2017年高考英语错竞技场：短文改错2.句法型错误

（Ⅰ）
下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每句不超过两个错误；
2．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
3．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Hello，boys
and
girls
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )！Today，I
am
going
to
talk
with
what
you
should
do
when
a
fire
alarm
go
off.If
you
hear
the
alarm，stand
in
line
at
the
door
and
wait
your
teacher
to
lead
you
outside.Stay
close
to
your
teacher
and
classmate.Don’t
panic
or
get
out
of
line，and
trying
to
remain
quiet
and
calmly.Soon
the
firefighters
will
come
and
put
out
a
fire.If
it’s
a
false
alarm
and
there
is
no
fire，your
teacher
will
lead
us
back
to
the
classroom.If
you
notice
that
when
someone
is
missing
and
hurt，tell
your
teacher
immediately.
【答案】
Hello，boys
and
girls！Today，I
am
going
to
talk
what
you
should
do
when
a
fire
alarm
off.If
you
hear
the
alarm，stand
in
line
at
the
door
and
wait
your
teacher
to
lead
you
outside.Stay
close
to
your
teacher
and
.Don’t
panic
or
get
out
of
line，and
to
remain
quiet
and
.Soon
the
firefighters
will
come
and
put
out
fire.If
it’s
a
false
alarm
and
there
is
no
fire，your
teacher
will
lead
back
to
the
classroom.If
you
notice
that
when
someone
is
missing
hurt，tell
your
teacher
immediately.
【分析】
这是一篇实用文体，向读者介绍遇到火警时的正确做法。
【解析】
1．with→about　[talk
with后面常跟指人的词，意思是“同某人交谈”。talk
about意为“谈论”。]
2．go→goes　[表达客观事实通常使用一般现在时态。a
fire
alarm为单数名词，故谓语动词应当用单数第三人称形式。]
3．在wait之后加上for　[wait为不及物动词，后跟宾语时要加上介词for。]
4．classmate→classmates　[classmate为可数名词，此处应当用复数形式。]
5．trying→try　[根据and一词可知本句与前面的祈使句并列，所以应当用动词原形。]
6．calmly→calm　[由并列连词and可知本词与quiet都作系动词remain的表语。故词性应与quiet一致。]
7．a→the　[前文已提到火灾，这里特指那场火。]
8．us→you　[根据短文意思可知这是老师告诉同学们的一些注意事项。用的均是第二人称。]
9．去掉when　[宾语从句中使用了两个连接词，根据句意“如果你们注意到有人失踪或受伤……”可知when是多余的。]
10．and→or　[如果某人失踪了，就无法判断他受伤与否。这两个词之间是选择关系，故用or。]
（Ⅱ）
下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I
was
taking
a
train
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to
London’s
Victoria
Station.I
had
noticed
that
the
carriage
was
noise
and
filled
with
people.
Before
long，a
train
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nspector
comes
to
check
our
tickets.A
passenger
realized
he
couldn’t
find
his
ticket
but
became
quite
upset.Then
everyone
in
the
carriage
began
searching
the
ticket，which
was
eventually
found
under
a
seat
several
rows
from
his
owner.The
person
who
found
a
ticket
smiled
with
pleasure
at
his
success.
No
one
in
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
carriage
had
previous
spoken
to
or
even
noticed
the
ticket－owner
before.Yet
they
had
so
quickly
offered
the
strangers
their
help.If
we
could
show
concern
to
others
on
need，the
world
would
be
a
better
place
to
live
in.
【答案】
I
was
taking
a
trai
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
to
London’s
Victoria
Station.I
had
noticed
that
the
carriage
was
and
filled
with
people.
Before
long，a
train
inspector
to
check
our
tickets.A
passenger
realized
he
couldn’t
find
his
ticket
became
quite
upset.Then
everyone
in
the
carriage
began
searching
the
ticket，which
was
eventually
found
under
a
seat
several
rows
from
owner.The
person
who
found
ticket
smiled
with
pleasure
at
his
success.
No
one
in
the
car
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )riage
had
spoken
to
or
even
noticed
the
ticket－owner
before.Yet
they
had
so
quickly
offered
the
their
help.If
we
could
show
concern
to
others
need，the
world
would
be
a
better
place
to
live
in.
