(共51张PPT)
Unit 3 Growing Up
八年级
人教2026春
下
单词解析 二
1.standard(名词)标准，水平；(形容词)标准的
[用法讲解]standard为可数名词，其复数形式为standards.
Eg:We mustmeet the international standards.
我们必须达到国际标准。
The company has high quality standards.
这家公司有很高的质量标准。
He speaks standard English.
他讲标准的英语。
[常见搭配]live up to standards达到标准，符合标准
by standards按照标准
the standard of living生活水平
Eg: The new product did not live up to the company's standards.
新产品没有达到公司的标准。
The products are classified by standard.
产品按标准分类。
The standard of living in this city is quite high.
这个城市的生活水平相当高。
[派生词]standardization为名词，译为"标准化";
standardize为动词，译为"使标准化".
Eg: The standardization of products is very important for the company.
产品的标准化对公司非常重要。
We should standardizethe production process.
我们应该使生产过程标准化。
[即学即用]
1.The governmentis settingnewenvironmental s____________.
2.Salt solutions are used in humidity________________(standard).
tandards
standardization
2.award(名词)奖，奖品
[用法讲解]award为可数名词，其复数形式为awards，还可译为"增加，裁决";award还可动词，译为"把...授予...".
Eg::Hewasnominated for thebestactor award.
他获得最佳演员提名。
The judges awarded equal points to both finalists.
裁判判定决赛双方得分相等。
[常见搭配]win an award赢得奖项
give an award to sb.给某人颁发奖项
award ceremony颁奖典礼
award for sth.因某事获得的奖项
award sth. to sb.把某物授予某人
Eg: She won the award for Best Actress.
她获得了最佳女演员奖。
The committee will give an award to the most innovative team.
委员会将给最具有创新性的团队颁发奖项。
Theannual award ceremony will be broadcast live.
年度颁奖典礼将进行现场直播。
He got an award for his research on environmental protection.
他因在环境保护方面的研究获得了奖项。
The judges awarded the first prize to the youngest contestant.
评委将一等奖授予了最年轻的参赛者。
[易混辨析]award与prize区别：
award强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少；
prize多指在各类竞赛，竞争或抽奖中所赢得的奖品。
Eg::He received an awardfor his outstanding contribution to science.
他因对科学的杰出贡献而获得了奖项。
She won a prize in the competition.
她在比赛中赢得了一个奖品
[即学即用]
Many students received__________(奖品) at the composition competition.
awards
3.get across解释清楚，传达
Eg: The teacher used real - life examples to get her ideas across clearly.
教师通过真实案例清晰地传达了自己的观点。
I tried to get my ideas across to the audience, but they didn't seem interested.
我试图把我的想法传达给听众，但他们似乎不感兴趣。
[易混辨析]through,across和over区别
through常常表示在空间内进行的，强调从物体内部穿过；
across常常表示动作在物体表面进行的，强调从一端到另一端；
over强调方向性，不与物体表面接触，还有数量上"超过"的意思。
Eg: This train goes through to York.
这列火车直达约克。
It's too wide. We can't swim across.
这太宽了，我们游不过去。
The car skidded off the road and rolled over and over.
汽车滑出路面不断翻滚。
[即学即用]
( )1.The road goes_______the forest.
A.cross B.across C.through D.over
2.在会议上，你的意思没有真正被大家理解。
Your meaning didn't really________ in the meeting.
C
get across
4.clearly(副词)清楚地
[用法讲解]clearly在句中常修饰动词或整个句子。
Eg: You should speak clearly so that everyone can understand you.
你应该说清楚，这样每个人都能理解你。
Clearly, he is not interested in this proposal.
显然，他对这个提议不感兴趣。
[常见搭配] be clearly visible清晰可见
Eg: The mountains in the distance are clearly visible on a sunny day.
在晴天，远处的山清晰可见。
[派生词] clear为动词，译为"澄清",clear还可为形容词，译为"清晰的，晴朗的".
Eg: Please clear the snow from the path.
请把小路上的雪清理掉。
She cleared up the misunderstanding.
她澄清了误解。
The instructions are very clear.
说明非常清晰。
The weather is clear today.
今天天气晴朗。
[常见搭配]clear out清理，丢掉
clear up天气放晴
in the clear摆脱困境
keep clear of...主动避开危险或麻烦
make clear讲清楚，使明白
Eg: I need to clear out my closet.
