B3U4人教版必修3 Unit 4语篇分析+阅读单（教师版）
必修3 Unit 4 Reading and Thinking语篇分析
分析维度 内容项
What：语篇的主题、内容、结构、逻辑关系 一、文章基本信息 文章标题：SPACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER 作者： 文章类型：说明文 主题/中心思想：文章主要介绍了人类探索太空的历程，包括从早期的梦想，到20世纪中期以来的重大太空探索成就，如苏联和美国的太空任务，以及中国在太空探索方面取得的进展，同时也提到了太空探索中遇到的事故，最后展望了未来太空探索的前景，强调了太空探索的重要性和意义。
二、文本结构与内容分析 整体结构： 文章围绕太空探索这一主题，按照时间顺序，从早期人们对太空的向往和探索的起步，到探索过程中的事故挫折，再到各国太空探索的发展现状及未来规划，呈现出清晰的发展脉络，整体为总分总的结构。开篇以问题引出太空探索的话题，主体部分按时间线叙述各国太空探索历程，结尾总结展望太空探索的未来。 段落分布： 文章的结构非常清晰简洁，第一段以问题引入太空探索话题，强调人们的好奇和科学家的努力。第二段讲述20世纪中叶前太空旅行的认知转变，及之后各国早期太空探索成果。第三段提及太空探索事故，以国际空间站为例说明探索未停止。第四段阐述中国太空计划起步晚但发展迅速，列举系列成果。第五段总结太空探索现状，展望未来探索计划及意义。 逻辑关系： 因果关系：因为人们对太空充满好奇和探索欲望，所以科学家努力进行太空探索；又因早期太空探索取得的成果，激励着人们继续前进；尽管太空探索存在风险，发生了事故，但人们坚信其重要性，所以探索工作持续推进。例如，苏联和美国早期的太空探索成果推动了后续更多的探索行动，而事故并没有阻止国际空间站等项目的开展。 对比关系：将20世纪中叶前人们认为太空旅行是不可能的梦想，与之后太空探索取得的诸多成果进行对比，突出了人类在太空探索方面的巨大进步；还对比了中国太空计划起步晚和取得的快速发展，体现了中国在太空探索领域的成就。 时间顺序关系：文章以时间为线索，从20世纪中叶前，到1957年苏联发射卫星、1961年苏联宇航员进入太空、1969年美国宇航员登月、1977年美国发射旅行者 1 号，再到2003年中国将人送入太空等，清晰展示了太空探索的发展历程。 衔接与连贯： 文章的衔接主要依靠的是时间顺序和因果关系的衔接过渡，如“Before the mid-20th century”“On 4 October 1957”“In 2003”等）将不同事件串联起来，使文章逻辑清晰。使用因果连词（如“because”“so”“therefore”）和过渡句（如“However”“Although”）来连接不同段落，增强文章的连贯性。 段落功能： 每个段落的功能明确： 第一段：引出主题，激发读者对太空探索的兴趣，为后文的阐述奠定基础。通过提问引发读者思考，强调太空探索的重要性和科学家的努力方向。 第二段：呈现太空探索的早期发展历程，展示人类在太空探索方面取得的初步成果，为后文的进一步发展做铺垫。列举各国早期的太空探索成就，体现了人类探索太空的逐步推进。 第三段：指出太空探索中的挫折与挑战，同时强调人们探索宇宙的决心和持续的行动。通过讲述事故，使文章内容更加全面客观，而国际空间站的例子则表明人类探索太空的脚步并未停止。 第四段：重点介绍中国太空探索的发展，突出中国在太空领域的快速进步和重要成果。展示了中国在太空探索方面的成就，丰富了文章对全球太空探索的阐述。 第五段：总结全文，展望太空探索的未来，强调探索的意义和价值。让读者对太空探索的未来有清晰的认识，引发读者对未来太空探索的期待和思考。
Why：语篇的深层涵义、情感态度、作者意图 三、写作意图与文化背景分析 文化背景： 文章围绕太空探索展开，这一主题反映了人类自古以来对未知世界的好奇与探索精神，这种精神是全人类共有的文化特质。在现代社会，太空探索更是与科技发展、国际竞争紧密相连，各国在太空领域的竞争与合作，体现了全球在科技发展进程中的互动与交流，体现了全球化背景下的科学合作精神。 背景知识的运用： 文章运用了太空探索的发展历程、重要事件和成果等背景知识。通过介绍各国在不同时期的太空探索成就，如苏联率先发射卫星、美国宇航员登月等，让读者了解到太空探索的逐步发展过程。这些背景知识帮助读者理解太空探索在人类发展中的重要地位，以及不同国家在其中的贡献。 写作意图： 作者旨在通过介绍太空探索的历史、现状和未来规划，让读者了解人类在太空探索方面的努力和成就，激发读者对太空探索的兴趣与关注。同时，强调太空探索虽面临困难，但意义重大，鼓励人们支持和关注这一领域的发展。