【解析】
1．去掉had　[考查时态一致。文章主体时态为一般过去时。]
2．noise→noisy　[考查词性。be动词后应用形容词，noise为名词。]
3．comes→came　[考查时态，before
long后用一般过去时。]
4．but→and　[考查句子关系。一位乘客意识到他的票不见了，他开始不安起来。应为承接关系，而非转折关系。]
5．searching后加for　[考查固定搭配。search
for＝look
for寻找。]
6．his→its/the　[考查代词指代。此处是票的主人用its或主人the
owner。]
7．a→the　[考查冠词。上文提到过用the表特指。]
8．previous→previously　[考查形容词、副词用法。修饰动词的应为副词，previous是形容词。]
9．strangers→stranger　[考查前后一致。从上文看，丢票的是一个人，故应用单数。]
10．on→in　[考查固定结构。in
need需要。]
【专题探究】
句法型错误包括：主谓一致；各种从句的引导词；强调句型；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。
句法型错误
1.主谓一致
对主谓一致的考查主要根据语法、意义、就近、就远等一致原则，判断人称和数是否与主语保持一致。常考点如下：
(1)由or，nor，either
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )...or，neither...nor，not
only...but
also等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则；
(2)当主语是A
with/together
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
with/as
well
as/including/...B时，谓语动词的单复数由A决定，遵循就远原则；
(3)动名词、不定式或名词从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数；
(4)“half/most/part/the
rest/分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词要和of之后的名词的单复数保持一致；
(5)a
quantity
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
of/quantities
of后既可接复数名词，也可接不可数名词，其谓语动词一般取决于quantity的单复数。
1.Today，I
am
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
going
to
talk
with
(about)
what
you
should
do
when
a
fire
alarm
go
off.________
【答案】go→goes　[该句的主语为a
fire
alarm，为单数名词，其谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。]
2.连接词
连接词主要包括名词性从句中的连接词，定
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语从句中的关系词，状语从句中的连接词，以及主从复合句和并列句中的连接词等。特别是对which和that引导定语从句、抽象名词后面常常跟that引导的同位语从句等的考查。
2.People
would
like
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
to
take
part
in
this
contest
should
go
to
the
office
of
the
Students’
Union
and
sign
up.________
【答案】People后加who或that　[定语从句缺少引导词。此句中的引导词who或that在从句中作主语，不能省略。]
3.句子成分赘余
句子成分赘余一般有如下几种类型：(
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )1)受母语思维影响，出现汉语式结构，造成冗言；(2)不明词义内涵，造成词义重叠；(3)介词多余；(4)助动词、系动词多余；(5)多冠词；(6)定语从句中成分重复；(7)程度副词和频率副词，如much，more，often等的多余；(8)小品词to多余等。
3.If
you
notice
that
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
when
someone
is
missing
and
(or)
hurt，tell
your
teacher
immediately.________
【答案】去掉when　[该句的意思是“若发现有人失踪或受伤了，就要立刻告诉老师”。句中的if引导条件状语从句，when多余。]
4.缺词错误
缺词现象常见的有：
(1)缺系动词；
(2)缺介词；
(3)缺冠词、物主代词等限定词；
(4)在定语从句中缺关系代词或关系副词；
(5)缺连接词；
(6)缺否定词；
(7)缺不定式符号to等。
4.He
wanted
teach
me
about
animals，insects
and
trees.________
【答案】wanted后加to　[want作“想要做某事”讲时后接带to的不定式。]
（Ⅲ）
Each
of
us
have
so
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me
bad
habits.Once
you
get
into
a
bad
habit，you’ll
find
it
hard
to
get
rid
of
them.Anyone
who
has
tried
to
give
up
smoking
knows
this
very
well.
Of
course，if
you
develop
a
better
habit，you
will
benefit
a
lot
on
it.Now
my
80－years－old
grandpa
is
in
the
habit
of
taking
walk
after
dinner.That’s
why
he
is
not
in
good
health
most
of
the
time，though
he
caught
a
cold
now
and
then.I
have
developed
a
good
habit
of
keep
a
diary，so
I’m
good
at
writing.Habits，good
or
bad，make
you
which
you
are.The
key
to
success
is
to
form
a
good
habit.
