Unit 5 Into the wild Grammar 课件

(共27张PPT)
Unit 5
Unit 5
Into the wild
Attributive clauses (2)
To read the passage and understand the attributive clauses led by where, when and why;
To learn what where, when and why refer to in the sentence;
To know the differences between which/that and where, when, why;
To describe animals by using attributive clauses led by where, when and why.
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the question.
a. Eventually, it manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter.
b. The solution… comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.
c. Sadly, human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling.
1. What do “where”, “when” and “why” refer to in each sentences
“Where” refers to “the places” in sentence (a), “when” refers to “a time” in sentence (b) and “why” refers to “the main reason” in sentence (c).
a. Eventually, it manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter.
Compare sentences a, b, c with d, e, f and answer the questions.
d. Eventually, it manages to reach those places. It will spend the winter there.
one
sentence
defining the noun “places”
two sentences
use an adverb
b. The solution… comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.
e. It is in serious trouble. The solution… comes at this time.
one
sentence
two sentences
defining the noun “time”
use a phrase to show the time
c. Sadly, human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling.
f. Sadly, human activity is the main reason.
For this reason, the number of monarch butterflies is falling.
one
sentence
two sentences
defining the noun “reason”
use a phrase
2. What’s the difference between the two groups of sentences
Sentences (a), (b) and (c) contain a clause defining a noun or pronoun in the sentence. Sentences (d), (e) and (f) are constructed with a pair of simple sentences, with one defining a noun or pronoun in the other sentence in each pair.
Why does the author choose to use sentences (a), (b), and (c) in the reading passage
Because there is a closer link and connection between the item and the clause defining it in the sentences (a), (b) and (c). It will also make the passage clearer, and create an emphatic effect on the location, time and reason being defined.
2) In many of the places where the butterfly can be found, people are destroying the natural environment.
Look for more sentences with attributive clauses in the reading passage.
1) These two pieces of information – the time of day
and the point where the sun is in the sky — allow the butterfly to determine the way to go.
先行词
Where在从句中作地点状语
3) They cut down trees and use chemicals that kill the plants that monarch caterpillars eat.
4) If this works, there may come a time when the number of monarch butterflies increases once again.
由关系代词引导的定语从句
当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中用作时间、地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词when, where, why或“介词+which”。
关系副词的作用如下：
(1)指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词；
(2)在从句中充当句子成分——状语，即在从句中起副词的作用；(3)起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来构成主从复合句。
关系副词引导的定语从句
2. when, where, why引导的定语从句
(1)when引导定语从句的用法
①当先行词是表示时间的名词 (如time, day, year, month, week等)，且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导。
e.g. Can you tell me the time when the film will start
② when可以换成“介词+which”。
e.g. I still remember the time when (=in which) I was in
college.
【注意】
当先行词是表示时间的名词时，用when引导，还是用that或which引导，关键看关系词在定语从句中做何种成分。
若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，则用when引导；
若关系词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。
e.g. Do you still remember the days (that/ which) we spent
together on the farm (that或which作spent的宾语)
Do you still remember the days when we chatted with each
other all night (when在从句中作状语)
(2) where引导定语从句的用法
① 当先行词是表示具体地点的名词 (如place, room, mountain, airport等)或抽象地点的名词 (如case, state, condition, point, situation等)，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导。
e.g. We have reached a point where a change is needed.
He gets into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right or wrong.
② where可以换成“介词+which”。
eg This is the hotel where (=in which) they stayed.
【注意】
当先行词为地点名词时，如果指代先行词的关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。
e.g. His father works in a factory which / that makes radio
parts.
(3) why引导定语从句的用法
① 当先行词是表示原因的名词reason(s), 且引导词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句。
② why可以用for which来代替。
e.g. This is the reason why (=for which) he left in a hurry.
【注意】
若代替先行词reason的关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而充当主语或宾语时，则用that或which来引导定语从句。
e.g. The reason that he told me yesterday is a lie.
3. 关系代词与关系副词的选择
定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可以用以下两种方式判断：
用法 依据
根据从句的谓语动词 是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；是不及物动词则用关系副词。
根据先行词在从句中所作成分 把先行词放入定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系代词；作状语用关系副词。
e.g. This is the factory where he used to work. (work是不及物动词)
This is the factory (that/ which) I visited last year. (visit是及物动词，且从句中无宾语)
Is this the museum (that/ which) you visited a few days ago (museum在从句中作宾语)
Is this the museum where I can see fossils (化石) of early reptiles (爬行动物) (museum 在从句中作地点状语)
Read the passage and underline the words that where, when, and why refer to.
In April 2017, two giant pandas from China arrived at a zoo in the Netherlands. There, they were welcomed to the Chinese-style compound where they were to live. On 30 May, after the preparations were complete, the day finally came when the pandas met their fans for the first time. People were excited —the zoo is the only place in the country where it is possible to see pandas. In fact, the last time there were pandas in the Netherlands was in 1987. And of course, the main reason why they were so excited is that pandas are just so cute!
From: David Waters To: Kay Silverman
Subject: Back to nature
Hi Kay,
We’re having an amazing time here in South Africa. Our accommodation is perfect. It is in a location _______ we can watch animals wandering past on their way to the waterhole.
where
Complete the email with where, when or why.
Sunset is the time of day _______ we sit on the balcony and count how many giraffes or antelopes we can see.
I guess this is the reason _______ this place is so popular. Next week, we are going to fly up to Zambia. That’s one of the countries _______ you can visit the famous Victoria Falls.
See you soon.
David
when
why
where
Write a passage about the experience between you and the animals, and use some attributive clauses in your passage.