人教版（2024）八年级下册 Unit 8 Making a Difference 寒假复习讲义（含解析）

人教版八年级下册 Unit 8 Making a Difference 寒假复习讲义
Unit 8 核心词汇表
序号 单词 / 短语 音标 词性 中文释义 拓展延伸
1 difference [ d fr ns] n. 差异；差别；影响 派生词：different adj. 不同的；核心搭配：make a difference 产生影响、有所作为；make no difference 没有影响；the difference between A and B A与B的差异
2 influence [ nflu ns]（n.）/ [ nflu ns]（v.） n./v. 影响；作用；影响 搭配：have an influence on sb./sth. 对某人/某物有影响；under the influence of 在……的影响下；派生词：influential adj. 有影响力的
3 change [t e nd ] v./n. 改变；变化；零钱 搭配：change sth. into sth. 把某物变成某物；change one's mind 改变主意；take a change 冒险；a change of ……的变化；派生词：changeable adj. 易变的
4 help [help] v./n. 帮助；援助；帮忙 搭配：help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事；help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事；ask for help 求助；offer help 提供帮助；派生词：helpful adj. 有帮助的；helpless adj. 无助的
5 volunteer [ v l n t (r)]（v.）/ [ v l n t (r)]（n.） v./n. 自愿做；志愿者 搭配：volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事；volunteer for sth. 自愿参与某事；a volunteer worker 志愿者工作者；派生词：voluntary adj. 自愿的
6 donate [d ne t] / [do ne t] v. 捐赠；捐献 核心搭配：donate sth. to sb./sp. 把某物捐赠给某人/某地；派生词：donation n. 捐赠物、捐赠（例：make a donation 进行捐赠）
7 support [s p t] / [s p rt] v./n. 支持；支撑；支持 搭配：support sb. in sth. 在某事上支持某人；support oneself 自力更生；get support from 获得……的支持；a support system 支撑系统
8 improve [ m pru v] v. 改进；改善；提高 搭配：improve oneself 提升自己；improve sth. 改善某物；improve in 在……方面进步；派生词：improvement n. 改进、改善
9 effort [ ef t] n. 努力；付出 搭配：make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事；spare no effort 不遗余力；with effort 费力地；a great deal of effort 大量努力
10 achieve [ t i v] v. 实现；达到；获得 搭配：achieve a goal 实现目标；achieve success 获得成功；achieve one's dream 实现梦想；派生词：achievement n. 成就、成绩
11 hope [h p] / [ho p] v./n. 希望；期望 搭配：hope to do sth. 希望做某事；hope that... 希望……；in the hope of 怀着……的希望；lose hope 失去希望；派生词：hopeful adj. 充满希望的；hopeless adj. 无望的
12 encourage [ n k r d ] v. 鼓励；激励 核心搭配：encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事；encourage sb. in sth. 在某事上鼓励某人；派生词：encouragement n. 鼓励；encouraging adj. 鼓舞人心的
13 brave [bre v] adj. 勇敢的；无畏的 搭配：be brave to do sth. 勇敢做某事；a brave boy 勇敢的男孩；派生词：bravely adv. 勇敢地；bravery n. 勇敢
14 kind [ka nd] adj./n. 善良的；友好的；种类 搭配：be kind to sb. 对某人友好；a kind of 一种；different kinds of 不同种类的；派生词：kindness n. 善良、仁慈
15 spread [spred]（v.）/ [spred]（n.） v./n. 传播；扩散；蔓延；范围 不规则变化：过去式/过去分词 spread；搭配：spread sth. to... 把某物传播到……；spread the word 传播消息；the spread of ……的传播
16 make a difference [me k d fr ns] 短语 产生影响；有所作为；起作用 例句：Everyone can make a difference to the world. 每个人都能为世界产生影响。同义表达：have an influence
17 take action [te k k n] 短语 采取行动 搭配：take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事；例句：We must take action to protect the environment.