（Ⅲ）
【解析】
1．考查主谓一致。由句子主语Each
of
us可知，此处谓语应用单数形式。
【答案】have→has
2．考查代词。此处代指a
bad
habit，故用it。
【答案】them→it
3.考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处并没有表示比较的含义，故用形容词原级。
【答案】better→good
4．考查介词。benefit
from意为“得益于”，为固定搭配，故用介词from。
【答案】on→from
5．考查形容词。当用连字符连接起来的词作形容词使用时，复数名词应改为单数形式。
【答案】80－years－old→80－year－old
6．考查冠词。take
a
walk意为“散步”，为固定搭配，故用冠词a。
【答案】taking后加a
7．考查逻辑关系。根据though的提示可知，前后表示逻辑上的转折关系，由此可知爷爷身体很好，故把not去掉。
【答案】删除not
8．考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语now
and
then可知，此处表示一种常态，故用一般现在时；主语为he，故谓语动词应用单数形式，即catches。
【答案】caught→catches
9．考查动名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用动名词keeping作介词of的宾语。
【答案】keep→keeping
10．考查名词性从句。who或what引导宾语从句，在从句中作are的表语，符合语境。which表示有所选择，意为“哪一个”，不符合语境。
【答案】which→who/what
（Ⅳ）
Nowadays，the
co
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mputer
technology
develops
very
fast
that
the
Internet
has
become
more
and
more
popular.Some
students
regarded
it
as
a
great
helper.Because
there
has
a
lot
of
information
on
line，so
you
can
surf
the
Internet
for
any
information
you
need
in
a
short
time
without
working
hard
in
the
library.This
is
also
very
convenient
to
talk
with
others
by
using
the
Internet.Moreover，other
students
think
that
there
is
some
information
on
line
which
is
not
good
for
students.In
addition，spend
too
much
time
playing
games
will
not
only
have
a
bad
effect
on
their
studies
but
also
do
harm
for
health.Therefore，we
should
make
properly
use
of
the
Internet.It
is
of
great
important
to
separate
good
plants
from
wild
weeds.
（Ⅳ）
【解析】
1．考查固定句型。so...that...如此……以至于……。
【答案】very→so
2．考查时态。根据第一句话nowadays可知要用一般现在时。
【答案】regarded→regard
3．考查固定句型。there
be...表示有……。
【答案】has→is
4．考查连词。在英语中“有because不可再用so”。
【答案】去掉so
5．考查代词。it
is
convenient
to
do...做某事很方便。it做形式主语。
【答案】This→It
6．考查副词。然而，一些学生认为网上有
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )些不好的信息，与第二行提到Some
students
regarded
it
as
a
great
helper表示对比，故用however。moreover再者，此外，而且，不符合语境。
【答案】Moreover→However
7．考查动名词作主语。玩游戏花费过多的时间不仅仅影响学习还有害健康。
【答案】spend→spending
8．考查固定短语。do
harm
to
对……有害。
【答案】for→to
9．考查形容词。make
use
of
利用，use是名词，故用形容词来修饰。
【答案】properly→proper
10．考查名词。be
of
importance
＝be
important
重要。因前有形容词great所以不可去掉介词of。
【答案】important→importance
（Ⅴ）
We
are
now
living
in
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a
information
age，in
which
TV，cells
and
the
Web
are
wide
used.It
seem
that
many
people
cannot
enjoy
themselves
without
it.However，if
I
were
to
give
up
one
of
them，I
would
rather
turn
off
TV
than
to
switch
off
my
cell
or
cut
off
the
Internet.I
could
do
without
TV
because
few
shows
took
my
fancy
and
there
are
too
many
commercials.Besides，most
programs
on
TV
are
available
elsewhere，either.As
for
cells
and
the
Web，they
are
less
necessary
for
me.I
need
a
cell
to
keep
in
touch
my
friend
and
my
family.
（Ⅴ）
1．考查冠词。age意为“时
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )代”，且被名词修饰，表示一个具体的或特指的概念，故用不定冠词或定冠词修饰。因为information的读音以元音音素开头，因此用不定冠词an。
【答案】a→the/an
2．考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用widely作状语。
【答案】wide→widely
3．考查时态和主谓一致。与主语It呼应，且与上句语境now呼应，故用一般现在时的单数形式，即seems。
【答案】seem→seems
4．考查代词。此处代指上文提到的TV、cells和the
Web，是复数概念，故用them。
【答案】it→them
5．考查固定搭配。would
rather
do...than
do...意为“宁愿做……而不愿做……”，为固定搭配，故用动词原形形式。
【答案】删除to
6．考查动词时态和主谓一致。由语境and
there
are可知，此处应用一般现在时，且由主语shows可知，应用take。
【答案】took→take
7．考查副词。too表示“也”，用于肯定句，而either则用于否定句。根据语境可知，此处应用too。
【答案】either→too
8．考查语境。由下文的“I
need
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a
cell
to
keep
in
touch”可知，网络和手机对作者来讲更为需要，故此处用more。
【答案】less→more
9．考查介词。keep
in
touch
with
sb
意为“与某人保持联系”，为固定搭配，故用介词with。
【答案】touch后加with
10．考查名词的数。friend是可数名词，根据语境可知，应用名词的复数形式，即friends。
【答案】friend→friends
（Ⅵ）
Good
morning，everyone!
