6.limp away
7.in tears
从前
在……中间
撞到……
(跌倒后)爬起来
被……绊倒
一瘸一拐地走了
流着泪;含着泪
8.think about doing sth
9.complain about...
10.make an attempt to do sth
11.in despair
12.say to oneself
13.with all one’s might
14.a great deal (of)
15.succeed in doing sth
16.belong to
思考做某事
抱怨……
尝试做某事
处于绝望中
自言自语
竭尽全力地;全力以赴地
大量;许多
成功做某事
属于
重点句型
1.He crashed into the stone, .(现在分词作结果状语)
他撞到石头上,把牛奶洒得到处都是。
2.After a while,a group of women came along,
.(独立主格结构)
过了一会儿,一群妇女走了过来,每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
spilling the milk everywhere
each balancing a pot of water
on her head
3. thought about moving the stone out of the road.(neither...nor...)
无论是她自己,还是她的同伴,都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。
Neither she nor her friends
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与社会 ——分享一个有关道德的寓言故事。
2.语篇类型:寓言故事。
3.课文内容分析:
文章主要分享了一个有关道德的寓言故事——《挡道的石头》,讲述了国王为了试探民众面对问题的态度,将一块大石头放在路中央,并将金币藏在石头下方,然后观察人们的反应。虽然很多人对石头带来的麻烦甚至是个人损失有诸多抱怨,但都不愿意自己把石头搬走。最后一位善良诚实的年轻女孩挪开了石头,获得了国王的金币和赞扬。阅读后学生要思考文中的“石头”象征着什么 挪石头的女孩与其他人有什么不同 作为个人,面对社会问题应承担怎样的责任 本文有利于培养学生高尚的社会品德和责任心。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
Time
Characters
Origin
Result
The lesson
精研细读·深层理解
▲
( )1.What was the king’s original concern about his nation
[A]The people were lazy.
[B]The people were greedy.
[C]The people were irresponsible.
[D]The people were ungrateful.
C
( )2.Why did the king place a stone in the middle of the street and hide gold coins under it
[A]Because he wanted to see if anyone would complain.
[B]Because he wanted to see if anyone would move it.
[C]Because he wanted to see if anyone would steal the gold.
[D]Because he wanted to see if anyone would claim the gold.
B
( )3.Why didn’t the group of women move the stone
[A]Because they were too busy to bother.
[B]Because they thought it was a trap.
[C]Because they didn’t want to be responsible.
[D]Because they didn’t notice the stone.
C
( )4.What can we infer from the fable
[A]The king regretted what he had done.
[B]The girl and the king found the owner of the coins.
[C]The girl wasn’t surprised at the coins.
[D]The king achieved his goal at last.
D
( )5.What do you think this fable is trying to tell us
[A]Where there is a will,there is a way.
[B]Everyone should shoulder responsibilities for his community.
[C]Chance favours only the prepared mind.
[D]As you make your bed,you must lie on it.
B
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.pick oneself up (跌倒后)爬起来,站起来;振作起来
[教材原句] He picked himself up and angrily went away.
他从地上爬起来,气呼呼地走了。
例(读后续写之动作描写)After falling down,the little boy quickly picked himself up and continued to run.
小男孩摔倒后,迅速站起身来,继续奔跑。
例She picked up the fallen book and placed it back on the shelf.
她捡起掉在地上的书并将其放回书架。
例He picked up French when he was in France.
他在法国时学会了法语。
pick up 捡起;(开车)接人;学会;接收;好转;
(从海里或危险处)营救,捞救
pick up 捡起;(开车)接人;学会;接收;好转;
(从海里或危险处)营救,捞救
归纳拓展
pick up 捡起;(开车)接人;学会;接收;好转;(从海里或危险处)营救,捞救
pick out 挑选出;辨认出;找出
pick and choose 挑拣;精挑细选
[语境运用] 用pick的相关短语填空
The boy quickly bent down to the pen he had dropped.
After the operation,his health is beginning to .
Can you your friend in this group photo
All the dresses are beautiful,so you don’t have to .
pick up
pick up
pick out
pick and choose
[教材原句] She picked herself up and limped away in tears.
她从地上爬起来,噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了。
例(读后续写之动作描写)Hearing my words,David turned to me tremblingly with tears spilling out of his eyes and expressed he had made a firm determination to finish the cross-country run.
大卫听了我的话,颤抖地转过身来,眼泪夺眶而出,他说他已经下定决心要完成越野赛跑。
2.tear n.眼泪;泪水 vt.撕掉;扯下;扯破
例(读后续写之神态描写) Upon hearing the bad news,she froze in her tracks,her lips trembling and tears streaming down her pale cheeks.
听到噩耗,她僵在原地,嘴唇颤抖,泪水顺着苍白的脸颊滑落。
例I ran to my room,in tears,and locked the door behind me.