四、情感态度与价值取向分析 情感态度： 作者对太空探索持积极肯定的态度。在描述太空探索的成就时，如各国的重大太空任务成功完成，展现出一种赞叹与自豪；对于探索过程中的事故，虽表达了惋惜，但更多强调的是人类探索精神的不屈不挠。整体情感态度充满希望，对太空探索的未来充满期待。 价值取向： 文章传递出勇于探索、不怕困难、追求科学进步的价值取向。通过讲述人类克服困难，不断推进太空探索的历程，强调了面对未知和挑战时，人类应保持积极进取的态度，坚持不懈地追求梦想，探索宇宙奥秘，以推动人类社会的发展。
五、论点与文章有效性分析 论点清晰度与证据支持： 文章没有明确提出单一论点，而是通过阐述太空探索的发展过程、面临的挑战和未来规划，传达出 “太空探索意义重大且持续发展” 的核心观点。证据主要是各国太空探索的具体事件和成果，如苏联、美国和中国等国的太空任务，这些丰富的事例为核心观点提供了有力支持。 文章有效性与局限性： 文章在呈现太空探索发展脉络和重要信息方面较为有效，通过按时间顺序梳理各国成就，使读者能系统了解太空探索历程。然而，文章存在一定局限性，对太空探索背后的技术细节、面临的伦理问题等探讨较少，对于希望深入了解太空探索多方面内容的读者来说，信息不够全面。 文章与现实的联系： 文章与现实联系紧密。太空探索如今已深刻影响人们的生活，如卫星通信、气象预报等都依赖太空技术。文章介绍的各国太空探索计划，也与当下国际科技竞争和合作的现实相呼应，让读者认识到太空探索在现实中的重要地位和作用。
六、逻辑关系与推理分析 显性逻辑关系： 文章主要采用时间顺序的逻辑，从早期人们对太空旅行的认知，到各国早期太空探索成果，再到如今的发展和未来规划，时间线索清晰。同时存在因果逻辑，如因为人们对太空的好奇和探索欲望，所以不断开展太空探索活动；因为早期探索成果的积累，所以能不断推进后续探索；尽管面临事故挫折，但由于探索的重要性，所以太空探索持续进行。 隐性推理与假设： 从文章中可隐性推理出，随着科技发展，未来太空探索将取得更多成果，人类对宇宙的认知会不断加深。假设如果没有早期科学家的坚持和努力，就不会有如今的太空探索成就；若未来能解决现有困难，太空探索将为人类带来更多利益，如资源开发、寻找新家园等。
How：语篇的文体特征、语言特点、修辞手法、结构分析 七、语言与文体特征分析 语言特点： 文章语言平实简洁，通俗易懂。使用大量与太空探索相关的专业术语，如 “重力”“宇宙飞船”“太空行走”“轨道运行”等，准确传达信息；在描述事件时运用了确切的时间和事件表述，如“1957年10月4日，苏联发射了人造卫星“旅伴一号”，体现了语言的准确性。同时，语言具有一定的客观性，以陈述事实为主，较少带有主观情感渲染。 句式与句型分析： 文章以简单句和复合句为主。简单句用于直接陈述事实，简洁明了地介绍事件；复合句则用于表达更复杂的逻辑关系，使句子层次丰富，逻辑清晰。 文体特征： 属于说明文文体，具有很强的信息性和逻辑性。文章围绕太空探索这一主题，按照时间顺序依次介绍了太空探索的发展历程、重要事件、面临的问题以及未来展望，目的在于向读者客观地阐述相关知识和信息，使读者对太空探索有全面的了解。 修辞手法： 文章运用了对比的修辞手法，如将20世纪中叶前人们认为太空旅行是不可能的梦想，与之后太空探索取得的一系列成果进行对比，突出了人类在太空探索领域的巨大进步，增强了表达效果，让读者更深刻地感受到太空探索的发展变化。
八、写作手法分析 写作技巧与表达方式： 文章采用时间顺序的写作技巧，以时间为线索依次叙述太空探索的各个阶段，使文章层次分明，脉络清晰，读者能够清晰地了解太空探索的发展历程。同时运用了举例说明的表达方式，通过列举苏联、美国、中国等国家的具体太空探索事件，如苏联发射人造卫星、美国宇航员登月、中国的神舟系列飞船任务等，详细具体地阐述了太空探索的成果，增强了文章的说服力和可信度。
