人教版高中英语必修2 知识清单
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| 名称 | 人教版高中英语必修2 知识清单 |
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| 文件大小 | 74.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-01-09 00:00:00 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit1 Cultural Heritage 知识清单
一、核心词汇
heritage n. 遗产（总称） cultural heritage 文化遗产 world heritage 世界遗产
UNESCO 联合国教科文组织 preservation n. 保护，保存 conservation n.对自然、历史资源的保护
protection n. 保护 restoration n. 修复，恢复 relic n. 遗迹，遗物
antiquity n. 古迹，古物 artifact/artefact n.手工艺品,人工制品 monument n. 纪念碑，历史遗迹
site n. 遗址，地点 tangible heritage 物质文化遗产 intangible heritage 非物质文化遗产
historical site 历史遗址 archaeological site 考古遗址 ancient ruins 古代遗迹
traditional craft 传统工艺 folk art 民间艺术 oral tradition 口头传统
ritual n. 仪式 custom n. 习俗 preserve v. 保护，保存
conserve v. 保护，节约 protect v. 保护 restore v. 修复
maintain v. 维护 safeguard v. 保卫，保护 rescue v. 抢救
document v. 记录，记载 digitize v. 数字化 reconstruct v. 重建
damage n.&v. 损坏 destruction n. 破坏 deterioration n. 恶化，退化
erosion n. 侵蚀 decay n.&v. 腐烂，衰败 vandalism n. 故意破坏
neglect n.&v. 忽视 natural disaster 自然灾害 pollution n. 污染
urbanization n. 城市化 commercialization n. 商业化 historical value 历史价值
cultural value 文化价值 aesthetic value 审美价值 scientific value 科学价值
spiritual value 精神价值 symbolic adj. 象征性的 significant / adj. 重要的
precious adj. 珍贵的 priceless adj. 无价的 irreplaceable adj. 不可替代的
expert n. 专家 archaeologist n. 考古学家 historian n. 历史学家
conservator n. 文物修复师 curator n. 策展人 volunteer n. 志愿者
local community 当地社区 authority n. 当局，官方
二、词性变换
preserve v. → preservation n. → preservative adj./n.（防腐的/防腐剂）
conserve v. → conservation n. → conservative adj.（保守的）
protect v. → protection n. → protective adj.
restore v. → restoration n. → restorative adj.
destroy v. → destruction n. → destructive adj.
construct v. → construction n. → reconstruct v. → reconstruction n.
document v. → documentation n. → documentary n.（纪录片）
value v./n. → valuable adj. → invaluable adj.（极其珍贵的）
culture n. → cultural adj. → culturally adv.
history n. → historical adj.（历史的）→ historic adj.（有历史意义的）
tradition n. → traditional adj. → traditionally adv.
significance n. → significant adj. → significantly adv.
identity n. → identical adj.（完全相同的）→ identify v.（识别）
maintain v. → maintenance n.（维护）
develop v. → development n. → underdeveloped/developed adj.
threaten v. → threat n. → threatening adj.
ignore v. → ignorance n.（无知）→ ignorant adj.（无知的）
三、重点短语与固定搭配
preserve/protect/conserve...from... 保护...免受...
carry out preservation work 开展保护工作
take measures to protect 采取措施保护
put...under protection 将...置于保护之下
raise awareness of 提高对...的意识
pass down from generation to generation 代代相传
keep alive 保持活力，传承
in danger of 处于...危险中
on the verge of extinction 濒临消失
have great significance for 对...有重大意义
play a vital role in 在...中起至关重要的作用
be of great value 具有重要价值
be worthy of preservation 值得保护
bear witness to 见证
reflect the wisdom of 反映...的智慧
serve as a reminder of 作为...的提醒
face the threat of 面临...的威胁
suffer from 遭受...
fall into ruin 成为废墟
be in a state of decay 处于衰败状态
be at risk 处于危险中
pose a challenge to 对...构成挑战
join hands with 与...携手合作
work together with 与...共同努力
share responsibility for 分担...的责任
pool resources 汇集资源
reach a consensus on 就...达成共识
date back to 追溯到
originate from 起源于
throughout history 贯穿历史
in ancient times 在古代
for centuries 几个世纪以来
四、重点句型
1. 强调重要性
It is of vital importance to preserve our cultural heritage.
保护我们的文化遗产至关重要。
Nothing is more important than protecting our cultural identity.
没有什么比保护我们的文化认同更重要。
What makes this site unique is its... 这个遗址的独特之处在于它的...
2. 表达必要性
It is essential/imperative that we take action to... 我们必须采取行动...
Measures must be taken to prevent further damage. 必须采取措施防止进一步破坏。
There is an urgent need to address this issue. 迫切需要解决这个问题。
3. 描述历史与现状
This temple dates back to the 12th century. 这座寺庙可以追溯到12世纪。
Having survived wars and natural disasters, the building now faces new threats.
在经历了战争和自然灾害后，这座建筑现在面临新的威胁。
Once a thriving cultural center, the area is now in decline.
这里曾经是繁荣的文化中心，如今却在衰落。
4. 表达观点与建议
From my perspective, the government should allocate more funds to...
在我看来，政府应该拨出更多资金用于...
I strongly believe that education is the key to raising awareness.
我坚信教育是提高意识的关键。
It would be beneficial if we could combine traditional methods with modern technology. 如果能把传统方法与现代技术结合起来，将会很有益处。
5. 比较与对比
Unlike tangible heritage, intangible heritage is more difficult to preserve.
与物质文化遗产不同，非物质文化遗产更难保护。
While some countries have effective preservation systems, others are still developing theirs. 虽然一些国家有有效的保护体系，但其他国家仍在发展自己的体系。
The more we understand about our heritage, the better we can protect it.
我们对自己的遗产了解得越多，就越能保护好它。
五、语法聚焦
1. 定语从句的进阶运用
非限制性定语从句介绍背景信息：
The Great Wall, which was built over centuries, is a symbol of Chinese civilization.
介词+关系代词结构：
The tools with which the artifacts were made are also on display.
关系副词where, when, why的准确使用：
This is the reason why we must act now.
2. 现在分词与过去分词作状语
表示时间、原因、条件等：
Having recognized its value, UNESCO listed the site as World Heritage.
Damaged by the earthquake, the temple requires immediate restoration.
3. 倒装句（强调地点、否定词开头）
地点状语前置：
On the top of the mountain stands an ancient temple.
否定词开头：
Not only does heritage preservation protect the past, but it also enriches the future.
Never before have we faced such challenges in heritage conservation.
4. 虚拟语气（表达建议、愿望）
It is essential that + (should) do：
It is crucial that measures (should) be taken immediately.
wish/if only表达强烈愿望：
I wish more people would realize the importance of cultural heritage.
六、话题写作词汇补充
写作高级替换词
重要：important → crucial/vital/significant/essential
保护：protect → safeguard/preserve/conserve/guard
破坏：destroy → damage/devastate/ruin/demolish
显示：show → demonstrate/reveal/indicate/illustrate
帮助：help → assist/aid/facilitate/promote
连接词与过渡词
递进：furthermore/moreover/in addition/what’s more
转折：however/nevertheless/on the other hand/despite
因果：therefore/consequently/as a result/thus
举例：for instance/such as/take...as an example
总结：in conclusion/to sum up/in summary/all in all
七、文化背景知识
国际保护体系
World Heritage List 世界遗产名录
Intangible Cultural Heritage List 非物质文化遗产名录
World Heritage in Danger 濒危世界遗产
World Heritage Committee 世界遗产委员会
著名案例（可用作写作素材）
敦煌莫高窟 Mogao Caves：数字化保护的典范
埃及阿布辛贝神庙 Abu Simbel：国际协作迁移的成功案例
威尼斯 Venice：旅游业与保护的平衡难题
巴西国家博物馆 National Museum of Brazil：火灾警示的惨痛教训
Unit2 Wildlife Protection 知识清单
一、核心词汇
wildlife n. 野生生物（总称） species n. 物种（单复数同形） mammal n. 哺乳动物
reptile n. 爬行动物 amphibian n. 两栖动物 bird n. 鸟类
insect n. 昆虫 marine life 海洋生物 predator n. 捕食者
prey n. 猎物 population n. 种群，数量 endangered species 濒危物种
rare species 稀有物种 endangered adj. 濒危的 threatened adj. 受威胁的
vulnerable adj. 脆弱的 extinct adj. 灭绝的 extinction n. 灭绝
poach v. 偷猎 poaching n. 偷猎行为 hunt v. 狩猎
overhunting n. 过度捕猎 illegal trading 非法贸易 ivory n. 象牙
fur n. 皮毛 organization n. 组织 habitat n. 栖息地
ecosystem n. 生态系统 natural environment 自然环境 rainforest n. 雨林
grassland n. 草原 wetland n. 湿地 reserve n. 保护区
sanctuary n. 庇护所，保护区 national park 国家公园 deforestation n. 森林砍伐
habitat loss 栖息地丧失 habitat destruction 栖息地破坏 fragmentation n. 碎片化
protect v. 保护 conserve v. 保护，保存 preserve v. 保护，保存
rescue v. 拯救，救援 save v. 拯救 recover v. 恢复
reintroduce v. 重新引入 rehabilitation n. 康复 conservation n. 保护
protection n. 保护 reserve n. 保护区 breed v. 繁殖，培育
captive breeding 圈养繁殖 wild release 野化放归 human activity 人类活动
development n. 发展 agriculture n. 农业 industry n. 工业
urbanization n. 城市化 pollution n. 污染 climate change 气候变化
global warming 全球变暖 awareness n. 意识 education n. 教育
conservationist n.自然资源保护者 activist n. 活动家 ranger n. 护林员，巡护员
volunteer n. 志愿者 researcher n. 研究员 IUCN 世界自然保护联盟
WWF 世界自然基金会
二、词性变换
protect v. → protection n. → protective adj.
conserve v. → conservation n. → conservative adj.
extinct adj. → extinction n.
endanger v. → endangered adj. → endangerment n.
pollute v. → pollution n. → polluted adj.
develop v. → development n. → developing/developed adj.
organize v. → organization n. → organizational adj.
educate v. → education n. → educational adj.
danger n. → dangerous adj.
nature n. → natural adj. → naturally adv.
environment n. → environmental adj.
biology n. → biological adj. → biologist n.
diverse adj. → diversity n. → biodiversity n.
survive v. → survival n. → survivor n.