我泪流满面地跑回自己的房间,把房门锁起来。
in tears 流着泪;含着泪
归纳拓展
·tear down 拆毁;拆除
tear apart 撕毁;撕碎
·in tears 流着泪;含着泪
burst into tears(相当于burst out crying)突然大哭起来
be filled with tears (眼里)充满泪水
move sb to tears 把某人感动到流泪
hold back one’s tears 忍住泪水
tears of joy 喜悦的泪水
其他常用复数形式的名词如下所示。
earnings薪水、belongings 所有物、surroundings 环境、findings 研究结果、savings 积蓄、congratulations 祝贺、goods 货物、woods 树林、ruins 废墟、instructions说明等。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The little boy burst tears when he couldn’t find his mother in the supermarket.
After the argument,she ran out of the room tears.
所有在场听了她的悲伤故事的人无不感动得流泪。
All those present to listen to her sad story .
into
in
were moved to tears
(读后续写之情感、动作描写)看着这个绝望的女人,我忍不住掉下了眼泪。眼里噙满泪水,我拥抱她,尽力安慰她。她把头靠在我的肩膀上,大哭起来,哭诉着自己的不幸遭遇。
Seeing the woman in despair,I could not .With my eyes ,I tried to comfort her by hugging her.She rested her head on my shoulder and ,sobbing out her unfortunate experience.
hold back my tears
filled with tears
burst into tears
·harmful adj.有害的
·harmless adj.无害的;无恶意的
[教材原句] Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm
难道整个村子都没有一个人觉得自己有责任让邻居免遭不测吗
3.harm n.& vt.伤害;损害
例While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin,they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.
虽然太阳的光线会使我们的皮肤衰老并受到损害,但它们也能给我们提供有益的维生素D。
例The polluted water does harm to people as well as other living things.
受污染的水不仅对人类有害,也对其他生物有害。
do harm to sb/sth对某人/某物有害
例There is no harm in double-checking your answers before submitting the test paper.
交卷前复查答案并无坏处。
There is no harm (in) doing sth 做某事无害处
归纳拓展
·do harm to sb/sth=do sb/sth harm 对某人/某物有害
There is no harm (in) doing sth 做某事无害处
·be harmful to...对……有害
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Staring at the screen for a long time is (harm) to our eyes.
The chemical substance is considered (harm) to the environment.It doesn’t cause any pollution.
经常熬夜对人的健康危害很大。
Staying up too late frequently
people’s health.
harmful
harmless
does great harm to/is greatly harmful to
晚饭后散散步没有坏处。它有助于消化,还能让你保持健康。
after dinner.It can help with digestion and keep you healthy.
There’s no harm in taking a walk
There is no harm in giving up eating junk food for it can do harm to your health.Instead,you can eat more fruit and vegetables and they are harmless.
不吃垃圾食品没有坏处,因为垃圾食品会损害你的健康。相反,你可以多吃水果和蔬菜,它们是无害的。
语
境
串
词
[教材原句] After a great deal of effort,she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street.
费了好大一番功夫,她终于成功地把石头推到了路边。
4.a great deal (of)大量;许多
例A great deal of evidence shows that forming a good habit is a gradual process.
大量的证据表明养成一个好习惯是一个循序渐进的过程。
例(2025·浙江1月卷)The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great deal of freedom...
这个平台使里贝罗能够很自由地实现她的梦想……
归纳拓展
·a great/good deal of 意为“大量;许多”,只能修饰不可数名词。
·a great/good deal用作副词短语时,可修饰形容词、副词比较级来加强程度,也可以修饰动词作状语。
·a great deal用作名词短语时,意为“大量;许多”,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语时谓语动词用单数。
在表达“大量;许多”时,修饰不可数名词常用a great/good deal of、much、a large amount of/large amounts of等;修饰可数名词常用many、quite a few、a number of、a great/good many等;既修饰可数名词又修饰不可数名词常用a lot of/lots of、plenty of、a large quantity of/large quantities of等。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
So far,a great deal of information (gather) on the value of the project.
Large quantities of trees (plant) to protect the environment recently.
我对很多历史人物都很了解,因为我对历史很感兴趣。
I know because I have a passion for history.
has been gathered
have been planted
a great deal about many historical figures
重点句式
独立主格结构
▲
[教材原句] After a while,a group of women came along,each balancing a pot of water on her head.
过了一会儿,一群妇女走了过来,每个人头上都顶着一罐水。
例The students walked out of the classroom,their laughter filling the corridors.
学生们走出教室,笑声充满了走廊。
例Many things solved,the manager looked much relaxed.
许多事情已经解决,经理看上去轻松了很多。
例Dinner prepared,the family gathered around the table to share interesting stories.
晚餐准备就绪,一家人围坐在餐桌旁分享趣事。
[归纳拓展]
独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的成分构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。独立主格结构可置于主句前、主句后或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开,在句中作状语,相当于一个状语从句。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 把下列句子改为独立主格结构/完成句子
The teacher guided the students and they finished the project successfully.
→ ,they finished the project successfully.
As an important lecture will be given tomorrow,the headmaster has to stay up late into the night.
→ ,the headmaster has to stay up late into the night.