我需要清理我的衣柜。
The sky cleared up in the afternoon.
下午填空放晴了。
He is in the clear now.
他现在摆脱困境了。
Drivers should keep clear of the accident area.
司机应避开事故区域。
You need to make clear your intentions before you start the project.
在开始这个项目之前，你需要讲清楚你的意图。
[即学即用]
1.She spoke __________ (clear) so everyone could hear her.
2.我们正在把阁楼里的旧家具清理出去。
We are _______________the old furniture from the attic.
clearly
clearing out
5.pressure(名词)压力
[用法讲解]pressure表示"压力，压强"时为不可数名词；pressure表示"不同方面的压力"时为可数名词，其复数形式为pressures;pressure还可为动词，译为"对...施加压力，迫使".
Eg: The pressure of work is making her stressed.
工作的压力让她感到焦虑。
His parents pressured him to study harder.
他的父母迫使他更努力学习。
The company is pressuring its employees to meet the deadline.
公司正在迫使员工赶工期。
[常见搭配]blood pressure血压
atmospheric pressure大气压
under pressure在压力下
put pressure on sb.对某人施加压力
Eg: High blood pressure can lead to health problems.
高血压可能导致健康问题。
The atmospheric pressure is low today.
今天气压很低。
She's working under pressure to meet the deadline.
她在压力下工作以赶工期。
The manager put pressure on the team to finish the project.
经理对团队施加压力要求完成项目。
[派生词] pressurize为动词，译为"给...施压";
pressurized为形容词，译为"施加压力的".
Eg: The pilot pressurized the cabin before take off.
飞行员在起飞前给机舱加压。
The pressurized environment made it hard to breathe.
加压环境让人难以呼吸。
[即学即用]
老板给员工施加压力，要求他们提高销售额。
The boss__________________his employees to increase sales.
put pressure on
6.purpose(名词)目的，意图
[用法讲解] purpose在表示"目的，用途"等意时为可数名词；purpose在表示"意志，决心"时为不可数名词。
[常见搭配]the purpose of... ...的目的
for ...purposes为了某种目的
on purpose故意(地)；有意(地)
Eg: The purpose of this meeting is to discuss our future plans.
这次会议的目的是讨论我们的未来计划。
This software is designed for educational purposes.
这款软件是为教育目的设计的。
He broke the vase on purpose.
他故意打破了花瓶。
[即学即用]
( )1. I'm sorry to have hurt you, but I didn't do it ________.
A.on purpose B.in common
C.on occasion D.on the purpose
2.她学英语是为了出国旅行。
She learned English for_______________travelling abroad.
A
the purpose of
7.reduce by half 减少一半
Eg: The company plans to reduce its carbon emissions by half by 2030.
该公司计划到2030年将碳排放量减少一半。
[知识拓展]reduce为动词，译为"减少，缩小，降低".
Eg: We should reduce the amount of sugar in our diet.
我们应该减少饮食中糖的摄入量。
The company adopted new technology to reduce the cost of production.
公司采用了新技术来降低生产成本。
[常见搭配]reduce to...(数字)减少到...，降低到...;
reduce by...(百分比)减少了...，降低了...;
reduce...to doing sth. 被迫采取某种行为做某事
Eg: The temperature is expected to reduce to zero degrees Celsius tonight.
预计今晚气温将降至零摄氏度。
The price of this product has been reduced by 20%.
这个产品的价格已经降低了20%.
The drought reduced farmers to begging.
旱灾迫使农民乞讨。
[即学即用]
1.I need to r___________ sugar intake to lose weight. 我需要减少糖分摄入以减肥。
2.金融危机后，预算被削减了一半。
The budget was__________________after the financial crisis.
educe
reduced by half
8.apologize(动词)道歉
[用法讲解]apologize作动词，还可译为"认错，谢罪"，其过去式及过去分词为 apologized.
Eg: I must apologize for my rudeness yesterday.
我必须为我昨天的无礼行为道歉。
[常见搭配]apologize to sb. for sth.某事向某人道歉
apologize in advance提前道歉
Eg:Youshould apologize to your classmate for breaking his pen.
你应该为弄坏你同学的笔向他道歉。
I apologize inadvance for any inconvenience caused.
对可能造成的不便，我提前表示歉意。
[派生词]apology为名词，译为"道歉，谢罪";
apologetic为形容词，译为"道歉的，认错的".