三、重点短语与固定搭配
be in danger of extinction 面临灭绝危险 on the verge of extinction 濒临灭绝
at risk of 有...的风险 under threat 受到威胁
die out 逐渐消亡 face the threat of 面临...的威胁
suffer from 遭受...之苦 take action to protect 采取行动保护
set up nature reserves 建立自然保护区 establish protection zones 设立保护区
carry out rescue missions 执行救援任务 run breeding programs 开展繁殖计划
raise awareness 提高意识 call for protection 呼吁保护
fight against poaching 打击偷猎 ban illegal trade 禁止非法贸易
impose fines 处以罚款 lead to 导致
result in 造成...结果 contribute to 导致，促成
be responsible for 对...负责 have a negative impact on 对...有负面影响
play a role in 在...中起作用 as a consequence of 作为...的结果
increase in number 数量增加 decrease in population 种群数量减少
drop dramatically 急剧下降 grow steadily 稳步增长
remain stable 保持稳定 fall to a new low 降至新低
from my perspective 在我看来 in my opinion 依我看来
it is believed that 人们认为 there is no doubt that 毫无疑问
we must recognize that 我们必须认识到
四、重点句型
1. 描述现状与问题
It is estimated that... 据估计...
According to statistics,... 据统计...
...is facing a serious threat from... ...正面临来自...的严重威胁
The number of...has dropped by...% in the last decade. 过去十年...的数量下降了...%。
2. 分析原因
The main reason for...is... ...的主要原因是...
...can be attributed to... ...可以归因于...
What causes this problem is... 导致这个问题的是...
There are several factors contributing to this situation. 有几个因素导致了这种情况。
3. 提出解决方案
Measures should be taken to... 应该采取措施来...
It is essential that we... 我们必须...
One effective way is to... 一个有效的方法是...
The government should play a leading role in... 政府应该在...方面发挥主导作用。
4. 表达紧迫性
It is urgent that... ...是紧急的
Immediate action is required. 需要立即采取行动。
We cannot afford to wait any longer. 我们不能再等下去了。
Time is running out for... ...的时间不多了。
5. 呼吁行动
It is everyone’s responsibility to... ...是每个人的责任
Let’s join hands to protect... 让我们携手保护...
We appeal to the public to... 我们呼吁公众...
Every effort counts. 每一份努力都很重要。
五、语法聚焦
1. 现在进行时被动语态
表示正在被进行的保护行动
结构：am/is/are + being + 过去分词
例句：New laws are being passed to protect wildlife.
The injured elephant is being treated at the rescue center.
2. 现在完成时被动语态
表示已完成的保护工作或已造成的影响
结构：have/has + been + 过去分词
例句：Many reserves have been established in this area.
The panda population has been increasing steadily.
3. 定语从句
where引导地点：This is the reserve where pandas are protected.
when引导时间：I remember the day when I first saw a tiger.
why引导原因：That's the reason why we need to act now.
4. 非谓语动词作状语
现在分词表主动、进行：Seeing the dying animal, I felt heartbroken.
过去分词表被动、完成：Protected by law, these species have a better chance.
六、写作应用
议论文框架：野生动物保护的重要性
引言段：背景介绍 + 问题陈述 + 个人立场
常用开头：With the rapid development of human society, wildlife is facing unprecedented challenges...
主体段（23段）：
1. 重要性分析：
生态平衡：Wildlife plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance.
科学研究：Many species have potential value for scientific research.
文化意义：Some animals are symbols of national culture.
2. 现状与威胁：
数据支撑：According to recent reports, the population of...has declined by...
原因分析：The primary threats include habitat loss, illegal hunting, and...
3. 解决方案：
政府层面：The government should strengthen laws and increase funding.
公众参与：Public awareness campaigns are essential.
国际合作：Global cooperation is needed to combat wildlife trafficking.
结尾段：总结观点 + 呼吁行动
示例：In conclusion, protecting wildlife is not just about saving animals; it’s about preserving our planet for future generations. Let’s take action before it’s too late.
图表描述句型（适用于种群数量变化）
描述趋势：The graph shows a sharp decline in the number of...
There was a steady increase from...to...
The figure remained stable during this period.
描述数据：In 2010, the population stood at...
By 2020, it had dropped to...
The peak was reached in...with...
倡议书常用表达
开头：We are writing to draw your attention to...
正文：It has come to our notice that... / We propose that...
结尾：We sincerely hope that... / Your support would be greatly appreciated.
七、文化背景与案例
国际保护案例
1. 中国大熊猫保护：从濒危到易危的成功案例
2. 非洲象保护：打击象牙贸易的国际努力
3. 东北虎保护：中俄跨境合作范例
4. 海龟保护：海洋保护的标志性物种
相关节日与活动
World Wildlife Day（3月3日）：世界野生动植物日
Earth Day（4月22日）：地球日
Endangered Species Day（5月第三个周五）：濒危物种日
国际公约与组织
CITES：《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》
The Wildlife Conservation Society：野生动物保护协会
The Nature Conservancy：大自然保护协会
Unit3 The Internet 知识清单
一、核心词汇
Internet n. 互联网 network n. 网络 website n. 网站
webpage n. 网页 online adj./adv. 在线（的） offline adj./adv. 离线（的）
access n./v. 访问，接入 connect v. 连接 connection n. 连接
broadband n. 宽带 WiFi/WiFi n. 无线网络 router n. 路由器
modem n. 调制解调器 search engine 搜索引擎 browser n. 浏览器
social media 社交媒体 platform n. 平台 app/application n. 应用程序
email n. 电子邮件 instant messaging 即时通讯 blog n. 博客 v. 写博客
vlog n. 视频博客 stream v./n. 流媒体，直播 download v./n. 下载
upload v./n. 上传 cloud storage 云存储 ecommerce 电子商务
information n. 信息 data n. 数据 content n. 内容
resource n. 资源 database n. 数据库 link n. 链接 v. 连接
click v./n. 点击 scroll v. 滚动浏览 browse v. 浏览
surf v. 浏览（网络） digital adj. 数字的 virtual adj. 虚拟的
user n. 用户 netizen n. 网民 blogger n. 博主
influencer n. 网红，有影响力的人 follower n. 粉丝，关注者 subscriber n. 订阅者
post v. 发布 n. 帖子 share v./n. 分享 comment v./n. 评论
like v./n. 点赞 forward v. 转发 update v./n. 更新
log in/on 登录 log out/off 登出 register v. 注册
subscribe v. 订阅 interaction n. 互动 security n. 安全
privacy n. 隐私 password n. 密码 account n. 账户
virus n. 病毒 hacker n. 黑客 hack v. 黑客攻击
cybercrime n. 网络犯罪 fraud n. 诈骗 spam n. 垃圾邮件/信息
malware n. 恶意软件 firewall n. 防火墙 encryption n. 加密
identity theft 身份盗用 online safety 网络安全 digital age 数字时代
information age 信息时代 global village 地球村 digital divide 数字鸿沟
addiction n. 成瘾 dependence n. 依赖 impact n. 影响 v. 对...产生影响
convenience n. 便利 efficiency n. 效率 productivity n. 生产力
communication n. 交流 IoT (Internet of Things) 物联网 AI (Artificial Intelligence)人工智能
big data 大数据 VR (Virtual Reality) 虚拟现实 AR (Augmented Reality) 增强现实
二、词性变换
connect v. → connection n. → connective adj.
communicate v. → communication n. → communicative adj.
inform v. → information n. → informative adj.
apply v. → application n. → applicable adj.
subscribe v. → subscription n. → subscriber n.
protect v. → protection n. → protective adj.
secure v./adj. → security n.
private adj. → privacy n.
technology n. → technological adj. → technologically adv.
digit n. → digital adj. → digitize v.
social adj. → socialize v. → socialization n.
globe n. → global adj. → globalize v. → globalization n.
addict v./n. → addictive adj. → addiction n.
convenient adj. → convenience n. → inconvenient adj.
efficient adj. → efficiency n. → inefficient adj.
product n. → productive adj. → productivity n.
三、重点短语与固定搭配
surf the Internet 上网 browse the web 浏览网页
search for information 搜索信息 log in to an account 登录账户
set up an account 注册账户 create a profile 创建个人资料
post comments 发表评论 share content 分享内容
upload/download files 上传/下载文件 stream videos/music 播放视频/音乐
have access to 能够使用，能够访问 go online/offline 上线/离线
have an impact on 对...有影响 play a role in 在...中起作用
make a difference 产生影响，起作用 bring about changes 带来变化
lead to 导致 result in 造成...结果
contribute to 有助于，促成 benefit from 从...中受益
depend on 依赖，取决于 be addicted to 对...上瘾
face challenges 面临挑战 deal with problems 处理问题
protect privacy 保护隐私 prevent cybercrime 预防网络犯罪
avoid scams 避免诈骗 fight against 与...作斗争
be aware of 意识到 fall victim to 成为...的受害者
save time 节省时间 improve efficiency 提高效率
expand knowledge 扩展知识 broaden horizons 开阔视野
stay connected 保持联系 keep up with 跟上，保持同步
make life easier 让生活更便利 provide opportunities 提供机会
keep pace with 与...同步 adapt to changes 适应变化
embrace technology 拥抱科技 stay updated 保持更新
follow trends 跟随潮流 in the digital age 在数字时代
with the development of 随着...的发展
四、重点句型
1. 描述功能与用途
The Internet allows/enables people to... 互联网让人们能够...