The teacher guiding the students
An important lecture to be given tomorrow
There were no buses available,so we had to walk home.
→ ,we had to walk home.
(读后续写之情感描写)听到他们的计划,伯纳德高兴地跳了起来,感激的泪水夺眶而出。
Hearing their plan,Bernard jumped for joy,
.
(读后续写之情感描写)她把头靠在丈夫的肩膀上,脸上洋溢着幸福的笑容。
She rested her head on her husband’s shoulder,
.
There being no buses available
tears of gratitude welling up
in his eyes
a smile of happiness
spreading across her face
“neither...nor...”句型
▲
[教材原句] Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
无论是她自己,还是她的同伴,都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。
例Neither she nor her parents have taken part in the party yesterday.
她和她的父母都没参加昨天的晚会。
例Neither the students nor the teacher has arrived on time due to the heavy rain.
由于大雨,学生们和老师都没有准时到达。
归纳拓展
·“neither...nor...”表示“既不……,也不……”,用来连接两个并列成分;如果连接两个并列主语,谓语动词采取“就近一致”
原则。
·“neither...nor...”连接两个句子且置于句首时,前后两句都要用部分倒装语序。
遵循“就近一致”原则的结构还有either...or...要么……,要么……;not only...
but also...不仅……,而且……;...or ...……或者……;not...but ...不是……,
而是……。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 完成句子
无论是游客还是导游,都不熟悉这条新路线。
Neither the tourists .
这个解决方案既不节省时间也不节省成本。
This solution is .
nor the guide is familiar with this new route
neither time-saving nor cost-effective
学生们和老师都不知道她行为如此奇怪的原因。
Neither the students nor the teacher why she is behaving so strangely.
不仅露西而且她的朋友们都要参加划船比赛。
Not only Lucy but also her friends the boat race.
knows the reason
are going to take part in
长难句分析
[教材原句] Now the gold is yours, because you are the only person who has learnt the lesson I wanted to teach my people.
尝试分析:这是一个主从复合句。 是because 引导的原因状语从句, 是who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the only person, 是定语从句,修饰先行词the lesson。
自主翻译:现在,金币归你了,因为我想教给我的子民的道理,只有你学会了。
[语境运用] 情境写作
现在这个奖归你了,因为你是唯一一个完成我命制的所有题目的学生。
Now the prize is yours,
that I created.
because you are the only student who has completed
all the exercises
写作微专题2
Write a review of a moral fable
文本解读
1.文体类型:寓言故事评论,属于议论文范畴,常使用拟人、比喻、象征等修辞手法,以借喻的方式来揭示有教育意义的主题或深刻的道理。
2.要点内容:
(1)一位国王为了试探民众的社会责任感,把石头放在路中央,并把金币藏在石头下方;
(2)人们对石头的不同态度;
(3)一个善良诚实的年轻女孩挪开了石头,获得了金币和国王的赞扬。
[思路指引]
实用表达
1.寓言故事评论首段常用句式
The story is about...
The author writes about...
This fable describes...
2.寓言故事评论中段常用句式
The author is using the story to criticise...
The author has done a good job in symbolising ...
The author tries to warn against...
One example of this from real life is...
3.寓言故事评论尾段常用句式
I like the story because...
What impresses me most is that...
I’m not sure whether...but...
I would love to share the story with...
佳作建构
你最近又读了中国古代寓言故事《守株待兔》(Waiting for Gains without Pains),从中学到了很多生活哲理,你打算用英语写一篇短文把这则寓言故事分享给你的外国朋友,希望他们能对中国文化有更多的了解,同时能从中学到一些人生的道理。要点包括:
1.对故事的简要介绍;
2.你从中悟出的人生哲理;
3.你的希望。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
I read the fable titled Waiting for Gains without Pains again recently.
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1. adj.道德的;道义上的
n.品行;道德;寓意
2. vt.(举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图
3. adj.珍稀的;宝贵的
4. vi.& vt.抱怨;发牢骚;投诉
5. adj.遥远的
6. n.道德原则;法则;原则
moral
illustrate
precious
complain
faraway
principle
7. adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
8. n.事故;车祸;失事
9. n.寓言;寓言故事
10. 处于绝望中
11. 大量;许多
scared
accident
fable
in despair
a great deal (of)
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.这则寓言讲述了古代一个遥远乡村的农夫。
This fable describes a farmer in ancient times.
2.他正在地里干活,突然发生了一件意外的事:一只受惊的野兔从他身边跑过,撞在树上,绝望地死去了。
He was working in his field when happened: ran past him,crashed into the tree and .
in a faraway village
an accident
a scared hare
died in despair
3.他得以吃到了美味的野兔肉。从那时起,他就只等着另一只野兔撞在树上。
He delicious meat of the hare.From then on,he just
another one to crash against the tree.
4.然而,没有更多的野兔出现,这使他抱怨了很多。
However,no more hares turned up,which caused him to .
5.日子一天天过去,到了收获的季节,但他却没有任何庄稼可以收割。
Days passing by, but he had no crops to gather at all.
was able to eat
waited for
complain a great deal
it was time for harvest
6.这个寓言故事生动地说明了一个普遍的原则。
The moral story .