Eg: He offered a sincere apology to his friend.
他向朋友真诚地道歉。
He looked apologetic when he realized his mistake.
当他意识到自己的错误时，他看起来很歉意。
[常见搭配]make an apology道歉，赔罪
Eg: He made an apology to his parents for his bad behavior.
他为自己的不良行为向父母道歉。
[即学即用]
1.我因为迟到需要向老师道歉。
I need to_______________ my teacher_______ being late.
2.She made an______________(apologize) to her friend for her rudeness.
apologize to for
apology
9.put oneself in sb's shoes设身处地，处于某人的境地
Eg: To understand his decision, you need to really put yourself in his shoes.
要理解他的决定，你需要真正设身处地地为他考虑。
[即学即用]
在你批评她之前，应该试着设身处地为她想想。
You should try to ______________________ before you criticize her.
put yourself in her shoes
10.shut(动词)关闭，合上，住嘴
[用法讲解]shut作动词，其过去式为shut，过去分词为shut，还可译为"停业，歇业，停止运转";shut还可为名词，译为"停业".
Eg: She shut the book and put it on the table.
她合上书，把它放在了桌子上。
The museum shuts on Mondays.
博物馆周一闭馆。
Don't forget to shut the computer down before you leave.
离开前别忘了把电脑关掉。
The factory had a short - term shut for maintenance.
这家工厂为了维护进行了短期停业。
[常见搭配]shut sb./ sth. away把...关(藏)起来
shut up住口，闭嘴
shut down关闭，停业
shut out把...关在外面，挡住
Eg: You always make a mess with your toys. I'm going to shut them away in the box.
你总是把玩具弄得乱七八糟。我要把它们收到盒子里藏起来。
The factory will shut down for the holiday.
工厂将在假期停业。
The thick walls shut out most of the noise.
厚厚的墙壁挡住了大部分噪音。
[易混辨析] shut与close区别：
shut通常用于比较具体的，物理上的关闭动作，如关门窗，关电器等；
close使用范围更广，不仅可以表示物理上的关闭，还可以用于抽象概念，如关闭交易，结束谈话等。
Eg:Shut the window.
关上窗户。
The meeting closed at 5 pm.
会议下午5点结束。
[即学即用]
1.She s_________her eyes tightly.
2.她把珠宝藏在一个保险箱里。
She _______her jewelry_______in a safe box.
hut
shut away
11.lastly(副词)最后
[用法讲解]lastly在句中常用来修饰动词，句子等，常位于句首。
Eg: Lastly, I'd like to thank allthe volunteers for their hard work.
最后，我想感谢所有志愿者的辛勤付出。
[常见搭配]lastly but not least最后但同样重要的是
Eg: Lastly but not least, we should pay attention to environmental protection.
最后但同样重要的是，我们应该关注环境保护。
[派生词]last为动词，因为"持续";last还可为形容词，译为"最后的".
Eg: The meeting lasted for two hours.
会议持续了两个小时。
This is the last chance for you to enter the competition.
这是你参加比赛的最后机会。
[即学即用]
________(last), I want to thank all of you for coming here today.
Lastly
12.plenty(代词)充足，丰富，大量
[用法讲解]plenty of后面可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。
Eg: She has plenty of imagination.
她的想象力非常丰富。
[知识拓展] plenty还可作名词，译为"充足，大量"，此时常与of连用；plenty亦可为副词，用于修饰形容词或其他副词，译为"非常，完全".
Eg: -- Do we need more chairs ' -- No, we have plenty.
--需要更多椅子吗 --不用，已经够多了。
There is plenty of time to finish the task.
时间足够完成任务。
The room is plenty big for the meeting.
这个房间开会完全够大。
[常见搭配]in plenty大量地，充足地
Eg: We have food and drink in plenty.
我们有充足的食物和饮料。
[即学即用]
店里苹果存货充足。
The store has_________apples in stock.
plenty of
13.feel blue 感到忧郁的
Eg: When it's rainy for days, many people tend to feel blue.
连续下雨好几天时，很多人往往会情绪低落。
[即学即用]
听到这个坏消息后，她一整天都情绪低落。
After hearing the bad news, she__________all day.
felt blue
14.on top of the world 欢天喜地
Eg: When he got the job offer from his dream company, he felt on top of the world.