One of the main functions of...is to... ...的主要功能之一是...
...can be used for... ...可以用于...
The purpose of...is to... ...的目的是...
2. 表达优势与好处
The greatest advantage of...is that... ...的最大优势是...
...makes it possible to... ...使...成为可能
Thanks to..., we can now... 多亏了...，我们现在可以...
...has greatly improved... ...极大地改善了...
3. 讨论问题与风险
One major concern is that... 一个主要担忧是...
...poses a threat to... ...对...构成威胁
There is a risk of... 存在...的风险
...may lead to negative consequences ...可能导致负面后果
4. 提出建议与措施
It is important/advisable to... 重要的是/建议...
Measures should be taken to... 应该采取措施...
Users are advised to... 建议用户...
One effective way is to... 一个有效的方法是...
5. 比较与对比
Compared with..., ...has both advantages and disadvantages.
与...相比，...既有优点也有缺点。
While...brings convenience, it also creates problems.
虽然...带来便利，但也产生问题。
On the one hand..., on the other hand... 一方面...，另一方面...
6. 表达观点与态度
From my perspective,... 从我的角度来看，...
I strongly believe that... 我坚信...
It cannot be denied that... 不可否认的是...
There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问...
五、语法聚焦
1. 现在完成时被动语态
结构：have/has + been + 过去分词
表示已经完成的动作，强调对现在的影响
例句：Many new apps have been developed this year.
The website has been visited by millions of people.
2. 情态动词被动语态
结构：情态动词 + be + 过去分词
表示可能性、必要性等
例句：Personal information should be protected.
Cybercrime must be dealt with seriously.
3. 动词不定式作主语和宾语
作主语：To use the Internet wisely is important. (常用It作形式主语：It is important to use the Internet wisely.)
作宾语：I want to learn more about online safety.
4. 动名词作主语和宾语
作主语：Spending too much time online is harmful.
作宾语：I enjoy surfing the Internet.
六、话题写作框架
议论文：互联网的利与弊
引言段：背景介绍 + 话题引入 + 个人立场
示例：In the 21st century, the Internet has become an indispensable part of our lives. While it brings numerous benefits, it also poses certain challenges.
主体段1：积极影响
信息获取：easy access to information
沟通交流：convenient communication
生活便利：online shopping, banking, etc.
教育机会：online learning resources
主体段2：消极影响
健康问题：addiction, eye strain
安全问题：privacy concerns, cybercrime
社会问题：reduced facetoface interaction
虚假信息：spread of misinformation
主体段3：解决方案
个人层面：develop healthy habits, improve digital literacy
家庭层面：parental guidance, set rules
社会层面：government regulation, public education
结尾段：总结观点 + 展望未来
示例：In conclusion, the Internet is a powerful tool that can greatly enrich our lives if used properly. It is our responsibility to maximize its benefits while minimizing its drawbacks.
图表描述：互联网使用情况
常用表达：
描述趋势：show an upward/downward trend, increase/decrease dramatically
比较数据：account for...%, rank first, be followed by
得出结论：from the data we can see..., this indicates that...
七、实用表达补充
网络礼仪 (Netiquette)
Think before you post. 发布前先思考。
Respect others’ opinions. 尊重他人观点。
Avoid using all caps. 避免全部使用大写字母（表示 shouting）。
Use appropriate language. 使用恰当的语言。
常见网络缩写
BRB Be Right Back (马上回来)
LOL Laugh Out Loud (大笑)
IMO In My Opinion (在我看来)
FYI For Your Information (供你参考)
ASAP As Soon As Possible (尽快)
网络安全提示
Use strong passwords. 使用强密码。
Don’t share personal information. 不要分享个人信息。
Be cautious with links. 谨慎点击链接。
Keep software updated. 保持软件更新。
Log out on public computers. 在公共电脑上要注销登录。
Unit4 History and Traditions 知识清单
一、核心词汇
history n. 历史 tradition n. 传统 ancient adj. 古代的
medieval adj. 中世纪的 modern adj. 现代的 contemporary adj. 当代的
era n. 时代 age n. 时期，时代 period n. 时期
century n. 世纪 millennium n. 千年 dynasty n. 朝代
generation n. 一代人 event n. 事件 incident n. 事件，事变
occurrence n. 发生，事件 revolution n. 革命 reform n. 改革
war n. 战争 battle n. 战役 conflict n. 冲突
peace n. 和平 treaty n. 条约 invasion n. 入侵
conquest n. 征服 independence n. 独立 unification n. 统一
emperor n. 皇帝 king n. 国王 queen n. 女王
monarch n. 君主 ruler n. 统治者 leader n. 领袖
hero n. 英雄 heroine n. 女英雄 ancestor n. 祖先
descendant n. 后代 pioneer n. 先驱 explorer n. 探险家
inventor n. 发明家 culture n. 文化 heritage n. 遗产
custom n. 习俗 ritual n. 仪式 ceremony n. 典礼
festival n. 节日 celebration n. 庆祝 folklore n. 民间传说
myth n. 神话 legend n. 传说 belief n. 信仰
value n. 价值观 virtue n. 美德 relic n. 遗迹
ruins n. 废墟 site n. 遗址 monument n. 纪念碑
museum n. 博物馆 artifact n. 手工艺品 antique n. 古董
document n. 文件，文献 record n. 记录 archive n. 档案馆
inscription n. 碑文，铭文 change n./v. 变化 development n. 发展
progress n. 进步 evolution n. 演变 transformation n. 转变
continuity n. 连续性 stability n. 稳定 decline n./v. 衰落
rise n./v. 兴起 fall n./v. 衰亡 flourish v. 繁荣
prosper v. 繁荣 fade v. 逐渐消失 historian n. 历史学家
archaeologist n. 考古学家 research n./v. 研究 investigate v. 调查
discover v. 发现 excavate v. 挖掘 preserve v. 保护
restore v. 修复 document v. 记录 interpret v. 解释，阐释
analyze v. 分析 evidence n. 证据 source n. 来源
fact n. 事实
二、词性变换
history n. → historical adj. → historic adj. (有历史意义的)
tradition n. → traditional adj. → traditionally adv.
culture n. → cultural adj. → culturally adv.
celebrate v. → celebration n. → celebratory adj.
preserve v. → preservation n. → preservative adj.
restore v. → restoration n. → restorative adj.
develop v. → development n. → developed/developing adj.
discover v. → discovery n. → discoverer n.
invade v. → invasion n. → invasive adj.
conquer v. → conquest n. → conqueror n.
unify v. → unification n. → unified adj.
revolution n. → revolutionary adj./n.
independence n. → independent adj.
origin n. → original adj. → originate v.
significance n. → significant adj. → signify v.
important adj. → importance n. → importantly adv.
nation n. → national adj. → nationality n.
civil adj. → civilization n. → civilized adj.
三、重点短语与固定搭配
in ancient times 在古代 during the Middle Ages 在中世纪
in the modern era 在现代 throughout history 贯穿历史
for centuries 几个世纪以来 generation after generation 一代又一代
from generation to generation 代代相传 date back to 追溯到
originate from 起源于 in the early/late...century 在...世纪初/末
play a role in 在...中发挥作用 contribute to 对...有贡献
lead to 导致 result in 导致...结果
give rise to 引起，使产生 bring about 带来，引起
undergo changes 经历变化 witness the rise and fall of 见证...的兴衰
mark a turning point 标志着一个转折点 keep/maintain traditions 保持传统
carry on traditions 传承传统 pass down 传承
follow customs 遵循习俗 observe rituals 遵守仪式
hold ceremonies 举行典礼 celebrate festivals 庆祝节日
in honor of 为了纪念... pay tribute to 向...致敬
serve as a reminder of 作为...的提醒 do research on 研究...
conduct an investigation 进行调查 make a discovery 做出发现
uncover the truth 揭露真相 piece together 拼凑起来
based on evidence 基于证据 according to historical records 根据历史记载
from a historical perspective 从历史的角度 have historical value 具有历史价值
be of great significance 具有重要意义 bear witness to 见证
reflect the spirit of 反映...的精神 embody the wisdom of 体现...的智慧
四、重点句型
1. 描述历史事件
It is recorded that... 据记载...
According to historical documents,... 根据历史文献记载，...
...marked the beginning/end of... ...标志着...的开始/结束。
This event took place in... 这个事件发生在...
2. 表达因果关系
As a result of..., ... 由于...的结果，...
...led directly to... ...直接导致了...
The main cause of...was... ...的主要原因是...
...was caused by... ...是由...引起的。
3. 比较不同时期
Compared with ancient times, modern society... 与古代相比，现代社会...
There are both similarities and differences between...and...
...和...之间既有相似之处也有不同之处。
While people in the past..., people today... 虽然过去的人们...，但今天的人们...
4. 强调传统重要性
It is important to preserve our traditions because... 保护我们的传统很重要，因为...
Traditions play a vital role in... 传统在...中起着至关重要的作用。
Without traditions, we would lose... 如果没有传统，我们会失去...
5. 讨论历史教训
We can learn from history that... 我们可以从历史中学到...
History teaches us that... 历史告诉我们...