7.成功没有捷径,我们不能依靠运气来得到我们想要的。
There is no shortcut to success and we can’t rely on luck .
8.相反,辛勤劳动是最珍贵的。
Instead,working hard is .
9.我希望每个人都能发现这个故事既有趣又鼓舞人心。
I hope everyone can find the story .
illustrates vividly a universal principle
to get what we want
the most precious
interesting and inspiring
亮点提升
1.将第1句和第2句用非限制性定语从句进行改写升级。
This fable describes a farmer in a faraway village in ancient times,who was working in his field when an accident happened:a scared hare ran past him,crashed into the tree and died in despair.
2.将第4句用非谓语进行改写升级。
However,no more hares turned up,causing him to complain a great deal.
3.将第6句和第7句用同位语从句进行改写升级。
The moral story illustrates vividly a universal principle that there is no shortcut to success and we can’t rely on luck to get what we want.
4.将第8句用强调句型进行改写升级。
Instead,it is working hard that is the most precious.
范文展示
I read the fable titled Waiting for Gains without Pains again recently.
This fable describes a farmer in a faraway village in ancient times,who was working in his field when an accident happened:a scared hare ran past him,crashed into the tree and died in despair.He was able to eat delicious meat of the hare.From then on,he just waited for another one to crash against the tree.However,no more hares turned up,causing him to complain a great deal.Days passing by,it was time for harvest but he had no crops to gather at all.
The moral story illustrates vividly a universal principle that there is no shortcut to success and we can’t rely on luck to get what we want.Instead,it is working hard that is the most precious.I hope everyone can find the story interesting and inspiring.
写作练习
假设你是李华,学校英文网站开设了“Your words”专栏,收集学生对寓言故事的读后感。请根据你所熟知的一则寓言故事写一篇英文读后感进行投稿。内容包括:
1.该故事的寓意;
2.怎样做一个诚实的学生(举例说明);
3.你的看法(诚实的重要性)。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头已给出,不计入总词数。
Almost all of us heard the story “Here Comes the Wolf” when we were little kids.
写作指导
One possible version:
Almost all of us heard the story “Here Comes the Wolf” when we were little kids. Repeated lies made the villagers no longer believe the boy.So when the wolf really came,no one helped him,resulting in the death of all his sheep.This is the result of the boy’s own dishonesty,which also makes me understand the importance of honesty.
How can we be honest students Personally speaking,we must complete our homework carefully,instead of copying others’ answers.In addition,
whenever we make a mistake,admit it and apologise to others.
In short,integrity is the foundation of being a great person.Only when we possess it can we truly live a happy life.
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之 “点” 情感 描写 complain vi.& vt.抱怨;发牢骚→complaint n.投诉;抱怨 scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓;使害怕vi.受惊吓→scary adj.吓人的;恐怖的 tension n.紧张关系;紧张→tense adj.担心的;紧张的 in tears流着泪;含着泪
动作 描写 faint vi.昏倒;晕厥 illustrate vt.(举例)说明;阐明 respond vt.回答;回复vi.做出反应;回应 reject vt.拒绝接受;不录用 tend vt.照顾;照料 whisper vi.& vt.悄声说;耳语 assist vt.帮助;援助 carry sb through sth帮助某人渡过难关
人物 描写 moral adj.道德的 n.品行;道德 virtue n.高尚的道德;美德 energetic adj.精力充沛的
读后续写 微技能之 “线” At age 18,instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls,she chose to work and study.(人物描写)
Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”,having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.(人物描写)
He crashed into the stone,spilling the milk everywhere.“What fool put this stone here ”he shouted.He picked himself up and angrily went away.(动作、情感描写)
The king was in despair.(情感描写)
读后续写 微技能之 “面” 读后续写——医院的暖心时刻
在医院的候诊区,紧张的气氛弥漫着。一位年轻的母亲泪流满面,满脸担忧。她的孩子看上去很害怕,正轻声呜咽着。这位母亲开始抱怨等待的时间太长,声音里充满了沮丧。“怎么能让我们等这么久 我的孩子正遭罪呢。” 她说道。 就在这时,一位面带微笑的护士走了过来。她迅速过来帮助这位母亲,试图让她冷静下来。
“别担心,女士。我们很快就会给您的孩子看病。” 她轻声低语道。她亲切的话语和温柔的态度帮助这位母亲度过了这艰难的时刻。然后,护士又去照料其他病人了,她的行为彰显了她的敬业精神。
In the waiting area of the hospital,1. hung heavy.A young mother was 2. ,her face full of worry.Her child,3. ,
was whimpering softly.The mother started to 4. ,
her voice filled with frustration.“How can we be made to wait this long My child is suffering,” she said.Just then,a smiling nurse came over.She quickly assisted the mother,trying to calm her down.“Don’t worry,ma’am.We’ll get your child seen to soon,” she 5. .Her kind words and gentle manner
6. .The nurse then went to tend to other patients,her actions illustrating her dedication to her job.