18 play a role in [ple r l n] / [ple ro l n] 短语 在……中发挥作用；在……中扮演角色 例句：She plays an important role in the volunteer team. 她在志愿者团队中发挥重要作用。
19 help out [help a t] 短语 帮忙；协助 例句：My neighbor often helps out with my garden work when I'm busy.
20 donate to [d ne t tu] / [do ne t tu] 短语 捐赠给…… 例句：Many people donate money to the poor children in mountain areas.
21 make an effort [me k n ef t] 短语 努力；付出努力 例句：He made a great effort to pass the exam. 他为通过考试付出了巨大努力。
22 achieve one's dream [ t i v w nz dri m] 短语 实现某人的梦想 例句：With hard work, you will achieve your dream one day.
23 encourage sb. to do sth. [ n k r d sb. tu du sth.] 短语 鼓励某人做某事 例句：My teacher often encourages me to read more books.
24 be kind to [bi ka nd tu] 短语 对……友好 例句：We should be kind to animals and protect them.
25 in the hope of [ n h p v] / [ n ho p v] 短语 怀着……的希望 例句：She went to the city in the hope of finding a good job.
26 have an influence on [h v n nflu ns n] / [h v n nflu ns v] 短语 对……有影响 例句：Parents have a great influence on their children's growth.
27 change one's mind [t e nd w nz ma nd] 短语 改变主意 例句：He changed his mind and decided to join the volunteer project.
28 help sb. with sth. [help sb. w sth.] 短语 帮助某人做某事 例句：I often help my mom with housework on weekends.
29 volunteer to do sth. [ v l n t tu du sth.] / [ v l n t r tu du sth.] 短语 自愿做某事 例句：Many students volunteer to clean the park on weekends.
30 spare no effort [spe n ef t] / [sper no ef t] 短语 不遗余力；竭尽全力 例句：We should spare no effort to help those in need.
练习部分
Part 1 词形转换
difference n. → adj. ________（不同的）；adv. ________（不同地）
influence n./v. → adj. ________（有影响力的）
help v./n. → adj. ________（有帮助的）；adj. ________（无助的）
volunteer v./n. → adj. ________（自愿的）
donate v. → n. ________（捐赠物；捐赠）
improve v. → n. ________（改进；改善）
achieve v. → n. ________（成就；成绩）
hope v./n. → adj. ________（充满希望的）；adj. ________（无望的）
encourage v. → n. ________（鼓励）；adj. ________（鼓舞人心的）
brave adj. → adv. ________（勇敢地）；n. ________（勇敢）
kind adj./n. → n. ________（善良；仁慈）
spread v./n. → 过去式/过去分词 ________
Part 2 用词汇的正确形式填空
Everyone has the ability to ________ (make) a difference to the world.
My teacher often ________ (encourage) me to take part in volunteer activities.
We should ________ (take) action to protect the environment before it's too late.
She ________ (volunteer) to help the old people in the nursing home every weekend.
Many warm-hearted people ________ (donate) money and clothes to the poor areas every year.
Hard work and great ________ (effort) can help us achieve our dreams.
Parents have a great ________ (influence) on their children's character.
The ________ (kind) of the volunteers made the homeless children feel warm.
With the ________ (improve) of living conditions, people's life is getting better and better.
He is a ________ (brave) boy who saved a little girl from the river last month.
She made a ________ (donate) of 500 yuan to the charity organization yesterday.
We hope ________ (achieve) the goal of helping 100 poor students this year.
It's ________ (hope) that more and more people will join the volunteer team.
The story of the hero is very ________ (encourage). It inspires many young people.
He changed his mind ________ (final) and agreed to support our project.
She ________ (help) out with the community work when she has free time.
Playing sports ________ (play) an important role in keeping us healthy.
We should be ________ (kind) to animals and never hurt them.
He ________ (spread) the news of the charity event to his friends yesterday.