It is important to remember that... 记住...很重要。
6. 表达个人观点
From my perspective,... 从我的角度来看，...
I believe that studying history is important because...我相信学习历史很重要，因为...
In my opinion, we should... 在我看来，我们应该...
五、语法聚焦
1. 过去完成时
结构：had + 过去分词
表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作
例句：By the end of the 19th century, the empire had already fallen.
Before the revolution, people had suffered for many years.
2. 过去进行时
结构：was/were + 现在分词
表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作
例句：While the king was giving his speech, the people were planning a rebellion.
At that time, archaeologists were excavating the ancient site.
3. 被动语态（过去时）
结构：was/were + 过去分词
强调动作的承受者
例句：The castle was built in the 12th century.
Many traditions were passed down orally.
4. 定语从句（关系副词when, where, why）
when引导时间：I remember the day when I first visited the museum.
where引导地点：This is the place where the battle took place.
why引导原因：That's the reason why we study history.
六、写作应用
议论文：历史学习的价值
引言段：背景介绍 + 问题提出 + 个人立场
示例：History is often seen as a collection of dates and events, but its true value lies in the lessons it teaches us about human nature and society.
结尾段：总结观点 + 强调重要性 + 呼吁行动
示例：In conclusion, studying history is not merely an academic exercise; it is essential for understanding our present and shaping our future. We must value and preserve our historical heritage.
七、文化背景与案例
中国历史文化关键词
1. 四大发明：Four Great Inventions (compass, gunpowder, papermaking, printing)
2. 丝绸之路：Silk Road
3. 朝代：dynasties (Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing)
4. 传统节日：Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, MidAutumn Festival
5. 文化遗产：Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta Army
世界历史文化
1. 古文明：Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, Ancient China
2. 中世纪：feudal system, knights, castles
3. 文艺复兴：Renaissance revival of art and learning
4. 工业革命：Industrial Revolution transition to new manufacturing processes
5. 重要历史事件：French Revolution, World Wars, Cold War
Unit5 Music 知识清单
一、核心词汇
classical music 古典音乐 pop music 流行音乐 rock music 摇滚乐
jazz 爵士乐 blues 布鲁斯，蓝调 folk music 民间音乐
country music 乡村音乐 hiphop 嘻哈音乐 R&B (Rhythm and Blues) 节奏布鲁斯
electronic music 电子音乐 opera 歌剧 symphony 交响乐
musical 音乐剧 instrumental music 器乐 vocal music 声乐
musician 音乐家 composer 作曲家 songwriter 词曲作家
lyricist 作词人 singer 歌手 vocalist 歌唱家
band 乐队 orchestra 管弦乐队 choir 合唱团
conductor 指挥 soloist 独奏者，独唱者 performer 表演者
audience 观众，听众 piano 钢琴 violin 小提琴
guitar 吉他 drum 鼓 flute 长笛
trumpet 小号 saxophone 萨克斯管 cello 大提琴
harp 竖琴 accordion 手风琴 traditional Chinese instruments中国传统乐器
erhu 二胡 guzheng 古筝 pipa 琵琶
dizi 笛子 rhythm 节奏 beat 节拍
melody 旋律 tune 曲调 harmony 和声
pitch 音高 tone 音色 tempo 速度
volume 音量 note 音符 scale 音阶
chord 和弦 key 调 compose 作曲
arrange 编曲 improvise 即兴创作 rehearse 排练
perform 表演 play an instrument 演奏乐器 sing a song 唱歌
record 录制 release 发行 concert 音乐会
recital 独奏会，独唱会 performance 表演 stage 舞台
song 歌曲 lyrics 歌词 album 专辑
single 单曲 track 曲目 hit song 热门歌曲
theme song 主题曲 background music 背景音乐 soundtrack 电影原声
emotional 情感的 touching 动人的 inspiring 鼓舞人心的
relaxing 令人放松的 energetic 充满活力的 soulful 深情的
catchy 朗朗上口的 popular 流行的 mainstream 主流的
alternative 非主流的 music industry 音乐产业 streaming service 流媒体服务
music video 音乐视频 karaoke 卡拉OK headphones 耳机
speaker 扬声器 amplifier 扩音器 studio 录音室
二、词性变换
music n. → musical adj. → musician n.
perform v. → performance n. → performer n.
compose v. → composition n. → composer n.
record v./n. → recording n. → recorder n.
produce v. → production n. → producer n.
create v. → creation n. → creative adj.
inspire v. → inspiration n. → inspiring adj.
relax v. → relaxation n. → relaxing adj.
entertain v. → entertainment n. → entertaining adj.
popular adj. → popularity n. → popularize v.
emotion n. → emotional adj. → emotionally adv.
rhythm n. → rhythmic adj. → rhythmically adv.
harmony n. → harmonious adj. → harmonize v.
melody n. → melodic adj. → melodious adj.
classic adj./n. → classical adj.
tradition n. → traditional adj. → traditionally adv.
culture n. → cultural adj. → culturally adv.
三、重点短语与固定搭配
listen to music 听音乐 play music 播放音乐
make music 创作音乐 form a band 组建乐队
give a concert 举办音乐会 go to a concert 去听音乐会
take music lessons 上音乐课 practice the piano 练习钢琴
rehearse for a performance 为表演排练 record an album 录制专辑
have a talent for music 有音乐天赋 be gifted in music 在音乐方面有天赋
be fond of music 喜欢音乐 be passionate about music 对音乐充满热情
have a good ear for music 有很好的乐感 be skilled at playing 擅长演奏
be into (某种音乐类型) 喜欢，热衷于 lift one’s spirits 振奋精神
calm one’s nerves 使神经平静 express emotions 表达情感
bring back memories 唤起回忆 set the mood 营造气氛
have a deep impact on 对...有深远影响 play a role in 在...中起作用
catch one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 touch one’s heart 触动某人的心
be moved by 被...感动 be impressed by 对...印象深刻
have a strong beat 节奏感强 be rich in melody 旋律丰富
be full of emotion 充满情感 gain popularity 流行起来
become a hit 成为热门 go viral 迅速传播，走红
influence the next generation 影响下一代 stand the test of time 经受住时间的考验
evolve over time 随着时间的推移而发展
四、重点句型
1. 表达音乐偏好
I’m fond of/crazy about classical music. 我喜欢/痴迷于古典音乐。
My favourite type of music is... 我最喜欢的音乐类型是...
I prefer...to... 与...相比，我更喜欢...
There’s nothing better than... 没有什么比...更好的了。
2. 描述音乐影响
Music has the power to... 音乐有...的力量。
Listening to music helps me to... 听音乐帮助我...
When I feel..., I often listen to... 当我感到...时，我经常听...
...always cheers me up. ...总是让我高兴起来。
3. 谈论音乐才能
He has a natural talent for music. 他有音乐天赋。
She is gifted in playing the piano. 她弹钢琴很有天赋。
It takes years of practice to... ...需要多年的练习。
With hard work and dedication, anyone can... 通过努力和奉献，任何人都能...
4. 描述音乐体验
Attending the concert was an unforgettable experience.
参加这次音乐会是一次难忘的经历。
I was deeply moved by the performance. 我被表演深深打动了。
The music created a magical atmosphere. 音乐营造了一种神奇的氛围。
It was the best concert I’ve ever been to. 这是我参加过的最好的音乐会。
5. 表达观点与建议
In my opinion, music education is important because...
在我看来，音乐教育很重要，因为...
I believe that everyone should have the opportunity to...
我相信每个人都应该有机会...
It would be beneficial to... ...将会是有益的。
I would recommend listening to... 我建议听...
五、语法聚焦
1. 定语从句（关系代词who, whom, which, that, whose）
修饰人：The musician who wrote this song is very talented.
修饰物：The album which was released last week is a great success.
所有关系：This is the singer whose music inspires millions.
2. 非限制性定语从句
用逗号隔开，提供附加信息
Beethoven, who composed many symphonies, is considered a musical genius.
The concert, which lasted three hours, was absolutely amazing.
3. 分词作定语
现在分词表主动、进行：The performing artist is very popular.
过去分词表被动、完成：The newly released album sold well.
4. 情态动词表达能力与可能性
can/could 表示能力：He can play three instruments.
may/might 表示可能性：This song might become a hit.
should 表示建议：You should listen to more classical music.
六、写作应用
议论文：音乐的重要性
引言段：背景介绍 + 话题引入 + 个人立场
示例：Music is often described as the universal language of mankind. It transcends cultural and linguistic barriers, touching hearts and souls across the globe.
主体段1：个人层面
情感表达与调节：Music helps people express and manage emotions.
减压与放松：Listening to music reduces stress and promotes relaxation.
激发创造力：Music stimulates imagination and creative thinking.
主体段2：社会层面
文化传承：Music preserves and transmits cultural heritage.
社会凝聚：Shared musical experiences bring people together.
教育价值：Music education develops various skills.
主体段3：全球影响
跨文化交流：Music fosters understanding between cultures.
行业经济：Music industry creates jobs and economic value.
社会变革：Music has historically inspired social movements.
结尾段：总结观点 + 强调重要性 + 未来展望
示例：In conclusion, music is far more than mere entertainment. It is an essential part of human experience that enriches our lives in countless ways.