九、个人理解与批判性思维 个人理解与反思： 从个人角度看，文章让我深刻认识到太空探索是人类不断挑战自我、突破极限的伟大事业。它不仅体现了人类对未知的强烈好奇心和探索欲望，还展示了科技发展对人类进步的巨大推动作用。通过阅读，我感受到太空探索背后是无数科学家的不懈努力和付出，以及各国在科技领域的竞争与合作。同时，也意识到太空探索面临诸多困难和风险，但正是这些挑战促使人类不断创新和进步。 批判性思维与反思： 文章在一定程度上较为全面地介绍了太空探索的发展，但存在一些可探讨之处。在内容方面，对太空探索过程中的国际合作细节以及背后的经济、政治因素涉及较少，而这些因素对太空探索的发展有着重要影响；在视角上，主要侧重于各国太空探索的成果展示，对太空探索可能带来的负面影响，如太空垃圾问题、太空资源开发引发的潜在冲突等探讨不足。此外，文章对于不同国家太空探索计划之间的差异和特色对比不够深入，若能进一步分析，可让读者更全面地了解全球太空探索格局。
课文语言表达梳理 一、情感描述相关表达 People have always wanted to learn more about space. 用法：直陈人们对太空长久以来的求知渴望，体现人类对太空探索的内在驱动力。 替换表达：People have always been curious to explore more about space. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. 用法：通过对比灾难带来的负面情绪和人们探索宇宙的坚定愿望，突出探索精神的强大。 替换表达：Everyone felt sad and let down because of these disasters, but the aspiration to explore the universe endured.
二、行为描写相关表达 They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe. 用法：描述科学家为实现太空探索采取的具体行动，包括制造工具和运送人员。 替换表达：They develop vehicles to send bold people into space for uncovering the mysteries of the cosmos. American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, famously saying, ‘That’s one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.’” 用法：记录特定历史事件中人物的关键行为和话语，突出事件的重要性和标志性。 替换表达：Neil Armstrong, an American astronaut, walked on the moon and made the famous statement, ‘That’s one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.’
三、结果与反思相关表达 This signalled one step further in China’s plan to establish a space station in the future. 用法：表明某个事件对中国未来太空站建设计划的推进意义。 替换表达：This indicated progress in China’s scheme to build a space station in the future. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future. 用法：在阐述困难的基础上，表达科学家对未来太空探索成果的期待和探索的意义。 替换表达：Even with the challenges, scientists expect that future discoveries will not only allow us to comprehend the origin of the universe but also aid in our long - term survival.