a tense atmosphere
in tears
looking scared
complain about the long wait
whispered softly
carried the mother through this difficult moment
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.illustrate vt.(举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图→ n.插图;图解;示例→ n.(书等的)插图画家
2.marriage n.结婚;婚姻→ v.(和某人)结婚;嫁;娶→ adj.结婚的;已婚的
3.majority n.大部分;大多数→ adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.主修课程
4.complain vi.& vt.抱怨;发牢骚;投诉→ n.投诉;抱怨;控告
illustration
illustrator
marry
married
major
complaint
5.respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应→ n.反应;回答;回复
6.physician n.医师;(尤指)内科医生→ adj.身体的;肉体的→
adv.肉体上;身体上→ n.物理学
7.appoint vt.任命;委派→ n.约会;约定;任命→ adj.约定的;指定的
8.tend vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于→ n.趋势;趋向
response
physical
physically
physics
appointment
appointed
tendency
9.retire vi.& vt.退休;退职;退出→ n.退休→ adj.退休的
10.scare vt.惊吓;使害怕 vi.受惊吓→ adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→ adj.令人害怕的;吓人的;恐怖的
11.sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的→ v.(使)变锋利;(使)改善;(使)提高→ adv.急剧地;猛烈地
retirement
retired
scared
scary
sharpen
sharply
12.energetic adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的→ n.精力;活力→
adv.精力充沛地
13.operation n.手术;企业;经营→ vt.& vi.动手术;操作;使运行→
n.操作员;经营者
14.assist vt.帮助;援助→ n.助理;助手→ n.帮助;援助
15.memory n.记忆力;回忆→ vt.记住;熟记→ adj.值得纪念的;难忘的
energy
energetically
operate
operator
assistant
assistance
memorise
memorable
16.harm n.& vt.伤害;损害→ adj.有害的→ adj.无害的;无恶意的
17.flexible adj.灵活的;可变通的→ n.灵活性;弹性→ adv.灵活地;易曲地
18.tension n.紧张关系;紧张;焦虑→ vt.(使肌肉)拉紧;绷紧 adj.担心的;紧张的
harmful
harmless
flexibility
flexibly
tense
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 帮助某人渡过难关
2. 宁愿做
3. 从……毕业
4. 需要
5. 有时;偶尔
6. 发挥主要作用
7. 易于做某事;往往会发生某事
carry sb through sth
would rather do
graduate from
in need of
at times
play a key role
tend to do sth
8. 对……负责
9. 在某人耳边低语某事
10. 作为对……的纪念
11. 撞到……
12. (跌倒后)爬起来
13. 被……绊倒
be responsible for
whisper sth into one’s ear
in memory of
crash into...
pick oneself up
trip over
14. 流着泪;含着泪
15. 抱怨……
16. 处于绝望中
17. 大量;许多
in tears
complain about...
in despair
a great deal (of)
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义
To a person (没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了)...
句式仿写
To me,
(没有什么比阅读各种故事带来的快乐更珍贵的了).
nothing is more precious than their life
nothing is more precious than the joy brought by reading various
stories
2.动词不定式作后置定语
In 1941,Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever (被任命为) director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital,but just a few months later,the department was closed because of the war.
句式仿写
Lily was the first (冲到受伤的小鸟身边),gently picking it up and placing it in a soft cloth nest.
to be appointed
to rush to the injured bird
3.现在分词的完成式作状语
Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, (一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名).
句式仿写
(做完所有的作业后),all the students except him went out to play.
having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime
Having finished all the homework
4.独立主格结构
After a while,a group of women came along,
(每个人头上都顶着一罐水).
句式仿写
The students rushed out of the classroom after class,
(每个人都迫不及待地享受课间休息的自由).
each balancing a pot of water
on her head
everyone eager to
enjoy the freedom of the break
5.neither...nor...
(无论是她自己,还是她的同伴,都没有) thought about moving the stone out of the road.
句式仿写
(我和弟弟都不) plan to attend the family reunion this weekend.
Neither she nor her friends
Neither my brother nor IUNIT 2 课时作业(四)
单元知识综合练
(分值:72.5分)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共10题;每题1分,共10分)
1.operation
A.n.手术 B.n.活动,行动 C.n.企业,公司 D.n.军事行动 E.n.经营,运营
①The air operation destroyed enemy’s radar systems before ground troops advanced.
②The surgeon performed a successful operation to save the man.
③The UN rescue operation started shortly after dawn.
④I heard that you had been hired by a huge multinational electronics operation.
⑤The new plant is scheduled to come into operation next month.
【答案】 ①D ②A ③B ④C ⑤E
2.sharp
A.adj.急剧的 B.adj.敏锐的 C.adj.锋利的D.adj.急转的,陡的 E.adj.清晰的
①It is really amazing that all the footprints are quite sharp.
②There was a sharp decline in the number of tourists visiting the area due to the bad weather.
③She had her finger cut by a sharp knife by accident while she was peeling apples.