当他收到梦寐以求的公司的录用通知时，他欣喜若狂。
[即学即用]
赢得冠军后，队员们欢天喜地，庆祝了一整晚。
After winning the championship, the team members were_________________and celebrated all night.
on top of the world
15.all smiles 笑容满面
Eg: When she saw her long - lost friend, she was all smiles.
当她看到失散已久的朋友时，笑容满面。
[常见搭配]smile可为动词，译为"微笑";smile为名词，译为"微笑".
Eg:Her smiles was like thesunshine in winter.
她的笑容就像冬日里的阳光。
He always smiles when he tells a joke.
他讲笑话时总是面带笑容。
[常见搭配]smile at...对...微笑
Eg: She smiled at him, and he smiled back.
她向他微笑，他也向她微笑。
[易混辨析]smile与laugh区别
smile常表示无声的微笑，侧重友好，善意的心情；
laugh常表示有声的笑，侧重高兴，喜悦或不尊重的笑，也有嘲笑之意。
Eg: Don't laugh, it's a serious suggestion.
别笑，这是一条严肃的建议。
[即学即用]
孩子们收到最喜欢的玩具作为礼物后，都笑容满面。
The children were _____________after getting their favourite toys as gifts.
all smiles
16.low(形容词)沮丧的，低的
[用法讲解]low作形容词还可译为"低的";low还可为名词，译为"地点，低谷";low还可为动词，译为"降低，减弱".
Eg: I'm feeling really low today.
我今天心情很低落。
The table is too low forme to sitcomfortably.
这张桌子太低了，我坐着不舒服。
The stock market has reached a new low.
股市已跌至新低。
You should low the volume of the TV.
你应该把电视音量调低。
[常见搭配]in a low voice低声地
in low spirits情绪低落
Eg: She spoke to him in a low voice.
她低声对他说。
She has been in low spirits since she failed the exam.
自从考试失败后，她一直情绪低落。
[即学即用]
她失业后情绪很低落。
She was____________after firedfrom her job.
in low spirits
17.ring(动词)发出铃声
[用法讲解] ring作动词，还可译为"打电话，环绕"，其过去方式为rang，过去分词为rung;
ring还可为名词，译为"戒指，环形物，铃声".
Eg: The church bells ring every Sunday morning.
每个星期天早上教堂的钟声都会响起。
Can you ring me up at 7 o'clock tomorrow morning
你明天早上7点能给我打个电话吗
The mountains ring the small village.
群山环绕着这个小村庄。
She wore a beautiful diamond ring on her finger.
她手指上戴着一枚漂亮的钻石戒指。
[常见搭配]ring off挂断电话
ring true听起来真实可信
give sb.a ring 给某人打电话
growth ring年轮
Eg: He rang off before I could say anything else.
我还没来得及说别的，他九挂断了电话。
His story doesn't ring true.
他的故事听起来不太可信。
I'll give you a ring when I arrive.
我到了就给你打电话。
The growth rings of this tree show that it has lived for hundreds of years.
这棵树的年轮显示它已经生长了几百年了。
[即学即用]
The telephone_________ (ring) while I was cooking dinner.
rang
18.enter(动词)进入
[用法讲解]enter为动词，还可译为"参加，开始从事，登记";enter还可为名词，译为"回车键".
Eg: He entered the room quietly.
他悄悄地进入了房间。
She entered the competition and won first prize.
她参加了比赛并获得了一等奖。
He has entered upon a new stage of his life.
他已进入了人生的新阶段。
Please enter your name and address in the form.
请在表格中输入你的姓名和地址。
Press the enter key to confirm.
按回车键确认。
[常见搭配]enter into开始，参与，讨论
enter on/ upon开始(从事)，着手
Eg: They entered into a long - term contract.
他们签订了一份长期合同。
He entered on a new career.
他开始了一份新的职业。
[派生词]entrance为名词，译为"入口，入学许可".
Eg: The entrance to the cave was narrow.
这个洞穴的入口很狭窄。
[即学即用]
I'm about to e_______ the store. I want to buy some clothes.
nter
Thanks!
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
中小学教育资源网站
有大量高质量资料？一线教师？一线教研员？
欢迎加入21世纪教育网教师合作团队！！月薪过万不是梦！！
详情请看：
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php/ 让教学更有效 英语学科
Unit 3 Growing Up 单词解析二
1.standard(名词)标准，水平；(形容词)标准的
[用法讲解] standard为可数名词，其复数形式为standards.