I’d
like
to
share
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
quote
with
you，which
go
like
this：“Time
is
said
to
be
money，but
it
is
more—it
is
life.”
It
is
true
that
time
is
great
value.After
all，anything
is
more
precious
than
time.In
our
daily
life，we’ve
often
been
told
that
lose
time
will
never
return.To
be
honest，I
am
used
to
spend
plenty
of
time
playing
computer
games，what
made
me
fall
far
behind
my
classmates.Have
realized
how
much
time
I
wasted，I’ve
made
up
my
minds
to
work
hard
to
catch
up
with
them.Wasting
time
is
just
like
wasting
part
of
our
lives.Such
valuable
is
time
that
if
you
want
your
dreams
to
come
true，you
should
make
the
more
of
it.
（Ⅵ）
1．考查动词形式。定语从句的主语which代替的是a
quote，所以谓语动词用单数。
【答案】go→goes
2．考查介词。of
great
value＝
very
valuable，介词短语作表语。
【答案】great前加of
3．考查代词。由常识知，时间才是最珍贵的，此处是比较级句式表示最高级的意思。
【答案】anything→nothing
4．考查非谓语动词。过去分词作定语，lost
time
失去的时间。
【答案】lose→lost
5．考查助动词。此处表示过去常常，用时态助动词used
to。
【答案】去掉am
6．考查定语从句。先行词为playing
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
computer
games，所以引导非限制性定语从句的引导词用which。what是不能引导定语从句。
【答案】what→which
7．考查非谓语动词。realize这个动作发生在make
up
my
mind之前，故用现在分词的完成式作状语。
【答案】Have→Having
8．考查名词单复数。短语change
one’s
mind中mind随主语的单复数变化而变化，I
是单数，所以用mind。
【答案】minds→mind
9．考查副词。修饰形容词valuable，应用副词，故用so。
【答案】Such→So
10．考查固定短语。make
the
most/best
of充分利用。
【答案】more→most/best
（Ⅶ）
One
day
I
pushed
my
co
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )usin
Li
Dong
in
wheelchair
on
an
especial
narrow
sidewalk.We
struggled
along
with
one
wheel
on
the
sidewalk
or
the
other
on
the
road.Suddenly，a
man
riding
his
motorcycle
past
us
rapidly，missing
Li
Dong
by
several
inch.Immediately，he
turned
round，stopped
his
motorcycle
and
came
over.We
were
worried
she
would
blame
us
for
have
stood
in
his
way.To
our
surprise，he
said
nothing
at
all
and
helped
out
push
the
wheelchair
until
we
reached
a
slightly
wider
sidewalk.Then
he
left
after
we
could
say
thanks
to
him.We
were
leaving
ashamed
of
what
we
thought.
（Ⅶ）
1．考查冠词。wheelchair为可数名词，此处泛指坐在轮椅上，用in
a
wheelchair。
【答案】in后加a
2．考查副词。修饰形容词narrow要用副词形式。
【答案】especial
→especially
3．考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示“一个……和另一个……”，不是or选择关系。
【答案】or→
and
4．考查动词。此处应该用谓语动词，因
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为主语是a
man
riding
his
motorcycle一个骑摩托车的人，从整篇短文来看，又是叙述已经过去的故事，故用过去时passed。past
adj.以前的，过去的prep.从……旁边过去n.过去，昔时，往事。
【答案】past→
passed
5．考查名词。several
后接复数名词。
【答案】inch→
inches
6．考查代词。根据上文a
man
riding
his
motorcycle中可知指代man。
【答案】she
→he
7．考查非谓语动词。介词for后面应该用名词或动名词。
【答案】have→
having
8．考查动词。help
(to)
do
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
sth，帮助做某事，故去掉help后面的out。help
out帮助，帮助……出来，后面接名词、代词作宾语，不接不定式结构。
【答案】去掉help后面的out
9．考查连词。从上下文可知，这里应该是“我们还没来得及说声感谢，他就离开了”。
【答案】after→
before
10．考查动词。给我们留下了羞愧。lea
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve在这里表示“使处于某种状态”，构成leave
sb＋adj.复合结构，主语we与动词leave之间为动宾关系，所以要用被动形式。
【答案】leaving
→
left
2.句法型错误
短文改错
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