④The pilot,whether by accident or design,made the plane do a sharp turn.
⑤She studied the young man with her sharp bright eyes.
【答案】 ①E ②A ③C ④D ⑤B
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共8题;每题2.5分,共20分)
A
Many people avoid apologising because admitting to wrongdoing makes them uncomfortable.“We like to view ourselves as good people as kind and considerate,”says Ryan Fehr,a professor at the University of Washington.“Apologies force us to admit to ourselves that we don’t always live up to our own standards.We might also fear that others won’t accept our apology,further damaging our positive sense of self.For these reasons,an apology can be very difficult to give.”
For many,apologising is stressful,awkward and uncomfortable.But a heartfelt apology has positive effects.It can improve your mental health,repair damaged relationships and promote self-esteem. “Apologies act as a signal of one’s moral character,” Fehr says.
Researchers at Ohio State University have determined that effective apologies have five elements:expressing regret,explaining what went wrong,acknowledging responsibility,offering to repair the situation and requesting forgiveness.All five aren’t necessary every time.“The more of those elements are included,the more likely the apology is seen as convincing,”says Roy Lewicki,the lead study author.“Acknowledgement of responsibility turns out to be the most important piece,followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration of regret.”
“Sometimes,an immediate apology is called for,” says Antony Manstead,a psychology professor at Cardiff University.“But if one is angry at your wrongdoing,it may be more effective to wait,because his or her anger may stop him or her accepting an apology.Some research suggests that a delay increases an apology’s effectiveness because it conveys that the wrongdoer has had time to reflect on his or her misdeeds,” says Mara Olekalns,a professor of management at Melbourne Business School.“The best time to apologise is when one feels ready to sincerely apologise,” says Etienne Mullet,research director of the Ethics and Work Laboratory at the Institute of Advanced Studies.“There is nothing worse in these situations than insincere apologies.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要说明了道歉是一个人道德品质的标志并阐述了应如何做有效的道歉。
( )1.Why do many people feel uncomfortable to apologise
[A]Because they are kind and considerate people.
[B]Because they are afraid of losing face.
[C]Because they believe themselves right.
[D]Because they have high moral standards.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知,对许多人来说,道歉是一种有压力的、令人尴尬的、不舒服的行为。故选B。
( )2.What is the most important when it comes to making an effective apology
[A]To express regret.
[B]To express what went wrong.
[C]To accept responsibility.
[D]To request forgiveness.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知,有效的道歉中最重要的便是承担责任。故选C。
( )3.What can be inferred about an apology from the last paragraph
[A]The sooner,the better.
[B]The later,the better.
[C]The more often,the better.
[D]The more genuine,the better.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句可知,没有什么比不真诚的道歉更糟糕的了;也就是说道歉时,态度越诚恳越好。故选D。
( )4.What is the passage mainly about
[A]How you can make an effective apology.
[B]Why people avoid apologising.
[C]What benefits you can get from an apology.
[D]When you can make a heartfelt apology.
【答案】 A
【解析】 主旨大意题。文章第一段指出许多人拒绝道歉;第二段讲述了真诚的道歉有积极的影响;第三、第四段就做有效的道歉进行了说明。故选A。
B
We often hear honesty is the best policy,and no one likes to be called a liar.But is dishonesty always wrong
Not necessarily.
According to psychologists,there are two types of lies:Lies that help your relationships and the people around you are called pro-social lies;and lies that hurt them are called antisocial lies.
How often have you clicked “Like” on line,not because you actually like what your friends posted,but because you want to show your support This white lie is an example of a pro-social lie.But when people tell lies on social networks to make their own lives seem more exciting,or to make others jealous,this is antisocial lying.
Workplace lies range from harmless lies to destructive untruthful statements.An example of a pro-social workplace lie is complimenting someone on his or her presentation— even though it was only average — because you know he or she was nervous beforehand.In this case,your intention is simply to protect your colleague’s feelings.However,people sometimes tell bigger lies at work for the purpose of avoiding blame or to stay on the boss’s good side.These are antisocial lies.They are antisocial because your boss is likely to discover the truth and as a result,will probably stop trusting you.
Lying is also a significant part of the natural world.So it’s little wonder we resort to it almost reflexively.Human babies sometimes pretend to cry,check to see if anyone is listening,and then start crying again.By the age of five,children learn to say things that are completely untrue,and most nine-year-olds have mastered keeping secrets to protect themselves.
Lying can be incredibly harmful to our relationships and to the people around us.But that’s only true for antisocial lies.Pro-social lies have the opposite effect— they can actually help us.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了谎言的两种类型。一种是有助于你的人际关系和周围人的亲社会谎言,另一种是伤害他人的反社会谎言。
( )5. What may help us tell a pro-social lie from an antisocial lie
[A]The purpose it serves.
[B]The way it is told.
[C]The occasion where it is told.