七、文化背景
著名音乐家
古典：Mozart, Beethoven, Bach, Chopin
流行：Michael Jackson, Madonna, The Beatles
中国音乐家：冼星海(Xian Xinghai)、聂耳(Nie Er)、朗朗(Lang Lang)
音乐节与比赛
国际：Glastonbury Festival, Coachella, Eurovision
中国：Midi Music Festival, Strawberry Music Festival
比赛：Chopin Competition, Voice of China
音乐奖项
格莱美奖：Grammy Awards
全美音乐奖：American Music Awards
金曲奖：Golden Melody Awards (台湾)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
Unit1 Cultural Heritage 知识清单
一、核心词汇
heritage n. 遗产（总称） cultural heritage 文化遗产 world heritage 世界遗产
UNESCO 联合国教科文组织 preservation n. 保护，保存 conservation n.对自然、历史资源的保护
protection n. 保护 restoration n. 修复，恢复 relic n. 遗迹，遗物
antiquity n. 古迹，古物 artifact/artefact n.手工艺品,人工制品 monument n. 纪念碑，历史遗迹
site n. 遗址，地点 tangible heritage 物质文化遗产 intangible heritage 非物质文化遗产
historical site 历史遗址 archaeological site 考古遗址 ancient ruins 古代遗迹
traditional craft 传统工艺 folk art 民间艺术 oral tradition 口头传统
ritual n. 仪式 custom n. 习俗 preserve v. 保护，保存
conserve v. 保护，节约 protect v. 保护 restore v. 修复
maintain v. 维护 safeguard v. 保卫，保护 rescue v. 抢救
document v. 记录，记载 digitize v. 数字化 reconstruct v. 重建
damage n.&v. 损坏 destruction n. 破坏 deterioration n. 恶化，退化
erosion n. 侵蚀 decay n.&v. 腐烂，衰败 vandalism n. 故意破坏
neglect n.&v. 忽视 natural disaster 自然灾害 pollution n. 污染
urbanization n. 城市化 commercialization n. 商业化 historical value 历史价值
cultural value 文化价值 aesthetic value 审美价值 scientific value 科学价值
spiritual value 精神价值 symbolic adj. 象征性的 significant / adj. 重要的
precious adj. 珍贵的 priceless adj. 无价的 irreplaceable adj. 不可替代的
expert n. 专家 archaeologist n. 考古学家 historian n. 历史学家
conservator n. 文物修复师 curator n. 策展人 volunteer n. 志愿者
local community 当地社区 authority n. 当局，官方
二、词性变换
preserve v. → preservation n. → preservative adj./n.（防腐的/防腐剂）
conserve v. → conservation n. → conservative adj.（保守的）
protect v. → protection n. → protective adj.
restore v. → restoration n. → restorative adj.
destroy v. → destruction n. → destructive adj.
construct v. → construction n. → reconstruct v. → reconstruction n.
document v. → documentation n. → documentary n.（纪录片）
value v./n. → valuable adj. → invaluable adj.（极其珍贵的）
culture n. → cultural adj. → culturally adv.
history n. → historical adj.（历史的）→ historic adj.（有历史意义的）
tradition n. → traditional adj. → traditionally adv.
significance n. → significant adj. → significantly adv.
identity n. → identical adj.（完全相同的）→ identify v.（识别）
maintain v. → maintenance n.（维护）
develop v. → development n. → underdeveloped/developed adj.
threaten v. → threat n. → threatening adj.
ignore v. → ignorance n.（无知）→ ignorant adj.（无知的）
三、重点短语与固定搭配
preserve/protect/conserve...from... 保护...免受...
carry out preservation work 开展保护工作
take measures to protect 采取措施保护
put...under protection 将...置于保护之下
raise awareness of 提高对...的意识
pass down from generation to generation 代代相传
keep alive 保持活力，传承
in danger of 处于...危险中
on the verge of extinction 濒临消失
have great significance for 对...有重大意义
play a vital role in 在...中起至关重要的作用
be of great value 具有重要价值
be worthy of preservation 值得保护
bear witness to 见证
reflect the wisdom of 反映...的智慧
serve as a reminder of 作为...的提醒
face the threat of 面临...的威胁
suffer from 遭受...
fall into ruin 成为废墟
be in a state of decay 处于衰败状态
be at risk 处于危险中
pose a challenge to 对...构成挑战
join hands with 与...携手合作
work together with 与...共同努力
share responsibility for 分担...的责任
pool resources 汇集资源
reach a consensus on 就...达成共识
date back to 追溯到
originate from 起源于
throughout history 贯穿历史
in ancient times 在古代
for centuries 几个世纪以来
四、重点句型
1. 强调重要性
It is of vital importance to preserve our cultural heritage.
保护我们的文化遗产至关重要。
Nothing is more important than protecting our cultural identity.
没有什么比保护我们的文化认同更重要。
What makes this site unique is its... 这个遗址的独特之处在于它的...
2. 表达必要性
It is essential/imperative that we take action to... 我们必须采取行动...
Measures must be taken to prevent further damage. 必须采取措施防止进一步破坏。
There is an urgent need to address this issue. 迫切需要解决这个问题。
3. 描述历史与现状
This temple dates back to the 12th century. 这座寺庙可以追溯到12世纪。
Having survived wars and natural disasters, the building now faces new threats.
在经历了战争和自然灾害后，这座建筑现在面临新的威胁。
Once a thriving cultural center, the area is now in decline.
这里曾经是繁荣的文化中心，如今却在衰落。
4. 表达观点与建议
From my perspective, the government should allocate more funds to...
在我看来，政府应该拨出更多资金用于...
I strongly believe that education is the key to raising awareness.
我坚信教育是提高意识的关键。
It would be beneficial if we could combine traditional methods with modern technology. 如果能把传统方法与现代技术结合起来，将会很有益处。
5. 比较与对比
Unlike tangible heritage, intangible heritage is more difficult to preserve.
与物质文化遗产不同，非物质文化遗产更难保护。
While some countries have effective preservation systems, others are still developing theirs. 虽然一些国家有有效的保护体系，但其他国家仍在发展自己的体系。
The more we understand about our heritage, the better we can protect it.
我们对自己的遗产了解得越多，就越能保护好它。
五、语法聚焦
1. 定语从句的进阶运用
非限制性定语从句介绍背景信息：
The Great Wall, which was built over centuries, is a symbol of Chinese civilization.
介词+关系代词结构：
The tools with which the artifacts were made are also on display.
关系副词where, when, why的准确使用：
This is the reason why we must act now.
2. 现在分词与过去分词作状语
表示时间、原因、条件等：
Having recognized its value, UNESCO listed the site as World Heritage.
Damaged by the earthquake, the temple requires immediate restoration.
3. 倒装句（强调地点、否定词开头）
地点状语前置：
On the top of the mountain stands an ancient temple.
否定词开头：
Not only does heritage preservation protect the past, but it also enriches the future.
Never before have we faced such challenges in heritage conservation.
4. 虚拟语气（表达建议、愿望）
It is essential that + (should) do：
It is crucial that measures (should) be taken immediately.
wish/if only表达强烈愿望：
I wish more people would realize the importance of cultural heritage.
六、话题写作词汇补充
写作高级替换词
重要：important → crucial/vital/significant/essential
保护：protect → safeguard/preserve/conserve/guard
破坏：destroy → damage/devastate/ruin/demolish
显示：show → demonstrate/reveal/indicate/illustrate
帮助：help → assist/aid/facilitate/promote
连接词与过渡词
递进：furthermore/moreover/in addition/what’s more
转折：however/nevertheless/on the other hand/despite
因果：therefore/consequently/as a result/thus
举例：for instance/such as/take...as an example
总结：in conclusion/to sum up/in summary/all in all
七、文化背景知识
国际保护体系
World Heritage List 世界遗产名录
Intangible Cultural Heritage List 非物质文化遗产名录
World Heritage in Danger 濒危世界遗产
World Heritage Committee 世界遗产委员会
著名案例（可用作写作素材）
敦煌莫高窟 Mogao Caves：数字化保护的典范
埃及阿布辛贝神庙 Abu Simbel：国际协作迁移的成功案例
威尼斯 Venice：旅游业与保护的平衡难题
巴西国家博物馆 National Museum of Brazil：火灾警示的惨痛教训
Unit2 Wildlife Protection 知识清单
一、核心词汇
wildlife n. 野生生物（总称） species n. 物种（单复数同形） mammal n. 哺乳动物
reptile n. 爬行动物 amphibian n. 两栖动物 bird n. 鸟类
insect n. 昆虫 marine life 海洋生物 predator n. 捕食者
prey n. 猎物 population n. 种群，数量 endangered species 濒危物种
rare species 稀有物种 endangered adj. 濒危的 threatened adj. 受威胁的
vulnerable adj. 脆弱的 extinct adj. 灭绝的 extinction n. 灭绝
poach v. 偷猎 poaching n. 偷猎行为 hunt v. 狩猎
overhunting n. 过度捕猎 illegal trading 非法贸易 ivory n. 象牙
fur n. 皮毛 organization n. 组织 habitat n. 栖息地
ecosystem n. 生态系统 natural environment 自然环境 rainforest n. 雨林
grassland n. 草原 wetland n. 湿地 reserve n. 保护区
sanctuary n. 庇护所，保护区 national park 国家公园 deforestation n. 森林砍伐
habitat loss 栖息地丧失 habitat destruction 栖息地破坏 fragmentation n. 碎片化
protect v. 保护 conserve v. 保护，保存 preserve v. 保护，保存
rescue v. 拯救，救援 save v. 拯救 recover v. 恢复
reintroduce v. 重新引入 rehabilitation n. 康复 conservation n. 保护
protection n. 保护 reserve n. 保护区 breed v. 繁殖，培育
captive breeding 圈养繁殖 wild release 野化放归 human activity 人类活动
development n. 发展 agriculture n. 农业 industry n. 工业
urbanization n. 城市化 pollution n. 污染 climate change 气候变化
global warming 全球变暖 awareness n. 意识 education n. 教育
conservationist n.自然资源保护者 activist n. 活动家 ranger n. 护林员，巡护员
volunteer n. 志愿者 researcher n. 研究员 IUCN 世界自然保护联盟
WWF 世界自然基金会
二、词性变换
protect v. → protection n. → protective adj.
conserve v. → conservation n. → conservative adj.
extinct adj. → extinction n.
endanger v. → endangered adj. → endangerment n.
pollute v. → pollution n. → polluted adj.
develop v. → development n. → developing/developed adj.
organize v. → organization n. → organizational adj.
educate v. → education n. → educational adj.
danger n. → dangerous adj.
nature n. → natural adj. → naturally adv.
environment n. → environmental adj.
biology n. → biological adj. → biologist n.
diverse adj. → diversity n. → biodiversity n.
survive v. → survival n. → survivor n.