文章结构梳理 Article Analysis:
1. Main Idea The article focuses on the human exploration of space. It covers the historical development of space exploration, from people's initial curiosity to the significant achievements made by various countries. It also presents the setbacks encountered, such as space accidents, and emphasizes the continuous efforts and the importance of space exploration. Additionally, it looks ahead to future exploration plans and the potential benefits they may bring, highlighting humanity's persistent pursuit of cosmic knowledge and the potential for the future.
2. Paragraph Summaries and Functions Paragraph 1 Summary: People are curious about space, asking questions like "Are we alone What’s out there ". Scientists strive to explore space by creating vehicles to send people into space and hoping to find planets suitable for life. Function: This paragraph serves as an introduction, sparking readers' interest in the topic of space exploration and laying the foundation for the subsequent discussion about the development of space exploration. Paragraph 2 Summary: Before the mid - 20th century, space travel was considered an impossible dream. However, scientists achieved numerous breakthroughs later. The USSR launched the Sputnik 1 satellite, sent the first person into space, and the US accomplished the moon landing. Also, the US launched Voyager 1 for deep - space study. Function: It shows the early development of space exploration, demonstrating the transition from the perception of space travel as impossible to the realization of significant space - related feats, which paves the way for further elaboration on the progress and challenges of space exploration. Paragraph 3 Summary: There were disasters in space exploration, like the tragedies of the USSR's Soyuz 11 and America’s Challenger. Despite these setbacks, the passion for space exploration remained strong. The International Space Station is an example of the ongoing exploration efforts. Function: By presenting the setbacks and the unwavering determination, this paragraph makes the narrative of space exploration more comprehensive. It also serves as a transition to the subsequent introduction of the continuous development of space exploration in different countries. Paragraph 4 Summary: China's space program started late but has made remarkable progress. It has achieved manned spaceflight, spacewalks, lunar exploration, and made steps towards building a space station. Function: This paragraph enriches the article by introducing China's contributions to space exploration, highlighting the global nature of space exploration and showing the diverse development in this field. Paragraph 5 Summary: Europe, the US, and China have plans to further explore planets like Mars and Jupiter. Scientists hope future discoveries will help us understand the origin of the universe and ensure the survival of humanity. Function: It summarizes the article and looks ahead to the future of space exploration, emphasizing the significance of future exploration and inspiring readers to think about the potential of space exploration.
3. Key Details from Each Paragraph Paragraph 1 People's curiosity is expressed through questions about space. Scientists aim to explore space and discover habitable planets by making vehicles for space travel. Paragraph 2 The perception of space travel as an impossible dream before the mid - 20th century. In 1957, the USSR launched the Sputnik 1 satellite. In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in space. In 1969, Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon. In 1977, the US launched Voyager 1. Paragraph 3 The disasters of the USSR's Soyuz 11 and America’s Challenger. The International Space Station continues to operate with astronauts from different countries. Paragraph 4 In 2003, China sent Yang Liwei into space with the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed manned orbits and the first Chinese spacewalk. The Jade Rabbit was sent to the moon. China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab and Tianzhou1 for docking. Chang’e 4 explored the far side of the moon. Paragraph 5 Future exploration plans of Europe, the US, and China for Mars and Jupiter. Scientists' hopes for future discoveries in understanding the universe's origin and human survival.
Reading Comprehension Worksheet（教师版）
Book 3 Unit 4 Reading and Thinking: SPACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER
Understanding and Main Idea Extraction（What文章理解与主旨提取）
Summarize the article in 1–2 sentences or choose the best summary.
The article explores humanity's curiosity about space, the progress made in space exploration, and the future goals of exploring planets like Mars and Jupiter.
目的： 该问题考察学生从文章中提取主旨和关键信息的能力。总结要求理解文章的核心信息。
阅读技能目标：
能识别文章中的关键信息。
能将信息进行整合并形成简洁的总结。
(Table Fill-in Exercise) Create a timeline of the major events in space exploration mentioned in the article. Include the date, event, and a short description of its significance.
Date Event Significance
1957 Sputnik 1 launched by the USSR First artificial satellite, marked the start of the space race.
1961 Yuri Gagarin's first human spaceflight First human in space, a major milestone in space exploration.
1969 Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon A huge step for humanity, demonstrating the ability to reach other celestial bodies.