[D]The people it is told to.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段的第二、第三句可知,职场上亲社会谎言的一个例子是在某人紧张时称赞他,此举的意图只是保护某人的情感。根据第五段的第四、第五句可知,人们有时会在工作中说更大的谎言,目的是避免受到指责或保持老板对自己的好感。这些都是反社会谎言。由此可推知,辨别出说谎行为的目的可以帮助我们区分亲社会谎言和反社会谎言。故选A。
( )6. Why does the author mention bigger lies at work
[A]Because they tend to avoid blame or to stay on the boss’s good side.
[B]Because they prove that workplace lies can be destructive.
[C]Because they show the intention of protecting others.
[D]Because they help with hiding the truth.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段的第一句可知,职场谎言涉及从无害的谎言到破坏性的不实陈述。由第五段的最后三句可知,作者提及工作中更大的谎言是为了证明职场谎言可能具有破坏性。故选B。
( )7.Which statement is supported by the passage
[A]We usually tell pro-social lies to protect our own feelings.
[B]Lying always hurts both the liar and the person being lied to.
[C]Lying on social media is pro-social,but face-to-face lying isn’t.
[D]Sometimes,making people feel good benefits more than telling the absolute truth.
【答案】 D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,亲社会谎言实际上有助于我们的人际关系,保护周围人的情感不受伤害,由此可推知,作者会同意“有时候,让人们感觉良好比说出真相更有好处”。故选D。
( )8.What’s the text intended to do
[A] To warn that lies could harm us.
[B]To make it clear that lying is a second nature.
[C]To persuade that there are some lies that we need to tell.
[D]To remind that honesty is the best policy.
【答案】 C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一、第二段内容可知,我们经常听说诚实是上策,没有人喜欢被称为骗子。但不诚实总是错的吗 不一定。结合最后一段内容可知,作者认为有时候有必要说谎,亲社会谎言实际上有助于我们的人际关系,保护周围人的情感不受伤害。由此可推知,文章的目的在于说服我们相信有些谎言是我们需要说的。故选C。
Ⅲ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
Being caring allows you to live a life based on love.If you want to know how to be more caring,see the following steps to get started.
1. One way to be caring is to put more effort into learning about how other people are doing.When you talk to someone,ask him or her about his or her physical condition,
vacations or pets.Trying to ask the little questions can add up to showing that you do care.
2.
Help people in need.You can’t be a caring person if you’re only out to help yourself.
Helping other people means helping both the friends and family members who need help,and the less fortunate people in your community,or even people you may not know that well who need assistance.3.
Apologise when you need to.4. Therefore,they are quick to apologise when they’ve done something wrong.They are comfortable admitting they’re not perfect.If you know you’ve hurt somebody,then you have to swallow your pride and say sorry to show that you’re aware of how your actions impact others.Doing this shows that you really care,because you think about how others are feeling.
Keep track of people.Let people know that you’re thinking about them even when you’re not together.To do this,whether sending a text message after your best friend’s exam,or calling your sister on her birthday is necessary.5. Though it’s unrealistic to talk to friends every day,contacting at least one friend a week will make a big difference.
A.Ask people about their lives.
B.Remember the details about people’s lives.
C.Sending cards also gets the message across.
D.Caring people spend time doing favours for other people.
E.Caring people care about how their actions affect other people.
F.Do not just ask out of duty,but because you genuinely want to care.
G.Keep an eye out for those in need and find a productive way to get involved.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了让自己变得更有爱心的一些策略。
1.【答案】 A
【解析】 空处是段落主题句。根据设空处后一句可知,此处应该是指通过询问来了解人们的生活,A项符合题意。故选A。
2.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据前文“When you talk to someone...showing that you do care.”可知,此处讲询问他人一些生活方面的小问题以表示关心,F项符合语境,承接上文内容。故选F。
3.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据段落首句“Help people in need.”可知,本段建议帮助需要帮助的人。前文“Helping other people means...who need assistance.”具体阐述了要帮助需要帮助的人,G项符合语境,承接上文,选项中的in need呼应前文的in need。故选G。
4.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据设空处后一句以及下文“If you know...how others are feeling.”可知,下文讲述要考虑自己的行为对他人的影响,有错误就要道歉,E项符合语境,故选E。
5.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据最后一段中的“Let people know that...on her birthday is necessary.”可知,此处讲要让人知道你总是想着他们,无论是给他们发短信还是打电话都是有必要的,C项符合语境,说明了另一种关心朋友的方式,故选C。
Ⅳ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
As I walked to the market this morning,I saw an old man in shabby clothes sitting in front of a shop.I thought he was a beggar and made a 1 that on my way back,I should give him whatever 2 I had.
A few feet away was a young man 3 down on the sidewalk,obviously in a drunken state and nobody took any notice.I thought it was some good-for-nothing drunk who had
4 all his money on alcohol.Soon I finished all my shopping,and walked back along the same road. 5 I reached the point where I saw the beggar,I took out all the 6 change I had.When I got close to him and asked him to take it,he 7 looked into my eyes,but still looked ahead and shook his head,saying he did not need it.I insisted and 8 it into his hand.
