(共53张PPT)
定语从句
目录
1.定语与定语从句
2.定语从句结构
3.关系代词与副词
4.非限制性定语从句
5.总结及练习
1.定语与定语从句
什么是定语？
a hungry boy
一个饥饿的男孩
定语
delicious cookies
美味的饼干
定语
定语：就是“...的”，用来限定后面所接的词，说明名词的性质等。
一起找定语
He is a cute boy.
The ice cream tastes delicious.
定语
定语
什么是定语从句？
This is a boy who is playing football.
定语从句
定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子。
2.定语从句结构
定语从句：
占定语位置的从句
穿着红色衣服的男孩正在做饭。
The boy who is in red is cooking.
先行词
关系词
主句
定语从句
先行词
关系词
什么是先行词？
The boy who is in red is cooking.
先行词
关系词
先行词
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。先行词一般出现在定语从句之前。
3.关系代词与副词
关系代词
关系副词
who
whom
whose
which
that
when
where
why
代词三人组
who
whom
whose
who
Who is Xiaoxin
Xiaoxin is the boy who is drinking water.
主语
系动词
表语
定语从句
从句
主语
从句
谓语
从句
宾语
who：在定语从句可作主语或宾语，先行词为人。
Who is Xiaoxin
Xiaoxin is the boy whom Children threw.
主语
系动词
表语
定语从句
从句
宾语
从句
主语
从句
谓语
whom：在定语从句可作宾语，先行词为人。
whom
Who is Xiaoxin
Xiaoxin is the boy whose dog is white.
主语
系动词
表语
定语从句
从句
定语
从句
主语
从句
宾语
whose：在定语从句作定语，先行词可以是人或物。
whose
系动词
who
who：在定语从句可作主语或宾语，先行词为人。
The boy who is drinking is Xiaoxin.
He is the boy who we like.
人
主语
人
宾语
whom：在定语从句可作宾语，先行词为人。
Xiaoxin is a student whom I like very much.
The boy with whom I was talking is Xiaoxin.
人
人
宾语
whom
宾语
whose：在定语从句可作定语，先行词为人或物。
The boy whose dog is white is Xiaoxin.
The dog whose color is white is cute.
人
物
定语
whose
定语
代词三人组
who
我可以修饰人，我在从句中作
主语、宾语
whom
我也可以修饰人，我在从句只能作宾语，
我可以省略~
whose
我既可以修饰人，也可以修饰物，我在从句只能作定语
百搭代词二人组
which
that
The boy that was ill is Xiaoxin.
Do you know the boy that Xiaoxin is talking with
The dog that is white is Xiaoxin’s pet.
Xiaoxin is walking a dog that he bought 3 years ago.
that
The dog which is called Xiaobai is Xiaoxin’s dog.
The dog which he is walking is Xiaoxin’s pet.
which
物
主语
物
宾语
百搭代词二人组
that
我可以修饰人和物，
我在从句中作
主语、宾语、表语
which
我只可以修饰物，
我在从句中作
主语、宾语、表语、定语
只用that情况
1.先行词为all，much，something，everything，nothing，little，none，the one等代词时。
eg：That is all that Xiaoxin wants to say.
那就是小新想要说的。
只用that情况
2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which。
eg：Xiaoxin was the first person that passed the exam.
小新是第一个通过考试的人。
只用that情况
3.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。
eg：Who is the boy that is running
正在奔跑的那个男孩是谁？
只用that情况
4.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。
eg：This is the same car that I lost.
这就是我丢的那辆车。
只用that情况
5.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。
eg：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
只用that情况
1.先行词为all，much，something，everything，nothing，little，none，the one等代词时。
2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which。
3.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。
4.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。
5.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。
只用which情况
1.先行词为that， those时，用which，而不用that。
eg：What’s that which is under the desk
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
只用which情况
2.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。
eg：This is the room in which it lives.
这是它居住的房间。
只用which情况
3.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。
eg：Xiaoxin came back, which made us happy.