Eg: We must meet the international standards.
我们必须达到国际标准。
The company has high quality standards.
这家公司有很高的质量标准。
He speaks standard English.
他讲标准的英语。
[常见搭配] live up to standards 达到标准，符合标准
by standards 按照标准
the standard of living 生活水平
Eg: The new product did not live up to the company's standards.
新产品没有达到公司的标准。
The products are classified by standard.
产品按标准分类。
The standard of living in this city is quite high.
这个城市的生活水平相当高。
[派生词] standardization为名词，译为"标准化";
standardize为动词，译为"使标准化".
Eg: The standardization of products is very important for the company.
产品的标准化对公司非常重要。
We should standardize the production process.
我们应该使生产过程标准化。
[即学即用]
1.The government is setting new environmental s____________.
2.Salt solutions are used in humidity________________(standard).
答案：1.standards 2.standardization
2.award(名词)奖，奖品
[用法讲解] award为可数名词，其复数形式为awards，还可译为"增加，裁决";award还可为动词，译为"把...授予...".
Eg: :He was nominated for the best actor award.
他获得最佳演员提名。
The judges awarded equal points to both finalists.
裁判判定决赛双方得分相等。
[常见搭配] win an award 赢得奖项
give an award to sb. 给某人颁发奖项
award ceremony 颁奖典礼
award for sth. 因某事获得的奖项
award sth. to sb. 把某物授予某人
Eg: She won the award for Best Actress.
她获得了最佳女演员奖。
The committee will give an award to the most innovative team.
委员会将给最具有创新性的团队颁发奖项。
The annual award ceremony will be broadcast live.
年度颁奖典礼将进行现场直播。
He got an award for his research on environmental protection.
他因在环境保护方面的研究获得了奖项。
The judges awarded the first prize to the youngest contestant.
评委将一等奖授予了最年轻的参赛者。
[易混辨析] award与prize区别：
award强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少；
prize多指在各类竞赛，竞争或抽奖中所赢得的奖品。
Eg: :He received an award for his outstanding contribution to science.
他因对科学的杰出贡献而获得了奖项。
She won a prize in the competition.
她在比赛中赢得了一个奖品
[即学即用]
Many students received__________(奖品) at the composition competition.
答案： awards
3.get across解释清楚，传达
Eg: The teacher used real - life examples to get her ideas across clearly.
教师通过真实案例清晰地传达了自己的观点。
I tried to get my ideas across to the audience, but they didn't seem interested.
我试图把我的想法传达给听众，但他们似乎不感兴趣。
[易混辨析]through,across和over区别
through常常表示在空间内进行的，强调从物体内部穿过；
across常常表示动作在物体表面进行的，强调从一端到另一端；
over强调方向性，不与物体表面接触，还有数量上"超过"的意思。
Eg: This train goes through to York.
这列火车直达约克。
It's too wide. We can't swim across.
这太宽了，我们游不过去。
The car skidded off the road and rolled over and over.
汽车滑出路面不断翻滚。
[即学即用]
( )1.The road goes_______the forest.
A.cross B.across C.through D.over
2.在会议上，你的意思没有真正被大家理解。
Your meaning didn't really________ in the meeting.
答案：1.C 2.get across
4.clearly(副词)清楚地
[用法讲解] clearly在句中常修饰动词或整个句子。
Eg: You should speak clearly so that everyone can understand you.
你应该说清楚，这样每个人都能理解你。
Clearly, he is not interested in this proposal.
显然，他对这个提议不感兴趣。
[常见搭配] be clearly visible 清晰可见
Eg: The mountains in the distance are clearly visible on a sunny day.
在晴天，远处的山清晰可见。
[派生词] clear为动词，译为"澄清",clear还可为形容词，译为"清晰的，晴朗的".
Eg: Please clear the snow from the path.
请把小路上的雪清理掉。
She cleared up the misunderstanding.
她澄清了误解。
The instructions are very clear.
说明非常清晰。
The weather is clear today.
今天天气晴朗。
[常见搭配] clear out 清理，丢掉
clear up 天气放晴
in the clear 摆脱困境
keep clear of... 主动避开危险或麻烦
make clear 讲清楚，使明白
Eg: I need to clear out my closet.