As I stood there,proud of my great 9 of charity,the old man slowly walked up to the young man and 10 him awake.I stood there watching with 11 as he walked to the tea shop and asked for something for which he paid with the money I gave,and 12 a bun and a cup of hot tea.He then went back to the young man,helped him to sit,and helped him to eat and drink.
The old man noticed that I was still standing there so he 13 and said that the young boy had not eaten for two days and that was why he fell down on the sidewalk.Suddenly I felt so 14 and admired the 15 of a man who has so little compared to me.He was truly generous.
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。作者去集市时,遇到了一个衣衫褴褛的老人,于是就把剩下的零钱给了这位老人,然而老人却用这些钱买了面包和热茶去帮助一个躺在地上的年轻人。作者非常敬佩这位老人。
( )1.[A]difference [B]choice
[C]request [D]decision
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据空后的“that on my way back,I should give him whatever 2 I had”可知,这里表示作者决定回来后把零钱给这个老人。make a decision意为“做出决定”。故选D。
( )2. [A]help [B]advice
[C]change [D]strength
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文中的“I took out all the 6 change I had”可知,这里是change的原词复现,指把零钱给这个老人。故选C。
( )3.[A]lying [B]sitting
[C]walking [D]pacing
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据下文中的“He then went back to the young man,helped him to sit”可知,这个年轻人躺在(lying)人行道上。故选A。
( )4. [A]used [B]wasted
[C]donated [D]saved
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据句中的some good-for -nothing drunk可知,作者认为这个年轻人是一个把所有钱都浪费(wasted)在买酒上的醉汉。故选B。
( )5.[A]Before [B]Because
[C]If [D]Although
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据空后的“I reached the point where I saw the beggar”和“I took out all the
6 change I had”可知,两个动作之间是先后关系,所以应用Before引导时间状语从句。
故选A。
( )6. [A]major [B]great
[C]left [D]plain
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据上文中的“I should give him whatever 2 I had”可知,购物后作者把自己剩下的(left)所有零钱都拿了出来。故选C。
( )7.[A]angrily [B]directly
[C]calmly [D]hardly
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据句中的but still looked ahead可知,老人几乎不(hardly)看作者的眼睛,而是看向前方。故选D。
( )8.[A]pushed [B]brought
[C]checked [D]kept
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据空后的it into his hand并结合常识可知,老人不接受零钱,而作者坚持要给他,所以作者就硬把钱塞到了(pushed)老人手中。故选A。
( )9.[A]goal [B]issue
[C]job [D]act
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据空后的of charity并结合上文作者的行为可知,这里指的是作者的慈善行为(act)。故选D。
( )10.[A]shook [B]touched
[C]kicked [D]frightened
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据空后的him awake可知,老人把这个年轻人摇(shook)醒了。故选A。
( )11.[A]delight [B]anxiety
[C]annoyance [D]amazement
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据空后内容并结合常识可知,老人收到钱后并没有将其用在自己身上,而是帮助了年轻人,这让作者感到很惊讶(amazement)。故选D。
( )12.[A]exchanged [B]supplied
[C]collected [D]demanded
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据and前的“asked for something for which he paid with the money I gave”可知,老人要了一些东西,并用作者给的钱付了款,这里是说付钱后取到了(collected)自己要的东西。故选C。
( )13.[A]sat up [B]looked up
[C]woke up [D]showed up
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文中的“He then went back to the young man,helped him to sit”并结合常识可知,老人扶年轻人坐起来的时候应该自己也身体下蹲,所以对作者说话时应该抬头看向(looked up)作者。故选B。
( )14.[A]great [B]small
[C]proud [D]confused
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据上文中的“I thought it was...on alcohol.”以及空后的“admired the 15 of a man who has so little compared to me”可知,老人虽然拥有很少,但却很慷慨地帮助他人,这让作者感到自己很渺小(small)。故选B。
( )15.[A]responsibility [B]wisdom
[C]generosity [D]positivity
【答案】 C
【解析】 根据下文中的“He was truly generous.”可知,老人非常慷慨(generosity),因此作者很钦佩这位老人。故选C。
Ⅴ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是李华,你的外国朋友Emily在电子邮件中说她非常钦佩中国人民的优秀品质,想了解一位对社会有杰出贡献的人,以便她查阅其相关资料并学习。请你用英语给她回一封电子邮件,向她介绍一位对社会有杰出贡献的中国人。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Emily,
Yours,
Li Hua
[写作指导]
One possible version:
Dear Emily,
I am more than delighted to receive your email.Knowing that you are interested to know a Chinese person who has made an outstanding contribution to society,I would like to introduce Confucius to you.
Confucius,also known as Kongzi,was a renowned educator in ancient China.He dedicated his life to teaching and spreading his wisdom.Not only did he emphasise the pursuit of knowledge,but he also paid more attention to the importance of moral values.To this day,his ideas continue to guide individuals and communities in China and beyond.
Confucius’s life offers valuable lessons.His teachings remind us of the importance of integrity,compassion,and social responsibility.
Yours,
Li Hua