1977 Voyager 1 launched by NASA Studying deep space and still transmitting data, providing valuable information.
2003 China's first independent human spaceflight (Yang Liwei in Shenzhou 5) China joined the group of countries capable of independent human spaceflight.
目的: 检验学生对文章中具体事件和时间的理解与记忆。
阅读技能培养目标:
能获取关键细节信息。
能将时间顺序和事件进行关联。
A. Read the following statements and decide if they are true or false:
All space exploration missions have been successful.
China's space program started early and has always been leading.
Scientists hope future space discoveries can help us understand the origin of the universe and our survival.
Answer: False; False; True.
B. What was the significance of Neil Armstrong's statement, "That’s one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind"
Answer: It symbolized humanity's achievement in reaching the moon.
Choose one of the space exploration achievements (e.g., the launch of Sputnik 1, the first moon landing, China's spacewalk). Explain how this achievement has influenced the development of space exploration.
Answer (taking the first moon landing as an example): The first moon landing was a huge milestone. It inspired a generation of scientists and engineers. It led to the development of new technologies for space travel, such as better spacesuits and lunar landing modules. It also increased public interest in space, which in turn led to more funding for space exploration programs around the world.
目的: 鼓励学生深入分析具体事件对太空探索发展的影响。
阅读技能培养目标:
能分析因果关系
深入理解事件意义。
II. Emotional and Deeper Meaning Analysis（Why情感与深层意义分析）
The article states that people continue to explore space despite the risks. What can you infer about human nature from this Explain your reasoning.
Answer:
It shows that humans are curious, brave, and persistent. We are driven by the thirst for knowledge, willing to take risks to explore the unknown. Even after facing disasters, we don't give up, which shows our determination and resilience.
目的: 考查学生从文章内容进行推理和分析的能力。
阅读技能培养目标: 能理解文章的隐含意义。
Scientists hope future discoveries will help us survive well into the future. What kind of survival - related problems on Earth do you think space exploration might solve Provide examples and explain your thoughts.
Answer:
Space exploration might help solve problems like over - population. If we find other planets suitable for living, we could potentially colonize them. It could also help in finding new resources. For example, some asteroids might contain valuable minerals that are scarce on Earth. Additionally, studying space can improve our understanding of natural disasters like solar flares, which can affect Earth's technology and climate, and help us better prepare for them.
目的: 鼓励学生结合文章内容和生活实际进行思考和创新。
阅读技能培养目标: 培养学生的想象力、知识迁移能力和对文章内容的拓展思考能力。
Do you think space exploration is more important for scientific research or for national pride Explain your opinion and provide at least two reasons to support it.
Answer: I think space exploration is more important for scientific research. Firstly, it helps us understand the universe, such as how it began and how celestial bodies work. This knowledge can lead to new scientific theories and technological developments. Secondly, the data and discoveries from space exploration can be shared globally, benefiting all of humanity, while national pride is more of a secondary effect.
目的: 促使学生思考太空探索的价值并进行论证。
阅读技能培养目标: 提升学生的批判性思维、观点论证能力和对文章主题的深度理解。
A. The article mentions some accidents in space exploration. Describe the impact of these accidents on the space exploration community. How do you think these events have changed the way space missions are planned and carried out
Answer: The accidents of Soyuz 11 and Challenger were tragic. They made the space exploration community more aware of the risks. In terms of mission planning, there are now more rigorous safety checks. Procedures for training astronauts have become more comprehensive to ensure they can handle various situations. Backup systems and contingency plans are also more elaborate to prevent similar disasters.
B. Do you think space exploration is worth the risks Please explain your reasons.
Answer: Space exploration is considered worth the risks because it helps us understand the universe and may ensure our future survival.
目的: 引导学生思考事件的影响和后果，培养对复杂信息的分析能力。
阅读技能培养目标:
学生能分析事件影响。
增强对文章深层含义的理解。
C. How does China's space program compare to those of the US and Russia, according to the article What can we learn from their progress
Answer:
China's space program started later than those of the US and Russia but has made rapid progress in a short time. This teaches us that with determination and investment, countries can achieve significant milestones in space exploration, even if they start later than others.