三、重点短语与固定搭配
be in danger of extinction 面临灭绝危险 on the verge of extinction 濒临灭绝
at risk of 有...的风险 under threat 受到威胁
die out 逐渐消亡 face the threat of 面临...的威胁
suffer from 遭受...之苦 take action to protect 采取行动保护
set up nature reserves 建立自然保护区 establish protection zones 设立保护区
carry out rescue missions 执行救援任务 run breeding programs 开展繁殖计划
raise awareness 提高意识 call for protection 呼吁保护
fight against poaching 打击偷猎 ban illegal trade 禁止非法贸易
impose fines 处以罚款 lead to 导致
result in 造成...结果 contribute to 导致，促成
be responsible for 对...负责 have a negative impact on 对...有负面影响
play a role in 在...中起作用 as a consequence of 作为...的结果
increase in number 数量增加 decrease in population 种群数量减少
drop dramatically 急剧下降 grow steadily 稳步增长
remain stable 保持稳定 fall to a new low 降至新低
from my perspective 在我看来 in my opinion 依我看来
it is believed that 人们认为 there is no doubt that 毫无疑问
we must recognize that 我们必须认识到
四、重点句型
1. 描述现状与问题
It is estimated that... 据估计...
According to statistics,... 据统计...
...is facing a serious threat from... ...正面临来自...的严重威胁
The number of...has dropped by...% in the last decade. 过去十年...的数量下降了...%。
2. 分析原因
The main reason for...is... ...的主要原因是...
...can be attributed to... ...可以归因于...
What causes this problem is... 导致这个问题的是...
There are several factors contributing to this situation. 有几个因素导致了这种情况。
3. 提出解决方案
Measures should be taken to... 应该采取措施来...
It is essential that we... 我们必须...
One effective way is to... 一个有效的方法是...
The government should play a leading role in... 政府应该在...方面发挥主导作用。
4. 表达紧迫性
It is urgent that... ...是紧急的
Immediate action is required. 需要立即采取行动。
We cannot afford to wait any longer. 我们不能再等下去了。
Time is running out for... ...的时间不多了。
5. 呼吁行动
It is everyone’s responsibility to... ...是每个人的责任
Let’s join hands to protect... 让我们携手保护...
We appeal to the public to... 我们呼吁公众...
Every effort counts. 每一份努力都很重要。
五、语法聚焦
1. 现在进行时被动语态
表示正在被进行的保护行动
结构：am/is/are + being + 过去分词
例句：New laws are being passed to protect wildlife.
The injured elephant is being treated at the rescue center.
2. 现在完成时被动语态
表示已完成的保护工作或已造成的影响
结构：have/has + been + 过去分词
例句：Many reserves have been established in this area.
The panda population has been increasing steadily.
3. 定语从句
where引导地点：This is the reserve where pandas are protected.
when引导时间：I remember the day when I first saw a tiger.
why引导原因：That's the reason why we need to act now.
4. 非谓语动词作状语
现在分词表主动、进行：Seeing the dying animal, I felt heartbroken.
过去分词表被动、完成：Protected by law, these species have a better chance.
六、写作应用
议论文框架：野生动物保护的重要性
引言段：背景介绍 + 问题陈述 + 个人立场
常用开头：With the rapid development of human society, wildlife is facing unprecedented challenges...
主体段（23段）：
1. 重要性分析：
生态平衡：Wildlife plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance.
科学研究：Many species have potential value for scientific research.
文化意义：Some animals are symbols of national culture.
2. 现状与威胁：
数据支撑：According to recent reports, the population of...has declined by...
原因分析：The primary threats include habitat loss, illegal hunting, and...
3. 解决方案：
政府层面：The government should strengthen laws and increase funding.
公众参与：Public awareness campaigns are essential.
国际合作：Global cooperation is needed to combat wildlife trafficking.
结尾段：总结观点 + 呼吁行动
示例：In conclusion, protecting wildlife is not just about saving animals; it’s about preserving our planet for future generations. Let’s take action before it’s too late.
图表描述句型（适用于种群数量变化）
描述趋势：The graph shows a sharp decline in the number of...
There was a steady increase from...to...
The figure remained stable during this period.
描述数据：In 2010, the population stood at...
By 2020, it had dropped to...
The peak was reached in...with...
倡议书常用表达
开头：We are writing to draw your attention to...
正文：It has come to our notice that... / We propose that...
结尾：We sincerely hope that... / Your support would be greatly appreciated.
七、文化背景与案例
国际保护案例
1. 中国大熊猫保护：从濒危到易危的成功案例
2. 非洲象保护：打击象牙贸易的国际努力
3. 东北虎保护：中俄跨境合作范例
4. 海龟保护：海洋保护的标志性物种
相关节日与活动
World Wildlife Day（3月3日）：世界野生动植物日
Earth Day（4月22日）：地球日
Endangered Species Day（5月第三个周五）：濒危物种日
国际公约与组织
CITES：《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》
The Wildlife Conservation Society：野生动物保护协会
The Nature Conservancy：大自然保护协会
Unit3 The Internet 知识清单
一、核心词汇
Internet n. 互联网 network n. 网络 website n. 网站
webpage n. 网页 online adj./adv. 在线（的） offline adj./adv. 离线（的）
access n./v. 访问，接入 connect v. 连接 connection n. 连接
broadband n. 宽带 WiFi/WiFi n. 无线网络 router n. 路由器
modem n. 调制解调器 search engine 搜索引擎 browser n. 浏览器
social media 社交媒体 platform n. 平台 app/application n. 应用程序
email n. 电子邮件 instant messaging 即时通讯 blog n. 博客 v. 写博客
vlog n. 视频博客 stream v./n. 流媒体，直播 download v./n. 下载
upload v./n. 上传 cloud storage 云存储 ecommerce 电子商务
information n. 信息 data n. 数据 content n. 内容
resource n. 资源 database n. 数据库 link n. 链接 v. 连接
click v./n. 点击 scroll v. 滚动浏览 browse v. 浏览
surf v. 浏览（网络） digital adj. 数字的 virtual adj. 虚拟的
user n. 用户 netizen n. 网民 blogger n. 博主
influencer n. 网红，有影响力的人 follower n. 粉丝，关注者 subscriber n. 订阅者
post v. 发布 n. 帖子 share v./n. 分享 comment v./n. 评论
like v./n. 点赞 forward v. 转发 update v./n. 更新
log in/on 登录 log out/off 登出 register v. 注册
subscribe v. 订阅 interaction n. 互动 security n. 安全
privacy n. 隐私 password n. 密码 account n. 账户
virus n. 病毒 hacker n. 黑客 hack v. 黑客攻击
cybercrime n. 网络犯罪 fraud n. 诈骗 spam n. 垃圾邮件/信息
malware n. 恶意软件 firewall n. 防火墙 encryption n. 加密
identity theft 身份盗用 online safety 网络安全 digital age 数字时代
information age 信息时代 global village 地球村 digital divide 数字鸿沟
addiction n. 成瘾 dependence n. 依赖 impact n. 影响 v. 对...产生影响
convenience n. 便利 efficiency n. 效率 productivity n. 生产力
communication n. 交流 IoT (Internet of Things) 物联网 AI (Artificial Intelligence)人工智能
big data 大数据 VR (Virtual Reality) 虚拟现实 AR (Augmented Reality) 增强现实
二、词性变换
connect v. → connection n. → connective adj.
communicate v. → communication n. → communicative adj.
inform v. → information n. → informative adj.
apply v. → application n. → applicable adj.
subscribe v. → subscription n. → subscriber n.
protect v. → protection n. → protective adj.
secure v./adj. → security n.
private adj. → privacy n.
technology n. → technological adj. → technologically adv.
digit n. → digital adj. → digitize v.
social adj. → socialize v. → socialization n.
globe n. → global adj. → globalize v. → globalization n.
addict v./n. → addictive adj. → addiction n.
convenient adj. → convenience n. → inconvenient adj.
efficient adj. → efficiency n. → inefficient adj.
product n. → productive adj. → productivity n.
三、重点短语与固定搭配
surf the Internet 上网 browse the web 浏览网页
search for information 搜索信息 log in to an account 登录账户
set up an account 注册账户 create a profile 创建个人资料
post comments 发表评论 share content 分享内容
upload/download files 上传/下载文件 stream videos/music 播放视频/音乐
have access to 能够使用，能够访问 go online/offline 上线/离线
have an impact on 对...有影响 play a role in 在...中起作用
make a difference 产生影响，起作用 bring about changes 带来变化
lead to 导致 result in 造成...结果
contribute to 有助于，促成 benefit from 从...中受益
depend on 依赖，取决于 be addicted to 对...上瘾
face challenges 面临挑战 deal with problems 处理问题
protect privacy 保护隐私 prevent cybercrime 预防网络犯罪
avoid scams 避免诈骗 fight against 与...作斗争
be aware of 意识到 fall victim to 成为...的受害者
save time 节省时间 improve efficiency 提高效率
expand knowledge 扩展知识 broaden horizons 开阔视野
stay connected 保持联系 keep up with 跟上，保持同步
make life easier 让生活更便利 provide opportunities 提供机会
keep pace with 与...同步 adapt to changes 适应变化
embrace technology 拥抱科技 stay updated 保持更新
follow trends 跟随潮流 in the digital age 在数字时代
with the development of 随着...的发展
四、重点句型
1. 描述功能与用途
The Internet allows/enables people to... 互联网让人们能够...