She has made great ________ (achieve) in the field of science.
Part 3 语法填空
Dear Tom, I hope this letter finds you well. I want to share my recent experience as a volunteer with you. Last month, I joined a volunteer team that helps children in mountain areas. At first, I was a little nervous because I didn't know how ________ (communicate) with them. But when I met the children, I found they were very lovely and friendly. Every weekend, we go to the mountain school to help the children with their studies. I often help them ________ (learn) English. Some of them are not good at English, but they are very hard-working. With our help, their English skills ________ (improve) a lot recently. We also tell them stories about the outside world and encourage them ________ (dream) big. Last week, we organized a donation activity. Many people donated books, stationery and clothes to the children. The children were very happy when they received the gifts. One little girl told me that she hoped ________ (become) a teacher when she grows up, so that she can help more people. Her words made me realize that small acts of kindness can ________ (make) a big difference. Being a volunteer has taught me a lot. I have learned the importance of ________ (help) others and the happiness of giving. I also understand that we should spare no effort ________ (help) those in need. My parents are very proud of me and support my volunteer work. Have you ever been a volunteer What do you think of making a difference to others Please write to me soon and share your ideas. Yours, Li Hua
【答案】
Part 1 词形转换
different；differently
influential
helpful；helpless
voluntary
donation
improvement
achievement
hopeful；hopeless
encouragement；encouraging
bravely；bravery
kindness
spread
Part 2 用词汇的正确形式填空
make（the ability to do sth. 为固定结构，“做某事的能力”，to后接动词原形；make a difference 为固定短语）
encourages（根据时间状语often可知用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，encourage的第三人称单数形式为encourages）
take（情态动词should后接动词原形；take action 为固定短语“采取行动”）
volunteers（根据时间状语every weekend可知用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，volunteer的第三人称单数形式为volunteers）
donate（根据时间状语every year可知用一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语动词用原形）
efforts（effort为可数名词，great后可接复数形式，表示“大量努力”；make efforts 也为固定搭配）
influence（不定冠词a后接名词单数；have an influence on 为固定短语）
kindness（定冠词the后接名词；kind的名词形式为kindness，此处表示“志愿者们的善良”）
improvement（定冠词the后接名词；improve的名词形式为improvement，此处表示“生活条件的改善”）
brave（形容词作定语修饰名词boy，此处表示“勇敢的男孩”）
donation（不定冠词a后接名词；donate的名词形式为donation，make a donation 为固定短语“进行捐赠”）
to achieve（hope to do sth. 为固定搭配“希望做某事”）
hopeful（形容词作表语，此处表示“充满希望的是”，用hopeful）
encouraging（形容词作表语，修饰事物the story，用encouraging表示“鼓舞人心的”）
finally（副词修饰动词短语changed his mind，final的副词形式为finally）
helps（根据时间状语when she has free time可知用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，help的第三人称单数形式为helps）
plays（动名词短语Playing sports作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；play a role in 为固定短语）
kind（形容词作表语，be kind to 为固定短语“对……友好”）
spread（根据时间状语yesterday可知用一般过去时，spread的过去式为spread）
achievements（achievement为可数名词，great后接复数形式，表示“巨大的成就”）
Part 3 语法填空
to communicate（how to do sth. 为固定结构“如何做某事”，作know的宾语）
learn/to learn（help sb. (to) do sth. 为固定搭配“帮助某人做某事”，to可省略）
have improved（根据时间状语recently可知用现在完成时，结构为have/has+过去分词，主语为复数，用have，improve的过去分词为improved）
to dream（encourage sb. to do sth. 为固定搭配“鼓励某人做某事”）
to become（hope to do sth. 为固定搭配“希望做某事”）
make（情态动词can后接动词原形；make a big difference 为固定短语“产生很大影响”）
helping（介词of后接动名词形式，help的动名词为helping）
to help（spare no effort to do sth. 为固定搭配“不遗余力做某事”）