目的: 引导学生比较不同国家对太空探索的贡献，并从跨文化视角进行分析。
阅读技能培养目标: 能从不同角度进行跨文化分析太空探索的成就。
III. Structural Analysis and Creative Output（How结构分析与创造性输出）
A. Analyze the overall structure of the article. Is it organized chronologically, thematically, or in some other way Explain how the structure helps the reader understand the development of space exploration.
Answer: The article is organized chronologically. It starts from the early days of space exploration and moves forward in time. This structure helps the reader follow the progress of space exploration step - by - step. It makes it easy to see how one event led to another and how the field has evolved over the years.
B. Explain why you think the author chose this particular way to present the information about space exploration.
Answer: The author likely chose a chronological order to show the development of space exploration over time. This helps readers understand how the field has evolved, from early failures to great achievements. It also makes it easy to see the progress and setbacks in a clear sequence.
目的: 引导学生思考文章的组织方式及其作用，提高阅读的逻辑性。
阅读技能培养目标:
能识别文章结构。
理解结构对内容呈现作用。
Analyze the use of the phrase “the final frontier” in the title. What does it imply about space exploration
Answer: “The final frontier” implies that space is an area that is still largely unknown and waiting to be explored. It makes the reader feel that space exploration is a heroic and important pursuit, full of mystery and potential.
目的: 考查学生对文章标题中关键词语的理解和分析能力。
阅读技能培养目标:
提升对文章标题含义和作用的解读能力
增强对文章整体氛围和主题的感知。
A. Analyze the function of the third paragraph in the article
Answer: The function of the third paragraph is to show the setbacks in space exploration.
B.Choose one paragraph from the article. Identify the topic sentence and explain how the other sentences in the paragraph support or expand on the topic sentence.
Answer (taking the paragraph about China's space program as an example): The topic sentence could be “China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time.” The following sentences support this by listing China's specific achievements like the first independent human spaceflight, spacewalks, and lunar exploration, which all demonstrate the progress.
目的: 帮助学生理解段落内部的逻辑关系，增强对文章细节的把握。
阅读技能培养目标: 能分析段落结构、理解句子间逻辑关联。
C.Find an example of a technical term in the article (e.g., “gravity”). Explain what it means and how it contributes to the accuracy of the article's information.
Answer: “Gravity” is the force that attracts objects towards the centre of a planet or other body. In the article, when talking about rockets escaping Earth's gravity, it gives a scientific explanation of a key concept in space exploration. It makes the description of space travel more accurate and helps the reader understand the challenges and requirements of space missions.
目的: 引导学生关注文章中的专业术语及其作用，提高对科普类文章语言的理解。
阅读技能培养目标: 能理解和分析专业术语在文本中的作用。
IV. Critical Thinking and Application（批判性思维与实践运用）
Analyze the author's attitude towards space exploration. Cite specific sentences from the article to support your analysis. Do you share the same attitude Why or why not
Answer: The author has a positive attitude. Sentences like “The future of space exploration remains bright” show optimism. I share this attitude because space exploration has brought us a lot of knowledge and technological advancements. It also gives us hope for the future, such as finding solutions to Earth's problems.
目的: 引导学生分析作者态度并形成自己的观点。
阅读技能培养目标:
分析作者意图和态度。
批判性思考和表达个人观点。
A. Analyze the reason why people continue to explore space despite the risks, as mentioned in the article. What does this tell us about human nature
Answer:
People continue to explore space because they believe it is important for scientific progress and human survival. This shows that humans are naturally curious and resilient, always seeking to push boundaries and overcome challenges, even in the face of danger.
B. Analyze the challenges astronauts might face during space exploration, and how can they overcome them.
Answer:
Astronauts face challenges like isolation, technical failures, and health risks. They can overcome these by staying mentally strong, working as a team, and relying on advanced technology.