One of the main functions of...is to... ...的主要功能之一是...
...can be used for... ...可以用于...
The purpose of...is to... ...的目的是...
2. 表达优势与好处
The greatest advantage of...is that... ...的最大优势是...
...makes it possible to... ...使...成为可能
Thanks to..., we can now... 多亏了...，我们现在可以...
...has greatly improved... ...极大地改善了...
3. 讨论问题与风险
One major concern is that... 一个主要担忧是...
...poses a threat to... ...对...构成威胁
There is a risk of... 存在...的风险
...may lead to negative consequences ...可能导致负面后果
4. 提出建议与措施
It is important/advisable to... 重要的是/建议...
Measures should be taken to... 应该采取措施...
Users are advised to... 建议用户...
One effective way is to... 一个有效的方法是...
5. 比较与对比
Compared with..., ...has both advantages and disadvantages.
与...相比，...既有优点也有缺点。
While...brings convenience, it also creates problems.
虽然...带来便利，但也产生问题。
On the one hand..., on the other hand... 一方面...，另一方面...
6. 表达观点与态度
From my perspective,... 从我的角度来看，...
I strongly believe that... 我坚信...
It cannot be denied that... 不可否认的是...
There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问...
五、语法聚焦
1. 现在完成时被动语态
结构：have/has + been + 过去分词
表示已经完成的动作，强调对现在的影响
例句：Many new apps have been developed this year.
The website has been visited by millions of people.
2. 情态动词被动语态
结构：情态动词 + be + 过去分词
表示可能性、必要性等
例句：Personal information should be protected.
Cybercrime must be dealt with seriously.
3. 动词不定式作主语和宾语
作主语：To use the Internet wisely is important. (常用It作形式主语：It is important to use the Internet wisely.)
作宾语：I want to learn more about online safety.
4. 动名词作主语和宾语
作主语：Spending too much time online is harmful.
作宾语：I enjoy surfing the Internet.
六、话题写作框架
议论文：互联网的利与弊
引言段：背景介绍 + 话题引入 + 个人立场
示例：In the 21st century, the Internet has become an indispensable part of our lives. While it brings numerous benefits, it also poses certain challenges.
主体段1：积极影响
信息获取：easy access to information
沟通交流：convenient communication
生活便利：online shopping, banking, etc.
教育机会：online learning resources
主体段2：消极影响
健康问题：addiction, eye strain
安全问题：privacy concerns, cybercrime
社会问题：reduced facetoface interaction
虚假信息：spread of misinformation
主体段3：解决方案
个人层面：develop healthy habits, improve digital literacy
家庭层面：parental guidance, set rules
社会层面：government regulation, public education
结尾段：总结观点 + 展望未来
示例：In conclusion, the Internet is a powerful tool that can greatly enrich our lives if used properly. It is our responsibility to maximize its benefits while minimizing its drawbacks.
图表描述：互联网使用情况
常用表达：
描述趋势：show an upward/downward trend, increase/decrease dramatically
比较数据：account for...%, rank first, be followed by
得出结论：from the data we can see..., this indicates that...
七、实用表达补充
网络礼仪 (Netiquette)
Think before you post. 发布前先思考。
Respect others’ opinions. 尊重他人观点。
Avoid using all caps. 避免全部使用大写字母（表示 shouting）。
Use appropriate language. 使用恰当的语言。
常见网络缩写
BRB Be Right Back (马上回来)
LOL Laugh Out Loud (大笑)
IMO In My Opinion (在我看来)
FYI For Your Information (供你参考)
ASAP As Soon As Possible (尽快)
网络安全提示
Use strong passwords. 使用强密码。
Don’t share personal information. 不要分享个人信息。
Be cautious with links. 谨慎点击链接。
Keep software updated. 保持软件更新。
Log out on public computers. 在公共电脑上要注销登录。
Unit4 History and Traditions 知识清单
一、核心词汇
history n. 历史 tradition n. 传统 ancient adj. 古代的
medieval adj. 中世纪的 modern adj. 现代的 contemporary adj. 当代的
era n. 时代 age n. 时期，时代 period n. 时期
century n. 世纪 millennium n. 千年 dynasty n. 朝代
generation n. 一代人 event n. 事件 incident n. 事件，事变
occurrence n. 发生，事件 revolution n. 革命 reform n. 改革
war n. 战争 battle n. 战役 conflict n. 冲突
peace n. 和平 treaty n. 条约 invasion n. 入侵
conquest n. 征服 independence n. 独立 unification n. 统一
emperor n. 皇帝 king n. 国王 queen n. 女王
monarch n. 君主 ruler n. 统治者 leader n. 领袖
hero n. 英雄 heroine n. 女英雄 ancestor n. 祖先
descendant n. 后代 pioneer n. 先驱 explorer n. 探险家
inventor n. 发明家 culture n. 文化 heritage n. 遗产
custom n. 习俗 ritual n. 仪式 ceremony n. 典礼
festival n. 节日 celebration n. 庆祝 folklore n. 民间传说
myth n. 神话 legend n. 传说 belief n. 信仰
value n. 价值观 virtue n. 美德 relic n. 遗迹
ruins n. 废墟 site n. 遗址 monument n. 纪念碑
museum n. 博物馆 artifact n. 手工艺品 antique n. 古董
document n. 文件，文献 record n. 记录 archive n. 档案馆
inscription n. 碑文，铭文 change n./v. 变化 development n. 发展
progress n. 进步 evolution n. 演变 transformation n. 转变
continuity n. 连续性 stability n. 稳定 decline n./v. 衰落
rise n./v. 兴起 fall n./v. 衰亡 flourish v. 繁荣
prosper v. 繁荣 fade v. 逐渐消失 historian n. 历史学家
archaeologist n. 考古学家 research n./v. 研究 investigate v. 调查
discover v. 发现 excavate v. 挖掘 preserve v. 保护
restore v. 修复 document v. 记录 interpret v. 解释，阐释
analyze v. 分析 evidence n. 证据 source n. 来源
fact n. 事实
二、词性变换
history n. → historical adj. → historic adj. (有历史意义的)
tradition n. → traditional adj. → traditionally adv.
culture n. → cultural adj. → culturally adv.
celebrate v. → celebration n. → celebratory adj.
preserve v. → preservation n. → preservative adj.
restore v. → restoration n. → restorative adj.
develop v. → development n. → developed/developing adj.
discover v. → discovery n. → discoverer n.
invade v. → invasion n. → invasive adj.
conquer v. → conquest n. → conqueror n.
unify v. → unification n. → unified adj.
revolution n. → revolutionary adj./n.
independence n. → independent adj.
origin n. → original adj. → originate v.
significance n. → significant adj. → signify v.
important adj. → importance n. → importantly adv.
nation n. → national adj. → nationality n.
civil adj. → civilization n. → civilized adj.
三、重点短语与固定搭配
in ancient times 在古代 during the Middle Ages 在中世纪
in the modern era 在现代 throughout history 贯穿历史
for centuries 几个世纪以来 generation after generation 一代又一代
from generation to generation 代代相传 date back to 追溯到
originate from 起源于 in the early/late...century 在...世纪初/末
play a role in 在...中发挥作用 contribute to 对...有贡献
lead to 导致 result in 导致...结果
give rise to 引起，使产生 bring about 带来，引起
undergo changes 经历变化 witness the rise and fall of 见证...的兴衰
mark a turning point 标志着一个转折点 keep/maintain traditions 保持传统
carry on traditions 传承传统 pass down 传承
follow customs 遵循习俗 observe rituals 遵守仪式
hold ceremonies 举行典礼 celebrate festivals 庆祝节日
in honor of 为了纪念... pay tribute to 向...致敬
serve as a reminder of 作为...的提醒 do research on 研究...
conduct an investigation 进行调查 make a discovery 做出发现
uncover the truth 揭露真相 piece together 拼凑起来
based on evidence 基于证据 according to historical records 根据历史记载
from a historical perspective 从历史的角度 have historical value 具有历史价值
be of great significance 具有重要意义 bear witness to 见证
reflect the spirit of 反映...的精神 embody the wisdom of 体现...的智慧
四、重点句型
1. 描述历史事件
It is recorded that... 据记载...
According to historical documents,... 根据历史文献记载，...
...marked the beginning/end of... ...标志着...的开始/结束。
This event took place in... 这个事件发生在...
2. 表达因果关系
As a result of..., ... 由于...的结果，...
...led directly to... ...直接导致了...
The main cause of...was... ...的主要原因是...
...was caused by... ...是由...引起的。
3. 比较不同时期
Compared with ancient times, modern society... 与古代相比，现代社会...
There are both similarities and differences between...and...
...和...之间既有相似之处也有不同之处。
While people in the past..., people today... 虽然过去的人们...，但今天的人们...
4. 强调传统重要性
It is important to preserve our traditions because... 保护我们的传统很重要，因为...
Traditions play a vital role in... 传统在...中起着至关重要的作用。
Without traditions, we would lose... 如果没有传统，我们会失去...
5. 讨论历史教训
We can learn from history that... 我们可以从历史中学到...
History teaches us that... 历史告诉我们...
It is important to remember that... 记住...很重要。
6. 表达个人观点
From my perspective,... 从我的角度来看，...