我需要清理我的衣柜。
The sky cleared up in the afternoon.
下午填空放晴了。
He is in the clear now.
他现在摆脱困境了。
Drivers should keep clear of the accident area.
司机应避开事故区域。
You need to make clear your intentions before you start the project.
在开始这个项目之前，你需要讲清楚你的意图。
[即学即用]
1.She spoke __________ (clear) so everyone could hear her.
2.我们正在把阁楼里的旧家具清理出去。
We are _______________the old furniture from the attic.
答案：1.clearly 2.clearing out
5.pressure(名词)压力
[用法讲解] pressure表示"压力，压强"时为不可数名词；pressure表示"不同方面的压力"时为可数名词，其复数形式为pressures;pressure还可为动词，译为"对...施加压力，迫使".
Eg: The pressure of work is making her stressed.
工作的压力让她感到焦虑。
His parents pressured him to study harder.
他的父母迫使他更努力学习。
The company is pressuring its employees to meet the deadline.
公司正在迫使员工赶工期。
[常见搭配] blood pressure 血压
atmospheric pressure 大气压
under pressure 在压力下
put pressure on sb. 对某人施加压力
Eg: High blood pressure can lead to health problems.
高血压可能导致健康问题。
The atmospheric pressure is low today.
今天气压很低。
She's working under pressure to meet the deadline.
她在压力下工作以赶工期。
The manager put pressure on the team to finish the project.
经理对团队施加压力要求完成项目。
[派生词] pressurize为动词，译为"给...施压";
pressurized为形容词，译为"施加压力的".
Eg: The pilot pressurized the cabin before take off.
飞行员在起飞前给机舱加压。
The pressurized environment made it hard to breathe.
加压环境让人难以呼吸。
[即学即用]
老板给员工施加压力，要求他们提高销售额。
The boss __________________his employees to increase sales.
答案：put pressure on
6.purpose(名词)目的，意图
[用法讲解] purpose在表示"目的，用途"等意时为可数名词；purpose在表示"意志，决心"时为不可数名词。
[常见搭配] the purpose of... ...的目的
for ...purposes 为了某种目的
on purpose 故意(地)；有意(地)
Eg: The purpose of this meeting is to discuss our future plans.
这次会议的目的是讨论我们的未来计划。
This software is designed for educational purposes.
这款软件是为教育目的设计的。
He broke the vase on purpose.
他故意打破了花瓶。
[即学即用]
( )1. I'm sorry to have hurt you, but I didn't do it ________.
A.on purpose B.in common
C.on occasion D.on the purpose
2.她学英语是为了出国旅行。
She learned English for_______________travelling abroad.
答案：1.A 2. the purpose of
7.reduce by half 减少一半
Eg: The company plans to reduce its carbon emissions by half by 2030.
该公司计划到2030年将碳排放量减少一半。
[知识拓展]reduce为动词，译为"减少，缩小，降低".
Eg: We should reduce the amount of sugar in our diet.
我们应该减少饮食中糖的摄入量。
The company adopted new technology to reduce the cost of production.
公司采用了新技术来降低生产成本。
[常见搭配] reduce to...(数字) 减少到...，降低到...;
reduce by...(百分比)减少了...，降低了...;
reduce...to doing sth. 被迫采取某种行为做某事
Eg: The temperature is expected to reduce to zero degrees Celsius tonight.
预计今晚气温将降至零摄氏度。
The price of this product has been reduced by 20%.
这个产品的价格已经降低了20%.
The drought reduced farmers to begging.
旱灾迫使农民乞讨。
[即学即用]
1.I need to r___________ sugar intake to lose weight. 我需要减少糖分摄入以减肥。
2.金融危机后，预算被削减了一半。
The budget was__________________after the financial crisis.
答案：1.reduce 2.reduced by half
8.apologize(动词)道歉
[用法讲解] apologize作动词，还可译为"认 错，谢罪"，其过去式及过去分词为 apologized.
Eg: I must apologize for my rudeness yesterday.
我必须为我昨天的无礼行为道歉。
[常见搭配] apologize to sb. for sth. 某事向某人道歉
apologize in advance 提前道歉
Eg: You should apologize to your classmate for breaking his pen.
你应该为弄坏你同学的笔向他道歉。
I apologize in advance for any inconvenience caused.