目的: 引导学生推断持续太空探索背后更深层次的原因，批判性地思考太空探索的挑战.
阅读技能培养目标: 批判性思考和表达个人观点。
Imagine you are an astronaut preparing for a mission to Mars. Write a diary entry describing your feelings and expectations for the journey. Use at least three vocabulary words from the article (e.g., exploration, universe, discovery).
Diary Entry:
Tomorrow is the big day—my mission to Mars! I feel a mix of excitement and nervousness. The idea of exploring the unknown universe fills me with wonder. I hope this journey will lead to new discoveries that can help humanity survive in the future. I can't wait to see what lies beyond our planet!
目的： 该任务要求学生将文章中的见解与个人经验相结合，增强个人反思与创造性写作能力。
阅读技能目标：
将文本中的知识与个人经验相结合。
进行自我反思，并发展创造性写作能力。
V. 词块积累及应用
1. 绘制思维导图
中心词：Space Exploration
分支 1：Feelings (e.g., curiosity, disappointment, aspiration)
分支 2：Actions (e.g., vehicle, uncover, step)
分支 3：Reflections (e.g., signal, comprehend, enable)
A.情感描述相关表达
People have always wanted to learn more about space.
用法：表达求知渴望。
替换表达：People have always been curious to explore more about space.
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died.
用法：对比情感变化。
替换表达：Everyone felt sad and let down because of these disasters, but the aspiration to explore the universe endured.
B.行为描写相关表达
They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.
用法：描述具体行动。
替换表达：They develop vehicles to send bold people into space for uncovering the mysteries of the cosmos.
American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, famously saying, ‘That’s one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.’”
用法：描述特定活动或事件
替换表达：Neil Armstrong, an American astronaut, walked on the moon and made the famous statement, ‘That’s one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.’
C.结果与反思相关表达
This signalled one step further in China’s plan to establish a space station in the future.
用法：描述对事件的综合印象
替换表达：This indicated progress in China’s scheme to build a space station in the future.
Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future.
用法：描述对事件的综合印象
替换表达：Even with the challenges, scientists expect that future discoveries will not only allow us to comprehend the origin of the universe but also aid in our long - term survival.
目的：通过整理文章中的情感、行为和反思表达，帮助学生形成语义网络，内化语言。
2. 迁移应用：
A. 请用以下词汇和表达介绍你对航天员生活的了解：
词汇：puzzle, mystery, curiosity
句型：Everyone felt...; People have always wanted...
示例句：
Everyone felt a strong sense of curiosity about the astronauts' life in space.
目标：帮助学生运用情感相关词汇和表达描述自己的见解。
B. 模拟对话:设定两个宇航员在太空中执行任务时的对话场景，要求对话中至少包含6个梳理出的词汇。
示例句：
A: I'm so excited about this mission. Our curiosity for space exploration has finally brought us here.
B: Yeah, but we need to be careful. There might be many unexpected difficulties. Remember those past disasters They made us sad, but we can't let disappointment stop us.
目标：鼓励学生运用行为描写的表达，模拟情景对话。
C.运用文章中梳理出的至少8个词汇，创作一篇关于太空探索的小故事。故事需要包含太空探索的原因、遇到的困难、采取的行动以及最终的结果等情节, 至少使用以下表达：
词汇：explore, curiosity, aspiration
示例句：
Once upon a time, there was a group of scientists filled with curiosity about space.
Sample：Once upon a time, there was a group of scientists filled with curiosity about space. They had a strong aspiration to uncover the secrets of the cosmos. They developed advanced vehicles to send brave astronauts into space. However, during one mission, they faced a big disappointment when their spacecraft encountered some technical problems. But the astronauts didn't give up. They stepped carefully outside the spacecraft to fix the issues. Finally, their efforts signalled a great success. Their discoveries enabled people on Earth to better comprehend the origin of the universe, and it also gave hope for humanity's long - term survival in space.