小新回来了，这使我们很高兴。
只用which情况
1.先行词为that， those时，用which，而不用that。
2.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。
3.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。
Exercise
1. The last place we visited was The Summer Palace.
A. which B. that C. what D.who
2. ls Mary the only person helps him
A. which B. what C. that D.whose
3.They talked for about an hour of things and persons they remembered in the trip.
A. who B. that C. whose D.which
4.Staying up late, is a bad habit,is however, popular.
A. which B. who C. that D.what
5.He is the great man , much can be learned.
A. which B. that C. in which D.who
先行词 成分 关系词
人 主语 who, that
宾语 who, whom, that
物 主语 which, that
宾语 which, that
人/物 定语 whose
1.Is he the man wants to see you
2.The house is in the back of our classroom is the teachers office.
3.He is the professor I met yesterday.
4.The famous film star has played many roles, will act as a blind woman in her next film.
5.These are all the things I can get for you
Exercise
who/that
that/which
that/who/whom
that/who
that
副词三人组
when
where
why
when
He remembers the day when he graduated.
时间状语
He remembers the day on which he graduated.
when=介词+which(in/during/on+which)
where
This is the place where she sleeps.
地点状语
This is the place in which she sleeps.
where=介词+which(in/at/on+which)
why
This is the reason why he is late today.
原因状语
This is the reason for which he is late today.
why=介词for+which
副词三人组
when
我在从句中作
时间状语
where
我在从句中作
地点状语
why
我在从句中作
原因状语
先行词 成分 关系词
时间 状语 when
地点 状语 where
原因 状语 why
易错提醒
①当先行词是表示时间名词如day,year等时，在从句中作状语，关系词用 when
作宾语时，关系词用which；
②当先行词是表示地点名词如place等时，在从句中作状语，关系词用 where
作宾语时，关系词用which；
③当先行词是表示原因名词如reason等时，在从句中作状语，关系词用 why
作宾语时，关系词用which；
易错提醒
①当先行词是表示时间名词如day,year等时，在从句中作状语，关系词用 when
作宾语时，关系词用which；
②当先行词是表示地点名词如place等时，在从句中作状语，关系词用 where
作宾语时，关系词用which；
③当先行词是表示原因名词如reason等时，在从句中作状语，关系词用 why
作宾语时，关系词用which；
Exercise
1. I know a place ___________ we can have a big meal.
A. which B. that C. what D.where
2.I like the city ___________ the people are really kind and friendly.
A. which B. what C. where D.whose
3.Do you know the reason____________he was late
A. who B. that C. why D.which
4.I will never forget the day_______I had my first bike.
A. which B. who C. that D.when
5.This is one of the most interesting cities ______ I have ever visited.
A. which B. that C. in which D.where
4.非限制性定语从句
限制性与非限制性定语从句
This is a dog，
which is Xiaoxin’s.
非限制性定语从句
重要信息，不可删除。
限制性定语从句：
定语从句对名词起限定作用，它缩小了名词的表示范围。
This is a dog，
which is Xiaoxin’s.
非限制性定语从句
可有可无，可删除。
非限制性定语从句：
起补充解释作用，不作为句子的组成部分，缺乏不会影响对整个句子的理解，往往与主句与逗号分开。
限制性与非限制性定语从句
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：
关系代词 which，who，whom，whose，as,
关系副词 when，where ,for which等
※that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
Exercise
1. The place interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D.in which
2.This is the hotel last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
3.Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded
A.which B. that C. when D.on which
4.That is the day I'll never forget
A. which B. on which C. in which D.when
5.He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. in which D.where
5.总结及练习
1.定义：
定语：就是“限定”的意思，用来修饰名词或代词或短语，说明名词的性质、特征状态等。
定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子。
2.结构：主句+先行词+关系词+从句
3.关系词：
that/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why
4.限制性与非限制性定语从句：
限制性定语从句：
定语从句对名词起限定作用，它缩小了名词的表示范围。
非限制性定语从句：
起补充解释作用，不作为句子的组成部分，缺乏不会影响对整个句子的理解，往往与主句与逗号分开。