对可能造成的不便，我提前表示歉意。
[派生词] apology为名词，译为"道歉，谢罪";
apologetic为形容词，译为"道歉的，认错的".
Eg: He offered a sincere apology to his friend.
他向朋友真诚地道歉。
He looked apologetic when he realized his mistake.
当他意识到自己的错误时，他看起来很歉意。
[常见搭配] make an apology 道歉，赔罪
Eg: He made an apology to his parents for his bad behavior.
他为自己的不良行为向父母道歉。
[即学即用]
1.我因为迟到需要向老师道歉。
I need to_______________ my teacher_____ being late.
2.She made an______________(apologize) to her friend for her rudeness.
答案：1.apologize to;for 2.apology
9.put oneself in sb's shoes 设身处地，处于某人的境地
Eg: To understand his decision, you need to really put yourself in his shoes.
要理解他的决定，你需要真正设身处地地为他考虑。
[即学即用]
在你批评她之前，应该试着设身处地为她想想。
You should try to ______________________ before you criticize her.
答案：put yourself in her shoes
10.shut(动词)关闭，合上，住嘴
[用法讲解]shut作动词，其过去式为shut，过去分词为shut，还可译为"停业，歇业，停止运转";shut还可为名词，译为"停业".
Eg: She shut the book and put it on the table.
她合上书，把它放在了桌子上。
The museum shuts on Mondays.
博物馆周一闭馆。
Don't forget to shut the computer down before you leave.
离开前别忘了把电脑关掉。
The factory had a short - term shut for maintenance.
这家工厂为了维护进行了短期停业。
[常见搭配] shut sb./ sth. away 把...关(藏)起来
shut up住口，闭嘴
shut down 关闭，停业
shut out 把...关在外面，挡住
Eg: You always make a mess with your toys. I'm going to shut them away in the box.
你总是把玩具弄得乱七八糟。我要把它们收到盒子里藏起来。
Shut up! I don't want to hear your excuses.
闭嘴!我不想听你的借口。
The factory will shut down for the holiday.
工厂将在假期停业。
The thick walls shut out most of the noise.
厚厚的墙壁挡住了大部分噪音。
[易混辨析] shut与close区别：
shut通常用于比较具体的，物理上的关闭动作，如关门窗，关电器等；
close使用范围更广，不仅可以表示物理上的关闭，还可以用于抽象概念，如关闭交易，结束谈话等。
Eg:Shut the window.
关上窗户。
The meeting closed at 5 pm.
会议下午5点结束。
[即学即用]
1.She s_________her eyes tightly.
2.她把珠宝藏在一个保险箱里。
She _______her jewelry_______in a safe box.
答案：1.shut 2.shut; away
11.lastly(副词)最后
[用法讲解]lastly在句中常用来修饰动词，句子等，常位于句首。
Eg: Lastly, I'd like to thank all the volunteers for their hard work.
最后，我想感谢所有志愿者的辛勤付出。
[常见搭配] lastly but not least 最后但同样重要的是
Eg: Lastly but not least, we should pay attention to environmental protection.
最后但同样重要的是，我们应该关注环境保护。
[派生词]last为动词，因为"持续";last还可为形容词，译为"最后的".
Eg: The meeting lasted for two hours.
会议持续了两个小时。
This is the last chance for you to enter the competition.
这是你参加比赛的最后机会。
[即学即用]
________(last), I want to thank all of you for coming here today.
答案：Lastly
12.plenty(代词)充足，丰富，大量
[用法讲解] plenty of后面可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。
Eg: She has plenty of imagination.
她的想象力非常丰富。
[知识拓展] plenty还可作名词，译为"充足，大量"，此时常与of连用；plenty亦可为副词，用于修饰形容词或其他副词，译为"非常，完全".
Eg: -- Do we need more chairs ' -- No, we have plenty.
--需要更多椅子吗 --不用，已经够多了。
There is plenty of time to finish the task.
时间足够完成任务。
The room is plenty big for the meeting.
这个房间开会完全够大。
[常见搭配] in plenty 大量地，充足地
Eg: We have food and drink in plenty.
我们有充足的食物和饮料。
[即学即用]
店里苹果存货充足。
The store has _________apples in stock.
答案：plenty of
13.feel blue 感到忧郁的
Eg: When it's rainy for days, many people tend to feel blue.