目的：聚焦词汇积累和应用，帮助学生通过分支的方式表达情感、行为和反思，增强词汇在实际语境中的运用。
阅读技能目标：
扩展与情感、行为相关的词汇。
将新词汇应用于语境中以增强理解与表达能力。B3U4人教版必修3 Unit 4阅读单（学生版）
Reading Comprehension Worksheet（学生版）
Book 3 Unit 4 Reading and Thinking: SPACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER
I. Understanding and Main Idea Extraction（What文章理解与主旨提取）
A. Summarize the article in 1–2 sentences or choose the best summary.
(Table Fill-in Exercise) Create a timeline of the major events in space exploration mentioned in the article. Include the date, event, and a short description of its significance.
Date Event Significance
1957
1961
1969
1977
2003
A. Read the following statements and decide if they are true or false:
All space exploration missions have been successful.
China's space program started early and has always been leading.
Scientists hope future space discoveries can help us understand the origin of the universe and our survival.
B.What was the significance of Neil Armstrong's statement, "That’s one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind"
C. Choose one of the space exploration achievements (e.g., the launch of Sputnik 1, the first moon landing, China's spacewalk). Explain how this achievement has influenced the development of space exploration.
II. Emotional and Deeper Meaning Analysis（Why情感与深层意义分析）
The article states that people continue to explore space despite the risks. What can you infer about human nature from this Explain your reasoning.
Scientists hope future discoveries will help us survive well into the future. What kind of survival - related problems on Earth do you think space exploration might solve Provide examples and explain your thoughts.
Do you think space exploration is more important for scientific research or for national pride Explain your opinion and provide at least two reasons to support it.
A. The article mentions some accidents in space exploration. Describe the impact of these accidents on the space exploration community. How do you think these events have changed the way space missions are planned and carried out
Do you think space exploration is worth the risks Please explain your reasons.
C. How does China's space program compare to those of the US and Russia, according to the article What can we learn from their progress
III. Structural Analysis and Creative Output（How结构分析与创造性输出）
A. Analyze the overall structure of the article. Is it organized chronologically, thematically, or in some other way Explain how the structure helps the reader understand the development of space exploration.
B. Explain why you think the author chose this particular way to present the information about space exploration.
Analyze the use of the phrase “the final frontier” in the title. What does it imply about space exploration
A. Analyze the function of the third paragraph in the article.
B. Choose one paragraph from the article. Identify the topic sentence and explain how the other sentences in the paragraph support or expand on the topic sentence.
C. Find an example of a technical term in the article (e.g., “gravity”). Explain what it means and how it contributes to the accuracy of the article's information.
IV. Critical Thinking and Application（批判性思维与实践运用）
Analyze the author's attitude towards space exploration. Cite specific sentences from the article to support your analysis. Do you share the same attitude Why or why not
A. Analyze the reason why people continue to explore space despite the risks, as mentioned in the article. What does this tell us about human nature
B. Analyze the challenges astronauts might face during space exploration, and how can they overcome them.
Imagine you are an astronaut preparing for a mission to Mars. Write a diary entry describing your feelings and expectations for the journey. Use at least three vocabulary words from the article (e.g., exploration, universe, discovery).
V. 词块积累及应用
1. 绘制思维导图：
中心词：Space Exploration
分支 1：Feelings (e.g., curiosity, disappointment, aspiration)
分支 2：Actions (e.g., vehicle, uncover, step)
分支 3：Reflections (e.g., signal, comprehend, enable)
A. 情感描述相关表达
B. 行为描写相关表达
C. 结果与反思相关表达
2. 迁移应用：
A. 请用以下词汇和表达介绍你对航天员生活的了解：
词汇：：puzzle, mystery, curiosity
句型：Everyone felt...; People have always wanted...
B. 模拟对话：设定两个宇航员在太空中执行任务时的对话场景。要求对话中至少包含 6 个梳理出的词汇。
C. 运用文章中梳理出的至少8个词汇，创作一篇关于太空探索的小故事。故事需要包含太空探索的原因、遇到的困难、采取的行动以及最终的结果等情节, 至少使用以下表达：
词汇：explore, curiosity, aspiration