I believe that studying history is important because...我相信学习历史很重要，因为...
In my opinion, we should... 在我看来，我们应该...
五、语法聚焦
1. 过去完成时
结构：had + 过去分词
表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作
例句：By the end of the 19th century, the empire had already fallen.
Before the revolution, people had suffered for many years.
2. 过去进行时
结构：was/were + 现在分词
表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作
例句：While the king was giving his speech, the people were planning a rebellion.
At that time, archaeologists were excavating the ancient site.
3. 被动语态（过去时）
结构：was/were + 过去分词
强调动作的承受者
例句：The castle was built in the 12th century.
Many traditions were passed down orally.
4. 定语从句（关系副词when, where, why）
when引导时间：I remember the day when I first visited the museum.
where引导地点：This is the place where the battle took place.
why引导原因：That's the reason why we study history.
六、写作应用
议论文：历史学习的价值
引言段：背景介绍 + 问题提出 + 个人立场
示例：History is often seen as a collection of dates and events, but its true value lies in the lessons it teaches us about human nature and society.
结尾段：总结观点 + 强调重要性 + 呼吁行动
示例：In conclusion, studying history is not merely an academic exercise; it is essential for understanding our present and shaping our future. We must value and preserve our historical heritage.
七、文化背景与案例
中国历史文化关键词
1. 四大发明：Four Great Inventions (compass, gunpowder, papermaking, printing)
2. 丝绸之路：Silk Road
3. 朝代：dynasties (Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing)
4. 传统节日：Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, MidAutumn Festival
5. 文化遗产：Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta Army
世界历史文化
1. 古文明：Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, Ancient China
2. 中世纪：feudal system, knights, castles
3. 文艺复兴：Renaissance revival of art and learning
4. 工业革命：Industrial Revolution transition to new manufacturing processes
5. 重要历史事件：French Revolution, World Wars, Cold War
Unit5 Music 知识清单
一、核心词汇
classical music 古典音乐 pop music 流行音乐 rock music 摇滚乐
jazz 爵士乐 blues 布鲁斯，蓝调 folk music 民间音乐
country music 乡村音乐 hiphop 嘻哈音乐 R&B (Rhythm and Blues) 节奏布鲁斯
electronic music 电子音乐 opera 歌剧 symphony 交响乐
musical 音乐剧 instrumental music 器乐 vocal music 声乐
musician 音乐家 composer 作曲家 songwriter 词曲作家
lyricist 作词人 singer 歌手 vocalist 歌唱家
band 乐队 orchestra 管弦乐队 choir 合唱团
conductor 指挥 soloist 独奏者，独唱者 performer 表演者
audience 观众，听众 piano 钢琴 violin 小提琴
guitar 吉他 drum 鼓 flute 长笛
trumpet 小号 saxophone 萨克斯管 cello 大提琴
harp 竖琴 accordion 手风琴 traditional Chinese instruments中国传统乐器
erhu 二胡 guzheng 古筝 pipa 琵琶
dizi 笛子 rhythm 节奏 beat 节拍
melody 旋律 tune 曲调 harmony 和声
pitch 音高 tone 音色 tempo 速度
volume 音量 note 音符 scale 音阶
chord 和弦 key 调 compose 作曲
arrange 编曲 improvise 即兴创作 rehearse 排练
perform 表演 play an instrument 演奏乐器 sing a song 唱歌
record 录制 release 发行 concert 音乐会
recital 独奏会，独唱会 performance 表演 stage 舞台
song 歌曲 lyrics 歌词 album 专辑
single 单曲 track 曲目 hit song 热门歌曲
theme song 主题曲 background music 背景音乐 soundtrack 电影原声
emotional 情感的 touching 动人的 inspiring 鼓舞人心的
relaxing 令人放松的 energetic 充满活力的 soulful 深情的
catchy 朗朗上口的 popular 流行的 mainstream 主流的
alternative 非主流的 music industry 音乐产业 streaming service 流媒体服务
music video 音乐视频 karaoke 卡拉OK headphones 耳机
speaker 扬声器 amplifier 扩音器 studio 录音室
二、词性变换
music n. → musical adj. → musician n.
perform v. → performance n. → performer n.
compose v. → composition n. → composer n.
record v./n. → recording n. → recorder n.
produce v. → production n. → producer n.
create v. → creation n. → creative adj.
inspire v. → inspiration n. → inspiring adj.
relax v. → relaxation n. → relaxing adj.
entertain v. → entertainment n. → entertaining adj.
popular adj. → popularity n. → popularize v.
emotion n. → emotional adj. → emotionally adv.
rhythm n. → rhythmic adj. → rhythmically adv.
harmony n. → harmonious adj. → harmonize v.
melody n. → melodic adj. → melodious adj.
classic adj./n. → classical adj.
tradition n. → traditional adj. → traditionally adv.
culture n. → cultural adj. → culturally adv.
三、重点短语与固定搭配
listen to music 听音乐 play music 播放音乐
make music 创作音乐 form a band 组建乐队
give a concert 举办音乐会 go to a concert 去听音乐会
take music lessons 上音乐课 practice the piano 练习钢琴
rehearse for a performance 为表演排练 record an album 录制专辑
have a talent for music 有音乐天赋 be gifted in music 在音乐方面有天赋
be fond of music 喜欢音乐 be passionate about music 对音乐充满热情
have a good ear for music 有很好的乐感 be skilled at playing 擅长演奏
be into (某种音乐类型) 喜欢，热衷于 lift one’s spirits 振奋精神
calm one’s nerves 使神经平静 express emotions 表达情感
bring back memories 唤起回忆 set the mood 营造气氛
have a deep impact on 对...有深远影响 play a role in 在...中起作用
catch one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 touch one’s heart 触动某人的心
be moved by 被...感动 be impressed by 对...印象深刻
have a strong beat 节奏感强 be rich in melody 旋律丰富
be full of emotion 充满情感 gain popularity 流行起来
become a hit 成为热门 go viral 迅速传播，走红
influence the next generation 影响下一代 stand the test of time 经受住时间的考验
evolve over time 随着时间的推移而发展
四、重点句型
1. 表达音乐偏好
I’m fond of/crazy about classical music. 我喜欢/痴迷于古典音乐。
My favourite type of music is... 我最喜欢的音乐类型是...
I prefer...to... 与...相比，我更喜欢...
There’s nothing better than... 没有什么比...更好的了。
2. 描述音乐影响
Music has the power to... 音乐有...的力量。
Listening to music helps me to... 听音乐帮助我...
When I feel..., I often listen to... 当我感到...时，我经常听...
...always cheers me up. ...总是让我高兴起来。
3. 谈论音乐才能
He has a natural talent for music. 他有音乐天赋。
She is gifted in playing the piano. 她弹钢琴很有天赋。
It takes years of practice to... ...需要多年的练习。
With hard work and dedication, anyone can... 通过努力和奉献，任何人都能...
4. 描述音乐体验
Attending the concert was an unforgettable experience.
参加这次音乐会是一次难忘的经历。
I was deeply moved by the performance. 我被表演深深打动了。
The music created a magical atmosphere. 音乐营造了一种神奇的氛围。
It was the best concert I’ve ever been to. 这是我参加过的最好的音乐会。
5. 表达观点与建议
In my opinion, music education is important because...
在我看来，音乐教育很重要，因为...
I believe that everyone should have the opportunity to...
我相信每个人都应该有机会...
It would be beneficial to... ...将会是有益的。
I would recommend listening to... 我建议听...
五、语法聚焦
1. 定语从句（关系代词who, whom, which, that, whose）
修饰人：The musician who wrote this song is very talented.
修饰物：The album which was released last week is a great success.
所有关系：This is the singer whose music inspires millions.
2. 非限制性定语从句
用逗号隔开，提供附加信息
Beethoven, who composed many symphonies, is considered a musical genius.
The concert, which lasted three hours, was absolutely amazing.
3. 分词作定语
现在分词表主动、进行：The performing artist is very popular.
过去分词表被动、完成：The newly released album sold well.
4. 情态动词表达能力与可能性
can/could 表示能力：He can play three instruments.
may/might 表示可能性：This song might become a hit.
should 表示建议：You should listen to more classical music.
六、写作应用
议论文：音乐的重要性
引言段：背景介绍 + 话题引入 + 个人立场
示例：Music is often described as the universal language of mankind. It transcends cultural and linguistic barriers, touching hearts and souls across the globe.
主体段1：个人层面
情感表达与调节：Music helps people express and manage emotions.
减压与放松：Listening to music reduces stress and promotes relaxation.
激发创造力：Music stimulates imagination and creative thinking.
主体段2：社会层面
文化传承：Music preserves and transmits cultural heritage.
社会凝聚：Shared musical experiences bring people together.
教育价值：Music education develops various skills.
主体段3：全球影响
跨文化交流：Music fosters understanding between cultures.
行业经济：Music industry creates jobs and economic value.
社会变革：Music has historically inspired social movements.
结尾段：总结观点 + 强调重要性 + 未来展望
示例：In conclusion, music is far more than mere entertainment. It is an essential part of human experience that enriches our lives in countless ways.
七、文化背景
著名音乐家
古典：Mozart, Beethoven, Bach, Chopin
流行：Michael Jackson, Madonna, The Beatles
中国音乐家：冼星海(Xian Xinghai)、聂耳(Nie Er)、朗朗(Lang Lang)
音乐节与比赛
国际：Glastonbury Festival, Coachella, Eurovision
中国：Midi Music Festival, Strawberry Music Festival
比赛：Chopin Competition, Voice of China
音乐奖项
格莱美奖：Grammy Awards
全美音乐奖：American Music Awards
金曲奖：Golden Melody Awards (台湾)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)