连续下雨好几天时，很多人往往会情绪低落。
[即学即用]
听到这个坏消息后，她一整天都情绪低落。
After hearing the bad news, she__________all day.
答案：felt blue
14.on top of the world 欢天喜地
Eg: When he got the job offer from his dream company, he felt on top of the world.
当他收到梦寐以求的公司的录用通知时，他欣喜若狂。
[即学即用]
赢得冠军后，队员们欢天喜地，庆祝了一整晚。
After winning the championship, the team members were_________________and celebrated all night.
答案：on top of the world
15.all smiles 笑容满面
Eg: When she saw her long - lost friend, she was all smiles.
当她看到失散已久的朋友时，笑容满面。
[常见搭配] smile可为动词，译为"微笑";smile为名词，译为"微笑".
Eg:Her smiles was like the sunshine in winter.
她的笑容就像冬日里的阳光。
He always smiles when he tells a joke.
他讲笑话时总是面带笑容。
[常见搭配] smile at... 对...微笑
Eg: She smiled at him, and he smiled back.
她向他微笑，他也向她微笑。
[易混辨析] smile与laugh区别
smile常表示无声的微笑，侧重友好，善意的心情；
laugh常表示有声的笑，侧重高兴，喜悦或不尊重的笑，也有嘲笑之意。
Eg: Don't laugh, it's a serious suggestion.
别笑，这是一条严肃的建议。
[即学即用]
孩子们收到最喜欢的玩具作为礼物后，都笑容满面。
The children were _____________after getting their favourite toys as gifts.
答案：all smiles
16.low(形容词)沮丧的，低的
[用法讲解]low作形容词还可译为"低的";low还可为名词，译为"地点，低谷";low还可为动词，译为"降低，减弱".
Eg: I'm feeling really low today.
我今天心情很低落。
The table is too low for me to sit comfortably.
这张桌子太低了，我坐着不舒服。
The stock market has reached a new low.
股市已跌至新低。
You should low the volume of the TV.
你应该把电视音量调低。
[常见搭配]in a low voice 低声地
in low spirits 情绪低落
Eg: She spoke to him in a low voice.
她低声对他说。
She has been in low spirits since she failed the exam.
自从考试失败后，她一直情绪低落。
[即学即用]
她失业后情绪很低落。
She was____________after fired from her job.
答案：in low spirits
17.ring(动词)发出铃声
[用法讲解] ring作动词，还可译为"打电话，环绕"，其过去方式为rang，过去分词为rung;
ring还可为名词，译为"戒指，环形物，铃声".
Eg: The church bells ring every Sunday morning.
每个星期天早上教堂的钟声都会响起。
Can you ring me up at 7 o'clock tomorrow morning
你明天早上7点能给我打个电话吗
The mountains ring the small village.
群山环绕着这个小村庄。
She wore a beautiful diamond ring on her finger.
她手指上戴着一枚漂亮的钻石戒指。
[常见搭配] ring off 挂断电话
ring true 听起来真实可信
give sb.a ring 给某人打电话
growth ring 年轮
Eg: He rang off before I could say anything else.
我还没来得及说别的，他九挂断了电话。
His story doesn't ring true.
他的故事听起来不太可信。
I'll give you a ring when I arrive.
我到了就给你打电话。
The growth rings of this tree show that it has lived for hundreds of years.
这棵树的年轮显示它已经生长了几百年了。
[即学即用]
The telephone_________ (ring) while I was cooking dinner.
答案：rang
18.enter(动词)进入
[用法讲解] enter为动词，还可译为"参加，开始从事，登记";enter还可为名词，译为"回车键".
Eg: He entered the room quietly.
他悄悄地进入了房间。
She entered the competition and won first prize.
她参加了比赛并获得了一等奖。
He has entered upon a new stage of his life.
他已进入了人生的新阶段。
Please enter your name and address in the form.
请在表格中输入你的姓名和地址。
Press the enter key to confirm.
按回车键确认。
[常见搭配] enter into 开始，参与，讨论
enter on/ upon 开始(从事)，着手
Eg: They entered into a long - term contract.
他们签订了一份长期合同。
He entered on a new career.
他开始了一份新的职业。
[派生词] entrance为名词，译为"入口，入学许可".
Eg: The entrance to the cave was narrow.
这个洞穴的入口很狭窄。
[即学即用]
I'm about to e_______ the store. I want to buy some clothes.
答案：enter
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
